𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, August 19, 2023
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Generated Sun 20 Aug 02:43:55 BST 2023
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈
Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕
Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/19/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
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QmWef8vtcFeiv9B2BmB2WtBwMqLq2kDfzWm5aQkKdgkCHW
QmSERS83Ghpc2tvtjtSx1QuX63sSxDgJ4UDR3Xx4DCBamw
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QmdW1PZqQK5LjoM41V2gKL2KqnHaEqwHdd4G1YYxa7JTEz
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QmPrM5Hu5PNR7zjUmtsvqm8xkZsrE96qx4CaEuQrKFfjFd
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QmbqCQ6R4NusTRm9E3YjVzj9c1FxCfEvrfqShjAZLaCyQS
╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ Linus Torvalds Explains How Linux Started and Took Off | Techrights
⦿ The Free Software Community is Exploited by Greedy Business People, It’s Not Freeloading (Yet More Name-calling, Trolling and Shaming of Volunteers) | Techrights
⦿ The Rise and Fall of ’Open’AI | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/an-interview-with-torvalds/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/freeloading-narrative-inverted/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/rise-and-fall-of-gai-hype/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/linus-tech-tips-collapsing/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/missing-physical-buttons-on-electronics/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/openwashing-backlash/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 55
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/an-interview-with-torvalds/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/19/an-interview-with-torvalds/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Linus_Torvalds_Explains_How_Linux_Started_and_Took_Off⠀✐
Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Interview, Kernel at 8:31 pm by Dr.
Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link
http://techrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/linus-on-start-of-linux.webm
Summary: This not-so-old interview with Torvalds explains how it started; he
refers to his kernel as “operating system” (no mention of GNU) but dispels some
media myths
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 87
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/freeloading-narrative-inverted/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/19/freeloading-narrative-inverted/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ The_Free_Software_Community_is_Exploited_by_Greedy_Business_People,_It’s_Not
Freeloading_(Yet_More_Name-calling,_Trolling_and_Shaming_of_Volunteers)⠀✐
Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FUD, GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat at 10:07 am by
Guest Editorial Team
Reprinted with permission from Ryan_Farmer
IBM’s new pejorative for people who use Fedora or an Enterprise Linux clone.
“Freeloader” (And they don’t want to know about security holes.)
A word that IBM and their fanboys, and remaining unpaid volunteers are bandying
about lately, is “Freeloader”.
In IBM Red Hat’s book, anyone who isn’t currently coughing up a subscription
fee to use RHEL is “Freeloading”. Basically, they see you as a parasite.
This word doesn’t just apply to a person who grabs Fedora and uses it on their
laptop and never files bug reports or anything. It applies more broadly to
organizations that deploy a free Enterprise Linux clone to their business
because they think they can self-support.
It also applies specifically to Oracle, because even before IBM, Red Hat was
already trying to portray Oracle Linux as some sort of “stolen product” with
their “Unfakeable Linux” marketing campaign.
Let’s talk about users. Fedora has always had a very transactional relationship
with users from Red Hat’s point of view. Users were valuable as bug reporters.
We’d get this software on our daily systems for free, and in return, when
something went wrong, we were “requested” to file bug reports.
However, IBM doesn’t value bug reports because as the new boss in town, it’s
not actually interested in fixing bugs. It wants to hide them, like Microsoft,
according to AlmaLinux developers who tried reporting security vulnerabilities
in RHEL components.
KnownHost CTO and AlmaLinux Infrastructure Team Leader Jonathan
Wright recently posted a CentOS Stream fix for CVE-2023-38403,_a
memory_overflow_problem_in_iperf3. Iperf3 is a popular open-source
network performance test. This security hole is an important one, but
not a huge problem. Still, it’s better by far to fix it than let it
linger and see it eventually used to crash a server.
That’s what I and others felt anyway. But, then, a senior Red Hat
software engineer replied, “Thanks for the contribution. At this
time, we_don’t_plan_to_address_this_in_RHEL, but we will keep it open
for evaluation based on customer feedback.”
[…]
The GitLab conversation proceeded:
AlmaLinux: “Is customer demand really necessary to fix CVEs?”
Red Hat: “We commit to addressing Red Hat defined Critical and
Important security issues. Security vulnerabilities with Low or
Moderate severity will be addressed on demand when [a] customer or
other business requirements exist to do so.”
AlmaLinux: “I can even understand that, but why reject the fix when
the work is already done and just has to be merged?”
At this point, Mike McGrath, Red Hat’s VP of Core Platforms, AKA
RHEL, stepped in. He explained, “We should probably create a ‘what to
expect when you’re submitting’ doc. Getting the code written is only
the first step in what Red Hat does with it. We’d have to make sure
there aren’t regressions, QA, etc. … So thank you for the
contribution, it looks like the Fedora side of it is going well, so
it’ll end up in RHEL at some point.”
One user wrote, “You want customer demand? Here is customer demand.
FIX IT, or I will NEVER touch RHEL EVER.” While another, snarked,
“Red Hat: We’re going totally commercial because Alma never pushes
fixes upstream! Also, Red Hat: We don’t want your fixes, Alma!”
On Reddit, McGrath said, “I will admit that we did have a great
opportunity for a good-faith gesture towards Alma here and fumbled.”
Finally, though the Red_Hat_Product_Security_team_rated_the_CVE_as
“‘Important,’ the patch was merged.
-ZDNet Article “AlmaLinux_discovers_working_with_Red_Hat_isn’t_easy”
The attitude that Microsoft and IBM share in security vulnerabilities is that
they don’t want to touch the fix, even if someone else already wrote it,
because it may cause a regression that they then have to spend time and money
sorting out.
Microsoft’s attitude is so bad that they use old and insecure versions of gnupg
to generate package signatures on their “Linux” software, but it also hardly
matters because they point dnf on Fedora or RHEL to their server to get the
.asc file, which means that users who have Microsoft programs on their computer
can get a copy that’s been tampered with as an “update” and not have any
warning, because the attacker can modify the .asc with one that they control,
and put that one on the server as part of the attack.
I think it’s, frankly, frightening, that IBM admits that security patches are
not one of their highest priorities in such a widely used system as RHEL.
Instead of getting caught up in the “security poser” malarkey, and buzzword
bullshit bingo, like Matthew Garrett does with his nerve-grating overuse of
things like “attestation”, “TPM”, and “roots of trust”.
These things are not security. If the software you’re using is garbage, your
security is garbage. You need to use software from people who just fix their
damn bugs, and vendors who get you those patches shipped ASAP. Everything else
is basically pointless.
My roots of trust are simple. It’s on my computer, I trust it. Fuck off.
The first and last time I’ve had a computer virus, it was on Windows 98, and
Chernobyl (it was set to trigger a malicious BIOS flashing until the ROM was
bricked). Thankfully, I pulled it out in time.
I have never had any “Linux malware”, and that record is unbroken since 1998.
Seriously, patch your software, get it from a legitimate source, and don’t
worry too much.
If a company is like Microsoft and IBM, and doesn’t want to know about security
holes, they don’t deserve their customers on that issue alone.
Where were we? Ah, yes. Freeloading. IBM’s open contempt for Fedora is even
worse.
They are throwing out many unpaid volunteers that were doing free work for IBM
Red Hat, and calling those people “Freeloaders”, with absolutely no sense of
irony, apparently. IBM gets a lot of software for free.
They stopped paying the FSF around the time Molly de Blanc and other
unproductives, like Garrett (his last useful code was in the 2000s, I think,
when he worked on ACPI), organized people around a defamatory petition against
Richard M. Stallman, which Roy Schestowitz points out is a 70 year old man.
But IBM still pulls GNU software without paying for it. And many other people’s
software! FREELOADERS!
Users of free clones can be future customers.
The “free” developer license for RHEL, does not allow you to deploy it across
your whole organization, get settled in, and then realize you need support
after all.
The free clones were an ongoing source of new customers, who would often bring
lots of machines with them by the time they approached Red Hat and wanted to do
an in-place conversion. This was a serious amount of money.
IBM says they’re just Freeloaders and harasses the distributions that onboard
customers into the “Red Hat” way of doing things and land them clients.
Even when they don’t make sales, their product gets more marketshare, which was
why they were a de facto “standard”.
Oracle “Freeloading”.
Perhaps most of all, Red Hat (pre-, and post-IBM) had disdain for Oracle Linux,
but Oracle didn’t have compelling reasons to lure people away from RHEL wanting
an identical product. Oracle is not the authoritative source of RHEL, IBM is.
Whatever Oracle consumes is what IBM decided to put in there.
A customer education campaign on this subject would have been better than
labeling Oracle as some sort of “stolen product”.
Oracle is not going for exactly the same customers. They have their own
“Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel” that is really quite different already, and
which boots by default.
UEK is modified to run Oracle-type workloads better than the RHEL Compatible
Kernel, but despite this, the compatibility issues with it are rare.
The Linux kernel version does not directly interact with very many programs in
userspace so as long as you have a stable kernel that’s getting serviced by
someone who knows what they’re doing, you’re probably going to be fine running
the RHEL userspace on top of it, which makes IBM’s decision to obscure their
kernel all the more bizarre.
The future of RHEL clones is not entirely under IBM’s control anyway.
Already, an alliance (Open_Enterprise_Alliance_Association) of SUSE, Oracle,
and CIQ (sponsor of Rocky Linux) have come together to make a “commons” out of
the Enterprise Linux source code.
Ironically, the alliance’s Web site pokes fun at IBM.
“The Community Repository for Enterprise Linux Sources No
subscriptions. No passwords. No barriers. Freeloaders welcome.“
Essentially, IBM has succeeded only in angering a great many people with their
antics including washing their hands of Fedora this week, and spurred their
competitors into an alliance to_reduce_the_work_of_maintaining_competing_RHEL
clones.
This has all been so very stupid and avoidable.
The media (bribed) has been focusing on this “AI” nonsense between Microsoft
and IBM, but all it will ever do is cost IBM money.
IBM decided to throw away an actual product, and company, that it spent a
considerable amount of money acquiring, in the garbage, and pivot to running
like some idiotic San Francisco cash furnish with an account at the Bank of
Silicon Valley.
It will not end well for them if they proceed. █
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 361
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/19/rise-and-fall-of-gai-hype/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/19/rise-and-fall-of-gai-hype/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ The_Rise_and_Fall_of_‘Open’AI⠀✐
Posted in Deception, Finance, Microsoft at 7:51 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Even Microsoft-sponsored sites openly admit it’s “hype”:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Microsoft-sponsored:__This_week_in_enterprise:_Gen_AI_hype,
cybersecurity_leaders_and_laggards,_and_Cisco’s_tech_spending_boost⦈_
It’s still proprietary, centralised, and unprofitable:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇sam-altman-on-if-chatgpt-will-be-free-forever-v0-
3bn3t7tp254a1⦈_
Back_in_2019 it was a small startup (living off the backs of other people’s
capital):
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇'Open'AI_in_2019⦈_
This past summer it’s failing commercially and the number of users falls at
double-digit (percent) rates:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇'Open'AI_this_summer⦈_
Summary: Some ‘evil tongues’ in the media has begun speculating about ‘open’
(closed) AI shutdown_and_bankruptcy within months; alarmingly, the paid-for
media hype (FOMO marketing tactics) is not_sustainable, nor are the huge bills
that the company sinks in (the “deal” with Microsoft was about faking_"demand"
for_Azure, or as one might frame it, Microsoft basically buying Azure from
itself to make media chaff and distract from mass_layoffs_of_unprecedented
scale)
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⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠙⢿⠦⢄⡀⠀⠀⠲⠤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⡡⠀⣶⡹⣿⣽⣿⣷⣀⣀⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢟⣛⣭⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣯⣭⣟⡻⠿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠞⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠑⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⣤⡀⠀⠙⢤⡄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣋⣭⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣟⡽⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⡀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣦⡦⡼⠃⢖⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣭⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠄⠀⠀⠀⡐⣆⣀⢄⠤⢺⡿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠿⠷⠶⣿⠿⠶⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣒⣤⢹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⡿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠈⢻⢷⣄⠼⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣷⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣧⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠶⠿⠍⠀⢀⣀⡈⠩⢻⣿⣿⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⡏⠙⠻⠿⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡦⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡟⢙⣦⣾⡿⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⢦⠂⢀⣀⣉⣙⣛⠿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣒⡮⠟⣻⡿⣷⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⢀⠔⠉⣠⣾⣿⡿⢱⡟⠋⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣉⣀⡀⠉⠙⠛⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠉⠙⢻⣿⣧⣮⣽⣛⠿⢿⣿⣶⣮⣭⣎⣛⡿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠁⣠⣬⣿⣿⡿⢣⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡟⣵⣬⣦⡀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡟⠙⠿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⣙⠻⠿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠉⣿⣛⡿⢿⣿⣿⣾⣯⣵⣲⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣟⣿⣯⠇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠟⠃⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢧⢿⡿⠿⣷⣾⣭⣽⣛⣻⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠉⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢏⢣⡿⢿⣿⣷⣞⣝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⢋⣦⡿⠳⠦⣽⣿⣱⣶⣱⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⢿⣧⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠞⡡⡜⣆⠀⡤⠀⢋⢄⠟⢻⡼⣿⡻⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡫⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⣳⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⣼⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣺⣺⡭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠘⠋⠁⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣟⣉⣭⡩⣭⡻⢛⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠡⠐
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣻⣝⢿⡀⢻⣏⢿⡏⠒⠋⠉⠙⠛⠛⠶⣯⣟⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣴⣾⣿
⣿⣿⡟⠉⠘⣿⠶⠾⣿⡀⣿⡼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠷⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⠶⠶⣿⡇⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢷⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⢀⠀⣿⠀⢀⣿⠁⣿⢷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣞⣿⡞⣷⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣵⣾⣮⣵⣷⣶⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡞⢿⡜⣿⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠸⣷⠼⣿⢹⡕⡹⠟⠉⢻⢿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠠⣿⢬⢹⣟⡇⡇⠀⠀⠸⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠽⠿⢿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⡸⣷⣾⣦⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣴⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⡇⠈⠉⡉⡉⠉⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⡶⣶⣤⣤⣔⣯⢣⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠲⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡜⣻⣿⡟⣮⢢⢿⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⣥⢹⢸⢑⠨⣿⡇⢃⠃⡏⣀⣙⢑⣈⠀⠡⣿⡇⡇⢡⢹⣿⠁⣈⡇⣥⢱⢰⡋⣊⡃⢡⠀⡎⡃⢡⠀⣏⡀⠀⠀⢸⣼⣿⠀⣟⢺⢁⣈⡇⡅⢹⣿⠁⠌⢿⢸⣿⢨⡌⣇⠃⡄⢵⢹⢁⣈⣿⠀⠀⠀⢥
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣀⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⡆⠀⠀⠘⠚⠛⠓⠒⠚⠓⠒⠓⠓⠚⠓⠚⠓⠚⠚⠛⠚⠓⠛⠘⠃⠒⠚⠓⠒⠃⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢭⢹⠉⡍⡏⣭⢸⣿⠀⠯⡍⡏⣭⢹⢩⡍⡯⡍⠋⢩⠋⡅⢈⡩⢽⣿⣿⢭⠙⡏⡍⠛⢩⢸⣿⠁⣿⢾⢹⣉⠭⠏⣍⡖⣤⢰⣆⠤⣶⡆⢰⢀⣀⠂⣄⡆⣤⢰⣶⡀⠤⠀⡄⠒⢀⣰⢠⡄⡆⡄⢰⢰⢨⡍⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣗⣒⣸⣒⣢⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣹⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣀⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠋⡿⡿⢿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢹⣿⣿⠻⣿⠟⡟⣿⠿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢿⡿⢻⠿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣇⠀⠿⡛⠙⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣦⣾⣴⣼⣿⣿⣷⣾⣭⣧⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⢰⣛⡆⡇⣇⠿⡇⣿⡸⢏⡯⢽⡹⠗⡇⣿⠸⣯⡷⠝⡇⠿⣸⠺⢿⣷⣷⡷⠝⣇⠿⣸⢸⣇⠭⣇⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣦⣼⣒⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣦⡀⣤⣀⣀⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⢀⢀⣀⣠⣀⡀⢀⡀⣠⣤⡄⢀⣀⣄⣀⡀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⡀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣠⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣀⢀⣀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡄⠀⢒⣦⣿⣽⢻⣀⣿⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢠⠀⣷⣷⢶⣤⣤⣶⢶⣷⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⡟⣙⢳⣦⣤⣼⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⠚⠚⠛⠒⠒⠚⠛⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠛⠛⠓⠒⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠒⠛⠂⠀⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠀⣽⣯⣭⣿⣉⣈⡟⠉⢹⣽⠛⠛⢡⣷⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣯⣯⡍⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣋⠀⠀⠈⣗⣷⣿⣶⣾⣴⣷⡦⢰⣦⣠⣤⠄⣟⣾⣿⣶⣟⣾⣷⠘⣶⣦⣧⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣴⣻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⣯⡇⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⣝⣟⣳⣟⣛⣼⣋⣗⣾⣟⣛⣿⣖⣫⣟⣯⡛⠛⠛⠛⠀⣟⣟⣿⣇⣻⣛⣿⣛⣛⣃⣛⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⣯⣝⡷⢳⠰⣶⢤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡾⣾⣷⡀⢀⣴⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡛⢿⣷⢀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣴⢿⠗⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⡿⠞⣷⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣛⣟⣿⠋⢺⡟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡿⠿⡋⠉⠁⠛⢛⢻⠓⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⣙⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⡖⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣰⣲⣒⣖⡲⣦⣶⢶⣴⣤⣖⣶⣶⣒⣲⣲⢶⣶⣾⣶⢦⣤⣶⣖⣒⣒⣲⣶⣶⣲⠂⠀⢀⢤⣴⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠐⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣸⢿⠿⠃⠿⡿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠿⠿⠆⣈⣾⣟⡿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣦⣶⠀⣄⣤⣤⣤⢀⣀⣿⣻⣛⣇⠀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣄⣀⣀⣿⣽⣿⢇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠻⠻⠻⠿⠷⠿⠿⢷⠿⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡸⠿⠿⠢⢿⠿⠿⢾⠧⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠃⠿⡿⡾⠿⠿⢟⠿⠧⠿⡿⠿⠹⠿⠟⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠯⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣤⣀⢸⡷⣾⣾⣠⣤⣀⣰⣶⡆⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣄⡀⣀⣤⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⣠⣀⣀⠀⣀⢀⣀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠃⠐⠰⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠗⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠽⡿⣭⡝⠻⠿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⡇⢽⠿⠿⠿⠿⢽⠿⠿⣾⠿⠻⠿⠿⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣧⠐⠛⠃⠐⠀⠀⠀⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡞⠙⠿⣿⡟⣾⡶⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠁⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡤⢦⡦⣤⣤⡄⣀⣄⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⢤⠀⣀⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⣤⣄⠀⢀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⣾⣿⣯⣽⣏⣯⡿⠿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢯⣷⣼⡟⢻⣽⣿⢿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢶⣢⠾⠀⠈⢷⡾⣽⣿⣼⣽⣇⠀⠀⠻⢻⣿⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠒⠛⠚⠘⠛⠃⣭⣽⣾⣿⣹⣙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⣾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠶⠞⢿⣶⣤⣀⣠⣀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡂⡀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠁
⡖⢶⢴⣶⡖⠰⢲⢂⡰⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⡖⢲⠀⢤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡔⠒⠒⠚⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡧⠤⠤⢤⡤⠤⠤⠤⡄⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠐⠂⠀⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢧⣤⣤⣤⣤⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣇⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣮⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⢽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣫⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⢿⠿⡟⠟⢿⢿⣿⢟⢿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⢻⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣧⣧⣿⣼⣯⣿⣽⣽⣵⣼⣦⣷⣽⣤⣷⣮⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣽⣶⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⢛⢛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢛⠛⡛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠋⡟⡛⢛⠛⡛⢻⣯⠙⡛⠛⢙⠉⢛⢻⡟⠛⡛⢛⢹⡏⣹⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⡛⢙⡟⠙⢛⠛⠛⠙⢟⠛⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣦⣶⣷⡶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⢷⣾⡿⣶⣷⣶⢾⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⡷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣤⣴⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⡷⣷⣾⣶⣶⣮⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣶⣥⣧⣤⣥⣧⣤⣵⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣌⣦⣤⣥⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣦⣶⣥⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣑⣀⣁⣹⣈⣉⣉⣉⣭⣉⣏⣉⣩⣉⣁⣨⣉⣉⣏⣩⣁⣈⡉⣉⣉⣉⣘⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣁⣉⣏⣈⣩⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣉⣀⣉⣍⣹⣉⣍⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣹⣁⣉⣉⣅⣉⣉⣩⣉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⣠⠀⢄⠀⣀⢀⡀⠠⣀⣀⢀⡀⣀⡀⡀⣀⠀⠀⣀⢀⡀⠀⣀⣄⠀⣄⡀⡀⢠⡀⣀⡀⣠⣀⢀⢀⢀⢀⢀⡀⡀⡀⠀⣀⠀⠀⡀⣄⡀⠀⢀⡀⣀⠀⢀⣀⢀⣀⢀⢠⢄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢸⣿⢤⠤⢤⣦⣤⣤⣼⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣥⡤⠤⡤⡤⠤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣝⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⡤⡤⢤⠤⡤⣤⣤⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡴⡄
⣿⣿⢸⣿⣤⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣧⣤⣧⣬⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣦⣧⣤⣴⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣥
⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⢿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠟⠛⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⢻⣿⢛⣛⣛⡛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣉⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⠿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣉⠩⢙⢹⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣯⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣬⣬⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 587
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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_19/08/2023:_New_Wine,Linux-Hostile‘Linus_Tech_Tips’_Collapsing⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 6:27 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o WINE_or_Emulation
o Games
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
# GNOME_Desktop/GTK
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o SUSE/OpenSUSE
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Devices/Embedded
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
# Mozilla
o Programming/Development
* Leftovers
o Science
o Education
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
o Security
# Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Environment
# Wildlife/Nature
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM)
o Monopolies
# Trademarks
# Copyrights
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Gizmo China ☛ Star_Labs_launches_StarLite_5_Linux_tablet
with_12.5″_display,_16GB_RAM,_Intel_N200⠀⇛
Star Labs, a UK-based hardware company, has
introduced the StarLite 5, their latest Linux
tablet. This 12.5-inch 2-in-1 device boasts a high-
resolution 2880 x 1920 LED-backlit display with 300
nits brightness, 10-point touch support, and 16:10
aspect ratio.
