Cytosine methylation is an important epigenetic modification that happens mostly at CG dinucleotides (often abbreviated as "CpG"). It was noticed more than 40 years ago that in many mammalian genomes, there’s less CpG and more TpG than you’d expect by chance (in a classic paper from Adrian Bird: https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-abstract/8/7/1499/2359884)
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