𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, August 14, 2023
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Generated Tue 15 Aug 02:42:37 BST 2023
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
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Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
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QmVsL5SjB4i4sLymC3HBZkhwBhNY5MXy27LZs9QBCDgtZo
╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ I Found a Two Year Old BtrFS Programs Bug in openSUSE; Still Better Than Fedora/RHEL | Techrights
⦿ Corporations Decide What You Can and Cannot Say (or Who’s Permitted to Even Speak) | Techrights
⦿ [Meme] The Computer Generated Hype (So-called G.A.I.) is Dying Away | Techrights
⦿ McDonalds Visit Disaster, Courtesy of IBM and Apps | Techrights
⦿ [Meme] Obey Your Master, Obey IBM | Techrights
⦿ Mullvad VPN Does Work on openSUSE; General Thoughts on openSUSE Leap 15.5. Bonus: Hopefully the Last Rants About IBM, Red Hat, Fedora. | Techrights
⦿ The World Wide Web Crisis | Techrights
⦿ Windows Overthrown in Niger, Down to 8% market Share (It Used to be 99%) | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/btrfs-programs-bug-in-opensuse/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/code-of-censorship/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/generative-ai-passing-fad/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/ibm-and-apps/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/obey-ibm/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/opensuse-and-more/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/the-world-wide-web-crisis/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/windows-overthrown-in-niger/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/digital-detox/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/ipfire-release/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/morphos-is-gorgeous/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/mx-linux-reviewed/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 71
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/btrfs-programs-bug-in-opensuse/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/btrfs-programs-bug-in-opensuse/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ I_Found_a_Two_Year_Old_BtrFS_Programs_Bug_in_openSUSE;_Still_Better_Than
Fedora/RHEL⠀✐
Posted in GNU/Linux, IBM, OpenSUSE, Red_Hat at 7:27 pm by Guest Editorial Team
Reprinted with permission from Ryan_Farmer
S
o far the worst thing I have to say about openSUSE Leap is that I found a bug
in btrfsprogs.
When I told it to defrag and compress, I assumed it would use what the /etc/
stab was set to and give me ZStandard compression.
I was wrong.
The kernel had already started compressing some files and so part of them are
in ZStd and some in zlib (DEFLATE). No problem. Just redo btrfs filesystem
defragment with -czstd and / and nope.
Error that Zstd is not a recognized compression format. What?
I tracked it down to an issue with openSUSE Leap’s version of btrfsprogs which
is frozen on a version that had a regression and has not been fixed.
I could start jamming in updates to btrfsprogs and call it solved or I could
just have it recompress as lzo for now.
Fortunately, this was the worst issue I’ve encountered so far.
I quickly ruled out openSUSE Tumbleweed after hearing stories like I woke up a
laptop that hadn’t been updated in a few months and updated it all and it
broke.
Rolling releases need a lot of administrative attention and that’s a cognitive
load that I was just sick and damn tired of with Fedora, which isn’t even a
full rolling distribution (things like glibc and the desktops still follow a
major version).
The kid in you wants rolling release froot loops but the adult in you wants
boring fiber cereal.
Like RHEL, the kernel stuff from SLE/D is kept back and SUSE backports hardware
enablement and features and bug fixes selectively. But with openSUSE Leap, you
can see the source code without the company threatening that there will be
“consequences” for you, even though the GPL doesn’t allow these “consequences”.
So instead of a drama bomb sometimes when you update a Fedora kernel and get an
error mounting the file system or Intel fuckery about turning off your graphics
card for an entire release series before turning it back on months later and
declaring that they gave up trying to fix a security issue in the driver, which
is exposed to the Web platform thanks to Mozilla and Google, things kind of
tend to stay working.
Unless you have a very new laptop and need a certain distribution that just
brought it all in because they never support their releases very long, there’s
basically no reason to mess with the “fuck around and find out” nature of
installing Fedora and their broken updates.
That’s why I gave up on Debian 11 and moved over in the first place. My
graphics acceleration was just doing odd things in my games and I figured I’d
roll with the punches for a while and never moved distributions again until
now.
Fedora is in a retrograde state at this point. Things break randomly and don’t
get much or any attention even on very common hardware
“It_Must_Be_My_Huge_CoC”. Another Fedora Rant. (Sorry.)
Roy and I were talking last night about the Fedora developers that have given
up and threw their hands in the air and left or got banned for “CoC” despite
doing exceptional work for Red Hat, unpaid work, for many years.
My CoC complaint against IBM/Red Hat Fedora’s IRC Moderator, Walter Francis,
was acted on, kind of, by “jflory7”.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇jflory7_CoC⦈_
In TechRights IRC, Roy Schestowitz commented.
[8/14/23 14:09] DaemonFC: do you know jflory?
[8/14/23 14:09] justin
[8/14/23 14:09] he prosted how ICBM banned an Iranian who had
contributed to Fedora
[8/14/23 14:09] just because of natiionality
[8/14/23 14:10] i think jflory is with UNESCO now
[8/14/23 14:11] https://www.reddit.com/r/Fedora/comments/6ygtb3/
why_i_have_deleted_fedora_and_wont_recommend_it/
[8/14/23 14:11] [Notice] -TechrightsBot-tr to #techrights- Reddit –
Dive into anything
[8/14/23 14:11] “
[8/14/23 14:11] *Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and
distribute. It is built and used by people across the globe who work
together as a community: the Fedora Project. *
[8/14/23 14:11] “
[8/14/23 14:11] ” From Fedora Export Control Product Matrix we can
conclude that people that happen to be born and live in Cuba, Iran,
North Korea, Sudan, Syria, and the Crimea Region of Ukraine are not
part of the global community. I smell US politics here. It’s a shame,
Fedora “
[8/14/23 14:11] 6 years ago
[8/14/23 14:12] years later:
[8/14/23 14:12] https://ahmadhaghighi.com/blog/2021/us-restricted-
free-software/
[8/14/23 14:12] [Notice] -TechrightsBot-tr to #techrights-
ahmadhaghighi.com | Free Software NOT as in free speech, NOR as in
free beer
[8/14/23 14:12] “On 13th Jul 2021, I’ve been removed from Fedora
Project with no prior notice because of this”
[8/14/23 14:12] “I don’t have any access to my Email
(haghighi@fedoraproject.org) and my other FP resources (e.g., Fedora
Ambassadors, Fedora People space, Git repo, etc.). My account was
completely removed from Ask Fedora (I was an admin). All my posts in
Ask Fedora (including the Welcome page for the Farsi section) were
removed, and…”
[8/14/23 14:12] “My Fedora Project Wiki page User:Haghighi has been
deleted on 2 September 2021. ‘
-Techrights IRC Log
So jflory bans people because of their nationality and then deletes them from
the Fedora project. Nice. So much for not discriminating due to national
origin, I guess.
IBMs lawyers buzz around and exclude tens of MILLIONS of people from Fedora,
due to where they were born, and then says it’s “Free Software”.
Roy also mentioned:
[8/14/23 13:51] jflory will cover up for him [Walter Francis/
Khaytsus]
[8/14/23 13:51] for sure
[8/14/23 13:52] they are the same “clique”
[8/14/23 13:52] like family
[8/14/23 13:52] you are always wrong
[8/14/23 13:52] by default
[8/14/23 13:52] presumed guilty
[8/14/23 13:52] at best he might apologise and remove the ban
[8/14/23 13:52] but needs to grow a pair and swallow his pride
-Techrights IRC Log
Needless to say, I doubt they’ll take action against their toxic individual.
Perhaps more disturbingly, Khaytsus is also a moderator in the IRC channel
I think one time he k-lined me just for saying Windows was garbage and asking
when #linux became the ##windows channel in a one liner.
always derails the #linux channel to talk about Microsoft Java Subsystem For
Windows, errr, I mean Windows Subsystem For Linux, of course.
Like Microsoft Java, Microsoft is “extending” the “Linux Subsystem” so the
applications you build for it wouldn’t even run on a real Linux system anymore.
It’s a trap!
Another Big IBM/Red Hat/Fedora Rant. (Sorry.)
The carnage also affects Red Hat employees. IBM is putting Red Hat through
attrition seeing just how cheaply they can run it and have something calling
itself RHEL.
Like Canonical, they barely pitch it as a bare metal solution anymore. They
encourage their customers to put it in Microsoft Azure, where banks and
governments go to get security_breaches_that_Microsoft_doesn’t_even_do_anything
about.
“Last week, Senator Ron Wyden sent a letter to the Cybersecurity and
Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Department of Justice and the
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) asking that they hold Microsoft accountable for
a repeated pattern of negligent cybersecurity practices, which has enabled
Chinese espionage against the United States government. According to data from
Google Project Zero, Microsoft products have accounted for an aggregate of
42.5% of all zero-days discovered since 2014.
Microsoft’s lack of transparency applies to breaches, irresponsible security
practices and vulnerabilities, all of which expose their customers to risks
they are deliberately kept in the dark about.
In March 2023, a member of Tenable’s Research team was investigating
Microsoft’s Azure platform and related services. The researcher discovered an
issue which would enable an unauthenticated attacker to access cross-tenant
applications and sensitive data, such as authentication secrets. To give you an
idea of how bad this is, our team very quickly discovered authentication
secrets to a bank. They were so concerned about the seriousness and the ethics
of the issue that we immediately notified Microsoft.
Did Microsoft quickly fix the issue that could effectively lead to the breach
of multiple customers’ networks and services? Of course not. They took more
than 90 days to implement a partial fix – and only for new applications loaded
in the service.
That means that as of today, the bank I referenced above is still vulnerable,
more than 120 days since we reported the issue, as are all of the other
organizations that had launched the service prior to the fix. And, to the best
of our knowledge, they still have no idea they are at risk and therefore can’t
make an informed decision about compensating controls and other risk-mitigating
actions. Microsoft claims that they will fix the issue by the end of September,
four months after we notified them. That’s grossly irresponsible, if not
blatantly negligent. We know about the issue, Microsoft knows about the issue,
and hopefully, threat actors don’t.
-Tenable CEO, Amit Yoran
When a “Linux” company, like IBM, pretty much stops talking about how good
their product is, and starts recommending you shovel it into a pile of shit
that leaks people’s Social Security numbers and banking information, from
Microsoft, and think of it like a compatibility layer, as IBM and Canonical
have, then you can consider the project pretty much on death’s doorstep.
To quote Walter Francis, I think “something slid off [their] cracker”. First
systemd, then XFS and Stratis, now Microsoft Azure promotion. █
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⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣥⣦⣬⣶⣼⣴⣿⣷⣤⣦⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠻⠻⡿⠻⠻⠿⢿⣻⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠟⡟⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⢷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⡶⡶⡷⣶⠶⣷⣶⣶⢶⡶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⡶⡶⣷⣶⣾⣶⢶⣶⣦⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⡶⡦⢷⣶⣶⡿⢶⣶⠷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⠶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣤⣤⣧⣬⣶⣬⣤⣧⣮⣤⢧⣤⡤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣬⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢽⣴⡤⣤⣥⡦⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣴⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣿⣧⣤⡼⣤⣤⣼⡧⡮⣤⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣥⣧⣤⣤⣠⣤⣥⣦⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣇⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣥⣤⣽⣦⣠⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣥⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢇
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 364
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/code-of-censorship/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/code-of-censorship/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Corporations_Decide_What_You_Can_and_Cannot_Say_(or_Who’s_Permitted_to_Even
Speak)⠀✐
Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat at 7:05 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum d3c91775b756e7c50e675eee0e5f03f6
Centralisation as Threat to Free Speech
Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0
http://techrights.org/videos/centralised-blacklists-and-coc.webm
Summary: Flawed topologies on the Net, combined with a Code_of_Conduct that’s
enforced by the powerful against the powerless, have turned into a toxic
mechanism of social control
THE loss of freedom of expression is a universal problem, which goes beyond the
Web and the Internet. But in the digital realm there is an even worse effect if
few companies or people are applying_bans_universally/globally/across_networks.
“Fedora is discussed as an example because IBM is increasingly controlling
speech and silencing communities.”As Ryan has just explained (in an article
we’ll repost later), it’s possible to lose the ability to speak or to be heard
just because of one vengeful person. There’s no due process or access to
justice.
The bottom line is, centralised or very large networks are a threat. Therein,
the “thought police” can flourish and have wide-ranging scope. Fedora is
discussed as an example because IBM is increasingly controlling speech and
silencing communities. █
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 416
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/generative-ai-passing-fad/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/generative-ai-passing-fad/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ [Meme]The_Computer_Generated_Hype(So-called_G.A.I.)_is_Dying_Away⠀✐
Posted in Deception, Marketing at 8:41 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇This_was_supposed_to_be_the_year_of_'AI'⦈_
Summary: It’s easy to notice (for those who pay closer attention) that the
media’s fascination with chatbots and all sorts of plagiarism engines has died
down
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣛⣛⣉⣭⣭⣭⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣦⣄⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠱⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠙⠉⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠛⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣴⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⡿⢫⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠉⠀⣾⡓⠀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣗⣵⠆⠀⢄⡴⣄⣄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⡀⢀⠹⣿⣶⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣼⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣒⠛⠓⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡐⠲⠀⠩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⠂⡠⠊⢿⣿⡿⢿⠻⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠚⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠈⠸⠯⠹⡻⣨⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣩
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣠⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢣⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⠋⣿⣆⠉⠰⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⢠⡶⣦⠀⣶⢰⡆⣶⢰⣶⡄⣶⣶⠀⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢡⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⢿⣏⢿⠷⡈⠁⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⢈⡻⣦⠀⢻⣾⣿⣿⣸⣿⡇⣙⢷⡄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣯
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠉⠁⠉⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠈⠁⠉⠋⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠉⠙⠙⠛⠋⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢷⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡛⢸⡇⣿⢸⣟⡇⣿⣻⣶⡏⣿⢸⣟⠃⣿⣛⢻⣿⣇⠀⢻⡟⢸⡏⣷⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣛⠀⢻⡟⢻⣇⣿⢸⣟⠀⢸⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⣾⣿⠼⣇⣿⢸⡏⠁⣿⠉⠸⣇⣿⢰⣟⡷⣿⣍⣼⣿⡟⠀⢸⡇⢸⣇⡿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣍⠀⢸⡇⢸⡏⣿⢸⣏⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣧⠸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡿⣫⣾⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣶⠶⠀⣶⣶⣦⠀⣶⡶⣶⣆⠀⠀⣴⡿⣿⣦⢰⣶⡶⠆⠀⢶⡆⢰⣶⣶⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣷⣿⠁⣿⣿⣤⢠⣿⢿⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣧⡄⠀⠈⠁⣿⡏⣿⡇⢸⣿⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣀⢸⣿⢾⣿⡆⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣇⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⣿⣧⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠟⠿⠿⢿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠛⠃⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠛⠃⠛⠃⠛⠛⢀⡀⠉⠛⠛⠁⠘⠛⠃⣀⣷⡀⠘⠛⠃⠛⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣥⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 472
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/ibm-and-apps/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/ibm-and-apps/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ McDonalds_Visit_Disaster,_Courtesy_of_IBM_and_Apps⠀✐
Posted in IBM at 7:14 pm by Guest Editorial Team
Reprinted with permission from Ryan_Farmer
So I was trying to get back home from having my car’s wheel bearings checked
out.