The tablet is powered by an Intel Alder Lake N200
(1.0GHz quad-core) processor, coupled with 16GB of
4800MHz LPDDR5 RAM and storage options of 512GB,
1TB, or 2TB Gen 3 PCIe SSD.
One of the standout features of the StarLite 5 is
its support for a range of operating systems,
making it a versatile choice for users. It’s
compatible with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, elementary OS
6.1, Linux Mint 21, Manjaro 21.3.7, MX Linux 21.1,
Zorin OS 16.1, and Windows 11 22H1.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 5_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Email_Encryption
Tools⠀⇛
OpenPGP is the most widely used email encryption
standard. Whether you are using an email client or
a web-based email solution, you can encrypt your
email with OpenPGP.
There are very few email applications that have PGP
encryption enabled by default. Fortunately, there
are some good open source encryption applications
available for Linux that are simple to use. We make
the following recommendations captured in a
legendary LinuxLinks chart.
# ⚓ Mastering_Process_Management:_12_Best_Task_Managers_for
Linux⠀⇛
Linux Task Manager is one of the essential tools
that help you to find out the details of resource
usage (CPU/RAM) by any particular software or even
the system itself.
# ⚓ Linux Journal ☛ The_8_Best_SSH_Clients_for_Linux⠀⇛
SSH, or Secure Shell, is a cryptographic network
protocol for operating network services securely
over an unsecured network. It’s a vital part of
modern server management, providing secure remote
access to systems. SSH clients, applications that
leverage SSH protocol, are an essential tool for
system administrators, developers, and IT
professionals. In the world of Linux, where remote
server management is common, choosing the right SSH
client can be crucial. This article will explore
the 8 best SSH clients available for Linux.
# ⚓ 10_Most-Used_AUR_Helpers_For_Arch_Linux⠀⇛
Arch Linux stands out as a lightweight, flexible,
and independently developed GNU/Linux distribution
with a distinct character.
# ⚓ Jeff Geerling ☛ My_own_magic-wormhole_relay,_for_zippier
transfers⠀⇛
If you’ve ever had to transfer a file from one
computer to another over the Internet, with minimal
fuss, there are a few options. You could use scp or
rsync if you have SSH access. You could use Firefox
Send, or Dropbox, or iCloud Drive, or Google Drive,
and upload from one computer, and download on the
other.
But what if you just want to zap a file from point
A to point B? Or what if—like me—you want to see
how fast you can get an individual file from one
place to another over the public Internet?
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ Updog:_Free_Open-source_File_Transfer_Tool⠀⇛
Updog is a powerful and reliable tool for file
transfer over the internet. It has been designed as
a secure and trustworthy alternative to Python’s
SimpleHTTPServer. With Updog, you can effortlessly
upload and download files using the widely
recognized and secure HTTP/S protocols for data
exchange.
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ MiroTalk_SFU:_Open-source_Self-hosted_Real-time
Video_Conferencing_Platform⠀⇛
MiroTalk SFU is an innovative and highly versatile
solution for all your video conferencing needs.
With its powerful open-source architecture, you can
easily host and manage your own web-based video
conferences, without having to worry about the
hassle and expense of relying on third-party
services.
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ 🎒_Lark_×_(GPT-4_+_DALL·E_+_Whisper)_=_Open_Source
Self-hosted_AI_Professional_Assistant_🚀⠀⇛
🎒 Lark × (GPT-4 + DALL·E + Whisper) = your
professional assistant 🚀
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ OverCASE_Is_a_cross-platform_integrated_CASE
system_For_Software_Developers⠀⇛
OverCASE is a cross-platform integrated CASE
(Computer-Aided Software Engineering) system
designed to streamline the software development
process.
[...]
The project is released under the GNU General
Public License version 3.0 (GPLv3).
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ VNote_Is_a_Free_Libre_Notebook_and_Knowledge_base
Manager_For_Engineers⠀⇛
VNote is a note-taking application that is
available to users for free. It is an open-source
platform that is based on Qt, with a focus on
Markdown. The platform is designed to provide users
with an excellent editing experience while taking
notes.
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ Freeturn_Is_a_Self-hosted_Awesome_Tool_for
Freelancers⠀⇛
Freeturn is an amazing open source portfolio and
CRM that offers a variety of features for
individual freelance developers. It is built on two
powerful frameworks, Django and Wagtail, which work
together to provide an intuitive and seamless
experience for users. With Freeturn, you can easily
showcase your skills, experience
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ SMD_Or_Spotify_Music_Downloader,_Free_and_Open-
source_App⠀⇛
SMD or Spotify Music Downloader is an open-source
desktop app that enables you to download Spotify
music for free. It also offers a Telegram bot
client, and a Desktop CLI edition.
The app is written using Python, so it can run on
Windows, Linux, and macOS.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ How_to_Install_BlueStacks_on_Ubuntu_for_Gaming⠀⇛
Bluestacks is one of the top most recommended
Android Emulators currently available in the
emulator market that supports all major Android-
based applications or games.
# ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ Set_up_Transmission_Daemon_to_turn_Ubuntu
22.04_as_Remote_Download_Server⠀⇛
Got a Ubuntu PC or Server and want to use it as
remote download server? This is the step by step
guide shows you how to do the job using
Transmission Daemon.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Disable_IPv6_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to disable
IPv6 on Debian 12. IPv6, a successor to IPv4,
offers extensive address space, routing efficiency,
and enhanced security. Despite these merits, IPv6
adoption can introduce challenges. Its potential
impact on website performance and SEO requires
diligent consideration.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_to_Fix_Cannot_Execute_Binary_File:_Exec
Format_Error⠀⇛
In the dynamic world of Linux systems and
development, encountering errors is not uncommon.
One particularly vexing error that often leaves
Linux users scratching their heads is the infamous
“Cannot Execute Binary File: Exec Format Error.”
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Kitematic_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Kitematic on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Kitematic, a
powerful tool for managing Docker containers,
simplifies the containerization process by
providing a user-friendly interface.
# ⚓ Step-by-Step:_Using_mkdir_Command_to_Make_Directories_in
Linux⠀⇛
# ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_a_CockroachDB_Cluster_on
AlmaLinux_9⠀⇛
CockroachDB is an open-source distributed and
scalable SQL database for cloud applications. This
guide shows you how to install and create a
CockroachDB cluster on multiple AlmaLinux 9
servers.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_OpenLDAP_on_Rocky_Linux_9⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
OpenLDAP on Rocky Linux 9. For those of you who
didn’t know, OpenLDAP is a lightweight directory
service protocol that facilitates communication
between client applications and a directory server,
allowing centralized storage of user data,
authentication, and access control.
# ⚓ KDE Videos ☛ How_to_import_data_from_SQL_databases_into
LabPlot⠀⇛
LabPlot is a FREE, open source and cross-platform
Data Visualization and
Analysis software accessible to everyone. Download
LabPlot now at https://labplot.kde.org/download/.
In this short video you’ll learn how to import data
from SQL databases.
# ⚓ Mastering_User_Removal_in_Linux:_A_Beginner’s_Guide_to
Using_userdel_Command⠀⇛
Why do you want to remove a user in Linux?
# ⚓ LinuxTechi ☛ How_to_Install_Ansible_on_Ubuntu_22.04_Step-
by-Step⠀⇛
Automation is the heart of modern IT infrastructure
management, and Ansible is a powerful automation
tool that simplifies the automation of complex
tasks. Whether you’re managing a single server or a
large-scale data center, Ansible can save you time
and effort.
# ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_install_note-taking_app_Obsidian_on
Ubuntu_23.04⠀⇛
Obsidian is note-taking app, that allows you to
write your notes easily on your computer.
Obsidian is free for personal use. However, if you
are going to use it commercially you need to switch
to the paid plan.
# ⚓ Linux Nightly ☛ How_to_Install_GNOME_on_Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛
The GNOME desktop environment is the default GUI
for Ubuntu systems. However, if you’re running
Ubuntu Server or one of the other flavors of Ubuntu
such as Kubuntu or Lubuntu, then you won’t have
GNOME installed by default. Follow along with us
below to get GNOME installed on Ubuntu.
# ⚓ Comprehensive_Guide:_How_to_List_Users_in_Linux_and_User
Management⠀⇛
There are commands to create user in Linux, delete
user, add a user to group, and see logged in user…
# ⚓ Linux Nightly ☛ [Solved]_ERROR_1698_(28000)_Access_denied
for_user_‘root’@’localhost’⠀⇛
Are you getting the following error when trying to
login to the MySQL root on an Ubuntu system or
other Linux distribution? We’ll show you how to
clear it up in a matter of seconds. ERROR 1698
(28000): Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’
Explanation: This error is caused by the
auth_socket plugin.
# ⚓ Iinstall_Cockpit_Flatpak_Client_(version_297)_on_Fedora_38
WKS⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Julia_on_Linux⠀⇛
Julia is a high-level, high-performance programming
language specifically designed for folks interested
in technical and scientific computing. It was
designed to fulfill the need for a language
blending Python’s user-friendliness and dynamic
scripting with the speed of C and Fortran.
# ⚓ OSNote ☛ Install_Magento_2_in_Debian⠀⇛
This tutorial will take you on a step by step
procedure explaining how to install and configure
the latest version Magento 2 in Debian 9.2 release,
in order to create a free online shopping store.
o § WINE or Emulation⠀➾
# ⚓ WINE Project (Official) ☛ WineHQ_–_Wine_Announcement_–_The
Wine_development_release_8.14_is_now_available.⠀⇛
The Wine development release 8.14 is now available.
What's new in this release:
- PCSC framework used on macOS for smart card
support.
- Dumping of Windows registry files in WineDump.
- Fixes for Wow64 window messages.
- Various bug fixes.
The source is available at:
https://dl.winehq.org/wine/source/8.x/wine-
8.14.tar.xz
Binary packages for various distributions will be
available from:
https://www.winehq.org/download
You will find documentation on https://
www.winehq.org/documentation
You can also get the current source directly from
the git
repository. Check https://www.winehq.org/git for
details.
Wine is available thanks to the work of many
people. See the file
AUTHORS in the distribution for the complete list.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Sabrent_Releases_7-in-1_Steam_Deck_Dock
With_M.2_SSD_Slot⠀⇛
Sabrent has released a new Steam Deck Dock with a
compelling M.2 storage expansion option at a
similar cost to the boring official dock.
# ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ Top_11_New_Games_You_Can_Play_on_Linux_with
Proton_–_August_2023_Edition⠀⇛
We are back with our usual monthly update!
# ⚓ Ivan_Molodetskikh:_Motion_Blur_for_Half-Life_Video
Recording_with_Vulkan⠀⇛
Half-Life is an award-winning first-person shooter
from 1998.
One of the many things setting it apart is a fluid
player movement system.
You can gradually build up speed in the air by
turning left and right, and if you jump as soon as
you hit the ground, you keep all of that speed.
These techniques, called strafing and bunny-
hopping, unlocked a whole new dimension to the
game, and spawned a big community of mappers and
players.
There are hundreds of custom maps with challenging
obstacles designed to test one’s movement skills,
and thousands of players competing to finish them
as fast as possible.
The main hubs for these maps and records are
Xtreme-Jumps1 and Cosy-Climbing.
They are centered around Counter-Strike 1.6, which
has similar movement mechanics to Half-Life, but
paced slower with a jump-speed limit and some
tweaks to the acceleration.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Krita:_Unleashing_the_new_Bundle_Editor⠀⇛
The Bundle Editor is an extension of the
Bundle Creator, designed to enable artists to
modify existing bundles. Often, when
downloading a bundle, we find ourselves drawn
to specific brushes and realize that a
portion—ranging from 10% to 50%—will likely
go unused. In such instances, the ability to
trim down bundle sizes by removing
unnecessary brushes offers the potential to
significantly save on disk space.
# ⚓ Scarlett_Gately_Moore:_KDE:_A_day_in_the_life_of_the
KDE_snapcrafter!⠀⇛
As mentioned last week, I am still looking
for a super awesome team lead for a super
amazing project involving KDE and Snaps. Time
is running out and well the KDE world will be
a better a better place if this project goes
through! I would like to clarify, this is a
paid position! A current KDE developer would
be ideal as it is a small team so your time
will be split managing and coding alike. If
you or anyone you know might be interested
please contact me ASAP!
On to snappy things I have achieved this
week:
Most 23.04.3 is done, I am just testing them
now. New applications: kmymoney ( Thanks
Carlos! ), kde-dev-utils, and kxstitch
( Thanks Jeremy! )
With that said, I have seen on the internets
–candidate channel apps being promoted.
Please use this channel with utmost care as
they are being tested and could quite
possibly be very broken!
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ GNOME_45_Hits_Beta:_New_Features_&
Missed_Items⠀⇛
The GNOME fans are excited as GNOME 45 makes
its way to the beta phase, bringing an array
of enhancements, tweaks, and new features.
This release promises a smoother user
experience and marks a significant shift in
its core components and functionalities.
As GNOME 45 enters the beta phase, the UI,
feature, and API freezes take effect. The
beta phase is set to continue until September
2, when the release candidate is expected.
Finally, you can expect the official GNOME 45
release on September 20, 2023.
Let’s dive into the highlights of what you
can expect from GNOME 45.
# ⚓ This Week in GNOME ☛ This_Week_in_GNOME_(Felix
Häcker):_#109_Managing_Repositories⠀⇛
Update on what happened across the GNOME
project in the week from August 11 to August
18.
