Ancestors

Toot

Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:42

[#]Ketamine: 50 Years of Modulating the Mind

"Ketamine was introduced into clinical practice in the 1960s and continues to be both clinically useful and scientifically fascinating. With considerably diverse molecular targets and neurophysiological properties, its effects on the central nervous system remain incompletely understood. Investigators have leveraged the unique characteristics of ketamine to explore the invariant, fundamental mechanisms of anesthetic action."

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5126726/

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Descendants

Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:43

"Although initially developed as an anesthetic, over the past several decades ketamine has been revealed to have greater potential in the field of medicine. A growing body of literature has demonstrated the clinical value of ketamine across diverse settings, with emerging roles in pain medicine and treatment-resistant depression. Concurrently, efforts to uncover the mechanisms underlying ketamine’s actions are providing researchers with new insights into the relationship between

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:43

consciousness and anesthesia.

Since the first clinical report in 1966, ketamine has become arguably the most unique anesthetic agent used today and also one of the most promising and exciting in terms of its potential."

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:46

I did not realize that ketamine was synthesized because they were trying to find a drug that was like PCP but didn't make you psychotic. Ketamine, originally CI-581, was synthesized as a structural analog at 1/10 the potency of its parent drug, PCP.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:50

"The psychoactive properties associated with ketamine limit widespread clinical use. Even at subanesthetic doses (i.e., 0.1–0.4 mg/kg; Krystal et al., 1994), patients may experience perturbing dissociative symptoms. One study described ketamine at such doses producing four main psychological effects (Pomarol-Clotet et al., 2006):

(1) a feeling of intoxication, comparable to the effects of other anesthetics and sedatives; (2) perceptual alterations in visual, auditory and somatosensory domains

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:51

concomitant with symptoms of depersonalization or derealization; (3) referential ideas and delusions, often of misinterpretation and thought disorder; and (4) negative symptoms such as poverty of speech."

Yeah, those are the effects a lot of people are going for when they take ketamine.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:56

That reminds me, marijuana is a relatively safe drug, but there are a couple of really scary possible side effects at high doses that are thankfully relatively rare.

Some people after prolonged use develop intense nausea and vomiting, called "cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome."

Some people after a very high dose have psychotic breaks and do bad things like chop people's heads off or stab them to death.

https://extra.ie/2024/04/07/news/cannabis-murder-case

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 05:57

"Last month, a man who killed and decapitated his wife while suffering from a cannabis-induced psychotic episode was found not guilty by reason of insanity.

The court heard that Diego Costa Silva attacked Fabiola Camara De Campos Silva at their home in Finglas, Dublin, and then removed her head because he thought that she had been possessed by a serpent."

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:05

One thing about taking ketamine therapeutically is that you're not supposed to mix it with other drugs due to interactions. That's probably what killed Matthew Perry, since he was taking ketamine while on buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and he was in a hot tub and had heart disease.

The thing with Elon Musk is that I don't think he's addicted to alcohol or cocaine or benzos or opioids, but he's addicted to social media first and foremost, and then ketamine, maybe plus MDMA.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:07

I suppose Elon is addicted to being uber-rich first and foremost, then social media, then ketamine. The craving for wealth even though it doesn't make you happy and leaves less for other people is unseemly and makes you the opposite of cool.

I was thinking that one common trait of Trump and his lackeys is that none of them are what I would consider "cool". The opposite in fact. I think they hated Obama more for being cool than for being Black. Being Black + Cool = Super Jealousy.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:09

Ketamine puts you into a dissociative state. But so does being a multi-billionaire. Imagine both of those things together.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:10

"While ketamine’s psychedelic effects limit clinical use, they have made ketamine a popular recreational drug. At lower doses, stimulant effects predominate, and users experience mild dissociation with hallucinations and a distortion of time and space. Higher doses induce more severe, schizophrenia-like symptoms and perceptions that are completely separate from reality. Although these effects resolve approximately 2 h after acute ketamine use, long-term use can cause more pronounced and

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:13

persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms, including schizophrenia-like symptoms, cognitive impairment and poor psychological well-being (Morgan et al., 2009, 2010; Liu et al., 2016)."

IOW, high on ketamine is the perfect frame of mind for a person in charge of, if not technically the "CEO" of, multiple very important companies, and now "minister without portfolio" to the President.

Usually Presidential advisors talk directly to the President instead of via blasting ideas over X, but hey, ketamine.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:18

If Elon had wanted to be a little more slick about his Nazi signaling, he could have done that upside-down ok hand sign that the white supremacists started using in Trump's first term. Then a lot of people in the crowd would have done it back instead of being afraid to.

The people who know him personally say that he's a narcissist and not committed to Nazi or any other ideology, so he likely did the Nazi salute for attention and controversy, but also he's not not a Nazi. He just doesn't care.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:24

Elon and Trump can't really be effective strong men because they're too narcissistic. Ruth Ben-Ghiat's book of mini biographies of different dictators shows a lot of common traits. They're usually very narcissistic and have high drives for money, sex, and power.

I hope Elon and Donald are too narcissistic and too lazy to be truly effective, to the benefit of the rest of us. I'm most worried about the hard-working, true-believing religious holy warriors Trump is empowering to hurt people.

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:28

"At the systems neuroscience level, ketamine’s mechanisms are markedly distinct from drugs such as propofol or the halogenated ethers. Unlike most anesthetics, ketamine does not appear to activate the sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus; rather, ketamine activates subcortical wake-promoting nuclei (Lu et al., 2008). This is paralleled in ketamine’s unique neurochemistry. Unlike most other inhaled and IV anesthetics, ketamine increases levels of the

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Written by Jake Hamby on 2025-01-30 at 06:29

arousal-promoting neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cortex and it depends, in part, on noradrenergic transmission for its full effect. Ketamine is the only sedative-hypnotic that maintains or increases thalamic metabolism. Neurophysiologically, ketamine—unlike propofol and sevoflurane—increases electroencephalographic activity around 40 Hz, but—like other anesthetics—suppresses high gamma activity and increases delta power."

Fascinating.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5126726/

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Written by kcarruthers on 2025-01-30 at 05:48

@jhamby wow 😮

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Written by 64 Islands Aroha Cooperative on 2025-01-30 at 06:00

@kcarruthers @jhamby right?

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Written by 🇺🇦 haxadecimal on 2025-01-30 at 06:30

@jhamby

Not so mild, being a multi-billionaire.

(AFAICT, having never been one.)

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Written by Otte Homan - remember Geordie on 2025-01-30 at 06:04

@jhamby finally some #facts. But that doesn't make it any better when some 🤡 who's doped up to the rafters with this stuff is trying to run/ruin the country.

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