The wheel speed sensors all report the same speed, which is good, so we’re just
going to have to look into things on a day when it’s not raining outside, as
this can trip up the diagnostic. (You don’t know if the computer is putting on
the ABS for real or if it’s glitching.)
Then I decided, “Why not just put in my McDonalds order through the app on my
phone? They have coupons.”
Just to be safe, I screenshotted the confirmation number and receipt.
On my way home there’s the typical Chicago suburbs crap. Overturned semi-truck,
guy in a stolen Dodge Charger wrapped around a tree at 100 miles an hour,
school where they teach that boys are girls and girls are boys letting out.
By the time I made it 3 miles, it had been half an hour, so obviously my
McDonalds app decided to crash, come back up, log me out, glitched when I tried
to tell it which store I was at and went into a loop between the map and the
ordering screen, and then told me the store was closed at 3 PM.
I got them to finally figure out that the order was in “the other cash
register” and picked up my food.
When I got home, down the street, I realized, they had given me the wrong
sandwich and they put disgusting nacho cheese and jalapeno pepper slices all
over a burger? Gross! To add to this, I asked for fries with no salt and got
those disgusting packing peanut heatlamp fries with too much salt
So this being Chicagoland, you can’t just do what you did in Indiana and call
and have the manager push through a refund and then scrape the jalapenos off
the burger and eat it. So I hopped back in the car, went down there, and told
them they got the order wrong and I would like the correct burger and a fresh
order of fries, with no salt.
They brought me the burger, then they brought me another bag with the fries.
I get home, there’s another burger in the bag with the fries, so I just put it
in the fridge and asked my spouse if he wants it for lunch tomorrow.
In 1990, you went to McDonalds, handed them some cash, everyone paid the same
price.
Maybe they asked if you wanted a 25 cent apple pie with your $2 Big Mac because
IBM sure made them efficient.
The Ketchup Nazi took a sabbatical:
On the bright side, they had a big pile of ketchup on the counter.
For a long time you had to ask, and when you said “a bunch”, “a lot”, or “look,
at least give me enough for more than three fries”, they gave you 2-3 packages,
or sometimes 30 packets, depending on how pissed and fuck-this-place the worker
was after seeing their schedule that week.
So I started calling them the “Ketchup Nazis”, after that episode of Seinfeld
where they had an Eastern European guy with a Stalinist mustache, which they
called the Soup “Nazi”.
If you did anything to piss him off, he banned you from his restaurant, but his
customers learned his peculiarities and “not to push it” if he made a mistake,
because his soups were so good.
One day, George comes in and says they forgot his free bread. So the “Soup
Nazi” tells him bread for him will be $2. Then when George complains everyone
else got free bread, the “Soup Nazi” bans him from the store for two years.
He ends up getting Elaine to go in and buy soup for him incognito, after
several others fear getting on the “Soup Nazi’s” bad side and refuse for fear
of being banned as well, but Elaine doesn’t know the “Soup Nazi’s” protocols,
and gets herself banned too.
Eventually Kramer, who is good friends with the “Soup Nazi”, gets a nice
antique cabinet and sells it to Elaine, who finds out the “Soup Nazi” left all
his recipes inside it.
She walks down to the store and tells him to unban them or she’ll ruin his
business and “NO SOUP FOR YOU!”.
Anyway, I’m trying to get my CoC complaint against Walter_Francis/Khaytsus,_at
the_Fedora_project to the point where it’ll be no soup for Walter. But I doubt
his friends will do that to him.
Speaking of “hyperstagflation”…
One of “He Who Would Never Commit a CyberCrime’s” sockpuppets was in Techrights
IRC the other day.
He got me in a reading binge on this infamous counterfeiter in the 1800s.
The guy was a German immigrant, Emanual_Ninger, nicknamed “Jim the Penman”.
I don’t remember how the topic the troll brought up was germane to the German,
but I got lost in the side quest.
Apparently, he bought paper from Crane & Company, the same source as the US
Government for US bank notes, and although it was not the same exact paper, it
was their best quality bond paper, and he set out to trace the bills and then
draw in every tiny detail. He skipped the part about being produced by the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing because “dey didn’t make dem”, and also the
part about counterfeiting being punishable by imprisonment and hard labor, but
almost nobody ever noticed.
He finally got careless one day and got pinched because he made change for a
$50 at a liquor store and the note got wet and the ink started running, and the
owner of the establishment had Ninger found and arrested. The judge took
leniency on him because of his age and frailty.
To this day, there are collectors of “Ninger Notes” because they’re highly
sought after works of art, illegal to possess. The few people who have one
don’t want to draw attention, for the Secret Service would come and demand it.
I was thinking about Ninger while I was on the toilet at Panda Express, after
having paid $32 for two people to eat dinner yesterday.
It took Mr. Ninger, “Jim the Penman”, weeks of hard work and expensive
materials (the paper, mainly) to make a $20 or a $50 (his favorite) or a $100,
but it was worth it because those bills were all worth thousands of dollars in
today’s money.
In fact, “Jim” probably did the $50 so much because a $100 was an eye watering
amount of money back then and hard to explain, and almost certain to be closely
inspected even if it would have been appropriate in-context to the transaction.
Ostensibly, the reason the Secret Service would show up is that counterfeiting
is a risk to the economy, it destabilizes it, it’s inflationary.
The problem with this is nobody would spend a “Ninger Note”. They’re almost
priceless because so few survived the trial and the Secret Service destroying
them.
Even if the notes wouldn’t look so out of place today, nobody would ever part
with a Ninger $50 that’s worth about $10,000 under-the-table to another art
collector, on a meal at Panda Express, which is about all it buys now due to
the economic destabilization and inflation of…….“Joe the Biden”.
Set to work producing $100s, it would take Emanuel Ninger 2.684 billion years
to produce enough money to fund the federal government for a year, or 5.369
billion years if he did it in $50s, his favorite. █
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 677
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/obey-ibm/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/obey-ibm/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ [Meme]_Obey_Your_Master,_Obey_IBM⠀✐
Posted in Deception, IBM, Red_Hat at 7:41 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Simon_says:_You_can't_say_master⦈_
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇'master'_in_Fedora⦈_
Summary: Do not take advice on manners from IBM (they’ve had plenty of time to
‘correct’ the above and they still outsource almost everything to Microsoft’s
proprietary prison)
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⢿⡟⠛⢻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢹⡟⠉⡉⠙⢿⠉⠙⡏⠉⣿⣿⠏⠀⡄⠈⢿⠃⠀⠀⢣⠀⠹⠀⣸⠀⠰⣀⣈⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠰⣀⣨⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠁⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠉⠻⣿⠀⢰⠀⠸⡆⠀⢀⣿⣦⣀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠦⢄⠀⠙⡇⠀⢸⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⣇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⠉⣦⠀⢸⠀⢈⡀⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⡀⠀⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠘⠃⢀⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⡆⢰⡀⢀⣧⣀⣈⣀⣼⣆⣀⣧⣀⣸⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣼⣧⣤⣼⣤⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣴⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣤⣴⣦⣴⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠈⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠘⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠋⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢠⢣⢞⡡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠷⣦⣰⡆⣶⠊⢳⡆⠙⣦⡖⠉⠙⣎⡗⠉⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⣀⣀⡸⣻⣇⣿⡀⠸⠇⠀⠿⠷⢄⠠⠯⠧⠀⠼⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡠⠠⣠⣤⡄⣶⣶⣶⣠⣂⢶⣒⣆⣔⢲⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⢦⡤⣤⠤⠤⠢⢤⠀⠰⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢧⠀⠇⢀⠏⠀⠀⢹⠀⢸⠀⢸⣦⡏⠀⡄⠙⡟⠀⠀⢿⠀⠸⠀⢸⠀⣀⠀⢀⡸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡆⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⡷⠶⡇⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⠋⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⡿⣆⠀⠀⣸⣄⠘⠀⣸⠉⢇⠀⠃⣠⠁⢠⡀⠘⠀⢰⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠤⢤⣈⣩⣤⣤⣭⣉⣤⡈⣉⣭⣄⣠⣤⣉⣩⣥⣍⣉⠭⠭⣍⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣭⣡⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠰⣀⣹⠀⠀⢸⡀⠁⢀⡏⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⢄⣸⣤⠀⢠⡄⠀⣤⡇⠀⡄⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠶⢄⠈⠻⠀⠇⠀⡇⠀⣼⠀⡇⠀⡀⢀⠀⢸⠀⠆⠀⡷⠦⡀⠙⣿⠀⢸⡇⠀⣤⡇⠀⡄⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣄⣈⣀⣄⣀⣆⣀⣃⣀⡟⠀⢇⣀⣇⣸⣀⣀⣀⣆⣀⣣⣀⣁⡴⢿⣀⡸⣇⣀⣀⣇⣀⣇⣀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⡏⠉⠉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠂⢤⠄⠄⢠⡤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⡤⠀⠀⢴⡤⠠⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢢⡤⠠⠠⡄⢄⡠⠀⡤⡠⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⢤⠄⠠⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠
⠀⠙⠁⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣻⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡟⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣮⣿⡿⣡⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣼⣶⣦⣤⣵⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣮⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣽⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⣛⣫⣭⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣯⣭⣟⡳⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⣱⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠽⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⡿
⣷⡹⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣱⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶
⣿⣿⣶⣭⣝⣛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢟⣛⣯⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⣉⣿⡿⡏⠛⠛⣛⢿⣿⡟⣿⣿⡿⣿⣟⠻⠛⣿⣟⠻⢹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣼
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 809
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/opensuse-and-more/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/opensuse-and-more/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Mullvad_VPN_Does_Work_on_openSUSE;_General_Thoughts_on_openSUSE_Leap_15.5.
Bonus:_Hopefully_the_Last_Rants_About_IBM,_Red_Hat,_Fedora.⠀✐
Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, IBM, OpenSUSE at 2:26 am by Guest
Editorial Team
Reprinted with permission from Ryan_Farmer
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇openSUSE_screenshot⦈_
Mullvad doesn’t support it, but it does work.
I managed to get Mullvad VPN to work on openSUSE and about the only caveat
seems to be that the RPM package that supports Fedora 37+ expects that dbus-
libs will be named that when it lists its dependencies, otherwise it works
fine. I looked around and Mullvad’s only comment is it’s not a priority for
them that they have customers who want to pay them and use openSUSE. sigh
Do I detect just a hint of Fedora fanboy-ism?
I did sudo zypper install and it complained about
that, so I chose option 2. Break Mullvad by ignoring the “dbus-libs”
dependency.
Then it installed it and the other dependencies and everything seems to work
and no broken system. (yay!) I set the Lockdown Mode (to make sure nothing can
access the internet until the VPN is working) and launch on startup and auto-
connect.
It doesn’t appear that anything fails to work properly. I went ahead and did an
“Extended DNS Leak Test” and it wasn’t leaking. I checked my IP address and the
site showed my Mullvad-assigned VPN ipv4 and no ipv6. (As it should be.)
Then I used TorGuard’s “What is my Torrent IP” page to check and sure enough
Transmission leaked the real IPv6.
Then I remembered I had to go into the WiFi settings in NetworkManager in
Fedora and set IPv6 to disabled and reconnect to the WiFi and that solved the
problem here too.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇SeaMonkey⦈_
I did run into one little hair in the soup with SeaMonkey though.
openSUSE didn’t build it with ChatZilla. I’m not really sure how or why, but I
suppose I could dump the tarball into /opt.
I downloaded an unpacked the SeaMonkey 2.53.17 tarball into my home directory
for now and it seems to work okay there, except somehow (both with my backed up
and unpacked profile from Fedora and a blank one) I can no longer get
WordPress.com to log in. They must have read about my success and put in more
“Diarrhea Code” for GULAG CRASH. 😛
Also, Leap doesn’t have the latest SeaMonkey (they have 2.53.14 as of this
writing) which is alarming because… Web browser and security patches.
Also, while SeaMonkey doesn’t get along famously with all of this “Diarrhea
Code” on some sites, they do backport some Web platform code from later Gecko
releases and it does make a large difference.
At one point, Element (the Web App version of a Matrix client) wasn’t working
at all in SeaMonkey, but now it does, at least the one hosted on nerdsin.space.
As far as KDE, it appears that YaST automatically logs you in if you’re the
only user or something.
(There’s a switch to turn this behavior off in the user creation screen in the
installer.)