# ⚓ Arun_Raghavan:_To_Conference_Organisers_Everywhere…⠀⇛
(well, not exactly everywhere …)
This is not an easy post for me to write,
being a bit of a criticism / “you can do
better” note for organisers of conferences
that cater to a global community.
It’s not easy because most of the conferences
I attend are community driven, and I have
helped organise community_conferences in the
past. It is a thankless job, a labour of
love, and you mostly do not get to enjoy the
fruits of that labour as others do.
The problem is that these conferences end up
inadvertently excluding members who live in,
for lack of a better phrase, the Global
South.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ HaikuOS ☛ [GSoC_2023]_VPN_Support_Project_Update_#6⠀⇛
So last time I posted I was able to say that I got the
client side for OpenVPN on Haiku working but not the
server but I am proud to say that now both the server and
client work extremely well now on Haiku 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽
⦇:)⦈ I was able to get the server from not working to
working and was able to get the latency for the entire
VPN operation down from 1000ms average to anywhere
between 2ms to 9ms (that’s a caveat as that is without
blocking which will be discussed later). I had a check in
my tun_read() function wrong where I wanted any side that
is non-blocking to send a signal to the other side’s
condition variable that something is now in their queue
but had it backwards with a not statement in there. The
simplest mistakes slip the mind huh :p Anyway, the server
also follows suit with the faster latency so now that the
read and write functions are basically complete, lets get
on with what I was dealing with for the past 2ish weeks.
o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ TechCrunch ☛ SUSE_goes_private_again⠀⇛
SUSE, the German Linux vendor and acquirer of
enterprise tools like Rancher and NeuVector, has
had its fair share of owners since it was founded
in 1992. There was Novell, which acquired it in
2003. Then Novell itself was acquired by The
Attachmate Group in 2011. Then Attachmate and Micro
Focus merged in 2014, only to sell off SUSE to
private equity firm EQT Partners in 2018, which
then took it public with an IPO on the Frankfurt
Stock Exchange in the heady days of summer 2021.
And now, EQT Partners is taking SUSE private once
again.
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ SUSE_to_be_taken_private_by_its_majority
shareholder⠀⇛
An investment firm plans to take SUSE SA private to
advance the open-source software maker’s long-term
growth strategy. SUSE announced the plan on
Thursday. The proposed deal values the company at
about €2.6 billion, significantly higher than its
market capitalization before the transaction’s
announcement. Germany-based SUSE develops a popular
Linux distribution of the same name.
# ⚓ Dominique Leuenberger ☛ openSUSE_Tumbleweed_–_Review_of_the
week_2023/33⠀⇛
Dear Tumbleweed users and hackers,
Since the last weekly review, we have ‘only’
delivered six snapshots (0811…0816). Snapshot 0817
is still hanging in QA and is thus not part of
today’s review.
The most relevant changes delivered in the
aforementioned snapshots are: [...]
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ AlmaLinux_leader_says_Red_Hat_code
crackdown_isn’t_a_threat [Ed: The original "FUD" company was
IBM. We're back to it and this publisher takes "sponsorship"
money from Red Hat, so it cannot be objective.]⠀⇛
Red Hat Inc.’s announcement last month that it
would impose restrictions on the availability of
source code for its Red Hat Enterprise Linux
operating system created a stir among developers
and Linux users who have relied on no-cost
alternatives AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux, which were
built to be “bug-for-bug compatible” with RHEL.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Transforming_A_Keyboard_To_A_Mouse_In_Software⠀⇛
You’ve probably heard the old saying that if it
looks like a duck, and it quacks like a duck… So
when is a keyboard a mouse? When software makes it
quack like a mouse — that is, if mice quacked.
[Blackle Mori] took a cheap USB keypad and, using
the libevdev Linux system, made it impersonate a
mouse.
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Rockchip_RK3568_SBC_takes_up_to_four_AHD
cameras,_two_SATA_drives⠀⇛
Boardcon EM3568-AV CAM SBC is powered by a Rockchip
RK3568 SoC and comes with four AHD (analog high-
definition) camera connectors and two SATA 3.0
ports to store video data on hard drives. The SBC
is also equipped with up to 8GB RAM, up to 128GB
eMMC flash, supports MIPI DSI, LVDS, and eDP
displays, and features a video composite output,
two Gigabit Ethernet ports, WIFi 4 connectivity, an
optional 4G LTE module, a few USB ports, and
several connectors for expansion.
# ⚓ Low Tech Mag ☛ Thematic_Book_Series:_How_to_Build_a_Low-
tech_Internet?⠀⇛
We were told that the internet would dematerialize
society and decrease energy use. Contrary to this
projection, it has become a massive infrastructure
and a rapidly growing energy consumer. In this
series of articles, Low-tech Magazine examines the
reasons behind the ever-expanding resource use of
digital communication and what we can do about it.
The internet isn’t an autonomous being. Its growing
energy use results from decisions made by software
developers, web designers, marketeers, publishers,
and internet users. By placing communications in a
historical context and with the development of its
lightweight, off-the-grid, and solar powered
website, Low-tech Magazine challenges our high-tech
approach to sustainability and highlights the
possibilities of alternative solutions.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ Arduino-powered_pickpocket_trap_catches_thieves
red-handed⠀⇛
People living in small towns and rural areas may
not realize it, but pickpocketing is a genuine
issue in big cities. Real-life pickpockets aren’t
magic like those in movies, but they can pull an
item like a wallet from your pocket without you
noticing — it is surprisingly easy to do.
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ Testing_fast_charging_damage_to_smartphone
batteries⠀⇛
Most people leave their phones on their chargers
overnight, but sometimes you end up at 5% halfway
through the day and need to top off your battery.
Fast charging is very convenient in such
circumstances, but it may be damaging your
smartphone’s battery and reducing its capacity over
time.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Android Authority ☛ 5_Android_apps_you_shouldn’t_miss_this
week_–_Android_Apps_Weekly⠀⇛
# ⚓ Tom’s Guide ☛ Thousands_of_Android_malware_apps_use
stealthy_APKs_to_bypass_security,_study_finds_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛
# ⚓ SlashGear ☛ How_To_Adjust_Your_Android_Device’s_Touch
Sensitivity_Settings⠀⇛
# ⚓ SamMobile ☛ One_UI_6_(Android_14)_beta_is_speeding_towards
Galaxy_S22_users_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ Surprise!_Google_releases_Android_14_Beta_5.1
–_PhoneArena⠀⇛
# ⚓ WCCF Tech ☛ Here_is_How_Android’s_Find_My_Device_Network
Could_End_Up_Looking_Like⠀⇛
# ⚓ Forbes ☛ Android_Circuit:_Galaxy_S24_Ultra_Leaks,_Oppo
Reno10_Pro_Prize,_Honor_Magic_V2_Secrets⠀⇛
# ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ Two_new_single-contact_widgets_are_coming_to
Android_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ Easy_Steps_to_Secure_Android_Phones_and_Protect
Your_Personal_Data_–_Gizchina.com⠀⇛
# ⚓ Hacker News ☛ Thousands_of_Android_Malware_Apps_Using
Stealthy_APK_Compression_to_Evade_Detection⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# ⚓ Nirbheek_Chauhan:_What_is_WebRTC?_Why_does_it_need
‘Signalling’?⠀⇛
If you’re new to WebRTC, you must’ve heard that
it’s a way to do video calls in your browser
without needing to install an app. It’s pretty
great!
However, it uses a bunch of really arcane
terminology because it builds upon older
technologies such as RTP, RTCP, SDP, ICE, STUN,
etc. To understand what WebRTC Signalling is, you
must first understand these foundational
technologies.
Readers who are well-versed in this subject might
find some of the explanations annoyingly simplistic
to read. They will also notice that I am omitting a
lot of of detail, leading to potentially misleading
statements.
I apologize in advance to these people. I am merely
trying to avoid turning this post into a book. If
you find a sub-heading too simplistic, please feel
free to skip it. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:-)⦈
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ Real Linux User ☛ 10_Extensions_for_the_Firefox
browser_that_boost_your_productivity⠀⇛
There are a lot of web browsers and they all
have their own unique features, their own
look and feel…
# ⚓ Mozilla ☛ Mozilla_Privacy_Blog:_Mozilla_applauds_CFPB
for_taking_on_the_Data_Broker_Ecosystem [Ed: But
Mozilla, you keep hiring surveillance people to run the
company...]⠀⇛
Earlier this week, the Consumer Financial
Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced that it
will develop rules to prevent “misuse and
abuse” of people’s sensitive information by
placing_restrictions on data sharing by data
brokers. This is a much-needed step to
advance privacy, give people more control
over their data, and shed light on a
notoriously murky industry.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ Simon Ser ☛ Simon_Ser:_Status_update,_August_2023⠀⇛
Hi!
Let me start this status update with an
announcement: from 2023-08-28 to 2023-10-01 (!), I
will be on leave, so I will have reduced
availability. Don’t be surprised if I miss some e-
mails, and feel free to ping me again (more
generally, please do ping me if I forget about a
discussion — that also tends to happen when I’m not
on leave). During that time, I will be traveling to
Korea and Japan. If you live there and want to say
hello, please reach out! 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈
This month, Rose has continued working on wlroots
frame scheduling. After a fair amount of
discussion, she’s found a pretty_nice_API_design.
She still needs to address and cleanup a few
things, but that merge request is on a good track!
I’ve also merged a new API to embed a compositor
inside a Wayland client, and sent patches to remove
some cases where we were waiting for a reply from
Xwayland in a blocking fashion.
# ⚓ Sam_Thursfield:_Status_update,_17/08/2023⠀⇛
Hello!
As often, these are some thoughts without any grand
announcements to accompany them.
It’s just passed 5 years since I arrived in
Santiago de Compostela, without much of a plan, and
here I am. Summer a bit milder than last year which
is great as I have got really back into cycling
again. Compostela apparently has the highest ratio
of tourists to locals at the moment in all Spain –
1.3 visitors for every resident, its very
noticeable if you go to the old town. Meanwhile in
the UK even Conservative news outlets now recommend
leaving. I personally miss UK life but what I
really miss is the UK of 2013, before the last
decade of Conservative-led self destruction.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ E-readers,_and_feedback_from_Daniel_O’Connell⠀⇛
On Tuesday I talked about what I’d love to have in my
bag, in addition to what I currently cart around to
coffee shops and work:
My_daily_carry_in_2023
I mentioned I was interesed in e-readers:
Speaking of books, I’m reconsidering my stance on e-
readers. I tried also using my iPad Mini as a daily
reader, but its middling battery and weight lead me to
reconsider. I’m thinking probably a mid-sized Kobo with
enough resolution and storage for manga as well as books.
I tend to have a few books going at the same time, so
having one reader is brilliant.
o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Ugly_American_trucks⠀⇛
I just saw another one of these appear in Sydney. Or
should I say heard, because its engine and tyre noise
could be perceived from a block away before I saw it
park.
o ⚓ The_What,_How_and_Why⠀⇛
I’ve thought a bit about learning a skill. How to
progress. What the next steps are. This is probably
because I’ve moved away from what I thought I used to be,
career wise, to something else, and now I’m trying to
determine what I will do when I grow up.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ India_closes_in_on_Moon_landing_as
Russia_also_races_to_lunar_south_pole⠀⇛
Chandrayaan-3′s lander is scheduled to attempt a
touchdown on Aug 23.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Richmond’s_Experiment_to_Fight_Pandemic-Era
Learning_Loss⠀⇛
The scene outside Fairfield Court Elementary School
in Richmond, Virginia, at 7:40 last Thursday
morning was so festive that one might have assumed
it was the first day of school. Upbeat music blared
from a speaker on the sidewalk. Sgt. Edward R. Gore
II, the school’s “climate and culture specialist,”
the district’s term for its school resource
officers, opened his arms to the kindergartners and
first graders who came running toward him, as well
as to some who wavered. Also on hand to greet
children and parents was the principal, Angela
Wright.
But in fact, the first day of school was receding
in the distance: Fairfield Court was one of two
local schools that had started the year on July 24,
as part of a hotly contested trial: adding 20 days
to the customary 180, to help make up ground lost
after Richmond kept schools closed to in-person
learning for 18 months during the pandemic.
Families had only six weeks of summer vacation —
closer to the European norm than the American one —
before kids returned, and Wright and her staff were
doing everything they could to make early-August
school seem welcoming. Thus, the daily embraces and
music, with a track list chosen by Gore.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Measuring_Planck’s_Constant_(Again)⠀⇛
There are many well-known physical constants, but
it always interests us when someone can
approximately measure them using equipment you
probably have. We could pretend it is because we
want to help kids do science projects, but who are
we really kidding? It is just the cool factor.
[Stoppi] shows us several neat ways to measure
Planck’s constant (German language, Google
Translate link) using things like LEDs, solar
cells, and common test equipment. If you don’t want
to translate the web page, you can also see the
setup and the math behind it in the video below.
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Radeon_Pro_W7600_Black_Screen_Issues
Allegedly_Caused_by_Poorly_Designed_Cooling⠀⇛
Igor highlighted a quality control issue with AMD’s
new Radeon Pro W7600 single-slot graphics card,
which can cause the screen to blackout under heavy
use.
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ AMD_Radeon_GPU_Detective_Helps
Troubleshoot_GPU_Crashes⠀⇛
AMD launches Radeon GPU Detective (RGD) v1.0
software to analyze GPU crashes.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ New_COVID-19_Variant_Eg.5_Not_Yet_Found_in
Lebanon_or_Iran⠀⇛
The “Eris” variant has been detected in 48
countries to date. However, it does not lead to an
increased rate of complications.
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Jay_Bhattacharya_&_John_Vecchione:_Biden’s_Social
Media_Meddling_Was_Illegal⠀⇛
Plaintiffs in Missouri v. Biden allege that federal
pressure to remove and suppress COVID-19 material
on Facebook and Twitter violates the First
Amendment.
# ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ Is_this_the_REAL_reason_“Eris”_cases_are
spiking?⠀⇛
Eris – the most recent “Covid variant” – is
supposedly causing spikes in cases all over the
world. The story goes that England, Ireland and US
are all being hit hard, it’s reached Australia too.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ “Clean_air_centers”_are_sprouting_up,_but_can_they
help?⠀⇛
States, cities and counties across the country —
led by California — are setting up “clean air
centers,” where residents can find respite from
wildfire_smoke and other airborne_pollutants.
# ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ Inside_YouTube’s_new_“Medical_Misinformation
Policy”⠀⇛
Kit Knightly A few days ago YouTube amended their
Covid19 Misinformation policy, changing it so it
now applies to all things medical. The original
policy was put in place in the early days of the
pandemic, May 2020, and outlawed content in the
video sharing platform that “contradicted the WHO
or local health authorities” concerning…”
o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾
# ⚓ ECS_Vs._EKS:_5_Key_Differences_and_How_to_Choose [Ed: False
dichotomy. Two bad options, outsourcing too.]⠀⇛
While AWS ECS and EKS serve a similar purpose, they
have several fundamental differences. Here’s what
you should know.
# ⚓ PC Mag ☛ Microsoft_Finally_Realizes_Nobody_Wants_Its
Windows_11_Preinstalled_Bloatware [Ed: Nobody wants Vista 11
either, but Microsoft colludes with OEMs]⠀⇛
Windows 11 users will soon be able to remove more
of the bloatware that gets preinstalled with
Microsoft’s operating system.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Stealthy_‘LabRat’_Campaign_Abuses
TryCloudflare_to_Hide_Infrastructure⠀⇛
The ‘LabRat’ cryptomining and proxyjacking
operation relies on signature-based tools and
stealthy cross-platform malware, and abuses
TryCloudflare to hide its C&Cs.
# ⚓ IT Pro Today ☛ Linux_Malware:_What_To_Know_About_the
Malware_Threat⠀⇛
Although Linux offers security advantages, users
must remain vigilant against various forms of
malware and cyberattacks.
# ⚓ Security Boulevard ☛ A_Deep_Dive_into_CL0P_Ransomware [Ed:
Here too ransomware is predominantly a Windows problem, but
this Microsoft-connected site tries to associate it with
"Linux" ]⠀⇛
“Variants of CL0p were initially only found on
Windows systems, but the gang also developed a
Linux variant toward the end of 2022, reflecting
the diversity of endpoint operating systems used by
modern businesses. In an interesting, flawed
technical glitch, security researchers noted that
the Linux version’s encryption is easily reversible
using a simple decryptor.”
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ auDA_denies_breach_claimed_by_NoEscape_ransomware
group⠀⇛
“auDA was alerted to an alleged data breach this
afternoon,” the organisation said in a_statement.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ In_Other_News:_US_Hacking_China,_Unfixed
PowerShell_Gallery_Flaws,_Free_Train_Tickets⠀⇛
Weekly cybersecurity news roundup that provides a
summary of noteworthy stories that might have
slipped under the radar for the week of August 14,
2023.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Jenkins_Patches_High-Severity
Vulnerabilities_in_Multiple_Plugins⠀⇛
Jenkins has announced patches for high and medium-
severity vulnerabilities impacting several of the
open source automation tool’s plugins.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Companies_Respond_to_‘Downfall’_Intel_CPU
Vulnerability⠀⇛
Several major companies have published advisories
in response to the Downfall vulnerability affecting
Intel CPUs.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Federally_Insured_Credit_Unions_Required_to
Report_Cyber_Incidents_Within_3_Days⠀⇛
The National Credit Union Administration is
requiring all federally insured credit unions to
report cyber incidents within 72 hours of
discovery.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ CISA_Releases_Cyber_Defense_Plan_to_Reduce
RMM_Software_Risks⠀⇛
CISA has published a cyber defense plan outlining
strategies to help critical infrastructure
organizations reduce the risks associated with RMM
software.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Exploitation_of_Citrix_ShareFile
Vulnerability_Spikes_as_CISA_Issues_Warning⠀⇛
Exploitation of a Citrix ShareFile vulnerability
tracked as CVE-2023-24489 has spiked as CISA added
it to its ‘must patch’ catalog.
