The word 'enemy' is closely related to 'amicable', 'amorous', 'to enamour', 'amable', 'amiable', and 'amity'.
All of these words ultimately derive from Latin 'amāre' ('to love; to like').
From its derivative 'amīcus' ('friendly; friend'), the word 'inimīcus' ('unfriendly; enemy') was derived: 'in-imīcus', literally "un-friendly".
Via Old French 'enemi', this became the English word 'enemy'.
Click the graphic to learn more.
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@yvanspijk @determinerik there are of course three amigos
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@hanscees @yvanspijk @determinerik
Zó mijn best gedaan deze film te vergeten…
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@sjaakkeuvelaar @yvanspijk @determinerik but why?
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@yvanspijk An bhfuil baint leis an nGaeilge namhaid? https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/namhaid https://dil.ie/32959
Má thagann namhaid ó inamicus na Laidine, nach ait nach bhfuil focal eile ar chara, a thagann ó amicus? Nó an bhfuil?
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@uathachas I'm afraid I can't read Celtic languages.
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@yvanspijk Is there a theory as to why derivatives come specifically from tha accusative case?
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@ppscrv The accusative case was generalised in most Romance languages before the first texts, which is shown by the modern forms. E.g. 'ratiō' (nominative) ~ 'ratiōnem' (accusative) became It. 'ragione', Sp. 'razón', Po. 'razão', Fr. 'raison' etc. Many factors were at play, but an important one was that the accusative was always regular, and the difference between singular vs. plural was very systematic:
(-um >) -o ~ -os
(-am >) -a ~ -as
(-em >) -e ~ -es
Here's a graphic I made about it:
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@yvanspijk Oh, that is very intresting. Is it a general pattern, that when language loses inflections, it tends to keep the most regular of its inflected forms?
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@ppscrv Yes, although there are other factors at play as well.
In the southern regional languages spoken in the Netherlands and Belgium, the masculine accusative inflection (e.g. article 'den') was generalised instead of the nominative ('de', as in Standard Dutch) because the accusative allowed for distinguishing masculine and feminine nouns: 'den boer' (the farmer) vs. 'de boerin' (the female farmer), even though generalising 'de' for both genders would've been the most regular thing to do.
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@yvanspijk The same 'den' we still have in names like van den Berg or Den Helder. Nice.
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@yvanspijk even though it's a different branch on the tree, I always like the fact that Amateur is also derived from amare and thus an amateur is someone who does what he or she loves. This gives it a totally different meaning from what we nowadays use it for.
We need more amateurs and less people who just profess!
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@yvanspijk i wish «imigo» was used more in portuguese, it sound similar to «amigo»
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@samoak Do you mean 'inimigo'? I can't find 'imigo' in the dictionaries.
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@yvanspijk i found it on https://dicionario.priberam.org/imigo but it says it's archaic
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@samoak Thanks! It seems to be the descendant of Old Galician-Portuguese 'ẽemigo'.
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text/gemini