Other than that wtf (in the trial run on my old laptop, then searching how to
fix it), the system seems to run okay. I enabled zram with zstd and put an
active swap on it (no SWAP partition during setup) and edited /etc/fstab to use
BtrFS Compress level 1 with zstd and then defragmented the file system with the
compress option to make existing files compressed.
I’m not really amused by the attitude of some of these VPN companies where they
don’t think making distribution-specific packages for distributions that have
significant users is important. I detect a hint of Fedora fanboyism at Mullvad.
Oh well.
Fedora has been getting a lot more lulzy lately.
Yesterday I had my first HARD (hold the power button down) crash in a long LONG
time.
This made it seem more urgent to get away from Fedora considering their OS bugs
that are already causing audio glitches. I_blogged_previously_about_the_bad
Fedora_updates_making_my_sound_card_do_weird_stuff. My spouse was complaining
because it makes a high pitched “warbling” screeching sound and sometimes the
only way to make it stop is to reboot.
I know what I’m doing with Fedora systems and I always clean up the mess that’s
left after a dnf upgrade.
—Obligatory Joke Time—
I’m not like “Security Expert” Matthew J. Garrett who had to go 10 Fed versions
at once and couldn’t figure out RPM and Mr. Bean’d the solution because he
didn’t know RPM has a switch to ignore signatures.
(Just shoot the light bulb with a pellet gun and replace the bulb every
morning. So much easier than learning the light switch.)
—/Obligatory Joke Time—
—Security—
We had more sockpuppets in TechRights this morning. “He Who Would Never Commit
a Cybercrime” appears to have spewed some CTCP crap in our IRC channel that was
vaguely meant to look like some sort of l33t h4x0ring or something….I don’t
know why. (Roy says he got some too.) Just some jerk that was trying to see if
I thought something was actually happening. So that was a minor distraction for
about a few seconds I guess.
Although it does give me time to turn to a rather unfortunate default setting
in openSUSE that sshd is on by default and the port is open, and if you aren’t
observant in the installer, you might miss that. (What is this? Windows 98!?
Come back, you forgot to include NetBIOS!)
Although I do need to give them points for letting you remove “shim” for
“Secure Boot” since it’s off in my firmware and I won’t ever turn it on. There
is no actual security advantage from leaving it on, it only puts Microsoft in
control of what you can boot.
Even Spectre/Meltdown mitigations are configurable. If you have an old system
that it slows down way too much (the old stuff where process context id is not
a CPU feature, especially), you can risk it. Sadly, it’s mostly this “Clown
Computing” and Modern Web shit that’s putting people at much risk from these
chip bugs.
—/Security—
—Fedora and IBM Rant—
The situation in Fedora is not just IBM Red Hat’s hate speech trolls. Oh no, if
it was only that they had losers on IRC flaming people and kicking them out of
some dumb room, I could totally get past that. Hell, I know more about Fedora
than most of the moderators (who use Edge on Windows and Safari on Mac in the
case of fedora-kde).
It’s that the thing is falling down like a termite-infested house. I’m betting
we get one, maybe two more releases before it’s either so awful you’d have to
be out of your mind to consider installing it on something or IBM finally pulls
the plug.
I had considered using a RHEL clone, then quickly decided against it when IBM
Red Hat went further in hiding their source code. They are not a Free Software
company.
Now, what I need to remember to do next time is tidy things up instead of
littering the SSD with stuff from the director who brought you Untitled
Document 1 and Untitled Document 2, the Untitled Document series spanning more
than Taken.
—/Fedora and IBM Rant—
And how many times can they take Liam Neeson’s family hostage?
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇openSUSE_Leap⦈_
Aaaaand….
Before I got around to posting this, I managed to finish up my backups and get
openSUSE Leap 15.5 on my main laptop.
Things I’ve learned so far (from breaking it on my other laptop a few times and
finding issues with my Gen12 Intel Tiger Lake laptop):
KDE has gotten a lot better since the last time I tried it. It’s very fast and
I have yet to run into any real problems. Just the usual post-install run
around changing all the preferences.
The user interface of KDE reminds me how much I really disliked GNOME’s_Human
Interface._(Broken_iPhone_with_One_Button_Meets_Windows_8.)
You can get used to anything….
Anyway, quirks I ran into along the way that may be worth noting in case I run
into them again:
openSUSE ships broken and gimpy Mesa and media codecs, like Fedora did, because
of US patents. But like Fedora’s RPM Fusion, you have “Packman” for openSUSE.
Fixing this problem involved visiting_this_official_Wiki_page and selecting the
instructions from Option 1, the OBS Package Installer, to change to the codecs
and Mesa from Packman.
When I was done with that, I still didn’t have Vulkan graphics API support for
my Intel GPU, just OpenGL, or Video Acceleration API for GStreamer codecs.
No Problem, a trip to Yast Software now offered that, I think. It was just
there being offered, so I hit apply and reboot and vulkaninfo showed that
Vulkan was now working. I think that’s how I fixed it.
Sound didn’t work, turned out to be a missing sound firmware, but I installed
it with sudo zypper install sof-firmware and then went to Yast and had it
automatically configure my Tiger Lake Sound Chipset in the Sound applet.
I specifically chose everything on btrfs and to remove everything Fedora did to
the SSD, and then I set up BtrFS with Compression and zram_with_a_swap.
(Some of this appears to be outdated already. On my system, it only created one
zram device of the size of my installed physical RAM, and put a swap device on
it, which is what I wanted it to do.)
All around, I can say that openSUSE could use a lot of polishing if it wants to
appeal to casual and novice users. I probably wouldn’t recommend it to people
who can already barely poke around a Mac or something, but technically-inclined
users should be able to get a productive desktop OS set up in fairly short
order. (Though I would recommend tossing it around on a spare computer for a
few days.)
I’d say that the technical underpinnings are what I’m looking for, and Leap is
based on an enterprise Linux distribution, and one where everyone can actually
look and see what’s in it.
—Another IBM/Fedora Rant—
IBM Red Hat has been running around basically threatening people that if they
show you what’s in the Linux kernel that RHEL uses, they’ll cancel your
subscription, no refund.
Do they have a legal right to cancel a subscription when the GPL clearly says
they can’t impose further terms on people? That’s obviously something that’s in
a legal gray area.
All I know is that it’s ethically disgusting and flies in the face of the
spirit of Free and Open Source Software.
Sadly, the march towards this behavior started long before IBM. Years before
IBM even bought the company, Red Hat said they were no longer going to break
out patches. They would just release the full source code.
This was meant to make it difficult to easily figure out what they had done,
but it was certainly allowed by the GPL. I think that they’re just behaving
like Canonical, Oracle, and Google now, and violating laws, norms, and customs
and daring anyone to do anything about it because you’d be up against IBM even
if you did.
I wasn’t going to switch operating systems from Fedora just over that, but it
certainly wasn’t helping their case any.
I would never recommend someone standardize on what Nancy Pelosi might call,
“Pass it so you can find out what’s in it.”.
I also didn’t want to plant myself on an enterprise distribution based on RHEL
only to find out that they were going to threaten people if they divulged what
was in userspace too. I mean, they could go there. They’ve done this. Why
wouldn’t they go there?
At the moment, you could probably cobble together an OS that’s like 99.97% RHEL
out of the userspace of RHEL (no longer provided as source RPMs, obviously to
harass the rebuild process) and a kernel plucked from CentOS, and it would be
very very close, but again, it wouldn’t be “exactly” RHEL.
This is where they are now, but as we’ve seen before, IBM is terrified of
Oracle eating their lunch.
Obviously, Debian 12 just came out, and there’s Ubuntu Long Term Support, but
honestly Canonical_is_at_least_as_toxic_as_IBM_and_not_even_20%_as_competent.
So that left me at Debian 12 or openSUSE Leap 15.x and it was a coin toss at
that point and I just evaluated openSUSE first and determined that they did
decent work and I could manage this.
The pain of switching operating systems after you’ve been on one for a few
years is significant. It’s also fundamentally incompatible with “Don’t make me
do things.”
So I did not make this decision lightly. To draw a comparison, this Fedora
thing is like trying to settle on a substandard foundation where bad
contractors are constantly working, never finished, day and night, and trying
to make the best out of it.
That was okay when Fedora had a community that hadn’t disappeared, and before
IBM Red Hat started mass layoffs. There’s a brain drain, a massive one, and you
have people like “Khaytsus” staffing the chat rooms. Why in God’s name did I
ever go in there?
Nobody in there knows as much as I already do about Fedora. 90% of the
moderators use Windows and Macs. About all I got for my trouble was being k-
lined from all Libera Chat (again), because I let one of their peckerhead idiot
moderators goad me into talking back instead of just giving up on Fedora where
I was at and realizing it was time to go.
Nobody at Fedora has taken any action on the Code_of_Conduct_report_I_filed
against_Khaytsus. I would believe you if you told me that everyone it signed up
for the issue isn’t even in the project anymore and nobody turned off the
light.
I don’t encourage new users to install Fedora and get comfortable and lay the
mounting problems aside and let them slowly get worse.
At this rate, I do wonder how long until IBM just taps out of it and declares
that you can use CentOS Stream if you want to risk a broken operating system at
any minute testing “candidate updates” (you’re the guinea pig) for RHEL.
They don’t actually need Fedora for any of IBM’s ambitions at this point and it
shows.
Roy Schestowitz commented that Planet Fedora is a ghost town now.
—/Another IBM/Fedora Rant—
Finally, a humorous observation about openSUSE.
Some screen chatter went by earlier while I was using zypper up to fetch my
security updates.
Something complained that the part of systemd that Red Hat figured would be
just a super fantastic idea, which shits binary core dumps (crash dumps) into
your system logs, is apparently not included with openSUSE.
I just thought it was interesting that it has systemd but they’re obviously not
wild about at least some of it.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Stoooooppppp!!!!!!!!!⦈_
Then again, you know systemd is there because I got the infamous “A stop job is
running on….” with the 1 minute 30 second timer before the OS declares “It’s
dead, Jim.” and turns off the computer, presuming nothing else does it.
I must remember to do what I did on Fedora where it happened constantly and
reduce the timer to 30 seconds. █
⠀⠠⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣆⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠻⡿⠿⣿⢿⢿⡿⡟⢿⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣽⣾⣿⣷⣷⣼⣯⣿⣯⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣽⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢩⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣭⣯⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠃⠛⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⡉⢉⠉⢉⠉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡉⠉⢩⣭⣭⣍⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⠿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠰⠆⠘⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠶⠆⠰⠗⠀⢖⠆⠀⠿⠀⠐⠆⠀⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠔⠀⠂⠀⠀⠆⠰⠀⠂⠠⠀⠦⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀
⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⡀
⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠉⡈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠁
⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠬⠽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡯⠰⠰⢂⡶⠶⠦⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⢹⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣶⣤⣴⣶⣀⢂⡴⣄⢰⣶⢤⡦⣶⢸⣇⣼⣿⣯⣿⣏⣁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠼⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⡇⠃⢊⢀⣍⡉⠁⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣝⣈⣁⣁⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢨⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢘⠀⣁⣁⠣⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣃⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣄⣂⣷⣶⣌⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡈⠀⠠⢀⠄⣐⣠⣢⡤⠶⠒⠓⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠤⠈⡁⢰⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣭⣿⣿⣿⣇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⡇⠀⣤⣬⣿⡝⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣪⠈⠐⠒⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⣄⡀⡽⠛⢛⣛⣛⡙⠉⣉⣉⡈⠉⠉⠻⢿⡯⠯⠭⣭⠩⢥⠁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠒⠚⠻⠯⠭⢽⡇⢠⡀⠋⠀⠐⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡴⠖⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠂⠀⠀⠘⠀⠸⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⢉⠹⠉⠉⣉⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠞⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡴⠟⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢆⠹⢷⣆⠍⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣯⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣻⠋⠙⢛⠻⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠛⠛⠚⢺⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢺⠀⠂⠃⢆⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⠉⠉⠍⠩⠩⠉⠍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢙⠥
⠰⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠶⠂⠰⠖⠀⢂⠆⠀⠰⠀⠰⠶⠀⢀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠂⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢠⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⣶⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠸⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⣀⣄⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠓⠃⠀⠀⣠⣼⣾⣾⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣇⣂⣒⣒⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣀⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡟⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣾⣿⣷⢆⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣠⣤⢤⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡭⠨⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⡷⠛⠁⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡛⠐⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣍⢈⣉⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢒⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠯⠭⠭⠭⠭⠥⠯⠏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣶⣶⣶⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣟⣛⡻⣥⣽⣟⣯⡟⠋⠛⠋⠃⠙⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⡒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢒⠒⡒⠒⢒⡒⣂⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣍⣩⣍⣍⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠻⠻⠿⣿⣿⡿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⠍⠋⠉⢉⣿⠍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣃⣼⠀⠐⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⡯⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣦⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢹⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⡿⠇⡀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠏⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⠇⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡇⠀⠼⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⢀⠄⢀⡀⠀⠠⣤⣄⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠠⠄⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣟⡀⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠡⣾⣿⣟⠀⢀⣼⠥⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠄⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣴⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠶⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠁⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⢿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣹⣿⣃⡀⠀⠀⣦⣆⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠛⠛⠻⠿⠻⠟⠛⠋⠉⠈⠑⢦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣦⣄⣴⣾⣷⣆⣤⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠐⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢻⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣫⡵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⠐⠉⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⡁⠀⠀⢀⣠⣼⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡇⡠⠚⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠇⣠⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢊⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣽⣿⢻⣿⣿⣫⣿⣝⣭⣯⣅⣽⣿⢻⣽⣭⣻⣿⣍⣿⣯⣽⣷⣤⣴⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣴⣬⣿⣯⣹⣿⣍⣿⣦⣰⣶⣭⣿⣽⣯⣿⣿⣽⡯⣿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣽⣯⣿⢿⣿
⡇⠀⢘⣿⣯⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⢻⡿⠟⣿⠿⢻⡿⠟⣿⢸⡿⣿⣿⢹⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⣿⣿⢸⣿
⡇⢀⣼⣿⣻⣼⣻⣾⣻⣿⣼⣿⣯⣟⣟⣯⣿⣟⣽⣻⣻⣼⣻⣻⣝⣿⣧⣟⣟⣯⣻⣛⣜⣻⣛⣝⣻⡋⠛⠃⢘⣛⣤⣛⣣⣜⣛⣀⡛⠃⠙⢛⣾⣟⣣⣷⣛⣼⣞⣳⣿⣛⣘⣛⣛⣛⡚⢃⡛⠛⠛⠓⠛⠚⠛⠛⠈⠉
⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣉⣁⣠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣭⣷⣞⣋⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1341
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/the-world-wide-web-crisis/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/the-world-wide-web-crisis/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ The_World_Wide_Web_Crisis⠀✐
Posted in Deception at 6:50 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum 0041e81d0ff4a6db8c528d99401b1d8e
WWW and CG Threat to It
Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0
http://techrights.org/videos/www-cg-spam.webm
Summary: The World Wide Web is being filled with bots, not just those scanning
its contents but those that generate the contents
THE technical nature of the Web is getting worse. In addition to security and
vendor lock-in aspects we’re getting DRM. But what about the content of the
Web? Is that getting any better? Or a whole lot worse?