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Researchers_warn_of_new_mass-spreading
phishing_campaign_targeting_Zimbra_users⠀⇛
ecurity researchers at ESET s.r.o. today warned of
a new mass-spreading phishing campaign actively
targeting Zimbra account user credentials. First
detected in April, the ongoing campaign is
targeting a variety of small and medium businesses
and governmental entities.
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Cybersecurity_company_discovers_phishing
campaign_that_uses_malicious_QR_codes⠀⇛
A cybersecurity company has detected a phishing
campaign that uses malicious QR codes to try to
steal organizations’ data. Cofense Inc., the
Virginia-based email security provider that spotted
the campaign, detailed its findings in a Wednesday
blog post.
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ CISA_warns_that_hackers_are_actively
targeting_Citrix’s_ShareFile_platform⠀⇛
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security
Agency has determined that hackers are actively
launching cyberattacks against deployments of
Citrix Systems Inc.’s ShareFile platform. According
to CISA officials, the cyberattacks are exploiting
a ShareFile vulnerability tracked as CVE-2023-24489
that was publicly detailed last month.
# § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾
# ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Bots_Are_Better_than_Humans_at
Solving_CAPTCHAs⠀⇛
Interesting research: “An_Empirical_Study_&
Evaluation_of_Modern_CAPTCHAs“:
Abstract: For nearly two decades,
CAPTCHAS have been widely used as a
means of protection against bots.
Throughout the years, as their use
grew, techniques to defeat or
bypass CAPTCHAS have continued to
improve. Meanwhile, CAPTCHAS have
also evolved in terms of
sophistication and diversity,
becoming increasingly difficult to
solve for both bots (machines) and
humans. Given this long-standing
and still-ongoing arms race, it is
critical to investigate how long it
takes legitimate users to solve
modern CAPTCHAS, and how they are
perceived by those users…
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Terms-of-service_land_grab:_Tech_firms_seek
private_data_to_train_AI⠀⇛
Tech companies are confronting a challenge:
how to balance asking users for more data in
order to deliver new AI features without
scaring away privacy-conscious businesses and
consumers.
Why it matters: Consumersconsistently tell
pollsters they want transparency about when
AI is used and trained. But when companies
provide such detail, it’s often written in
legalese and buried in fine printthat is
often being rewritten to give tech companies
more rights.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ India_state_government_to_withdraw_student
criminal_cases_from_military_recruitment_scheme_protests⠀⇛
The Chief Minister of the Indian state of
Uttarakhand, Pushkar Singh Dhami, announced Tuesday
the withdrawal of cases filed against students
during 2022 anti-Agnipath protests.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Trump_cancels_press_conference_he_said_would_clear
him_in_Georgia_election_fraud_case⠀⇛
Former_President_Trump on Thursday canceled a press
conference he’d scheduled for next week at which he
said he’d present a report that would lead to his
“complete EXONERATION” in his Georgia election
interference case.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Hundreds_of_Syrian_trucks_trapped_at_Jordanian
border⠀⇛
Several hundred trucks bound for the Gulf states
have been trapped at the border between Syria and
Jordan since early August because of a new Saudi
law affecting cargo vehicles apparently aimed at
stemming the flow of the drug Captagon.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Intelligence_Agencies_Warn_Foreign_Spies
Are_Targeting_U.S._Space_Companies⠀⇛
U.S. officials say Chinese and Russian spy agencies
are trying to steal technology from private
American space companies and preparing cyberattacks
that could disable satellites in a conflict.
# ⚓ LRT ☛ Belarus_would_use_nuclear_weapons_in_case_of
‘aggression’,_says_Lukashenko⠀⇛
Belarus would use nuclear weapons in case of
“aggression”, the country’s authoritarian leader
Alexander Lukashenko said on Thursday. Russia sent
tactical nukes to Belarus in June. However, it’s
unclear if they have already been transported to
the country.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ UN_calls_for_peace_as_militia_violence_rages_in
Libya_capital⠀⇛
The UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) called for
an immediate end to the recent violence in Libya’s
capital Tripoli Tuesday.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Retired_party_school_professor_plotted_‘violent
attack,’_security_ministry_now_claims⠀⇛
The accusation is the latest example of a
propaganda drive to track down spies.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Rabaa_Massacre:_A_Decade_After_Egypt
Slaughtered_900+_Protesters,_No_One_Has_Been_Held_to
Account⠀⇛
As Egyptians mark the 10th anniversary of the Rabaa
massacre, we speak with human rights advocate
Hossam Bahgat about how the mass killing shaped the
country in the ensuing years. On August 14, 2013,
Egyptian security forces opened fire on a sit-in
where tens of thousands of people had camped out in
Cairo to protest the ouster of Egypt’s first
democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi of
the Muslim Brotherhood. An estimated 900 protesters
were killed, but no one has been held responsible
over the past 10 years. The minister of defense at
the time, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, has since risen to
the presidency, ruling Egypt for nearly a decade as
a close U.S. ally while jailing tens of thousands
of political prisoners. “The massacre established a
new normal” and inaugurated “a decade of shame,”
says Bahgat, founder and executive director of the
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, which has
obtained a leaked copy of a government report on
the massacre that implicated Egyptian authorities
in the mass killing and found most victims were
civilians.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Nagorno-Karabakh:_Armenia_Demands_End_to
Azerbaijan_Blockade_Amid_Accusations_of_Genocide⠀⇛
Armenia is calling on the United Nations Security
Council to address a worsening humanitarian crisis
in Nagorno-Karabakh, a region of Azerbaijan home to
ethnic Armenians that has been under a blockade for
eight months. Armenia and Azerbaijan have fought
multiple wars over the territory since the collapse
of the Soviet Union, most recently in 2020.
Azerbaijan closed the only road into the region in
December, severely restricting the movement of
food, medicine and other supplies for the roughly
120,000 people living there. “We cannot accept a
new Armenian genocide in 2023,” says Luis Moreno
Ocampo, the Argentine lawyer who served as the
first prosecutor of the International Criminal
Court. He issued a report earlier this month on the
blockade. We also speak with Anna Ohanyan,
professor of political science and international
relations at Stonehill College, who says Azerbaijan
is relying on “the use of hunger as a weapon” in
order not to engage politically with the largely
self-governing region of Nagorno-Karabakh.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ UN_Security_Council_Holds_Emergency_Meeting_On
Nagorno-Karabakh⠀⇛
A senior UN official told the United Nations
Security Council on August 16 that the delivery of
humanitarian relief to Nagorno-Karabakh by the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
must be allowed to resume through any available
routes.
# ⚓ Defence Web ☛ Bandits_in_Nigeria:_how_protection_payments
to_militias_escalate_conflict_in_the_north-west⠀⇛
North-western Nigeria has become increasingly
violent. This is due to the activities of militias,
known locally as “bandits”. These are loosely
organised armed groups, reportedly over 120
factions with 28 to 2,500 members. They are now
deadlier than the well-known Boko Haram, which
operates in north-eastern Nigeria. >
# ⚓ Defence Web ☛ African-led_peace_operations:_A_crucial_tool
for_peace_and_security⠀⇛
African-led peace operations have been vital tools
for managing Africa’s complex array of security
challenges, though continued reform is needed to
intervene more decisively in the continent’s most
devastating conflicts.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Media_Watchdog_Calls_For_‘Unconditional_Release’_Of
Afghan_Reporters_Detained_By_Taliban⠀⇛
International press freedom watchdog Reporters
Without Borders (RSF) has called for the release of
nine Afghan journalists arbitrarily arrested by
Taliban security forces this month.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ President_of_Ecuador_Denounced_for_Omission_in
Murder_Case⠀⇛
“…Carrillo also asks for the investigation of each
one of the officials and police personnel who were
in charge of the security of the presidential
candidate…”
# § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ UAV_crashes_into_Expocentre_pavilion_near
Moscow_City_towers._All_four_Moscow_airports_limit
traffic_temporarily_following_incident._—_Meduza⠀⇛
The Mayor of Moscow Sergey Sobyanin notified
Muscovites about a drone attack that took
place in downtown Moscow around 4 a.m. local
time on Friday morning. According to the
official, the UAV’s remnants fell near the
Expocentre convention space without causing
major damage or injuries to people.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Lithuania_denies_asylum_to_Belarusian_human
rights_defender,_Weimar_Prize_honoree_Olga_Karach.
Authorities_argue_threat_to_state_security._—_Meduza⠀⇛
Luthuania has denied an asylum request from
Olga Karach, a Belarusian human rights
advocate who currently lives in the country.
# ⚓ LRT ☛ Belarus_exiles_decry_growing_hostility_in
Lithuania⠀⇛
In a press conference in Vilnius on Friday,
Belarusian exiles spoke out against the
growing hostility toward Belarusians in the
country.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Head_of_Russia’s_Central_Election
Commission:_Russia_doesn’t_need_democracy_‘in_the
Western_sense’_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Democracy in the West is “rule not by the
majority, but by the minority,” says the
chair of Russia’s Central Election Commission
Ella Pamfilova. She adds that Russia doesn’t
need democracy in the Westerns sense of the
word.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_authorities_summon_nine-year-old_and
10-year-old_for_questioning_in_‘discreditation’_case
against_their_mother_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Authorities in Russia’s Arkhangelsk region
summoned a nine-year-old and a 10-year-old
for questioning as witnesses in a criminal
case against their mother, lawyer Lidia
Prudovskaya, who is charged with
“discrediting” the Russian army.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_Orthodox_Church_launches
investigation_into_priest_who_blessed_Stalin_statue_—
Meduza⠀⇛
The Russian Orthodox Church’s diocese in the
town of Velikiye Luki announced Friday that
it will investigate the actions of a priest
who blessed a new statue of Joseph Stalin at
the monument’s opening ceremony earlier this
week.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Moscow_court_rules_to_liquidate_Sakharov
Center,_one_of_Russia’s_oldest_human_rights_groups_—
Meduza⠀⇛
A Moscow judge has granted a request from the
Russian Justice Ministry to dissolve Sakharov
Center, one of the country’s oldest human
rights organizations.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Mom,_I_went_to_hell’:_A_disabled_Ukrainian
man_was_nearly_tortured_to_death_in_occupied_Melitopol.
Now_he’s_back_in_Russian_captivity._—_Meduza⠀⇛
As the war drags on, Russian soldiers are
continuing to abduct and torture civilians in
Ukraine’s occupied territories. One of these
civilians is Leonid Popov, a 22-year-old
Melitopol resident diagnosed with
schizophrenia. On April 24, 2023, after being
detained and tortured by occupation
authorities multiple times, Leonid
disappeared from his home. After three months
of imprisonment and abuse, he was transferred
to a hospital ward, where he was treated for
emaciation. Then, on August 2, Russian forces
told Leonid’s dad that he was being released
— but hours later, soldiers abducted him
again. Leonid’s mom recently told her son’s
story to journalists from the independent
outlet iStories. Meduza is sharing an
abridged, English-language adaptation of her
account.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia’s_Justice_Ministry_adds_writer_Linor
Goralik,_among_others,_to_list_of_‘foreign_agents’_—
Meduza⠀⇛
Russia’s Justice Ministry has updated its
register of “foreign agents” to include,
among others, Ukrainian SSR-born Israeli
writer Linor Goralik.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Pro-Kremlin_Ideologue_Urges_Tajik_Migrants_To
Embrace_Orthodoxy⠀⇛
Pro-Kremlin political analyst Aleksandr
Dugin, often seen as a spiritual influencer
of President Vladimir Putin, has suggested
that Tajik migrants consider embracing the
Russian language and Orthodox faith
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Biden_Administration_Extends_Temporary
Protected_Status_for_Ukrainians_in_the_United_States⠀⇛
This measure will enable Ukrainians in the US
to live and work here legally until April 19,
2025. It’s a step in the right direction, but
Congress still needs to pass an adjustment
act giving them permanent residency.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Ukraine_and_Romania_sign_accord_to
cooperate_on_grain_exports⠀⇛
Ukraine and neighbouring Romania signed an
agreement Friday to work together to boost
Kyiv’s export of grain through Romania after
Moscow broke off a key wartime shipping
agreement that allowed safe passage through
the Black Sea.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ UK_High_Court_denies_businessman’s_challenge
to_sanctions_imposed_over_Russia-Ukraine_war⠀⇛
Sanctioned businessman Eugene Shvidler lost
his attempt on Friday to overturn UK-imposed
sanctions at London’s High Court. In their
Friday ruling, the court found the sanctions
imposed on Shvidler following Russia’s
invasion of Ukraine to be lawful, disagreeing
with his position that they were
disproportionate and discriminatory.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Launches_Fresh_Drone_Strikes_On
Ukraine_As_Moscow_Says_Attack_On_Crimea_Repelled⠀⇛
Ukrainian air defense shot down 15 out of 17
Iranian Shahed drones that Russia used in its
latest overnight attack on Ukraine, the
military said on August 19, as Russia’s
Defense Ministry claimed that it had downed a
Ukrainian missile over Moscow-occupied
Crimea.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine_War_Casualties_Near_Half_a
Million,_U.S._Officials_Say⠀⇛
Ukraine and Russia have lost a staggering
number of troops as Kyiv’s counteroffensive
drags on. A lack of rapid medical care has
added to the toll.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ First_Ship_To_Use_Ukraine’s_Black_Sea
Corridor_Arrives_In_Istanbul⠀⇛
The Hong Kong-flagged container ship operated
by a German firm left the Ukrainian part of
the Black Sea on the evening of August 16,
several hours after leaving the southern port
of Odesa.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Russia-Ukraine_War:_Russia_Says
Ukrainian_Drone_Damaged_Building_in_Moscow’s_Financial
Center⠀⇛
Russia’s Defense Ministry claimed that its
air defenses intercepted the drone, which
then fell onto an exhibition center. Around
20 drones have targeted the Moscow region
since early July, according to the ministry.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Belief_or_Betrayal?_Ukraine’s
Conscientious_Objectors_Face_Hostility.⠀⇛
The option of “alternative service” vanished
after martial law was declared last year. But
some have refused to serve, and now face jail
time and skepticism about their motives.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Young_Children_Interrogated_By_FSB_Over
Mother’s_Alleged_Defamation_Of_Military⠀⇛
Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) has
interrogated two children — a 9-year-old girl
and a 10-year-old boy — while investigating a
criminal case related to their mother’s
alleged defamation of the Russian military.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukraine’s_Shakhtar_Donetsk_To_Play_Champions
League_Home_Games_In_Germany⠀⇛
Ukraine’s Shakhtar Donetsk soccer club will
play its home Champions League games in
Germany this season at the Volksparkstadion
in Hamburg.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukraine,_Romania_To_Ease_Border_Red_Tape
After_Russia’s_Withdrawal_From_Black_Sea_Grain_Deal⠀⇛
Romania has become a key transit point for
Ukrainian grain exports since Moscow scrapped
a deal allowing safe passage for vessels on
the Black Sea.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Biden_Administration_Sharply_Expands
Temporary_Status_For_Ukrainians_Already_In_U.S.⠀⇛
The Biden administration on August 18
announced a major expansion of temporary
legal status for Ukrainians living in the
United States, granting a reprieve for those
who fled Russia’s invasion.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Military_Says_Its_Troops_Continue
Push_To_Sever_Russia’s_Land_Bridge_To_Crimea⠀⇛
The Ukrainian military says its forces
continue to advance in the areas near the
cities of Melitopol and Berdyansk after
making gains on the southeastern front in
their attempt to drive toward the Sea of Azov
and cut off Russia’s land bridge to Ukraine’s
Crimean Peninsula.
# ⚓ Latvia ☛ Suspected_taxi-driving_Russian_spy_detained
by_Latvian_security_service⠀⇛
Latvia’s State Security Service (VDD) said
August 18 it had detained an individual on
suspicion of spying for Russia.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Limits_Powers_Of_Interpol_Claiming_Its
Actions_Have_Been_‘Unfriendly’⠀⇛
Russia’s Internal Affairs Ministry says it
has limited the authority of Interpol, the
world’s leading international law enforcement
organization.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Election_Monitor’s_Co-Leader_Ordered
Into_Pretrial_Detention⠀⇛
The Basmansky district court of Moscow said
on August 18 that the co-chairman of the
Golos movement, Grigory Melkonyants, has been
ordered into pretrial detention until October
17 on a charge of “running an undesirable
organization,” which carries a sentence of up
to six years in prison.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Bans_Entry_To_20_Moldovan_Officials
After_Chisinau_Expels_45_Russian_Diplomats⠀⇛
Russia has banned entry to 20 Moldovan
officials following Moldova’s “unfriendly”
decision to expel 45 Russian diplomats and
employees of the Russian Embassy.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Latest_North_Korean_missile
sparks_new_debate_over_possible_Russian_role⠀⇛
Russia’s Foreign Ministry did not immediately
respond to the new report.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ North_Koreans_under_‘reign_of
fear,’_starved_and_forced_to_work,_UN_hears⠀⇛
August 18, 2023 6:25 AM
The UN Security Council on Thursday took up
North Korea’s human rights record for the
first time in six years.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Following_Xi’s_lead?_Russia_takes_closer
look_at_Chinese_ideology.⠀⇛
Is Russia’s future aligned with China? Many
in Moscow think so, seeing the two countries’
visions aligning not just geopolitically, but
also ideologically – though it may cost
Russia considerably.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Powerful_Hurricane_Hilary_heads_for
Mexico’s_Baja._Rare_tropical_storm_watch_issued_for
California⠀⇛
Hurricane Hilary is churning off Mexico’s Pacific
coast as a powerful Category 4 storm threatening to
unleash torrential rains on the mudslide-prone
border city of Tijuana before heading into Southern
California as the first tropical storm there in 84
years. Forecasters warn the storm could cause
extreme flooding, mudslides and even tornadoes. No
tropical storm has made landfall in Southern
California since Sept. 25, 1939. The U.S. National
Hurricane Center says Hillary strengthened rapidly
early Friday then lost some steam in the afternoon,
with sustained winds falling from 145 mph to 130
mph. Nevertheless, it is forecast to still be a
hurricane when it nears Mexico’s Baja California
peninsula on Saturday night and will probably
approach California on Sunday as a tropical storm.
