"The first study [about autism rates in transgender folks] (de Vries et al. 2010, p.930) found that 7.8% of a cohort of 204 youth with gender dysphoria met criteria for “suspected” autism spectrum, based on the Dutch version of the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (10th revision) (van Berckelaer- Onnes et al. 2003). De Vries and colleagues (2010) noted that the 7.8% figure was most likely an under-representation: (a) several known autistic gender clinic patients were unable to complete the assessment due to autism-related impairments; (b) for some patients, autistic traits were observed by clinicians but parents seemed to under-report; and (c) assessing clinicians had a high threshold for recognizing autistic traits, thereby leaving out those with autistic traits who did not appear to meet full criteria for diagnoses. Similar studies followed, most of them using screening tools to identify those who were probably autistic among a cohort of youth or adults who had been diagnosed with gender dysphoria. Rates of co-occurrence of suggested autism spectrum diagnoses among study groups of people with gender dysphoria ranged from 5.5% of an adult sample (Pasterski, Gilligan and Curtis 2014) to 23.1% of a youth sample (Shumer et al. 2016). Other co-occurrence rates include 13.6% with assigned male at birth (AMAB) adults and 21.3% with AFAB adults (Jones et al. 2012)"
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