This morning we were moaning_about_sites_that_create_nothing and basically
publish Computer-Generated (CG) nonsense, a word salad and some “art” that’s
plagiarised with slight derivations. At the moment that does not constitute the
majority of the Web, but that can do sufficient damage to discourage
journalism, especially if Google cannot distinguish between real articles and
fake ones, in turn rewarding the CG plagiarism. █
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1386
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/08/14/windows-overthrown-in-niger/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/08/14/windows-overthrown-in-niger/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Windows_Overthrown_in_Niger,_Down_to_8%market_Share(It_Used_to_be_99%)⠀✐
Posted in Africa, GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Windows at 8:33 pm by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Desktop,Mobile&_Console_Operating_System_Market_Share
Niger_-_recent⦈_
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Desktop,Mobile&_Console_Operating_System_Market_Share
Niger_-_historic⦈_
Summary: As of this_month or last month, Windows stood at just 8.5% of the
operating systems “market” in Niger and 14_years_ago_it_was_99%; Android, which
is Linux-based, has taken over (rapid transition around 2014-2016)
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⣶⢹⠩⢻⠭⡇⢋⣭⡝⣭⢻⣩⢻⣿⣿⡼⣏⢸⣫⣻⢨⡝⣿⢸⠫⢻⣿⢕⢸⣿⡏⣶⣾⣫⣻⢩⡝⡫⢽⣫⡻⢸⠫⢻⣿⣵⣶⢹⣫⣻⠫⢻⢩⡯⠝⣭⡇⡏⣍⡟⠍⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣯⣥⣾⣭⣭⣭⣧⣧⣧⣵⣭⣾⣭⣼⣼⣿⣷⣼⣼⣬⣼⣬⣵⣿⣼⣬⣽⣿⣬⣴⣽⣷⣭⣽⣬⣼⣼⣧⣭⣼⣬⣼⣼⣬⣽⣿⣮⣥⣾⣬⣼⣬⣽⣼⣯⣥⣧⣥⣧⣿⡇⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣑⠾⢻⢛⠛⡏⣻⠛⢻⣛⢛⣻⣿⢈⢿⡁⡟⠛⣟⣻⢟⡟⠛⡋⣻⣏⠶⢿⣛⢻⠛⢻⣛⠟⠛⣿⣯⢻⢸⡟⣛⡻⠛⢿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣭⣥⢇⣾⣥⣷⣽⣭⣽⣿⣼⣿⣿⣼⣤⣧⣤⣥⣿⣿⣶⣥⣭⣧⣽⣯⣭⣾⣿⣼⣬⣼⣿⣮⣭⣿⣿⣷⣼⡏⠤⣱⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⢉⠏⢟⡻⠿⣿⡭⣹⣭⣯⢝⣭⣿⡿⢿⡟⢹⢻⢻⡛⣿⣭⢹⣭⣯⢍⡭⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣼⣦⣮⣽⣶⣿⣤⣽⣭⣧⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣧⣮⣌⣀⣿⣥⣽⣭⣧⣬⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠉⠍⠉⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⢉⠙⠻⢿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡟⠛⢉⣁⣉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣈⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣈⣁⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣉⠙⠻⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠋⣀⣴⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠙⢿⡿⠟⠛⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠛⠻⢿⠟⠋⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣉⣙⣉⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⢀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠿⢿⠋⠿⠿⠿⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠸⢿⠿⠀⠀⢀⢠⣿⣂⣈⣀⣋⣀⣸⣘⣃⣛⣃⣛⣠⣘⣀⣀⣇⣇⣘⣀⣂⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣄⣀⣀⣹⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣤⣥⣤⣽⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⢿⠿⠿⣷⢠⣤⣤⣄⣈⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣬⣤⣤⣼⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠂⣀⣀⣀⡀⠐⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡈⠛⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡈⠙⠉⢉⣉⣀⣤⣴⣶⣤⣤⣀⣈⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡿⠿⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠲⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠶⠶⠖⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢀⣀⣤⣴⣦⣤⣀⣀⠈⠛⠻⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⣉⣉⣁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣄⣈⡉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠦⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠠⣤⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠠⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠦⠈⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢒⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢒⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢖⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠲⢶⣶⣶⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢊⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠣⠂⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠂⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠂⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠐⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠐⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠐⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠓⢮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⢦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡲⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠲⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠚⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⢄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⠂⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡂⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠠⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡁⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⡭⣿⡙⠛⢛⢛⠛⠙⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢩⢙⡏⠉⡉⡛⠋⠛⠛⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢭⢙⡏⢭⢉⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣥⣿⣭⣴⣤⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣵⣧⣧⣦⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣴⣧⣧⣦⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣿⠭⠹⠙⠛⢻⡋⠋⠻⢹⠟⠛⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣞⠋⢹⡩⠅⠫⣭⡍⣭⡏⣭⢻⣿⣧⠻⡅⣯⡍⣯⣭⡇⣿⠉⢹⣿⣐⠜⣿⢱⣶⣯⡍⣏⣭⣏⠭⢫⡝⢸⠉⢹⣿⢶⡆⡏⣭⡏⠉⣏⡽⠍⡇⣽⡏⣭⡏⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣇⣶⢧⣿⢿⣷⣷⣷⢶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⠾⡿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⡿⣿⣷⢶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣇⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣇⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣙⠏⢯⣉⢭⣽⢉⣹⣭⢩⣽⣿⢈⢯⢸⣉⣿⣭⢘⠍⣉⡃⣽⣧⣙⡇⣭⡿⡉⡏⣝⣉⣹⡇⣌⢿⢸⠩⣝⣉⣻⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣶⣏⣾⣶⡾⣶⢶⡾⢿⠾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣿⡾⢾⠶⣷⢾⡷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣾⣾⣒⣼⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡳⢸⣶⣿⠟⢌⠗⡿⢿⠭⣽⣛⡿⣐⠃⠇⠗⢼⡟⢽⠾⡸⠳⠯⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⢀⠹⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡖⠒⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⠖⠖⣖⡖⠶⢶⢶⡶⡶⣖⢖⢖⠖⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠛⠛⠚⠓⠒⠒⠚⠛⠓⠒⠒⠓⠛⠚⠛⠒⠛⠓⠒⠓⠓⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣩⣍⣹⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠀⠛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠛⠙⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⢛⣛⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢿⡿⠐⢠⡈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⡈⠘⠛⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⢿⣿⠁⠈⠻⠛⠁⠈⠟⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠁⣼⣿⣷⠀⢻⠛⣿⣿⡇⢰⣿⣦⣤⡄⢠⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢁⣠⣤⡀⠻⠀⣿⠀⢠⣾⣧⣤⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠘⣿⡏⠀⠀⠠⣴⣦⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠛⡏⢙⠃⠘⠀⡘⢛⡛⢛⠃⠈⠐⠈⠃⡀⡚⠛⠛⢛⣿⣿⠀⢻⠀⠻⣿⠃⣸⣿⣿⣧⠀⢰⣿⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⣠⣼⣧⣥⣦⠄⢁⣠⣤⣴⣬⣴⣬⣼⣄⣠⡄⠀⣧⣴⣬⣤⣼⣿⣿⡇⠈⠀⡆⠘⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⣦⣼⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⡖⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⢠⣶⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠁⢈⠀⢰⣿⣇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣟⠩⡉⢹⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠀⣛⣛⣛⠃⣐⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠀⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡏⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠁⣾⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⠋⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠇⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣷⠀⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠹⡟⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⠀⣠⣾⡀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣼⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠅⠈⢀⣭⡄⠀⠈⣭⣭⣭⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣬⣥⡀⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡍⠀⠀⠀⡀⠉⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⠭⠀⣭⣤⣭⣭⣅⠈⠭⠭⠍⠀⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⣄⣸⣿⣿⡿⠀⠻⢿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣀⡀⠳⡆⠈⠹⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⣀⣰⣇⠀⣿⠀⠘⠻⣿⠟⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡴⠿⢁⡉⠃⠂⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⡀⠈⠙⠟⠀⠈⠙⠉⠹⣿⠟⠀⠸⠇⠀⡀⠁⠀⠀⢸⠶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠄⠀⠠⠀⣄⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠟⠛⠀⣤⡤⠾⣿⠃⠠⠤⠄⠀⠀⣀⣷⣄⠈⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠲⠾⠿⠷⢦⠄⠀⠀⠘⠀⠈⠛⠉⠉⠉⠘⠉⠙⠉⠁⠀⠐⠂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠛⠛⠙⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠑⠒⠀⠐⠂⠐⠒⠚⠛⠛⠓⠒⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠓⠒⠛⠒⠛⠛⠛⠒⠚⠛⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⡶⠀⢲⣶⣶⠆⣒⣶⣶⡶⢠⢒⣿⣶⡏⡙⣿⣿⣿⠏⣻⣿⣿⡏⡛⣿⣿⣿⠙⢹⣿⣿⡏⡝⣿⣿⣿⠉⢻⣶⣶⡏⡀⣾⣶⡶⠀⢰⣶⣶⠶⡒⣶⣶⡶⢠⢒⣶⣶⠆⠰⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿
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⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣟⣿⠛⠿⠿⢿⡿⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡻⡟⠻⠻⡿⡟⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⠻⡟⡿⡟⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣣⣼⣘⣷⣀⣀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣢⣗⣁⣀⣎⣀⣸⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣤⣗⡉⣰⣀⣂⣀⣰⣀⣂⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⠩⠹⠙⠛⢻⠙⠋⠏⠏⠛⠋⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1505
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_14/08/2023:_Movie_Showcase_and_Digital_Detox⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 7:53 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
# Programming
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ Movie_Showcase:_Into_the_Spider-verse⠀⇛
When I first watched “Spiderman: Into the Spider-
verse (2018)” I was expecting a solid eight, or
maybe a nine; how good could another spiderman
movie be, anyway?
So it was an unexpected surprise when the movie not
only hit “ten” on my personal scale; it redefined
it.
“Spiderman: Into the Spider-verse” is a fantastic
super hero movie, succeeding as it does in playing
the story completely straight while simultaneously
making fun of it and injecting a healthy dose of
new ideas; but far more than that: it redefined
what an animated movie can do, visually.
# ⚓ All_over_the_place⠀⇛
Since the last entry I’ve been to Colorado, Kansas,
Alberta, Texas, Arizona, Illinois, Louisiana,
Alabama, Mississippi, Iowa, and likely some other
states that do not immediately spring to mind. I am
going to try and be more regular with the updates
moving forward.
# ⚓ the_soul’s_agenda⠀⇛
“…If our work does not support our soul, then the
soul will exact its butcher’s bill elsewhere.
Wherever the soul’s agenda is not served, some
pathology will service in the arena of daily life.
We may choose careers, but we do not choose
vocation. Vocation chooses us. *To choose what
chooses us* is a freedom the by-product of which
will be a sense of rightness and a harmony within,
even if lived out in the world of conflict, absent
validation, and at considerable personal cost.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Bop_Skitfeld⠀⇛
This whole place keeps gnawing at my brain. The
wires. The circuitry. The unorganized cables.
Castles made of discarded junk, soldered together
by slaves and fools working for the opportunity to
get their hands on antique tech. All under the
watchful lense of glistening bi-pedal semi-
sentients. The loud screech of jury-rigged cooling
fans, the clacking of the drum drives that were
never allowed to die.
Every morning I am reminded of my sub-serviency, as
a metallic arm squeezes 1/3rd of the daily protein
ration inside a paper cup, before I am walked to
the stripery. The monochrome walls of my
discomfort. “The wheel of the market must turn!”
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Emergency_Notifications,_Mastodon,_the_Climate
Crisis⠀⇛
The last few years (the last decade? when was
the starting point?) have seen things get
decidedly worse. Weather is hotter, more
variable. In 2021, Lytton, British Columbia
burned after a wildfire got out of control.
The area had record setting temperatures,
peaking at over 49C. I was born in BC, and
the Interior gets warm, but not like that.
There are lots of similar stories. Spain is
supposed to get ground temperatures above 50
degrees. People are dying from heat and it’s
only going to get worse. The last few years
we’ve all been learning about wet bulb
temperatures. Everyone’s wondering what’s
going to happen 10, 20, 40 years down the
line, but climate change is hitting what
feels like exponentially quicker than we
expected. Now I’m wondering what next year
will be like. Should I start a little light
hoarding? I just opened a new sack of rice –
should I get another, just in case?