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Canadian_wildfires_force_over_50%_of_people
in_Northwest_Territories_to_evacuate⠀⇛
Historic wildfires have forced over 50% of
people living in Canada’s Northwest
Territories to evacuate this week and are
threatening multiple cities in British
Columbia’s third-largest metropolitan area.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ After_Canada_Starts_Taxing_News_Links,
Canadians_Are_Upset_That_They_Can’t_Follow_News_Of
Wildfires_On_Facebook⠀⇛
Let’s start from the basics here: if you tax
something, you will get less of it. That’s
how taxes work. If you want less of
something, you add a tax to it. In Canada,
some very, very clueless politicians (pushed
by the news media) passed a tax on Facebook
and Google linking to news. Both companies
have long made it clear that news is not a
revenue driver for either company, so
Canada’s decision to make it more expensive
basically priced both companies out of the
market, and both have announced a
discontinuation of links to news for Canadian
users.
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Fossil_Fuel_Companies_Ask_Hawaii_Supreme
Court_to_Dismiss_Honolulu’s_Climate_Case⠀⇛
As more than two dozen climate liability
lawsuits by state and local governments
against fossil fuel companies continue to
progress, a case brought by the city and
county of Honolulu could become the first to
put Big Oil on trial.
On Thursday, the Hawaii Supreme Court heard
arguments on an appeal by the defendants,
which include oil majors such as ExxonMobil
and Chevron, to dismiss the suit – a move
that a trial court rejected in March 2022.
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Volkswagen_de_México_reaches_agreement
with_union_on_8.1%_pay_raise⠀⇛
Workers at Volkswagen’s Puebla plant have called
off planned strike action after a successful
dialogue with the company.
# ⚓ WhichUK ☛ Banks_could_face_fines_if_people_can’t_access
cash_within_3_miles⠀⇛
More than 5,000 bank branches have closed since
2015
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Nasdaq_set_for_worst_month_of_2023_as_interest
rates_rise⠀⇛
Data: FactSet; Chart: Axios Visuals; Note: August
data is month to date, as of Aug. 17.
Rising interest rates have hammered tech-heavy
growth stocks in the last few months.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ In_China,_More_Single_Female_Home_Buyers,
Resisting_Sexist_Norms⠀⇛
The housing market in China is in turmoil. But more
and more women, facing a less equal society, are
buying their own homes in search of security.
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Public_Employee_Unions_Rule_California⠀⇛
Expect more strikes, fewer government services, and
more tax increases to pay for pension obligations.
# ⚓ Construction_workers’_strike_in_Tanzania_ends_with_gains⠀⇛
Workers of a Turkey-based company had been on a
strike in Tanzania for two weeks for their unpaid
wages.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Trump_trial:_How_to_safeguard_justice,_juries,
and_speech?⠀⇛
At a time of heightened threats against the
judiciary, some question the release of the names
of the Georgia grand jurors who indicted Donald
Trump.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Republicans_brace_for_Trump_cliffhanger_at_GOP
presidential_debate⠀⇛
Republican presidential candidates are facing the
distinct possibility that former President_Trump
will be absent from the debate stage next week, or
he’ll throw a curveball into the mix.
Driving the news:The New York Times reported on
Friday that Trump plans to skip the Aug. 23
Republican primary debate and instead sit for an
online interview with Tucker Carlson.
# ⚓ Defence Web ☛ Crime_still_unacceptably_high,_but_SA_records
a_decrease_in_murder_rate⠀⇛
Police Minister Bheki Cele says while there are
still unacceptably high crime levels, violent crime
levels are starting to show a decrease.
# ⚓ European Commission ☛ Macao:_EU_report_highlights_growing
emphasis_on_national_security_that_risks_undermining
fundamental_freedoms⠀⇛
European Commission Press release Brussels, 18 Aug
2023 The European Commission and the High
Representative have today adopted their 23rd annual
report to the European Parliament and the Council
on political and economic developments in the Macao
Special Administrative Region (SAR). This report
covers developments in 2022.
# ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Experts_react:_The_US-Japan-South_Korea
summit_was_‘historic.’_But_what_did_it_accomplish?⠀⇛
President Joe Biden, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida,
and President Yoon Suk Yeol set forward a common
security agenda at Camp David. Atlantic Council
experts share their insights on what’s next.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ US,_Japan_and_S._Korea_agree_to_reinforce
economic,_security_ties_at_Camp_David_summit⠀⇛
President Joe Biden and the leaders of Japan and
South Korea agreed Friday to expand security and
economic ties at a historic summit at the U.S.
presidential retreat of Camp David. Their meeting
and agreement come at a time that all three
countries are on an increasingly tense ledge in
their relations with China and North Korea.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S._Seals_Security_Pact_With_Japan_and
South_Korea_as_Threats_Loom⠀⇛
While the former president’s name appeared nowhere
in the communique issued by three leaders, one of
the subtexts was the possibility that he could
return to power in next year’s election and disrupt
ties with America’s two closest allies in the Indo-
Pacific region.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden’s_Camp_David_Summit_Is_a_Pivotal
Moment_for_Asian_Security⠀⇛
Biden must get Tokyo and Seoul to commit to long-
term unity in the face of security threats.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ U.S,_Japan_and_South_Korea_pledge_close_cooperation
at_historic_summit⠀⇛
In a historic summit Friday at Camp David,
President Biden and his counterparts from South
Korea and Japan announced_they_will strengthen
military cooperation and turn this first-ever
trilateral summit into an annual tradition.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Biden_to_ramp_up_three-way_Japan,_South_Korea
ties_in_sign_to_China⠀⇛
US President Joe Biden on Friday will announce new
security cooperation at a first-of-a-kind three-way
summit with the leaders of Japan and South Korea,
hoping to send a message of strength to China which
has already made clear its displeasure.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ North_Korea_blasted_at_UN_for_arms_buildup_while
people_suffer⠀⇛
North Korea was accused at the UN Security Council
Thursday of spending heavily on its nuclear arms
program while its people go hungry and lack basic
necessities.
# ⚓ Defence Web ☛ Relative_stability_in_the_SADC_region_–
Tshishekedi⠀⇛
The Southern African Development Community (SADC)
this week marked its own day with chair Felix
Tshisekedi pointing to “relatively stable peace and
security” in the bloc’s 16 member states.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_47:_Ex-district_councillor
says_his_views_on_vetoing_gov’t_funding_differed_from_his
party⠀⇛
An ex-Hong Kong district councillor standing trial
in the city’s largest national security case has
said that his views on voting down government
funding differed from his political party. Lee Yue-
shun, a member of the since-disbanded Civic Party,
took to the witness stand on Friday as the trial
entered its 109th day.
# § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
# ⚓ Linus_Tech_Tips_stops_video_production_after_posting
an_apology_video_amid_ongoing_controversy⠀⇛
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ With_new_rules,_China_seeks_to_stay
in_AI_race_while_maintaining_control_of_online_content⠀⇛
By Jing Xuan Teng China put into force this week
its newest regulations on artificial intelligence-
generated content, a watered-downed version of
stricter draft rules that seek to keep the country
in the AI race while maintaining firm censorship on
online content.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Jordan’s_King_Approves_Bill_That_Criminalizes
Online_Anonymity,_Publication_Of_Police_Officers_Names/
Photos⠀⇛
Jordan will never be mistaken for a human rights
haven. The State Department’s assessment of the
kingdom of Jordan’s human rights environment is, at
best, extremely dismal.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ Leader_of_prominent_Russian_election_monitor
arrested_ahead_of_regional_vote⠀⇛
In the latest iteration of Russia’s ongoing
crackdown on dissent, a Moscow court on Friday
ordered the detention of Grigory Melkonyants, co-
chair of independent election monitoring
organization Golos.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Kremlin_Critics_Piontkovsky,_Illarionov_Among
Latest_Additions_To_Russia’s_Foreign_Agent_List⠀⇛
The Russian Justice Ministry on August 18 added
seven more individuals to its foreign agents list,
including prominent Kremlin critics Andrei
Piontkovsky, Andrei Ilarionov, and Linor Goralik.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Puts_International_Criminal_Court_Prosecutor
On_Entry_Ban_List⠀⇛
Russia has banned entry to 54 British nationals,
including Karim Khan, the chief prosecutor of the
International Criminal Court (ICC), and journalists
from the BBC and other media outlets in response to
U.K. sanctions against its citizens and
enterprises, the Foreign Ministry said on August
18.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Canada_Imposes_Sanctions_On_Russian_Individuals,
Entities_Over_Human_Rights_Violations⠀⇛
Canada is imposing sanctions on 15 Russian
individuals and three entities in what Ottawa said
was a response to rising levels of human rights
violations and violence faced by political
opponents and critics in Russia.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ National_security_police_question
Hong_Kong_woman_over_alleged_links_to_wanted_activist_Nathan
Law_–_reports⠀⇛
Hong Kong national security police have taken away
a woman with reported links to a wanted activist
and ex-lawmaker for questioning, according to local
media – the latest move in authorities’
investigations of eight overseas pro-democracy
figures issued with arrest warrants and HK1 million
bounties.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Arrests_and_Road_Closures_As_Pashtun_Protesters_Try
To_Reach_Islamabad⠀⇛
The head of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) says
several members of the Pakistani human rights group
have been detained as they attempted to reach the
Supreme Court in Islamabad to demand that the state
protects their rights and ensure their security.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ Sweden_security_service_raises_terrorist_threat
level_amid_Quran_burnings⠀⇛
The Director General of the Swedish Security
Service raised the nation’s terrorist threat level
to its second-highest, according to a Thursday
press release from the Security Service.
o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Assange_Be_Weary:_The_Dangers_of_a_US_Plea
Deal⠀⇛
At every stage of its proceedings against Julian
Assange, the US Imperium has shown little by way of
tempering its vengeful impulses./p>
# ⚓ LRT ☛ Belarusian_Nobel_prize_nominee_denied_asylum_in
Lithuania⠀⇛
Olga Karach, head of the Nash Dom NGO (Our House)
nominated for the 2024 Nobel Peace Prize, was
deemed a threat to national security and denied
asylum in Lithuania.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ National_security_trial_of_Hong_Kong
media_mogul_Jimmy_Lai_to_be_delayed_again_to_December⠀⇛
A Hong Kong court has suggested postponing the
high-profile trial of pro-democracy media tycoon
Jimmy Lai once again to December, when one of the
handpicked judges is expected to have finished
presiding over another landmark national security
case involving 47 democrats.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Senegalese_opposition_leader_Ousmane_Sonko_in
intensive_care_after_hunger_strike⠀⇛
Opposition leader Ousmane Sonko, at the centre of a
crisis that has rocked Senegal ahead of
presidential elections, has been admitted to
intensive care after launching a hunger strike, his
lawyers said Thursday.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Families_crossing_U.S.-Mexico_border_in_near-record
numbers⠀⇛
Family members attempted to cross the U.S.-Mexico
border in July at the second-highest level on
record — with 70% of them crossing illegally,
according to new government data.
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ Dallas_cops_roar_with_laughter_after_disabled
military_vet_urinated_on_himself:_video⠀⇛
Four Dallas police officers are under investigation
after they were caught on video laughing about a
disabled military veteran who urinated on himself
when he was prohibited from using a restaurant
bathroom.
# ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Security_is_key_topic_addressed_by
opposition_candidates_at_forum⠀⇛
The three aspirants to lead the Broad Front for
Mexico in 2024 debated national security and crime
in Durango on Thursday night.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Michael_Jackson_sexual_abuse
lawsuits_revived_by_appeals_court⠀⇛
A California appeals court has revived lawsuits
from two men who allege Michael Jackson sexually
abused them when they were boys. California’s 2nd
District Court of Appeal finds Friday that the
lawsuits of Wade Robson and James Safechuck should
not have been dismissed by a lower court. The
judges say the men can legally claim that workers
for the two Jackson-owned corporations named as
defendants in the cases had a responsibility to
protect them. Attorneys for the estate of the late
pop star say the allegations were untrue, and that
it did not make legal sense for Jackson’s own
employees to be expected to protect children from
their boss.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Tedium ☛ Magalogs_&_Mailboxes⠀⇛
Once upon a time, before the internet, there were
attempts to combine magazines and catalogs
together. The weird part? For a while, it worked!
o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Netflix’s_Foray_Into_Video_Game_Streaming_Is
Getting_Slightly_More_Interesting⠀⇛
As a writer of opinion pieces, sometimes you go
hard in the paint and the result isn’t precisely
what you expected. Almost exactly two years ago, I
wrote about Netflix’s announced decision to dip its
toe into the video game market. At that point, word
had gotten out about it all, though that word can
be summed up as vague and without any real
specifics as to what any of it meant. As a result,
because this was also the era of several other
players starting to talk about video game
streaming, a la Google’s Stadia product, there had
been a bunch of speculation that Netflix was going
to get into the game-streaming business as well.
Instead, the whole thing turned out to be Netflix
developing a few mobile device games that mostly
dovetailed with other Netflix properties, such as
Stranger Things. It was a big yawn and I wasn’t
exactly kind to Netflix about the plan.
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# § Trademarks⠀➾
# ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ “WHEN_THERE_ARE_NINE”_Fails_to_Function
as_a_Source_Indicator_for_Scholarship_Services,_Says
TTAB⠀⇛
The Board affirmed a failure-to-function
refusal to register WHEN THERE ARE NINE, in
standard character form, as a service mark
for “providing educational scholarships.” The
Board found that the proposed mark “would be
perceived by consumers as a widely used
phrase showing support of Justice Ginsburg
and women in the legal profession and thus,
merely informational in nature rather than a
source-indicator of Applicant’s service.” In
re_Federal_Bar_Foundation, Serial No.
90525583 (August 16, 2023) [not precedential]
(Opinion by Judge Wendy Boldt Cohen).
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ DC_District_Court:_AI-
Created_Works_Ineligible_for_Copyright⠀⇛
The case centers around an image generated by
an AI system called the Creativity Machine,
which the system’s owner Stephen Thaler
attempted to register with the U.S. Copyright
Office. Dr. Thaler is the same individual who
unsuccessfully attempted to protect and
invention created by a separate machine that
he had titled DABUS.
In this case, Thaler listed the Creativity
Machine as the author and designated the work
as created autonomously by the AI, with
ownership transferring to himself as the
owner and creator of the machine. The
Copyright Office denied the registration
application on the grounds that copyright law
requires human authorship. Thaler challenged
the rejection in court, but Judge Howell
upheld the Copyright Office’s decision.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3103
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✐ Germini_Links_19/08/2023:_Missing_Physical_Buttons_on_Electronics⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 5:55 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
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§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ The_ridiculousness_of_80′s_crime_dramas⠀⇛
It’s 11pm on a Friday, the kids are in bed and the
wife is playing video games. All caught up on TV
shows and MST3k on Pluto is playing an episode I
don’t really care for. So I start digging around
their on-demand selection. Score, classic MacGyver.
I was always a fan of 80′s shows like that.
MacGyver, Magnum PI, Murder She Wrote. But boy were
their setups crazy.
One thing I never quite got about Murder, She Wrote
was that the protagonist, Jessica Fletcher, was
constantly getting involved in murders. Everywhere
she went some cousin or nephew was doing some
interesting thing she had to go see and boom,
someone was killed. Not just once or twice. Over
264 murders (assuming at least one murder per
episode). And yet in over a decade with a death
toll of a small town no one ever called the FBI.
Every once in a while a detective objected to her
helping due to her just being an author, and even
fewer thought twice about the fact death followed
her around. No one really stopped and said it was
ridiculous to assume she just happened to stumble
upon so many murders. Cases for serial killers
started with less of a trail.
# ⚓ The_ridiculousness_of_80′s_crime_dramas⠀⇛
# ⚓ Dungeon_Fantasy:_Monster_Seeds⠀⇛
I was glad to get my physical copy a while ago.
Having now looked over it, I think it did exactly
what it set out to do, gather the various Monster
Seeds for the original Dungeon Fantasy Monsters
developed and published in various places during
the Kickstarter for Dungeon Fantasy 2 in one place,
something that hadn’t been done before. So far, so
good.
# ⚓ Filleting_and_the_circle_that_doesn’t_hide_anything⠀⇛
Oftentimes, if you watch a lot of anime or manga,
you may see references or outright cameos of
objects (including living things) from another
story or a media franchise.
Consider, for example, this series of tweets about
the strangest school in the world in terms of the
proclivities for the teachers (and the head
teacher!) seemingly bursting into cosplay at a
moment’s notice.
# ⚓ Numberstation!⠀⇛
I was once sitting in a nice, comfy position and
thought: Heck yeah, let’s do an internet radio
station that only plays numbers that are spoken
with espeak! Yeah, that’s a great idea! Anyway,
this was also an experiment on how many radio
directory sites I could get into.
# ⚓ learnding⠀⇛
do you ever want to learn something but your brain
is just NOT playing ball?
i sat down to learn the ropes of Dwarf Fortress
earlier. i did the tiny little interactive tutorial
but there’s so much more i gotta learn about in the
help section. i could just dive in and try to learn
it from scratch but i know i’m not gonna enjoy that
lmao
it’s dumb coz it is ABSOLUTELY a game i know i’m
gonna enjoy when i eventually do learn how to play.
i might just take it baby steps, just go through a
new help section every day or so?