# ⚓ Changing_domain_names⠀⇛
I have registered the domain
geminiprotocol.net. There is nothing there
yet, but in the near future this will become
the domain for the official Project Gemini
capsule. Fear not, the familiar
gemini.circumlunar.space hostname won’t
disappear. Instead, I plan to split the
official capsule in two. The CAPCOM
aggregator, the SFTP user capsules, and the
SSH kiosk will all remain at their current
gemini.circumlunar.space URLs. The official
news feed, documentation like the FAQ, and
the protocol specifications will move to the
new geminiprotocol.net.
This is a big change! I will do all that I
can to make it as smooth as possible. I’ll
put redirects in place to ensure that no
links or bookmarks break, and my hope is that
SFTP users will not even notice anything has
changed aside from a very brief window of
downtime. The change will probably happen in
late August or very early September. I will
make announcements here at every relevant
stage to keep people abreast of the
transition.
# ⚓ Re:_The_Minimalist_Vegan⠀⇛
I was going to point out an error in the URL,
but now that I’m writing this up it has
already been fixed. Since I have already read
the book by now, I was able to kinda fix the
broken link by myself – and it was totally
worth it! The book is a rather short one, it
took me less than two hours straight to read
it through, but I really enjoyed it. Now I
have to admit that it didn’t bring anything
new for me to the table, but it is really
well written and to the point, and probably
much easier to digest at first than other,
more comprehensive works.
I can totally recommend it to anyone using
Gemini, even to those who won’t want to
become a vegan!
# ⚓ Re:_What_if_Gemini_could_be_served_on_port_80?⠀⇛
It can be, in which case you’ll have “gemini:
//example.org:80″ links instead of the
shorter “gemini://example.org”. Downsides
include the need to deal with the usual “only
root can listen on ports <1024″ restriction,
or more problematic that lots of web scanners
will be poking at your gemini service. This
may fill the logs and will waste CPU.
Also client software will tend to expect HTTP
at TCP/80, and will probably throw weird
errors if a client ever points their normie
browser to your http://example.org:80 that
runs gemini. Probably not the best
experience. Good luck getting the browser
company to support Gemini?
# ⚓ Digital_Detox_2⠀⇛
Another round of removing online accounts.
Due to some completely unforseen wiggle in
the delicate fabric of space time it occured
to me that I could get rid of three more
accounts since I last wrote about it.
[...]
And by now, my job life is nearing its end
rather than the next exciting position with
demanding challenges. So, why keep it? I
could cancel the premium thing online. But I
had to request a service ticket to get the
whole thing deleted. With a bit of luck it
should be gone in a few days.
# § Programming⠀➾
# ⚓ KL1_on_a_Mac_M1⠀⇛
KL1 is a programming language from the 1980s
Japanese 5th Generation project. It’s a
committed-choice logic programming language
derived from Prolog, but (perhaps fatally)
not particularly compatible with Prolog.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1762
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_14/08/2023:_IPFire_Release_and_Loads_of_HowTos⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 12:30 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Audiocasts/Shows
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o Games
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
# GNOME_Desktop/GTK
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o New_Releases
o BSD
o PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva_Family
o SUSE/OpenSUSE
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Devices/Embedded
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Events
o Programming/Development
o Standards/Consortia
* Leftovers
o Education
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
o Security
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
# Wildlife/Nature
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Monopolies
# Patents
# Copyrights
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Indian_armed_forces_gives_Windows_its_marching
orders_•_The_Register⠀⇛
Indian mythology is rich beyond measure in tales of gods,
demons, and humans doing battle. Deception, alliances,
betrayal, supernatural weaponry, and devastating
consequences tangle with morality and greed. If you think
that sounds like today’s global technology maelstrom,
that’s forgivable.
So when the Indian Ministry of Defence announced that it
would be ditching Microsoft Windows in favor of “locally
developed” open source Maya OS to increase security, it’s
fair to see this as part of the great cycle of conflict
between FOSS and proprietary systems. Such decisions are
never purely pragmatic, even though that’s frequently the
justification, and when policy rather than practicality
has the upper hand, the results can be excitingly mixed.
o ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-06_[Older]_Linux_Weekly_Roundup
#247⠀⇛
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Ride_the_Rhino_|_LINUX_Unplugged_523⠀⇛
We’re trying out Rhino Linux—a unique take on
rolling Ubuntu with AUR-like powers and other
surprises.
# ⚓ Tux Digital ☛ This_Week_in_Linux_229:_Rolling_Ubuntu
Distro,_New_CPU_Flaws,_Linux_Mint_Gets_EDGEy_&_more_Linux
news!⠀⇛
On this episode of This Week in Linux (229), we’re
going to take a look at a new rolling release
distro based on Ubuntu. Linux Mint will soon be
living on the EDGE. AMD is experiencing some
INCEPTION and Intel is meeting their DOWNFALL.
# ⚓ GNU World Order (Audio Show) ☛ GNU_World_Order_525⠀⇛
**glibc** , all of the **glib** packages, **gmime**
, **gmm** , and **gmp**
from the **l** software series of Slackware**,
**and musings about the
usefulness of errors.
shasum -
a256=2b4cf08853929c94d417df2b21c31d5d38ed8953d691b8b956953c035108c4d1
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ OMG! Linux ☛ See_System_Info_on_Linux_with_New_App
‘Inspector’⠀⇛
Want to learn more about the hardware your Linux
device uses? Inspector is a new GTK4/libdawaita app
that lets you do just that.
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_The_Top_12_Must-Have_Apps
for_Debian_Users⠀⇛
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Bypassing_the_Risk:_How_to_Avoid_Hardcoding_Your_Password
in_PostgreSQL⠀⇛
Securing passwords is a critical aspect of
maintaining data integrity in PostgreSQL. In order
to access a database, users must authenticate
themselves by providing a valid username and
password. While there are several methods for
storing and managing passwords securely, hardcoding
passwords within code is never recommended.
# ⚓ Leveraging_Connection_Service_Files_in_PostgreSQL_for
Smoother_Operations⠀⇛
PostgreSQL is one of the most popular open-source
relational database management systems (RDBMS) used
in the industry today. It is known for its
robustness, reliability, and scalability, making it
a preferred choice of many enterprise applications.
# ⚓ François_Marier:_Using_iptables_with_systemd-networkd⠀⇛
I used to rely on ifupdown to bring up my iptables
firewall automatically using a config like this in
/etc/network/interfaces: [...]
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_How_to_Delete_Files_on_a
Chromebook⠀⇛
# ⚓ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Beginner’s_Guide:_How_to_Install_Python
on_Ubuntu,_Step_by_Step⠀⇛
# ⚓ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Mastering_Curl_in_Linux:_How_to_Use_the
Curl_Command_Effectively⠀⇛
# ⚓ Kifarunix ☛ 2023-08-06_[Older]_Serverless_Computing_with
Linux_on_AWS_Lambda⠀⇛
# ⚓ 2023-08-06_[Older]_Mastering_File_Copying_in_Linux:_A_Guide
to_Using_the_cp_Command⠀⇛
# ⚓ Resolving_Connection_Failures:_A_Troubleshooting_Guide_for
PostgreSQL_Users⠀⇛
# ⚓ Demystifying_Database_Systems:_How_to_Locate_Your
PostgreSQL_System_Identifier⠀⇛
# ⚓ Taking_PostgreSQL_to_the_Cloud:_The_Future_of_Database
Management⠀⇛
# ⚓ Decoding_the_Server_Type:_A_Deep_Dive_into_PostgreSQL
Server_Architecture⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_Determine_Your_PostgreSQL_Server_Version⠀⇛
# ⚓ Customizing_User_Experiences:_Setting_Parameters_for
Specific_User_Groups_in_PostgreSQL⠀⇛
In today’s digital age, businesses require software
and applications that are tailored to their needs.
User experience customization is a crucial aspect
of the software development process that ensures
that the end-users interact with the application in
a way that is intuitive, efficient, and productive.
# ⚓ Discovering_the_Unusual:_How_to_Find_Non-Default_Settings
in_PostgreSQL⠀⇛
PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source relational
database management system that has been gaining
popularity among developers and data analysts. It
is known for its robustness, reliability, and
flexibility. With features such as transactional
integrity, concurrency control, and extensibility,
PostgreSQL is a top choice for many organizations
in need of a high-performance database.
# ⚓ Demystifying_Your_Session:_How_to_Find_Configuration
Settings_in_PostgreSQL⠀⇛
PostgreSQL is a powerful and versatile open-source
relational database management system that has
gained popularity in the tech industry due to its
advanced features, scalability, and reliability. It
was first released in 1989 by the University of
California, Berkeley, and has since become one of
the most widely used databases in the world.
# ⚓ Quick_Estimates:_Swiftly_Approximating_Row_Counts_in
PostgreSQL_Tables⠀⇛
# ⚓ Behind_the_Scenes:_Listing_and_Understanding_Extensions_in
a_PostgreSQL_Database⠀⇛
# ⚓ Unraveling_the_Web:_Gaining_Insight_into_Object
Dependencies_in_PostgreSQL⠀⇛
# ⚓ RTFM:_The_Essential_Read_for_Every_PostgreSQL_User⠀⇛
# ⚓ Tuning_Your_PostgreSQL_Server:_How_to_Set_Configuration
Parameters_Effectively⠀⇛
# ⚓ Designing_Your_Future:_A_Comprehensive_Guide_to_Planning_a
New_PostgreSQL_Database⠀⇛
# ⚓ Achieving_Optimal_Performance:_Setting_Configuration
Parameters_in_Your_PostgreSQL_Programs⠀⇛
# ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_Create_a_Virtual_machine_with_Gnome
Boxes_on_Linux_Mint⠀⇛
Gnome Boxes is an app that allows you to create
virtual machines on Linux Mint. Gnome Boxes is like
Virtualbox. Gnome Boxes has less features and is
less customizable than virtualbox. However, it is
way simpler to use, and you can run a virtual
machine without having technical knowledge.
# ⚓ Uncovering_Server_Uptime:_A_Guide_to_Monitoring_PostgreSQL
Server_Performance⠀⇛
# ⚓ Pathway_to_Your_Data:_Locating_Database_Server_Files_in
PostgreSQL⠀⇛
# ⚓ In_Search_of_Clues:_Finding_and_Understanding_the
PostgreSQL_Server’s_Message_Log⠀⇛
# ⚓ A_Guide_to_Rebooting_Your_Linux_System:_Command_Line
Essentials⠀⇛
You don’t need to reboot a Linux server, they are
not running only 2-3 weeks even years without
interruption.
# ⚓ Mastering_Disk_Partitioning_in_Linux:_A_Comprehensive_fdisk
Command_Guide⠀⇛
fdisk command in Linux is used to create and delete
partitions in Linux of Hardisk.
# ⚓ Step-by-Step_RPM_Installation_on_CentOS:_A_Comprehensive
Walkthrough⠀⇛
Mostly, A Linux system administrator installs rpm
packages on Linux by using yum command, but you can
use rpm command in Linux […]
# ⚓ Net2 ☛ How_to_check_memory_usage_on_Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛
If you’re a fan of Ubuntu 22.04, the popular Linux
distro with its slick user-friendly interface and
powerful features, you might be wondering how to
keep tabs on your system’s memory usage to keep
things running smoothly.
# ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ How_to_Install_Seafile_File_Sync_Server_with
Docker⠀⇛
Learn how to install the Seafile server using
Docker Compose for seamless file synchronization
across all your devices.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_to_Use_Bc_Command_on_Linux⠀⇛
In the realm of Linux command-line utilities, the
Bc command stands out as a versatile and powerful
tool for performing advanced mathematical
calculations. Often referred to as a sophisticated
arbitrary precision calculator, Bc offers a host of
features that can elevate your number-crunching
tasks to a whole new level.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Samba_on_Rocky_Linux_9⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Samba on Rocky Linux 9. For those of you who didn’t
know, Samba is a powerful and versatile open-source
software that allows seamless file and printer
sharing between Linux and Windows systems.
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_How_to_install_Ice
Engine_0.4.5_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_How_to_install_CLion
on_a_Chromebook_in_2023⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_How_to_install_Godot
game_engine_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_How_to_install_Gimp
on_Debian_12⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_How_to_install
Thinkorswim_Desktop_on_a_Chromebook_in_2023⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_How_to_install_PCSX2
on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_How_to_install
Sublime_Text_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-07_[Older]_How_to_install
Minetest_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-07_[Older]_How_to_install_RPCS3
on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-06_[Older]_How_to_install
Inkscape_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ 2023-08-06_[Older]_How_to_install
MCreator_2023_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Wipeout_Game_Rewrite:_How_to_Play_it_on
Ubuntu⠀⇛
Want to play an improved version of famed
futuristic racing game wipEout on Ubuntu? Chances
are you do as this game is considered something of
a classic. A bona-fide hit on PlayStation when
released (it also came to DOS and the Sega Saturn)
its success spawned a slew of sequels and imitators
on gaming systems that followed.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ KDE Official ☛ Calling_All_Artists!_–_The_Plasma_6
Wallpaper_Contest⠀⇛
Plasma 6 release day is getting closer… and
we still have no wallpaper to use! But we’re
going to change that with your help and this
contest! We are calling on all artists to
submit their original wallpaper designs and
compete for the chance to win a brand-new
laptop (see below). The contest will be open
for three months, starting now!
Judges for the competition will be selected
from the KDE Visual Design Group and other
esteemed community members. Wallpapers will
be judged based on artistic merit,
originality, and adherence to the design
themes mentioned earlier. At the end of the
submission period, six finalists will be
selected for a second round.
Artists who make it to this stage will
receive a small prize (e.g. a KDE t-shirt!)
and actionable feedback from the judges. The
artists will be able to upload different
variations addressing the feedback. This
stage will take between one and three weeks.
At the end of it, a winner will be selected
and announced. The winner will get a
Framework Laptop 13!
# ⚓ Nate Graham ☛ Bug_tracking_vs_user_support⠀⇛
I often encourage people to submit bug
reports when they complain about this or that
on Reddit or comments here or wherever. This
works as long as their problem is actually a
bug.
But many problems are not bugs. They could be
user error, a misunderstanding of the
software’s scope or capabilities, a request
for something impossible, a long rant about
how the software sucks, or a request for help
recovering the picture of their kawaii
catgirl waifu that they just lost in Krita.
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ OMG! Linux ☛ Keyboard_Backlight_Control_Added_to
GNOME_45⠀⇛
Among the many new features in GNOME 45 is
keyboard backlight control from the Quick
Settings menu.
# ⚓ GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) ☛ GIMP_now_on
Windows_for_ARM (experimental)⠀⇛
GIMP’s Windows installer now supports ARM 64-
bit architecture.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ redshift.pot_installed_in_OE⠀⇛
Forum member Maybe asked about this:
https://forum.puppylinux.com/viewtopic.php?p=96278#p96278
I have recompiled the ‘redshift’ package in OpenEmbedded
and
modified the recipe to install ‘redshift.pot’.
o § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ IPFire Official Blog ☛ IPFire_2.27_–_Core_Update_178_is
available_for_testing⠀⇛
The next Core Update is available for testing:
IPFire 2.27 – Core Update 178 which includes kernel
and microcode fixes to mitigate vulnerabilities in
Intel and AMD processors.
IPFire is not directly affected by any of these
attacks as the firewall never executes untrusted
code. All programs on IPFire come from our package
management system which signs all updates. However,
it might be possible for an attacker to inject any
code remotely by some undiscovered vulnerability
and using these CPU vulnerabilities might allow the
attacker to create more damage. Therefore, we
recommend to install this update as soon as
possible and to reboot your firewall.
o § BSD⠀➾
# ⚓ FreeBSD ☛ Save_the_Date:_November_2023_FreeBSD_Vendor
Summit⠀⇛
Mark your calendars! The November 2023 FreeBSD
Vendor Summit will take place November 2-3, 2023 at
the NetApp Campus in San Jose, CA. The Vendor
Summit will feature a single track of talks on both
days. More details on the schedule and travel
information will be available soon.
o § PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva Family⠀➾
# ⚓ PCLOS Official ☛ Quick_fix_for_Virtual_Box_and_Kernel
6.4.10⠀⇛
PCLinuxOS users: [root@AMD64 tex]# kwrite /opt/
VirtualBox/src/vboxhost/vboxnetflt/linux/
VBoxNetFlt-linux.c Change line 50 to:#if
RTLNX_VER_MIN(6,4,10)Save the file Run[root@AMD64
tex]# /sbin/vboxconfig *Fixed* Reference: https://
www.virtualbox.org/ticket/21796
o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Oracle,_SUSE_and_others_caught_up_in_RHEL
drama_hit_back_with_OpenELA⠀⇛
A non-profit called the Open Enterprise Linux
Association (OpenELA) has been formed by Oracle,
SUSE, CIQ, and other organizations that make Red
Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and CentOS rebuilds.
The OpenELA homepage opens with some strong, even
confrontational words: “No subscriptions. No
passwords. No barriers. Freeloaders welcome.”
That’s a reference to the drama around RHEL and the
recently erected paywall around its source code.
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Simplify_workstation
deployments_with_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux⠀⇛
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Persistent_volume
support_with_peer-pods:_Solution_overview⠀⇛
# ⚓ !_Avi_Alkalay_¡:_Industrializing_Machine_Learning⠀⇛
Industrializing ML is about applying Software
Engineering best practices to the whole AI modeling
process since its first line of code. It is about
Data Scientists focusing on math and stats at the
same time that the AI artifact is casted as a
software product aiming production environments.
This is different from MLOps, which is commonly
positioned as a mere wrapping activity that happens
after and separated from AI modeling and before
production. In the whole Industrialization
practice, MLOps is a subset activity that happens
in between, but quite apart, from both Data
Scientists‘ work and the infrastructure.
Industrializing Machine Learning contains MLOps,
plus other concepts that are even more important.
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Ubuntu_23.10_to_Debut_a_New_‘Ubuntu_Store’
Based_on_Flutter⠀⇛
As things stand now, Canonical seems to be going
full-steam ahead for integrating Flutter-based
elements into Ubuntu.
After the relatively recent release of Ubuntu
23.04, which saw the introduction of a Flutter-
based installer, we now have another important
utility of Ubuntu receiving the Flutter treatment;
a new software store app.
No, the software center is not going anywhere for
now. Instead, Ubuntu will have a new store that
will aim to act as an evolution of the classic
software center and the community-built Flutter
store.
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ ALFA_Network_HaLow-U_–_An_802.11ah_WiFi
HaLow_USB_adapter_supporting_AP_and_STA_mode⠀⇛
When I was searching for a WiFi HaLow USB adapter,
I did not expect to find a Linux-powered device,
but that’s what the HaLow-U is since it runs
OpenWrt on an NXP i.MX 6 processor and is
configurable with the LuCi web interface based on
the documentation provided on the Rokland website
which does not seems specific to WiFi HaLow because
they are using 802.11an at 5.825 GHz… ALFA Network
has a documentation website, but the new USB
adapter is nowhere to be found at the time of
writing.
# ⚓ Liliputing ☛ Blackberry_Pi_is_a_pocket-sized_device_that
runs_a_full_Linux-based_OS⠀⇛
If you’re looking for a Linux-based handheld PC
these days, there are plenty of off-the-shelf kits
you can purchase. But if you’ve got the parts,
desire and skill why not build something like the
Blackberry Pi yourself?
The device you see here started out as a Gameboy-
inspired build, but maker IMBalENce had always
wanted to create a cyberdeck-style device.
After gathering up the spare parts and laying out a
plan, the Blackberry Pi was born. It’s powered by a
Raspberry Pi Zero W — which likely would have been
replaced by a Pi Zero 2W were it not for supply
constraints.
Power is provided by a 2500mAh battery. An Adafruit
1000C PowerBoost charger keeps it topped off and a
small 5V fan is installed atop a rear-facing vent
just exhaust any unwanted heat (even if there’s not
likely to be much). A Raspberry Pi camera NoIR v2.1
captures video and still images and the 3.5-inch
320 x 240 pixel LCD handles video output.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ ArmSoM-p2_pro_is_a_compact_Rockchip3308B-
S_SBC_for_headless_applications⠀⇛
ArmSoM claims Debian 11 and buildroot support with
OS images and some documentation to get started
provided in a Wiki. But there’s something odd on
the bottom side of the board… I can see a “Bpi”
(Banana Pi) logo, and the ArmSoM-p2 pro is actually
the same board as the Banana BPI-P2 Pro introduced
earlier this year.
Further to this, they point out to SinoVoip (Banana
Pi) store on Aliexpress to purchase the ArmSoM-p2
pro board, so I’d assume ArmSoM is either a
subsidiary of Banana Pi or contracted by them to
design some of their boards. Another interesting
RK3308 board to point out, especially if you’d like
an even smaller form factor, is the Radxa RockPi S
SBC that was first unveiled in 2019 and is still
sold today.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux On Mobile ☛ 2023-08-12_[Older]_Weekly_GNU-like_Mobile
Linux_Update_(32/2023):_Summer:_FrOSCon_slides_and_not_much
more⠀⇛
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Pico_Monitors_Pellet_Smoker’s
Hopper_Level_with_Web_App⠀⇛
SneakyPackets has created a Pico-powered pellet
smoker hopper monitor complete with a handy web app
for status information.
# ⚓ Stacey on IoT ☛ Podcast:_How_Honeywell_is_approaching
TinyML⠀⇛
This week we make a big announcement about the
podcast and newsletter. Get ready! Then we talk
about the issues with Matter and who’s to blame. We
lay out the challenges that both we and The Verge
have highlighted with Thread credentialing, and
talk about uneven device support.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ The Verge ☛ Firefox’s_Android_app_is_getting_proper_support
for_extensions_once_again_–_The_Verge⠀⇛
# ⚓ India Today ☛ Government_alerts_mobile_users,_issues_high
risk_warning_for_Android_13_and_other_versions_–_India
Today⠀⇛
# ⚓ SlashGear ☛ How_To_Add_New_Apps_To_Android_Auto⠀⇛
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Firefox_desktop_extensions_to_run_on
Android_browser_•_The_Register⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_FOSS_Weekly_#23.32:_PDF_Editing,
File_Search_Mastery,_Rhino_Linux_and_More⠀⇛
o § Events⠀➾
# ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ Schedule_published_for_PGDay_UK_2023,
September_12th,_London,_England⠀⇛
Join us on 12th September 2023 in Marylebone,
London, for a day of talks on the World’s Most
Advanced Open Source Database coupled with the
usual valuable hallway track. This event is aimed
at all users and developers of PostgreSQL and is
your chance to meet and exchange ideas and
knowledge with like-minded database fanatics in
London.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ Dirk Eddelbuettel ☛ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_#41:_Using_r2u_in
Codespaces [Ed: So some Debian developers are now willing to
shill proprietary traps of Microsoft]⠀⇛
Welcome to the 41th post in the $R^4 series. This
post draws on joint experiments first started by
Grant building on the lovely work Eitsupi as part
of our Rocker_Project. In short, r2u is an ideal
match for Codesspaces, a Microsoft/GitHub service
to run code ‘locally but in the cloud’ via browser
or Visual_Studio_Code. This posts co-serves as the
README.md in the .devcontainer_directory as well as
a vignette_for_r2u.
o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_Saudi_Arabia_Passes_Law
Requiring_USB-C_Charging_on_New_iPhones,_Androids,_and
Laptops⠀⇛
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Shareholder-in-charge⠀⇛
I got some spam earlier this week from a vendor inviting
me to their tech conference in the US. Fronting this
event was the company’s shareholder-in-chief, who’ll be
giving a keynote presentation about nuanced,
hyperdisruptive paradigm synergies, or something.
Wait… what?
o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Three_legs⠀⇛
Have you ever wondered what it’d be like to have three
legs?
Tripods, and stools with three legs, are amazing. They
passively balance, something that two and four legs can’t
do. I’m typing this on a coffee shop table right now
that’s rocking back and forward because one of the legs
is too short.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ 2023-08-08_[Older]_No_university_in_Turkey_among_the_top
100_in_the_world⠀⇛
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Kontron_K3931-N_mITX_–_An_industrial_mini-
ITX_motherboard_with_Intel_Alder_Lake_N-series_processor⠀⇛
Kontron K3931-N mITX is a mini-ITX motherboard
based on an Intel Core i3 or Processor Alder Lake
N-Series processor designed for fanless industrial
applications with features like TSN and wide 8V to
34V DC input, but still only operating in the 0 to
60°C temperature range. The motherboard supports up
to 32GB DDR5 memory, SATA, M.2 NVMe and/or M.2 SATA
storage, up to triple display setups, and offers
dual Ethernet (GbE + 2.5GbE), plenty of USB
interfaces, five serial interfaces, as well as
expansion through M.2 sockets, a PCIe slot, and a
GPIO header.
# ⚓ Jonathan Dowland ☛ Jonathan_Dowland:_Terrain_base_for_3D
castle⠀⇛
I designed and printed a “terrain” base for my 3D
castle in OpenSCAD. The castle was the first thing
I designed and printed on our (then new) office 3D
printer. I use it as a test bed if I want to try
something new, and this time I wanted to try
procedurally generating a model.
I’ve released the OpenSCAD source for the terrain
generator under the name Zarchscape.
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Intel_Severs_NUC_Lineup_with_Slew_of
Discontinuations⠀⇛
Following decision to withdraw from PC business,
Intel EOLs six NUC models in one month.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ TSMC_to_fork_out_€3.5b_for_first_European_fab_in
Dresden⠀⇛
The globe’s biggest semiconductor fab, Taiwan
Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, has committed
€3.5 billion (A$5.88 billion) towards setting up a
chip factory in Dresden, Germany.
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Intel_and_Lenovo_Develop_Future_of_PCs_in
Shanghai⠀⇛
Intel and Lenovo team up to advance laptops
hardware and software in Shanghai.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Abortion_Is_Inflaming_the_GOP’s_Biggest
Electoral_Problem⠀⇛
Ohio showed how abortion is weakening the
Republican Party’s position in the nation’s largest
metro areas.
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Great,_Climate_Change_Will
Even_Make_Food_Poisoning_Worse⠀⇛
# ⚓ ANF News ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Turkey_bombs_water_supply
network_in_a_village_of_Zirgan⠀⇛
# ⚓ ANF News ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_Nine_water_stations_in_Tabqa
go_out_of_service_as_Turkey_uses_water_as_a_weapon_against
Rojava⠀⇛
o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Don’t_Expect_Quick_Fixes_in_‘Red-Teaming’
of_AI_Models._Security_Was_an_Afterthought⠀⇛
Security in current AI models was an afterthought
in their training as data scientists amassed
breathtakingly complex collections of images and
text.
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Sorry,_Chief,_Microsoft
Cortana_Is_Finally_Dead⠀⇛
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_The_4_Best_Open-Source
Antivirus_Software_for_PC⠀⇛
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ BBC ☛ Why_US_tech_giants_are_threatening_to_quit_the
UK⠀⇛
The Online Safety Bill is due to pass in the
autumn. Aimed at protecting children, it lays
down strict rules around policing social
media content, with high financial penalties
and prison time for individual tech execs if
the firms fail to comply.
One clause that has proved particularly
controversial is a proposal that encrypted
messages, which includes those sent on
WhatsApp, can be read and handed over to law
enforcement by the platforms they are sent
on, if there is deemed to be a national
security or child protection risk.