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Improving_mental_health_with_software_🧠💻⠀⇛
I started thinking I was depressed when I had
“suicidal ideation” at railway stations. Among my
responses was to want to know how bad things were,
and so I started to gather stats. Every day, at
about bed time, a thing pops up on my laptop to ask
me to rate my day on a scale from -10 to +10. I
don’t have a clear idea what the numbers mean, but
it feels like I use them fairly consistently. And
I’m not doing science, so I can be as arbitrary as
I like.
It feels like a positive, sensible thing to
consider how I am. Emotional state can seem
overwhelming, but assigning a number requires a
moment of contemplative calmness. I noticed that
there was a lot of fluctuation. Some of the time
life was grim, but some of the time I was ok. Good
– I found out something from doing this. The
badness always ends. Seems trite, but it’s backed
up with stats!
# ⚓ I_Miss_Physical_Buttons_on_Electronics⠀⇛
I just snagged a Sony PRS-650 ereader off Kijiji
for $20 and I’m over the damn moon. It’s in
incredible condition, works like a dream, and the
battery is still rock solid. It’s an older device
(released around 2011 I believe), yet it has all
the functionality I need from an ereader in 2023.
There is one feature of this incredible device that
I would like to focus on. Along the bottom of the
screen there are physical buttons for page turning,
home, zoom, and options.
# ⚓ Bought_a_new_3DS_LL_(JPN)⠀⇛
I bought a new Japanese 3DS LL off ebay so I could
resume playing my various Japanese 3DS games. In
large part, this is so I can play Fantasy Life to
tide me over until the Nintendo Switch release of
Fantasy Life i. But it’s also so that I’ll have a
working console as they become less and less easily
obtained over the coming years.
I have had two USA 3DS XL. An original 3DS XL with
a bad motherboard and a New 3DS XL with glitchy
shoulder buttons. I didn’t want to do surgery on
the USA one until I better understood the situation
with the eShop and whether all of my downloaded
titles were going to disappear. I can put up with
being able to play most of them in a diminished
capacity, but if I could play none of them with a
fully working unit I would have been sad.
# ⚓ Hardware_Showcase:_Tello⠀⇛
I’ve had drones for a long time—maybe ten years.
Along with VR and 3D printing, drones fall for me
into the “living in the future” category—they’re
tech that was fun to imagine, and now you can
actually buy it.
So I did: I had a few Nano QX drones from Horizon.
They were cheap even back then, around 120CHF if I
remember correctly, and they now seem to sell for
about 80CHF. They were fun: reasonably easy to
control, very nimble, a lot of fun to fly. I used
to take them into the office and we’d take turns to
fly them in a basement corridor adjacent to the
underground parking lot.
# ⚓ v_everywhere_almost⠀⇛
### gnu/linux of the debian 12 variety
# ⚓ Inkscape_Countersheets_Extension_3.1⠀⇛
I just tagged the current version of my Inkscape
Countersheets Extension on GitHub as release 3.1,
since I recently got some help to make it not crash
in recent versions of Inkscape and I thought it was
good to make an official release at this point even
if there has not been many major other changes. It
is sad that the state of software “engineering” is
such that backwards compatibility is a dying
concept and that we keep inflicting “software rot”
on each other like this, but in the ~15 years
history of my Inkscape extensions most of the time
I spent on it has basically been this kind of
wasted work just to keep up with Inkscape API
changes. There are a few neat new features though,
mostly also contributed by others, so it is not all
wasted.
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Re:_Why_you_no_BBS?⠀⇛
And same can be said for Station, Geddit etc.
And I’m not into it.
I just don’t like making silo accounts all
over the place.
I’ve had a few Reddit accounts, and accounts
on Discourse or Vanilla sites like Story-
Games, and the big bad evil elephant in the
room called BoardGameGeek, but I’m not happy
about it.
# ⚓ Giving_Up_a_Static_IP⠀⇛
Ever since it was first launched, I’ve hosted
Rob’s Gemini Capsule on a local machine from
my home Internet connection. Yesterday,
almost two and a half years later, I decided
to move the capsule to AWS.
It was a tough decision, primarily because of
my stance on digital autonomy. I believe in
the right to establish one’s own presence in
cyberspace however one wishes, including
entirely on one’s own terms. I’ve exercised
that right for years by insisting on a static
IP address for my home Internet connection
and hosting my own services from there.
However, at our new house, we have to
subscribe to a business Internet plan to get
a static IP and CPE bridging in our ISP’s
infrastructure for opening ports. That
increased our monthly Internet by $50, and
since I only host a Gemini capsule right now,
I was essentially paying $50 a month just for
Gemini hosting. I was willing to pay the
extra cost for future flexibility, but in
recent weeks we’ve entered a period of tight
finances, and it became necessary to migrate
the capsule in order to save money.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3407
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_19/08/2023:_Openwashing_Backlash_and_More_Preloaded_GNU/Linux⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 6:19 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Server
o Kernel_Space
o Graphics_Stack
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o Games
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Devices/Embedded
o Open_Hardware/Modding
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o SaaS/Back_End/Databases
o Programming/Development
* Leftovers
o Science
o Education
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
o Pseudo-Open_Source
# Openwashing
o Security
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
# Overpopulation
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM)
o Monopolies
# Copyrights
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Star_Labs_reveal_their_new_StarLite,_a
Surface-like_Linux_tablet⠀⇛
In the market for a new laptop or perhaps a
Microsoft Surface-like tablet style system? Well,
Star Labs have turned their StarLite laptop into a
tablet. I have to admit, I love the form factor on
this giving you the best of both worlds. You get a
sweet fully Linux supported tablet, and you can
hook it up to a magnetic keyboard to get a full
laptop experience too.
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ StarLite_Mk_V_2-in-1_Linux_hybrid_laptop
features_Processor_N200_processor⠀⇛
Just last month, Star Labs introduced the Byte Mk
II Intel Processor N200-based mini PC with a choice
of Linux distributions that include Ubuntu 22.04,
Linux Mint, Manjaro, Zorin OS, and others, as well
as Coreboot support.
The company has now introduced another Linux
hardware platform powered by the Processor N200
Alder-Lake-N CPU with the StarLite Mk V 2-in-
1 hybrid laptop with a 12.6-inch tablet and a
detachable keyboard available in six different
layouts.
# ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ StarLite_5_Is_a_Linux_Tablet_Powered_by_Intel
Alder_Lake_N200
⠀⇛
Star Labs stands out as a visionary company with an
unwavering focus on Linux-powered solutions. Guided
by a passion for open-source principles, the
company empowers users to embrace customization,
security, and performance through its diverse
lineup of devices.
As the demand for versatile and Linux-powered
tablets continues to rise, the StarLite 5 steps
onto the stage with a bold statement of intent.
Combining the flexibility and customization options
of the Linux operating system with the sheer
horsepower of the Intel N200 CPU, the StarLite 5
tablet promises an experience that caters to both
casual users and tech enthusiasts alike.
# ⚓ Liliputing ☛ StarLite_Mk_V_is_a_Linux_tablet_with_Intel
N200,_16GB_RAM_and_a_keyboard_cover⠀⇛
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ Containerizing_Legacy_Apps_Speeds_Cloud_Migration [Ed:
"Clown Migration" should not be the goal; outsourcing cargo
cult (letting few companies and usually one country control
the world's computing)]⠀⇛
Many cloud platform providers are collaborating
with customers to transition applications from data
centers using containerization.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ Video Cardz ☛ AMD_started_working_on_Ryzen_8000_APUs_GPU
drivers_for_Linux⠀⇛
As reported by Phoronix, AMD has begun deployment
of the next-gen GPU architecture which is now
officially called GFX 11.5. This architecture is
likely to be the initial indication of the
forthcoming RDNA 3.5 (or Navi 3.5) GPU series,
which is scheduled to commence next year.
o § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Recent_NVIDIA_drivers_are_causing_issues
for_Proton⠀⇛
Have you been seeing some problems with the NVIDIA
535 driver series when trying to run Steam games on
Linux with Proton? Well, you’re not alone but
investigations are under way. Here’s what’s
happening.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ File_Shredder:_Safeguard_Your_Data_with_Secure
Deletion_on_Linux⠀⇛
When you delete any file from any operating system
(Linux, Windows, etc.), the story isn’t as simple
as it seems. The operating system doesn’t
immediately delete the data; instead, it marks the
space on your hard drive as available and removes
the file from the directory structure.
This means that, until overwritten, the actual data
remains on your disk. This leaves room for
potential security breaches, as determined actors
could recover seemingly deleted files and gain
access to sensitive information.
Well, you need to take advantage of software such
as “File Shredder”, which manually replaces the 1s
and 0s on your disk to completely remove the data
forever.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ OBS_Studio_30.0_Beta_1_released_supporting
Intel_QSV_on_Linux⠀⇛
The free and open source video recording and
livestreaming app OBS Studio is readying up another
release, with OBS Studio 30.0 Beta 1 now available
for testing.
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ The_5_Best_Linux_Tools_for_Directory
Bursting⠀⇛
In the reconnaissance stage of every web
application pentest, it is essential to find
possible directories on the application. These
directories might hold significant information and
findings that would help you greatly to find
vulnerabilities in the application and improve its
security.
Luckily, there are tools on the internet that make
directory brute-forcing easier, automated, and
faster. Here are five directory-bursting tools on
Linux to enumerate hidden directories on a web
application.
# ⚓ Fedora Magazine ☛ TransFLAC:_Convert_FLAC_to_lossy
formats⠀⇛
FLAC, or Free Lossless Audio Codec, is a lossless
audio compression format that preserves all the
original audio data. This means that FLAC files can
be decoded to an identical copy of the original
audio file, without any loss in quality. However,
lossless compression typically results in larger
file sizes than lossy compression, which is why a
method to convert FLAC to lossy formats is
desirable. This is where TransFLAC can help.
FLAC is a popular format for archiving digital
audio files, as well as for storing music
collections on home computers. It is also becoming
increasingly common for music streaming services to
offer FLAC as an option for high-quality audio.
For portable devices, where storage space is
limited, lossy audio formats such as MP3, AAC, and
OGG Vorbis are often used. These formats can
achieve much smaller file sizes than lossless
formats, while still providing good sound quality.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Monitor_Network_Usage_for_Processes_on
Linux⠀⇛
Internet access is essential, but you may wonder
which Linux processes use your connection the most
on your computer. Fortunately, with some common
Linux utilities, monitoring which processes use
your bandwidth is easy. Here are some of them:
# ⚓ Terence Eden ☛ My_Underkill_Home_Network⠀⇛
There’s an absolutely delightfully bonkers post
doing the rounds called “My Overkill Home Network”
– which is a look into what happens when a computer
geek goes feral and stuffs as many Internet
connected thingamajigs in a living space. We’re
talking professional grade, rack mounted, doubly
redundant, over-specced, equipment. Overkill is
underselling it.
I wondered how my home network looked in
comparison. A few years ago I was complaining that
routers which limit users to 128 WiFi devices
weren’t suitable for the average family. I’m not
quite at that many IP addresses – but I’m closing
in.
So, here’s my attempt to map my network – with a
splash of colour to explain the different protocols
at play.
# ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ Zypper_Command_Examples:_A_Beginner’s_Guide_to
the_SUSE_Linux_Package_Manager⠀⇛
Zypper is a powerful command-line package manager
for SUSE and openSUSE Linux. It can be used to
install, update, remove, and manage packages on
your system. Zypper also provides features for
managing repositories, resolving dependencies, and
checking for security updates. This detailed guide
presents a curated list of 16 useful Zypper Linux
command examples for efficient package management
in SUSE Linux operating system.
# ⚓ Linux Handbook ☛ Schedule_a_Shutdown_in_Linux_Command
Line⠀⇛
Got to shut down the Linux system but have to wait
for a process to finish?
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Get_a_bunch_of_building_and_management_sims
in_this_fresh_Humble_Bundle⠀⇛
Another interesting looking set of games is live
with the If You Build It – Cities & More Bundle. So
here’s your usual run over compatibility on desktop
Linux and Steam Deck.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ No_Man’s_Sky_has_a_teaser_for_the_‘Echoes’
update_to_celebrate_7_years⠀⇛
Coming soon they say, a fresh big update to No
Man’s Sky is on the way and they’re celebrating 7
years since the release with a new video. Teasing
the ECHOES update, the trailer doesn’t really give
any proper hints as to what it will be, as it’s
going over the 7 year free update cycle.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ No_sound_in_War_Thunder_on_Linux?_Here’s_a
potential_solution⠀⇛
War Thunder is a game I enjoy playing with friends
quite a lot, and after recently Linux distro
hopping from Fedora to openSUSE and then back to
the safety of Kubuntu – my sound in War Thunder
wouldn’t work. But I have a potential solution for
you that worked for me.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ SteamVR_Beta_gets_some_improvements_for
Linux⠀⇛
Valve has pushed out a fresh SteamVR Beta, and it
seems they’ve begun cleaning up the Linux side of
it that’s had some issues plaguing it recently.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Fallout_4:_Game_of_the_Year_Edition_gets_a
GOG_release_and_75%_off⠀⇛
Good news for fans of DRM free gaming and GOG store
users, as Fallout 4: Game of the Year Edition is
now available although it doesn’t support Creation
Club.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Nate Graham ☛ This_week_in_KDE:_Double-click_by
default⠀⇛
This was a week of huge changes and
improvements, starting with our headliner!
Yes it’s true, by default in Plasma 6, you’ll
single-click to select files and folders, and
double-click to open them. The patches have
now landed, done by me. This remains user-
configurable, of course.
But there’s a whole lot more to talk about as
well! This is gonna be a big one…
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ ROS Industrial ☛ 10th_Meeting_of_the_ROS-Industrial_Consortium
Americas_highlights_reaffirming_of_the_mission⠀⇛
On May 25 in Detroit the ROS-Industrial Consortium
Americas (RICA) held the 10th iteration of the annual
meeting, where Consortium members can get together, learn
from each other, assess the state of the ROS-Industrial
open-source project and provide feedback and engage in
guided discussions, all with the intent of providing a
two way interaction to understand the state and
happenings relative to ROS-I and to provide their needs
and areas for improvement.
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ 3_ways_the_oc_command_helps_you_take
command_of_the_cloud⠀⇛
“The cloud” is an evocative name, but to anyone
used to bare metal servers or desktop workstations,
it is a painful reminder of the intangibility of a
strange new computing environment. The cloud isn’t
a singular thing you can pick up and take back to
your workshop; there’s no hard drive or even a real
CPU, at least not in the sense that you can pry
open to upgrade or troubleshoot.
If that sounds familiar, you might want to try the
oc command, which provides a simple and singular
interface from your workstation to your cluster.
Here are three ways the oc command helps you take
control of your cloud-based computer, whether
you’re running Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS
(ROSA) or Red Hat OpenShift Local.
# ⚓ What’s_New_and_Next_in_Private_Automation_Hub⠀⇛
Private automation hub is on its way to being the
content management system for the Ansible
Automation Platform through enhancing software
supply chain security, organizing & synchronizing
content, task management, and more. Check out
what’s new and next.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Better_securing_the_frontlines:
Leveraging_Ansible_Automation_Platform_and_AIDE_for_DoD_file
integrity⠀⇛
A lot of system administrators within the
Department of Defense already use the Advanced
Intrusion Detection Environment (AIDE). This is
mainly because of a Security Technical
Implementation Guide (STIG) that states that a file
integrity checker must be configured to verify
extended file attributes. There are a lot of
features to AIDE, and the combination of using AIDE
with Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform gives you
the ability to automate important corrections to
your system configuration.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ 10_Linux_commands_for_Red_Hat_OpenShift
Service_on_AWS_users⠀⇛
Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat OpenShift
provide users and admins with a friendly graphical
UI for easier cloud management. But even with a
clear UI, if you’re running applications in the
cloud, there’s a good chance Red Hat OpenShift
Service on AWS (ROSA) users can benefit from
knowing some essential Linux commands.
Running a command in a terminal is fast and direct.
It lets you communicate exactly what you want to
happen, in one succinct sentence. There are
hundreds of commands on a typical Linux system
though, so here are 10 of the most important
commands ROSA users need to know.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ KPMG_improves_outcomes_for_state_citizen
services_through_a_modern_systems_integration_platform⠀⇛
KPMG built the KPMG Resource Integration Suite
(KRIS) Connected Platform for the State of
Tennessee Department of Human Services (TDHS) to
help serve citizens most in need—and to do that
fast. KRIS connects siloed monolithic legacy
information systems that support citizen support
services such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
(SNAP), Temporary Assistance for Needy Family
(TANF), and Low-Income Home Energy Assistance
(LIHEAP). These services were previously fragmented
and only accessible via individual offices.
The citizen services provided by TDHS were
fragmented, and citizens had to visit different
websites to access each individual service. TDHS
wanted to give its residents faster access to its
services in one place, and make them more
comprehensive. It also decided to make new
engagement channels available to residents
including virtual, online, and remote services.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Why_choose_Red_Hat_OpenShift_Service_on
AWS?⠀⇛
You know you need to move to the cloud, but do you
know why you need to move to the cloud?
You might (rightly) feel some skepticism about
moving to a new platform just because it’s grabbed
the attention of the tech world, and it doesn’t
help that there are so many platforms to choose
from. You should question a move to the cloud.
That’s not only the sensible thing to do, it’s the
responsible thing to do.
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Behind_Ubuntu_Budgie_Infrastructure⠀⇛
Making and maintaining a distribution, be it an
independent distro or a flavor of a bigger one,
such as Ubuntu Budgie, requires a good
infrastructure setup to make sure that everything
is reliable and functioning like a well oiled
machine.