The NSPCC children’s charity has described
encrypted messaging apps as the “front line”
of where child abuse images are shared, but
it is also seen as an essential security tool
for activists, journalists and politicians.
# ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_Wall_Street_banks_fined
$549_million_for_not_backing_up_messaging_app
histories⠀⇛
# ⚓ The Verge ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Banks_Fined_$549
Million_for_Conducting_Business_Via_iMessage,_Signal,
and_WhatsApp⠀⇛
# ⚓ Help Net Security ☛ Macs_are_getting_compromised_to
act_as_proxy_exit_nodes_–_Help_Net_Security⠀⇛
AdLoad malware has been observed delivering a
new payload that enlists macOS systems into a
residential proxy botnet.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ France24 ☛ UN_peacekeeping_mission_in_Mali_quits_base_early
over_insecurity⠀⇛
The UN peacekeeping mission in Mali on Sunday said
it had brought forward its withdrawal from a base
in the north of the country due to deteriorating
security conditions.
# ⚓ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Assad_reiterates_won’t_meet_Erdoğan
until_Turkey’s_‘complete_withdrawal’_from_Syria⠀⇛
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Convoy_of_Chinese_engineers_attacked
in_Pakistan’s_Gwadar⠀⇛
Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) separatists
attacked a convoy carrying Chinese engineers to the
Beijing-financed Gwadar Port in Pakistan’s
southwest on Sunday, the group said.
# ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Govt_supports_releasing_Israel
Vallarta,_held_17_years_without_trial⠀⇛
AMLO says his security cabinet supports releasing
Vallarta to conclude his court proceedings outside
prison, but lower courts ruled otherwise.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Gang_boss_who_threatened_slain_Ecuador_candidate
transferred_to_max_security⠀⇛
Ecuador transferred a powerful gang leader, accused
of threatening a presidential candidate before he
was slain, to a maximum security prison via a
massive military and police operation on Saturday,
officials said.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Armenia_Asks_UN_Security_Council_To_Hold_Emergency
Meeting_On_Nagorno-Karabakh⠀⇛
Armenia has asked the United Nations Security
Council to hold an emergency meeting regarding the
deteriorating humanitarian situation in
Azerbaijan’s mostly Armenian-populated breakaway
region of Nagorno-Karabakh.
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ Ex-‘Family_Feud’_contestant_Timothy_Bliefnick,_who
mocked_his_marriage_on_TV,_gets_life_in_prison_for_killing
wife⠀⇛
Prosecutors said the killer — who taped the “Family
Feud” episode in 2019 and got divorced two years
later — even went on Google to research how to pull
off the February slaying, including how to force
open a window with a crowbar and police response
time.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ New_India_Parliament_bills_will_overhaul_colonial-
era_criminal_codes⠀⇛
India Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah presented
three landmark bills in India’s Parliament on
Friday. The three bills would significantly shift
Indian criminal law away from British colonial-era
laws. The first of the three newly-introduced bills
is the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which seeks
to replace the Indian Penal Code of 1860.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ America’s_Original_Gun_Control⠀⇛
Early in our history, firearms laws were
everywhere.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_‘strongly_rejects_and
disapproves’_of_new_US_policy_to_limit_investment_in_China
tech⠀⇛
The Hong Kong government has said it “strongly
rejects and disapproves” of a new US policy to
limit investment in Chinese technology.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ China_intelligence_agency_uncovers
CIA_espionage_case_involving_Chinese_national⠀⇛
China on Friday said it had recently uncovered a US
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) “case of
espionage” involving a Chinese national named Zeng
who provided “core secret information” for money.
# ⚓ The_UK_and_Turkey_to_establish_a_police_center_for
‘combating_illegal_migration’⠀⇛
The agreement involves enhanced cooperation and
intelligence sharing between law enforcement
agencies in the UK and Turkey on the issue of
illegal migration.
# ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ 2023-08-06_[Older]_Saudi_Arabia
in_Pact_With_Turkey’s_Baykar_Tech_to_Localise_Drone
Manufacturing⠀⇛
# ⚓ Case_against_Turkey_at_the_UN_over_airstrikes_on_hospital
in_Sinjar_killing_eight_in_2021⠀⇛
“Turkey has long enjoyed impunity and the
international community’s silence for targeting
non-Turkish nationals outside its territories on
the pretense of targeting terrorists,” said Aarif
Abraham, the director of the Accountability Unit, a
human rights NGO in the UK.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_The_Nuclear_Apple⠀⇛
o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Federal_Judge_Strikes_Down_Arizona_Law_Limiting
Ability_To_Record_Police⠀⇛
Both the state attorney general and the state
legislature declined to defend the law in court
after the ACLU of Arizona and news media
organizations sued to overturn it.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Axios ☛ The_fastest-growing_U.S._cities_are_roasting_in
extreme_heat⠀⇛
The millions of Americans who migrated_to_the
Sunbelt over the past decade are now stuck in the
middle of this summer’s brutal and record-breaking
heat_wave.
Why it matters: The country’s fastest-growing
region is enduring some of the highest temperatures
in the U.S., threatening the health of some of
America’s most vulnerable people and billions in
economic activity.
# ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Climate_change_of_mind⠀⇛
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Experiments_with_an_alcohol_stove⠀⇛
Several days ago, I posted some thoughts
about alcohol stove
design:
https://bkhome.org/news/202308/some-thoughts-
about-alcohol-stove-design.html
So, considered testing with the combined
Speedster burner and Packafeather adjustable
stove. Also, I wondered how close the
windshield could be to the pot and still draw
the fumes upward ok.
So, I constructed an aluminium windshield
tube, with brackets inside to hold a grill,
on which the pot will sit. The gap between
pot and innner-side of windhield is only 5mm
(using my TOAKS 1000ml titanium pot). The
aluminium sheet is 0.5mm thick.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Judge_sends_FTX_founder_Sam
Bankman-Fried_to_jail,_says_crypto_mogul_tampered_with
witnesses⠀⇛
FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried has been sent
to jail after a bail hearing in New York
City. Federal Judge Lewis A. Kaplan issued
the order Friday, saying there was probable
cause that Bankman-Fried had tried to tamper
with two key witnesses against him and maybe
others. Bankman-Fried was taken from a
courtroom in handcuffs. Prosecutors had
pushed for his incarceration. His lawyers
insisted he shouldn’t be jailed for trying to
protect his reputation. The 31-year-old
onetime crypto whiz had been living at his
parent’s California home since his December
extradition from the Bahamas. He was staying
at home to comply with a $250 million bail
package severely restricting his internet and
phone usage.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Wisk_and_Archer_Will_Collaborate_on
Air_Taxis_and_End_Legal_Fight⠀⇛
Wisk Aero, owned by Boeing, entered a
financial and technological partnership with
Archer Aviation and dropped a lawsuit
claiming theft of trade secrets.
# ⚓ CBC ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Family_ditches_electric
truck_on_drive_from_Winnipeg_to_Chicago_after_charging
troubles⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gannett ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Whitmer_administration
backs_Dems’_100%_carbon-free_energy_goal⠀⇛
# ⚓ NL Times ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Energy_prices_could
climb_again_if_winter_is_cold,_power_company_warns⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_French_power
shift:_green_energy_co-op_takes_on_fossil_fuels⠀⇛
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ Axios ☛ What_to_know_about_Hawaii’s_worst-ever
wildfires⠀⇛
Authorities in Hawaii are still searching for
survivors of this week’s destructive
wildfires, which killed at_least_93 and
injured dozens of others on Maui Island.
Officials expect the death toll to rise.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Owls_Aren’t_That_Smart⠀⇛
But they have uncanny powers.
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Biden’s_New_‘Prevailing_Wage’_Rule_Will_Cost
Taxpayers,_Benefit_Unions,_and_Hike_Inflation⠀⇛
The Labor Department is officially undoing changes
made to help combat inflation in the 1980s.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ 2023-08-06_[Older]_Apple’s_revenue_drops,_but
profit_rises_in_third_fiscal_quarter⠀⇛
# ⚓ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Turkey’s_broad_unemployment_rate
surpasses_24%_in_June⠀⇛
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ England:_Junior_Doctors_Launch_Fresh_Industrial
Action_Over_Pay⠀⇛
The UK has been in the grip of high inflation for
over a year. Its consumer price index rose by 7.9
percent in the 12 months to June.
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Increasing_US_housing_costs_are_stopping_inflation
from_falling_faster⠀⇛
US inflation moved up by 0.2% from June to July, a
moderate pace that economists had expected. On a
12-month basis, the consumer price index moved up
by 3.2% versus 3% the month prior, according to
data from the US Labor Department.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Stock_market_today:_Wall_Street
opens_lower_after_pickup_in_wholesale_inflation⠀⇛
Stocks are opening lower on Wall Street, keeping
the market on track for its second losing week in a
row. The early weakness Friday came after the
government reported a slight increase in inflation
in wholesale prices last month, indicating that the
Federal Reserve’s work on bringing inflation to
heel isn’t done. The S&P 500 was down 0.4% in the
first few minutes of trading. The Dow was off 30
points, just less than 0.1%. The Nasdaq composite
fell 0.6%. Big tech companies were among the
biggest losers in the early going. Chipmaker
Advanced Micro Devices fell 2.5%.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Wholesale_inflation_in_US_edged_up
in_July_from_low_levels⠀⇛
Wholesale prices in the United States picked up
slightly in July yet still suggested that
inflationary pressures have eased this year since
reaching alarming heights in 2022. The producer
price index — which measures inflation before it
hits consumers— rose 0.8% last month from July
2022. The latest figure followed a 0.2% year-over-
year increase in June, which had been the smallest
annual rise since August 2020. On a month-to-month
basis, producer prices rose 0.3% from June to July,
up from no change from May to June. The producer
price figures can provide an early sign of how fast
consumer inflation will rise in the coming months.
# ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Mexico’s_central_bank_keeps_interest
rate_at_11.25%⠀⇛
The Bank of Mexico’s governing board decided
unanimously to maintain the high interest rate in
order to put downward pressure on inflation.
# ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Can_IRA_spending_really_throttle_energy
inflation?⠀⇛
Expanding the federal deficit risks exacerbating
inflation, regardless of the long-run cost savings
wise energy investments could bring.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_domestic_worker_groups
call_for_minimum_wage_hike_ahead_of_annual_review⠀⇛
Domestic worker unions in Hong Kong have urged
authorities to raise their minimum monthly wage to
more than HK$6,000, citing their contributions to
society and rising inflation.
# ⚓ New Yorker ☛ [Satire]_Clarence_Thomas_Hikes_Price_of
Supreme_Court_Decisions_to_Keep_Pace_with_Inflation⠀⇛
“Sadly, the days of shredding civil rights in
exchange for ten private-jet flights are over,” the
Justice told donors.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ China_floods_hit_rice,_corn_crops_and
trigger_food_inflation_worries⠀⇛
The hit to China’s cereal crops comes as consumers
worldwide face tightening food supplies.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Subway_India_stops_free_cheese_slice
option,_offers_sauce_instead_as_inflation_bites⠀⇛
Global fast-food chains in India are under pressure
to trim costs while keeping customers satisfied.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Rising_rice_prices_in_Philippines_fuel
food_inflation_concerns⠀⇛
There is growing pressure on the country to rapidly
increase its stockpile.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ US_inflation_rises_for_the_first
time_in_a_year_to_3.2%_rate,_but_underlying_measures_remain
mild⠀⇛
Inflation in the United States rose in July after
12 straight months of declines, boosted by costlier
housing. But excluding volatile food and energy
prices, so-called core inflation rose just 0.2%
from June, matching the smallest monthly increase
in nearly two years. The inflation figure the
government reported Thursday showed that consumer
prices increased 3.2% from a year earlier. That was
up from a 3% annual rise in June, which was the
lowest rate in more than two years. The July
inflation figure remained far below last year’s
peak of 9.1%, though still above the Federal
Reserve’s 2% target.
# ⚓ The Age AU ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_CBA_defends_profits_amid
signs_of_increasing_financial_stress⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-12_[Older]_Brazil:_Bolsonaro_being
probed_in_Saudi_gift_graft_case⠀⇛
# ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_The_Premier
League’s_Liverpool_FC_Is_at_Risk_of_Abandoning_Its
Working-Class_Roots⠀⇛
# ⚓ International Business Times ☛ 2023-08-07_[Older]_Saudi
Arabia_targets_Liverpool_star_Mohamed_Salah⠀⇛
# ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ 2023-08-06_[Older]_Saudi_soccer:_A_game
of_geopolitics_and_religion,_not_just_sports⠀⇛
# ⚓ International Business Times ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Premier
League_chief_insists_Saudi_Arabia_is_not_a_threat⠀⇛
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ The Age AU ☛ 2023-08-07_[Older]_‘Attenzione_pickpocket!’:
Italian_TikTok_sensation’s_far-right_link_draws_scrutiny⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_Trump_argues_protection
order_would_violate_his_free_speech⠀⇛
# ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ 2023-08-07_[Older]_Trump_Argues
Proposed_Limits_on_2020_Election_Case_Evidence_Violate_Free
Speech⠀⇛
# ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_France’s_Illiberal
Turn_Has_Emboldened_Its_Right-Wing_Police⠀⇛
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ India_Supreme_Court_calls_for_harmony,_condemns
hate_speech_amid_Haryana_unrest⠀⇛
India’s Supreme Court took a firm stance on
Thursday in response to the unfolding economic
boycott targeting Muslims in the troubled regions
of Nuh and Gurugram within Haryana, terming it
‘unacceptable.’ Concurrently, the Court suggested
the establishment of a committee, led by the
Director General of Police (DGP), to investigate
cases…
# ⚓ YLE ☛ Finns_Party_officially_endorses_Jussi_Halla-aho_for
president⠀⇛
Speaker of Parliament Jussi Halla-aho (Finns) took
a strong stance against the media and left-wing
parties in his endorsement speech.