In case of a Ubuntu Budgie, we made sure to make a
setup that is both easy to use and sturdy. The
first step, the most visible part is this website
that you are currently reading this post on. The
website itself is powered by a WordPress
installation. There were a lot of discussions on
what to use for our website among the team, ranging
from custom CMS, static HTML, Grav and other CMS
(Content Management System).
Most of the posts are written in Markdown that is
then converted to HTML when publishing a post. Some
of you may be wondering why Markdown as choice,
doesn’t WordPress use WYSIWYG (What you see is what
you get) editor? While this is true, markdown
allows us to be lean and write from anywhere and at
any time and just get text ready for publishing.
There is no need to login and start writing from a
browser. We can write a post from a code editor and
then copy/paste. Other parts of the website however
are managed using WYSIWYG editor, such as Downloads
page, About us, etc.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ TouchOSC_Is_Now_Available_Cross-Platform_For_Android,_Linux
–_Selector⠀⇛
After a major next-generation update, TouchOSC now
works cross-platform with Android, Linux, Raspberry
Pi devices and Wacom tablets.
Once exclusively for Apple iOS, version 1.2.2 of
the OSC-based controller app works with “all major
operating systems and architecture, and the full
feature set is available across all versions,”
according to their website.
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ James_Bruton_builds_a_real_Zelda_Stabilizer_Zonai
Device⠀⇛
The central gimmick of the new Legend of Zelda:
Tears of the Kingdom game is the construction
system, which is a lot of fun. You can fuse simple
objects to build structures, but you can also add
Zonai Devices to increase their functionality.
# ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ Bootlin_offers_Embedded_Linux_course_for
BeaglePlay⠀⇛
Bootlin recently released free and paid resources
for the open-source BeaglePlay development board
which was launched this year. The course goes over
various Embedded Linux topics and targets hobbyists
and professionals.
# ⚓ Adafruit ☛ Bootlin_offers_open_source_embedded_Linux
training_on_BeaglePlay⠀⇛
Bootlin is an engineering company specialized in
embedded Linux. BeagleBoard.org is a US-based non-
profit organization releasing open source Linux-
enabled open source single board computer (SBC)
designs, including BeaglePlay, a quad-core low-
power Linux SBC optimized for long-range network
connections and simple sensor additions with
mikroBUS, QWIIC/STEMMA-QT and Grove connectors.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Andrew Hutchings ☛ Amiga_4000_Restoration_x2:_Part_7⠀⇛
I last left the motherboard with one more repair to
make. In the background, some new parts have been
3D printing, whilst others have been cleaned and
retrobrighted. Let’s continue!
# ⚓ Hackster ☛ Zhou_Xu’s_Blackberry_Pi_Is_a_ZX_Spectrum-Themed
Raspberry_Pi-Powered_3D-Printed_Linux_Handheld⠀⇛
As a result, the Blackberry Pi is driven by a
first-generation Raspberry Pi Zero W, a low-power
single-board computer nevertheless powerful enough
to run a desktop Linux environment, connected to a
Gearbest 320×240 color LCD. Beneath the display is
a Solder Party BBQ20KBD, which converts old
BlackBerry keyboards and trackpads for use with
other devices — over USB, Qwiic/STEMMA QT, and PMOD
connectors.
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾
# ⚓ EnterpriseDB_Extends_Kubernetes_Alliance_for_Postgres_With
Google⠀⇛
EnterpriseDB expands its Google alliance with an
open source Postgres database provided on the
Google Kubernetes Engine cloud service.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ A_summer_of_catching_up⠀⇛
The feeling of this summer is one of catching up.
Last summer was intense due to changes in the
family followed by decease and death, leaving with
me as a full time single parent. To my great joy,
I’ve met someone who is special to me, so this
summer has been about getting our families to work
as one. It has been fun, but also very intense.
This means that my focus on engagements that I used
to do has been very focused on deadlines and what
must be done, rather than what I take pleasure in
doing. That means economic reporting for foss-north
and such. I pushed hard to make foss-north possible
this year, and am very happy that it did. However,
I’m still catching up in the post event activities.
# ⚓ Andrew Healey ☛ Porting_Boolrule_To_Rust⠀⇛
Building this port was harder than I predicted. I
had to learn a parsing library, work out how the
lesser-used operators of boolrule work, and look
into how Python evaluates tuple comparisons. For
example, assert (1, print) < (2, None) is valid,
non-erroring, Python code. The the tuples stop
being compared after the first index – it’s True.
# ⚓ Rlang ☛ Exploring_Data_Distribution_with_Box_Plots_in_R⠀⇛
Are you ready to dive into the world of data
visualization in R? One powerful tool at your
disposal is the box plot, also known as a box-and-
whisker plot. This versatile chart can help you
understand the distribution of your data and
identify potential outliers. In this blog post,
we’ll walk you through the process of creating box
plots using R’s ggplot2 package, using the
airquality dataset as an example. Whether you’re a
beginner or an experienced R programmer, you’ll
find something valuable here.
# ⚓ Russ Cox ☛ C_and_C++_Prioritize_Performance_over
Correctness⠀⇛
The original ANSI C standard, C89, introduced the
concept of “undefined behavior,” which was used
both to describe the effect of outright bugs like
accessing memory in a freed object and also to
capture the fact that existing implementations
differed about handling certain aspects of the
language, including use of uninitialized values,
signed integer overflow, and null pointer handling.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ A_closer_look_at_Harvard_and_Google’s_HPC
heart_research_project⠀⇛
Google is working with Harvard University on a
medical research program using public cloud
resources rather than a supercomputer to run very
large scale simulations..
The research in question involves simulations for a
novel approach to unclogging arteries in tackling
heart disease. The complexity of the simulations
and the amount of data they requires tons of
compute. So much, in fact, that only a few
supercomputers in the world would be suitable.
Getting access to these supers for large-scale
research can be difficult, but the program will
highlight how cloud resources can be used instead.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Chronicle Of Higher Education ☛ Scholars_See_Dangerous
Precedent_in_West_Virginia_U.’s_Plan_to_Cut_Foreign
Languages⠀⇛
“It never occurred to me that at this point in my
career, after having invested so much time in a
university I love and of which I’m an alum, that I
would have to find some other means of supporting
myself,” said Di Bartolomeo, who arrived at WVU in
2005.
Blowback to the university’s decision rippled
across academe. L.J. Randolph Jr., president-elect
of ACTFL, pointed out that West Virginia’s mission
statement, like that of many universities, gestures
at its “global” aspirations. “How can you claim
that this is part of your mission,” he said, “if
you don’t have a language program?”
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Broadband Breakfast ☛ Nokia_Claims_First_U.S.-Based_Optical
Fiber_Module_Manufacturer_for_BEAD_Projects⠀⇛
Requirements under the Infrastructure, Investment
and Jobs Act’s BEAD program state that program
recipients must source at least 55 percent of their
components by cost from the United States, either
manufactured, produced, or mined in the country.
The requirement is part of President Joe Biden’s
agenda to support the country’s manufacturing
economy.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Farmer_grows_250,000_sunflowers_to_make_trail⠀⇛
Incredible photos show how a farmer used 250,000
sunflowers to create a massive trail in his field,
bringing in visitors from as far away as Australia.
Crawford Niven, 26, first came up with the idea for
his amazing temporary pathway at his farm in
Gloagburn Farm, near Perth, Scotland, three years
ago.
And now thousands of visitors flock to his estate
to walk among the seven-foot-tall flowers, which
they’re even allowed to pick and take home.
o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾
# ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ “Open”_“AI”_isn’t⠀⇛
Openwashing is the trick that large “AI” companies
use to evade regulation and neutralizing critics,
by casting themselves as forces of ethical
capitalism, committed to the virtue of openness. No
one should be surprised to learn that the products
of the “open” wing of an industry whose products
are neither “artificial,” nor “intelligent,” are
also not “open.” Every word AI huxters say is a
lie; including “and,” and “the.”
# ⚓ CBC ☛ Microsoft_pulls_article_recommending_Ottawa_Food_Bank
to_tourists⠀⇛
The list was rife with errors. It featured a photo
of the Rideau River in an entry about the Rideau
Canal, and a photo of the Rideau Canal in an entry
about Parc Omega near Montebello, Que. It advised
tourists to enjoy the pristine grass of “Parliament
Hills.”
But the Ottawa Food Bank entry earned the most
mockery in technology publications and on social
media. The article called the food bank one of
Ottawa’s “beautiful attractions,” before putting it
third on the list.
# ⚓ Futurism ☛ Microsoft_Deletes_Bizarre_AI-Generated_Travel
Guide_That_Recommended_Visiting_Food_Bank_With_an_“Empty
Stomach”⠀⇛
The embarrassing listicle was spotted by tech
writer Paris Marx on Thursday. It ranked the Ottawa
Food Bank smack dab in third place among the
capital’s must-see tourist attractions, only below
The Winterlude Festival and the National War
Memorial — all of which it calls “beautiful
attractions” that you “cannot miss!”
# ⚓ Futurism ☛ 3D_Printers_Go_Rogue,_Start_Printing_While
Owners_Are_Asleep⠀⇛
Bambu explained on its official blog that it
“experienced an unexpected cloud outage,” causing
what it’s calling “job jamming.” After its cloud
service went down, any jobs sent to Bambu’s
printers during this period went unconfirmed,
leading to requests being sent repeatedly, even
after the service resumed.
“Simply explained, the print job sent to the
printer before was trapped on the cloud and had a
delayed start,” Bambu wrote.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ What_DARPA_wants,_DARPA_gets:_A_non-hacky
way_to_fix_bugs_in_legacy_binaries⠀⇛
We know what you’re thinking: Uncle Sam is
reinventing decompilation. It certainly sounds like
it. There are lots of decompilation and reverse-
engineering tools out there for turning executable
machine-level code into corresponding source code
in human-readable high-level language like C or
C++. That decompiled source, however, tends to be
messy and hard to follow, and is typically used for
figuring out how a program works and whether any
bugs are exploitable.
From what we can tell, this DARPA program seeks a
highly robust, automated method of converting
executable files into a high-level format
developers can not only read – a highly abstract
representation, or HAR, in this case – but also
edit to remove flaws and add functionality, and
reassemble it all back into a program that will
work as expected. That’s a bit of a manual, error-
prone chore even for highly skilled types using
today’s reverse-engineering tools, which isn’t what
you want near code going into things like aircraft.
# § Windows TCO⠀➾
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Flashpoint_report_shows_Australia_among
‘most_targeted_[sic]_countries’_for_ransomware_attacks
in_July [Ed: Windows TCO]⠀⇛
Risk intelligence company Flashpoint has
published its July Cyber Threat Intelligence
Index which shows Australia was in the top 10
countries for ransomware attacks last month.
o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾
# § Openwashing⠀➾
# ⚓ SSRN ☛ Open_(For_Business):_Big_Tech,_Concentrated
Power,_and_the_Political_Economy_of_Open_AI⠀⇛
This paper examines ‘open’ AI in the context
of recent attention to open and open source
AI systems. We find that the terms ‘open’ and
‘open source’ are used in confusing and
diverse ways, often constituting more
aspiration or marketing than technical
descriptor, and frequently blending concepts
from both open source software and open
science. This complicates an already complex
landscape, in which there is currently no
agreed on definition of ‘open’ in the context
of AI, and as such the term is being applied
to widely divergent offerings with little
reference to a stable descriptor.
So, what exactly is ‘open’ about ‘open’ AI,
and what does ‘open’ AI enable? To better
answer these questions we begin this paper by
looking at the various resources required to
create and deploy AI systems, alongside the
components that comprise these systems. We do
this with an eye to which of these can, or
cannot, be made open to scrutiny, reuse, and
extension. What does ‘open’ mean in practice,
and what are its limits in the context of AI?
We find that while a handful of maximally
open AI systems exist, which offer
intentional and extensive transparency,
reusability, and extensibility– the resources
needed to build AI from scratch, and to
deploy large AI systems at scale, remain
‘closed’—available only to those with
significant (almost always corporate)
resources. From here, we zoom out and examine
the history of open source, its cleave from
free software in the mid 1990s, and the
contested processes by which open source has
been incorporated into, and instrumented by,
large tech corporations. As a current day
example of the overbroad and ill-defined use
of the term by tech companies, we look at
‘open’ in the context of OpenAI the company.
We trace its moves from a humanity-focused
nonprofit to a for-profit partnered with
Microsoft, and its shifting position on
‘open’ AI. Finally, we examine the current
discourse around ‘open’ AI–looking at how the
term and the (mis)understandings about what
‘open’ enables are being deployed to shape
the public’s and policymakers’ understanding
about AI, its capabilities, and the power of
the AI industry. In particular, we examine
the arguments being made for and against
‘open’ and open source AI, who’s making them,
and how they are being deployed in the debate
over AI regulation.
Taken together, we find that ‘open’ AI can,
in its more maximal instantiations, provide
transparency, reusability, and extensibility
that can enable third parties to deploy and
build on top of powerful off-the-shelf AI
models. These maximalist forms of ‘open’ AI
can also allow some forms of auditing and
oversight. But even the most open of ‘open’
AI systems do not, on their own, ensure
democratic access to or meaningful
competition in AI, nor does openness alone
solve the problem of oversight and scrutiny.
While we recognize that there is a vibrant
community of earnest contributors building
and contributing to ‘open’ AI efforts in the
name of expanding access and insight, we also
find that marketing around openness and
investment in (somewhat) open AI systems is
being leveraged by powerful companies to
bolster their positions in the face of
growing interest in AI regulation. And that
some companies have moved to embrace ‘open’
AI as a mechanism to entrench dominance,
using the rhetoric of ‘open’ AI to expand
market power while investing in ‘open’ AI
efforts in ways that allow them to set
standards of development while benefiting
from the free labor of open source
contributors.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Friday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by Debian
(chromium, rar, and unrar-nonfree), Fedora
(microcode_ctl, trafficserver, and webkitgtk), SUSE
(ImageMagick, kernel, nodejs16, nodejs18,
postgresql12, postgresql15, re2c, and samba), and
Ubuntu (ghostscript, haproxy, linux, linux-aws,
linux-aws-5.15, linux-gcp, linux-hwe-5.15, linux-
ibm, linux-intel-iotg, linux-intel-iotg-5.15,
linux-kvm, linux-lowlatency, linux-lowlatency-hwe-
5.15, linux-nvidia, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-
5.15, linux-raspi, linux-hwe-5.4, linux-xilinx-
zynqmp, poppler, and zziplib).
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Listing_for_sale_of_U.S._Education
Department_data_may_not_be_what_you_expect⠀⇛
Yesterday, a listing appeared on a popular hacking
forum offering data for sale that were reported to
be from the US Department of Education (Ed.gov).
According to the listing, the leaked information
includes: “ID, UserID, UserName, MobileNumber,
LevelID, ConsumerID, Type, FeedBack, SubjectID,
Subject, Replied, Token, Completed, Date, Updated,
Deleted, and Origin”
DataBreaches contacted the seller, who is known to
this site from previous activities, to ask about
the actual source of the data. He responded
promptly via private message: “The database is from
the NAEP. It’s related to the National Report Card.
The database is a feedback database from students
to teachers or education providers about progress
or questions in general.” He added that the data
had been given to him by someone else, and might be
months old, but he wasn’t certain.
# ⚓ Police_officer_loses_laptop_and_notebook_as_he_drives_along
motorway_after_leaving_them_on_roof_of_his_car_in_fourth_data
breach_by_single_police_force⠀⇛
A police officer lost his laptop and notebook as he
drove along the motorway after leaving them on the
roof of his car – in the fourth data breach by a
single force.
The PSNI said it is investigating after a senior
officer revealed sections of the lost notebook
remain outstanding.
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Morris_Hospital_discloses_breach_that_Royal
claimed_responsibility_for_in_May;_notifies_248,943⠀⇛
Morris Hospital & Healthcare Centers (Morris
Hospital) has issued a notification concerning a
cybersecurity incident they discovered on April 4.
The incident affects current and former patients of
Morris Hospital and current and former employees
and their dependents or beneficiaries.
According to their explanation, their forensic
investigation determined that “just prior to the
incident,” data was exfiltrated to an external
storage platform by an unauthorized individual or
individuals. The exported files contained records
with the names, addresses, dates of birth, social
security numbers, medical record numbers and
account numbers, and diagnostic codes of current
and former healthcare patients at Morris Hospital
AND the names, addresses, social security numbers,
and dates of birth of current and former employees
and their dependents and beneficiaries.
# ⚓ Insider-Wrongdoing_in_the_Healthcare_Sector⠀⇛
In 2016, when Protenus and DataBreaches first began
collaborating on collecting and analyzing data from
reported breaches involving health data, we focused
on what is often called the “insider threat” by
breaking it down into two categories: human error
or breaches due to accidents, which we called
“insider-error,” and breaches due to intentional
wrongdoing by employees or contractors, which we
called “insider-wrongdoing.” Because we have used
this categorization for the last few years, we
thought this might be a good time to do a look-back
and see if, using that framework, insider-
wrongdoing reports appear to have increased,
decreased or stayed approximately the same over the
years.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Malicious_QR_Codes_Used_in_Phishing_Attack
Targeting_US_Energy_Company [Ed: This fake novelty of
"barcode" and "smart" phones was always a bad idea, a gimmick
promoted by cargo cultists]⠀⇛
A widespread phishing campaign utilizing malicious
QR codes has hit organizations in various
industries, including a major energy company in the
US.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Cisco_Patches_High-Severity_Vulnerabilities
in_Enterprise_Applications [Ed: "Enterprise" means back
doored?]⠀⇛
Cisco has patched high-severity vulnerabilities in
enterprise applications that could lead to
privilege escalation, SQL injection, and denial-of-
service.
# ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ How_to_secure_your_database_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛
Cybersecurity threats are increasing in volume,
complexity and impact. Yet, organisations struggle
to counter these growing threats. Cyber attacks
often intend to steal, damage, hijack or alter
value-generating data. In this article around
database security, we use the NIST framework to lay
out the common controls that you can implement to
secure your databases. Let’s start by discussing
the potential impact of unsecured databases.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ YouTube_accused_of_aiming_ads_at
kids_after_promising_it_wouldn’t_do_that⠀⇛
The report begins with a disclaimer that says
it’s not offering any legal opinion. Rather,
it flags client-side identifiers – eg, those
contained in cookies – that play a role in
advertising. How these identifiers get used
is central to the claims made by Adalytics.
If YouTube is in fact setting unique
identifiers that can be used to track kids
online, and is doing so without parental
consent, that’s potentially a violation of
COPPA.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Stalking_victims_sue_Tile_and
Amazon_for_negligence_over_tracking_tech⠀⇛
Amazon’s nationwide location-tracking
program, Sidewalk, uses Bluetooth networks
supported by Amazon customers who have home
devices including some models of Echo, Ring
Floodlight Cams, and Ring Spotlight Cams. The
suit claims that “as of March 31, 2023,
Amazon claims that the Sidewalk network
reaches of 90 percent of the United States
population.”
Amazon says on its product page that device
owners all contribute a small portion of
their [Internet] bandwidth, which is then
pooled together to create a shared network
that “benefits all Sidewalk-enabled devices
in a community.” Sidewalk uses “Bluetooth,
the 900 MHz spectrum and other frequencies to
extend coverage and provide these benefits.”
# ⚓ International Business Times ☛ Thought_cash_was_dead?
Think_again⠀⇛
However, whilst digital payment solutions may
be increasingly driving payments
domestically, there is one area where cash
remains king. In fact, it’s an area of
spending where cash not only remains dominant
but where its usage and popularity haven’t
even peaked yet.
That area is travel money.
It may seem surprising, but for most people
around the world, even in a digital age,
their preferred form of payment when they
travel is cash.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Sweden_Thwarts_Several_Terrorist_Attempts:_PM
Kristersson⠀⇛
Justice Minister Gunnar Strommer said: “During
spring, several people were arrested in Sweden and
abroad suspected of having prepared attacks in
Sweden.”
Strommer did not comment further on these arrests,
but Swedish Television (SVT) reported that there
were at least two known cases.
# ⚓ The Local SE ☛ INTERVIEW:_Terror_threat_against_Sweden_is
unprecedented,_expert_warns⠀⇛
The focus on Sweden today, he said, was greater
than it had been after the artist Lars Vilks caused
controversy with his drawings of the Prophet
Mohammed as a dog in 2007, or after 2012 and 2013
when some 300 young Swedish residents went to Syria
and Iraq to join the Islamic State terror group, or
in 2015 to 2016 after the terror attacks in Paris
and Brussels.
# ⚓ Futurism ☛ Brands_Horrified_When_Their_Twitter_Ads_Appear
on_Nazi_Posts⠀⇛
In a recent report, nonprofit news watchdog Media
Matters for America found that ads of mainstream
brands ran next to content celebrating Hitler and
the Nazi Party — which shouldn’t come as a
surprise, considering the fast-and-loose governing
of the platform by owner Elon Musk.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ In_Maui_Visit,_Biden_Should_Support_Climate
Lawsuits_Against_Big_Oil⠀⇛
“Simply connecting the deadly Maui fires and other
recent disasters to climate change is not enough;
it’s time for President Biden to make clear to the
American people that the oil and gas industry must
be held accountable for their lies and pollution
that continue to fuel the climate crisis.”
# ⚓ Futurism ☛ 200_Ships_Are_Stuck_in_the_Panama_Canal⠀⇛
Daily traffic is currently capped at 32 ships,
which is down from the prior average of about 36
when there’s enough water for the canal — which
uses more than 50 million gallons of water per day
— to operate at full capacity.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Major_Hurricane_Hilary_reaches_Category_3
intensity⠀⇛
Hurricane Hilary rapidly_strengthened into a major
hurricane Thursday, and it’s poised to bring an
array of life-threatening hazards to California and
neighboring states beginning this weekend.
The big picture:An intensifying Hilary’s peak winds
had increased to 125 mph at 11pm ET. It is forecast
to approach the Baja Peninsula of California on
Saturday, bringing flooding rains into southern
California, Nevada and Arizona from this weekend
into early next week.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Maui_emergency_chief_resigns_with_immediate_effect
amid_Hawai’i_fires_response⠀⇛
Maui Emergency Management Agency’s top official
resigned Thursday after facing criticism over the
response to Hawai’i’s_catastrophic_wildfires that
have killed at least 111 people.
Driving the news:Herman Andaya cited “health
reasons” as he resigned as the agency’s
administrator with immediate effect, per a Maui
County statement.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Maui’s_emergency_services_chief
resigns_after_facing_criticism_for_not_activating_sirens
during_fire⠀⇛
The head of the Maui Emergency Management Agency
has resigned after facing criticims for not
activating disaster sirens during last week’s
deadly wildfires that killed at least 111 people.
The County of Maui announced Thursday on Facebook
that Mayor Richard Bissen accepted the resignation
of Herman Andaya, who cited unspecified health
reasons for leaving his post. Bissen said that
“given the gravity of the crisis we are facing,” a
replacement will be named as soon as possible. On
Wednesday, Andaya defended the decision not to
sound sirens as flames raged. Andaya said officials
were afraid the sirens would have prompted people
to flee toward the mountains or inland, or into the
flames.
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Our_AI_habit_is_already_changing
the_way_we_build_datacenters⠀⇛
In your typical datacenter, cold air is
pulled through a rack full of compute,
networking, and storage systems. At the back,
the heated air is then captured and ejected
by the facility’s cooling infrastructure.
This paradigm works just fine for 6-10kW
racks, but starts to fall apart when you
start deploying the kinds of systems used to
train AI models like GPT-4. Modern GPU nodes
can easily consume an entire rack’s worth of
power. And this is forcing datacenter
operators to make some serious design
changes.
# ⚓ The Drone Girl ☛ Two_passenger_aircraft_just_flew
without_a_pilot_in_the_shadow_of_Silicon_Valley⠀⇛
The two flights were run by two different
companies running two completely different
aircraft. The first was a 4,100-pound, twin-
propeller Centaur aircraft from Aurora Flight
Sciences, which is a subsidiary of the Boeing
Company, and can be flown as either a
piloted, remotely piloted or hybrid aircraft.
The second was an aircraft designed to be
fully automated from Reliable Robotics.
# § Overpopulation⠀➾
# ⚓ Futurism ☛ Scientist_Predicts_Brutal_“Population
Correction”⠀⇛
So where does that all leave the fate of
humanity? Rees argues that it’s “unlikely”
humans will go extinct given technological
advancements. But the toll could still be
grim.
“That said, rebounding negative feedbacks —
climate chaos, food and other resource
shortages, civil disorder, resource wars,
etc. — may well eliminate prospects for an
advanced worldwide civilization,” he
concluded.
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Pentagon_Launches_Study_on_How_to_Start_an
Economy_on_the_Moon_in_the_Next_10_Years⠀⇛
In an attempt to guide ongoing efforts in
establishing a lunar infrastructure, the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) kicked
off a seven-month study dedicated to developing an
analytical framework for scientific and commercial
activity on the Moon. Through the 10-Year Lunar
Architecture, or LunA-10, study, DARPA is seeking
ideas for technology and infrastructure concepts
that could help build a Moon-based economy within
the next decade.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ Teen Vogue ☛ YouTube_Has_Alex_Winter_Worried_About_the_2024
Election⠀⇛
“The YouTube Effect” explores the right-wing
radicalization enabled by the platform, and how
it’s shaped our politics in its less than 20 years
of existence. Anyone who’s regularly used YouTube
will recognize many of the interspersed clips; you
may even recognize some of its interviewees, from
video essayist ContraPoints, AKA Natalie Wynn, to
the children’s YouTuber (and actual child) Ryan,
interviewed alongside his parents.
Teen Vogue spoke to Winter about the site’s impact
on our elections, Andrew Tate, and more.
This interview has been lightly edited and
condensed for clarity.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ A_license_to_trust:_Can_you_rely_on_‘open
source’_companies?⠀⇛
Company after company has had their start in open
source software, and then gone on to dump their
open source licenses once they’ve achieved a
measure of success. It’s time to stop it.
With a handful of exceptions, everyone uses open
source to build their programs. It simply works
better. In the last few years, though, one business
after another has launched its releases on the
backs of open source developers and then dumped
their open source license in favor of a semi-
proprietary one. It’s not fair, and it’s not right.
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Meta’s_news_ban_in_Canada_is_getting_in_the_way_of
Yellowknife_wildfire_evacuations⠀⇛
Bill C-18, or the Online News Act, which forces
large social media platforms to pay Canadian news
publishers for sharing their content, recently
became law despite pushback from internet
companies. Meta, the parent company of Facebook and
Instagram, said it would pull news from its
subsidiaries if the requirement became
mandatory—and on Aug. 1, it did.
As the Northwest Territories battle 236 of the
1,050 fires active in the country, sharing
information directly from credible news sources
like national publisher CBC, local newspaper The
Yellowknifer, and digital broadcaster Cabin Radio
on social media is off the table for the 20,000
Yellowknife residents hit with an evacuation order.
# § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Online_influence_operators
continue_fine-tuning_use_of_AI_to_deceive_their
targets,_researchers_say⠀⇛
The use of artificial intelligence for malign
purposes is limited but growing and maturing
in key ways, researchers with Google’s
Mandiant said Thursday.
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Small-Town_Life_Is_the_Anti-Twitter⠀⇛
The era of the internet could use a little of
the discipline, moderation, and tolerance
imposed by a familiar, physical community.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Environmental_activists_are_fleeing_Elon_Musk’s
Twitter⠀⇛
A study (pdf) published in a journal called Trends
in Evolution and Ecology on Aug.15 showed, that out
of a sample of 380,000 environmentally oriented X
users, “nearly 50% became inactive” after Musk’s
acquisition. This rate, the researchers found, was
“much higher than a control sample.” By April 2023,
only 52.5% of sampled environmental activists on X
were still active.
# ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Stop_Cop_City_Activists_Are_Facing_20
Years_in_Prison_for_Distributing_Flyers⠀⇛
Charley Tennenbaum, a Stop Cop City activist, was
charged with felony intimidation for flyering about
the officers who shot an organizer 57 times. After
months in prison, Tennenbaum spoke to Jacobin about
Georgia’s crackdown on civil liberties.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Moscow_Court_Shuts_Rights_Center_That_Honors_Nobel
Peace_Laureate_Andrei_Sakharov⠀⇛
The Moscow City Court has shut the Sakharov Center,
a prominent human rights organization dedicated to
upholding civil liberties in Russia, saying it
illegally hosted events outside of the capital,
released videos lacking a foreign agent label, and
committed other administrative discrepancies.
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ Hong_Kong_Seeks_Public_Help_in_Purging_Library
Books⠀⇛
An invitation from Hong Kong authorities for
citizens to report public library books that
“endanger national security” has sent chills
through the port city, analysts and some residents
say. Some worry authorities are adopting tactics
similar to those used in China and during the
Cultural Revolution, others say the move will only
further harm the city’s already tarnished image as
a place that’s no longer free.
# ⚓ The Local SE ☛ Sweden_launches_inquiry_into_stopping_Quran
burnings_on_security_grounds⠀⇛
According to the “committee directive”, Larsson
should by July 2024 propose changes to the law
which will allow that “circumstances which threaten
Sweden’s security can be taken into account in the
process of deciding on permissions for public
gatherings, and in weighing up whether to cancel or
break up public gatherings”.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iranian_Officials_Accuse_12_Activists_Of_Plotting
To_Hold_Events_For_Anniversary_Of_Amini’s_Death⠀⇛
At least 500 people have been killed since protests
broke out following the death of Amini, an Iranian
Kurdish woman who was arrested while visiting
Tehran for allegedly violating the country’s hijab
law.
The protests began as a rebuke against the brutal
enforcement of the mandatory head scarf
legislation, but soon snowballed into one of the
most sustained demonstrations against Iran’s
theocracy since the 1979 Islamic Revolution.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iranian_Professor_Who_Supported_Protests_Says_He’s
Been_Expelled⠀⇛
Many Iranian university professors have faced
expulsion for their support of the nationwide
protests, while others have already been pushed
from their jobs, including several professors at
the University of Art in Tehran who were ousted
earlier this month.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Popular_comedian_detained,_beaten_and_fined_for
YouTube_videos,_relative_says⠀⇛
Relatives of a stand-up comedian said he was
detained by police in Ho Chi Minh City, beaten and
then fined for videos about social issues that he
posted to his popular YouTube account six years
ago.
o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ ANF News ☛ Sputnik_journalists_go_on_strike⠀⇛
Workers at Sputnik went on strike on Thursday. The
action was organized by the Turkish Journalists’
Union (TGS), after the failure to reach an
agreement in the collective bargaining negotiations
between the TGS and Rossiya Segodnya International
News Agency (Sputnik) Turkey Bureau.
# ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Sputnik_Turkey_journalists_go_on_strike⠀⇛
“Our country is undergoing a severe economic
crisis. Our wages cannot sustain us through the
middle of the month. Nevertheless, when it comes to
salary increases, the Sputnik management did not
provide even a single proposal throughout all our
discussions. That is why we are on strike against
this dismissive stance.”
# ⚓ CPJ ☛ Russia_fails_to_renew_Dutch_and_Finnish_journalists’
visas_and_accreditation⠀⇛
“Russian authorities’ opaque administrative
procedures cannot hide their real agenda, which is
to silence critical voices and progressively
squeeze Western journalists out of the country,”
said Carlos Martinez de la Serna, CPJ’s program
director. “Russian authorities should renew Eva
Hartog and Anna-Lena Laurén’s accreditation and
visas at once and let them work freely in the
country.”
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Tibet’s_beloved_annual_yogurt_festival_spoiled_by
heavy_police_presence⠀⇛
The heavy surveillance comes as Chinese authorities
are maintaining a tight grip on Tibet, restricting
Tibetans’ political activities and peaceful
expression of cultural and religious identity.
Tibetans frequently complain of discrimination and
human rights abuses by Chinese authorities and
policies they say are aimed at eradicating their
national and cultural identity.
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ 10-year-old_Mississippi_boy_arrested,_jailed_for
peeing_behind_mom’s_car⠀⇛
She said the officer told her Quantavious could get
back inside the car and that he would just give a
warning, but several other cops then showed up,
including a lieutenant who said the boy had to be
hauled to jail.
# ⚓ NDTV ☛ 10-Year-Old_US_Boy_Arrested_For_Urinating_Behind
Mother’s_Car⠀⇛
The mother continued, “No, him urinating in the
parking lot was not right, but at the same time I
handled it like a parent and for one officer to
tell my baby to get back in the car like it was OK
and to have the other pull up and take him to jail.
Like no. I’m just speechless right now. Why would
you arrest a 10-year-old kid.”
# ⚓ CBC ☛ Former_RNC_chief_says_he_was_forced_out_after_holding
officers_to_account⠀⇛
“It was a concentrated effort by several to push me
out the door because I was holding people
accountable and that I wanted to open up the RNC
and include the community into everything that we
were doing,” Boland said.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ HRW:_China_must_address_increasingly_common_racist
internet_content⠀⇛
HRW found that racist content against Black people
has surged in recent years because it attracts
traffic and generating profits. There are a few
kinds of typical content perpetuating racial
discrimination that are popular on the Chinese
internet. These include denigrating interracial
relationships, impersonating Black people, death
threats and reinforcing stereotypes of Africans by
portraying them as impoverished and presenting
Chinese as wealthy saviors.
o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ I_know_what_you_did_next_summer:
Microsoft_to_kill_off_Xbox_360_Store⠀⇛
Gamers will still be able to access and play their
already-bought games after that date. In an
announcement, the software giant reassured folks it
was “committed to supporting Xbox 360 gameplay for
the foreseeable future — and you will still be able
to play and re-download previously purchased
content and connect with friends.”
This means Microsoft isn’t shutting down its
servers just yet. But while players won’t lose
access to their games on the console, the same
can’t be said of media purchased through the Xbox’s
Movies and TV app. After the July deadline, that
application will cease to function, and all such
content purchased through the app will remain
available only on supported consoles and PC.
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Creative Commons ☛ Understanding_CC_Licenses_and
Generative_AI⠀⇛
You can use CC licenses to grant permission
for reuse in any situation that requires
permission under copyright. However, the
licenses do not supersede existing
limitations and exceptions; in other words,
as a licensor, you cannot use the licenses to
prohibit a use if it is otherwise permitted
by limitations and exceptions to copyright.
This is directly relevant to AI, given that
the use of copyrighted works to train AI may
be protected under existing exceptions and
limitations to copyright. For instance, we
believe there are strong arguments that, in
most cases, using copyrighted works to train
generative AI models would be fair use in the
United States, and such training can be
protected by the text and data mining
exception in the EU. However, whether these
limitations apply may depend on the
particular use case.
# ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Pirate_IPTV_Datacenter_Defendant_is_a
Flight_Risk,_Remains_in_Custody⠀⇛
A 30-year-old Dutchman is suspected of being
a key player in a multi-million euro pirate
IPTV operation, which served over a million
subscribers. The defendant asked to be
released pending trial but is considered a
flight risk, so the request was denied.
Tapped conversations suggest that the man
planned to restart the pirate IPTV business
and flee to Morocco.
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ Emotions_are_difficult⠀⇛
Part of the thing I’ve been having to learn how to
do the past few months as my partner Tor has been
so sick is actually, y’know, experience and show
emotion.
I’m normally the kind of person who stuffs
everything down and quietly crashes into a wreck
when everything is over, never particularly talking
to anyone about it because I don’t Want To Be a
Burden.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
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