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Political_Activist_Brandon_Straka_Loses_Jan.-6-
Related_Libel_Lawsuit_Against_NBC⠀⇛
“The material challenged in the plaintiff’s
complaint cannot be understood by a reasonable
person as anything but substantially, if not
literally, true.”
# ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Good_Vibes_Festival_Seeks_Legal_Action
Against_The_1975_Over_Forced_Cancellation⠀⇛
Following the government-mandated shutdown of the
Good Vibes Festival in Malaysia, organizers are
seeking legal action against The 1975 and Matty
Healy. Matty Healy took to the stage on July 21 to
criticize the organizers for inviting the band to a
country that has strict laws against homosexuality.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iran’s_Judiciary_Says_Satirist_Missing_Nearly_Two
Weeks_Released_On_Bail⠀⇛
Iran’s judiciary has announced the release on bail
of Shaker Buri more than a week after the Instagram
satirist and humorist went missing after visiting
an intelligence office of the powerful Islamic
Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) in the
southwestern city of Abadan.
o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Jailed_Kazakh_Journalist_Won’t_Be_Transferred_To
Almaty_Despite_Protests⠀⇛
Jailed Kazakh journalist Duman Mukhammedkarim, who
has been on a hunger strike since July 5, will not
be transferred from a pretrial detention center in
Taldyqorghan to Almaty despite ongoing protests by
his supporters.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Police_Raid_Kansas_Newspaper_Office⠀⇛
The search of Marion County Record’s office led to
the seizure of computers, servers and cellphones of
reporters and editors.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ ANF News ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Bitter_exploitation_of
seasonal_workers_in_Turkey⠀⇛
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Hollywood_Strikes_Mean_Steady_Diet_of
Reruns,_Game_Shows_and_Reality_TV⠀⇛
TV viewers across the U.S. will see fewer new
scripted shows, a trend that could continue well
into next year if the walkouts continue.
# ⚓ CBC ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Cases_dropped_against_146_Fairy
Creek_protesters_over_RCMP’s_failure_to_read_full_injunction
at_arrests⠀⇛
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ ‘Jeopardy!’_fans_afraid_new_season_40_episodes
won’t_happen_due_to_WGA_writers_strike⠀⇛
Fans are worried as the 39th season of the historic
game show “Jeopardy!” comes to a close on July
28th, with the fate of the 40th season still
unclear.
# ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Mexico:_USMCA_not_applicable_in_Grupo
México_mine_labor_dispute⠀⇛
After a U.S. request that Mexico review a miners’
strike in Zacatecas, officials said it pre-dates
the USMCA and will be handled domestically.
# ⚓ Construction_workers_from_Turkey_on_strike_in_Tanzania⠀⇛
The workers employed by the construction company
Yapı Merkezi in a railway project in Tanzania, who
haven’t received their wages for seven months, say
that they will resume work if four months’ worth of
salaries are paid and a promise of regular payments
is made.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Emmy_Awards_postponed_for_four_months_due_to
Hollywood_strikes⠀⇛
The Emmy Awards have been postponed by almost four
months, organizers said Thursday, as crippling
strikes by Hollywood’s actors and writers drag on
with no resolution in sight.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ French_journalists_end_40-day_strike_as_far-
right_editor_takes_helm_at_Sunday_paper⠀⇛
Journalists at France’s sole dedicated Sunday
newspaper announced on Tuesday they were halting
one of the longest strikes in the recent history of
French media, on the day a controversial editor
aligned with the far right took up his post as
editor in chief.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Hollywood_actors_join_screenwriters_in_historic
industry-stopping_strike⠀⇛
Leaders of a Hollywood’s actors union voted
Thursday to join screenwriters in the first joint
strike in more than six decades, shutting down
production across the entertainment industry after
talks for a new contract with the studios and
streaming services broke down.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Hollywood_studios_racing_to_avoid_actors’
strike⠀⇛
Hollywood actors on Wednesday anxiously awaited
their union’s decision on whether to strike, right
at the peak of the summer blockbuster season, as
last-ditch talks with studios appeared to sour.
# ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ Hollywood_actors_join
screenwriters_in_historic_industry-stopping_strike_as
contract_talks_collapse⠀⇛
Actors will join screenwriters in a combined strike
that will have huge consequences for Hollywood.
Leaders of SAG-AFTRA, the union that represents the
actors, voted Thursday to strike after contract
talks collapsed with the studios and streaming
services that hire them. It’s the first time actors
from film and television shows have gone on strike
since 1980. And the first time both actors and
writers have been on strike since 1960. Industry
leaders expressed disappointment in a walkout they
said comes at the worst possible time. The group
representing studios and streaming services said
early Thursday that the actors’ decision to end
negotiations was their choice and will hurt
thousands financially.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Hollywood_strikes_an_opening_chord_for_unity⠀⇛
Writers and studios are starting to talk again.
They may script new bonds of honesty in business
and appreciation for the unlimited range of human
creativity.
# ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ National_World_considers_bid_for_Telegraph
Media_Group_as_NUJ_ballots_journalists_over_strike_action⠀⇛
National World’s strategy is “rooted in actively
exploring opportunities” for acquisitions.
# ⚓ Sputnik_lays_off_23_unionized_employees_after_decision_for
strike_action⠀⇛
Atilla Güner, the presenter of the “Evening News”
on Radio Sputnik, also announced that he was
dismissed due to “downsizing.” “Many union members
are being laid off at the moment,” Güner said.
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Striking_city_workers_are_“shutting_down”_Los
Angeles⠀⇛
City workers in Los Angeles are_going_on_strike
today (Aug. 8) citing unfair labor practices, in a
move that threatens to strangle or shut down many
of the city’s operations.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Hollywood_is_still_on_strike,_so_why_are_some
movies_being_made?⠀⇛
Although the actors and writers strikes have shut
down nearly all Hollywood films from major
production companies, some independent productions
are being granted union waivers to continue. The
move has proved confusing and divisive to those on
picket lines.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iranian_Kurdish_Political_Prisoner_Goes_On_Hunger
Strike,_Sews_Lips_Shut⠀⇛
Soheila Mohammadi, an Iranian Kurdish political
prisoner held at Urmia central prison in
northwestern Iran, has gone on hunger strike and
sewn her lips shut, a human rights watchdog said.
# ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ Kent_Starbucks_allegedly_told_to_remove
Pride_décor_amid_company’s_strike_over_LGBTQ_decorations⠀⇛
Those who often visit the Kent Starbucks on Main
Street may notice a change in the coffee shop
decor. The pride flag which was displayed on the
wall since June of 2022 has been taken down.
# ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ OPINION:_You_don’t_have_to_have_it_all
figured_out⠀⇛
In roughly three hundred and one days, I’ll be a
college graduate. I’ll walk across the stage, shake
the hand of the Dean and my academic career will
come to an end. And I have no idea where I’ll go
from there. Up until now, my life has been highly
structured.
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Etsy_is_scrambling_to_avert_a_widespread_sellers’
strike⠀⇛
An Etsy boycott initiated by UK-based sellers over
its payment system has gotten the American
company’s attention. Etsy addressed criticism of
its policy in a blog post on Aug. 1, and promised
to “substantially” decrease the amount of funds
held in reserve.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ America_Is_Drowning_in_Packages⠀⇛
UPS workers have an impossible job in the Amazon
age.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Inside_Starbucks’_Dirty_War_Against
Organized_Labor⠀⇛
As strikes explode across America, the coffee
chain’s story holds a lesson on how to fight — and
how the bosses fight dirty.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ What_Happens_If_UPS_Goes_on_Strike⠀⇛
Americans rely on delivery workers—and come August,
hundreds of thousands of UPS workers could walk off
the job.
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Time_is_running_out_to_avoid_an_actors’_strike_in
Hollywood⠀⇛
The Screen Actors Guild—American Federation of
Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) agreed to
a “last-minute request” to work with a federal
mediator in contract negotiations with film and TV
studios yesterday (July 11). The deadline to reach
a fair deal remains unchanged at 11:59pm Pacific
Time today (July 12).
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Chile:_Teachers_Report_a_90_Percent_Compliance_in
the_Strike⠀⇛
“…today culminated the second stage of 48 hours in
which the teachers were clear in expressing their
disagreement…”
# ⚓ Antalya_prisoner_launches_hunger_strike_after_alleged
severe_torture⠀⇛
Burhan Batur claims had been been subjected to
torture, including being “hogtied.”
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ To_Keep_TV_Shows_Afloat,_Some_Networks_Are
Cutting_Actors’_Pay⠀⇛
In a shrinking business, actors on some shows are
being guaranteed less money, an issue that’s
helping to fuel the Hollywood strike.
# ⚓ New Yorker ☛ Hollywood’s_Slo-Mo_Self-Sabotage⠀⇛
Since the streaming era, movies and television feel
less special, labor conditions have plummeted, and
turbulent mergers and layoffs call into question
which legendary institutions will still stand in
another ten or twenty years.
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ Fox_likely_to_push_Emmys_to_January_due_to_actors,
writers_strikes:_reports⠀⇛
Fox is expected to announce soon that television’s
Emmys will be rescheduled to air in January next
year due to strikes by writers and actors in the
United States, the Los Angeles Times reported on
Thursday, citing a person familiar with the plans.
# ⚓ New Yorker ☛ How_UPS_and_the_Teamsters_Staved_Off_a
Strike—for_Now⠀⇛
With work stoppages under way or looming in a
variety of industries, is the U.S. in the midst of
a “hot labor summer”?
# ⚓ New Yorker ☛ The_Historic_Battles_of_“Hot_Labor_Summer”⠀⇛
E. Tammy Kim discusses today’s big stories of
workers fighting back: the Hollywood strikes, the
UPS tentative agreement, and the United Auto
Workers’ expiring contract.
# ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Snoop_Dogg_Cancels_Hollywood_Bowl
Concerts_in_Solidarity_with_WGA/SAG-AFTRA_Strikes⠀⇛
Snoop Dogg is canceling his upcoming 30th-
anniversary Hollywood Bowl show to stand in
solidarity with the WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes.
Previously the rapper postponed his plans to
celebrate the 30th anniversary of his album
Doggystyle with two concerts at the Hollywood Bowl.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Chilean_Teachers_Association_Calls_for_24-Hour
Strike⠀⇛
“…the teachers will concentrate in the Plaza de la
Dignidad…”
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ UPS_Avoids_a_Strike_by_Reaching_an_Agreement_With
Teamsters⠀⇛
“This contract sets a new standard in the labor
movement and raises the bar for all workers,”
Teamsters president said.
# ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Teamsters_UPS_Union_Wins_Historic
Contract,_Likely_Avoiding_Gigantic_Strike⠀⇛
“The overwhelmingly lucrative contract raises wages
for all workers, creates more full-time jobs, and
includes dozens of workplace protections and
improvements.”
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ UPS_strikes_historic_union_deal,_averting
nationwide_disruption⠀⇛
UPS agreed on a contract with its 340,000-member
union, preventing a potential nationwide logistics
disruption. This “historic” and highly beneficial
deal increases part-time starting pay and ensures
safety improvements.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Hollywood_Strike_Leaves_Influencers
Sidelined_and_Confused⠀⇛
Despite not being in the actors’ union, many
content creators are passing up deals to promote
films or TV shows because they don’t want to be
barred from the guild or face online vitriol.
# ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ CYBER:_Adam_Conover_On_the_Hollywood
Strike⠀⇛
Actors and writers are on strike because they were
left behind by the streaming revolution and AI is
poised to disrupt their professions.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ UPS_negotiations_resume_but_may_end_in_strike.
What’s_at_stake?⠀⇛
Negotiations between UPS and its unionized workers
are set to resume Tuesday before their contract
expires on July 31. If a new contract is not agreed
upon, the workers will strike, slowing supply
chains and possibly provoking government
intervention.
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ Daniel_Radcliffe,_girlfriend_Erin_Darke_bring
newborn_baby_to_SAG-AFTRA_picket_line_in_NYC⠀⇛
The “Harry Potter” actor, 33, was seen cradling his
4-month-old son as the couple joined other SAG-
AFTRA union members striking in New York City on
Friday.
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Broadway_actors_narrowly_avoided_a_strike_after
workers_reached_a_deal_with_producers⠀⇛
A preliminary deal was struck between a union
representing theater workers on Broadway and a
number of organizations representing
management—including Disney theatrical, a major
subsidiary of the media conglomerate—on Thursday
(July 20).
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ With_Hollywood_on_Strike,_a_Bright_Spot_in
New_York’s_Economy_Goes_Dark⠀⇛
Tens of thousands of behind-the-scenes workers, in
solidarity with striking actors and writers, are
bracing for what could be a monthslong standoff
with the studios.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ I_Am_a_Joke_Machine⠀⇛
This late-night comedy writer just wants to be
loved.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Is_It_OK_to_Go_to_the_Movies_During_the
Hollywood_Strikes?⠀⇛
People sympathetic with the strikers may be
concerned, but the actors’ and writers’ unions say
it’s OK to go to the movies and use streaming
services.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ [Old]_How_Hollywood’s_Businessmen_Got_It_So
Wrong⠀⇛
A conversation with Xochitl Gonzalez about who
really broke the entertainment industry
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Alleged_“Psychic_Intuition”_Isn’t_Enough_to_Make_a
Federal_Claim_“Plausible”_Enough_to_Withstand_Dismissal⠀⇛
An allegedly psychic “Internet sleuth” alleged a
professor was involved in the University of Idaho
student murders; the professor sued; then the
“sleuth” countersued.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ AI,_residuals,_and_lack_of_trust._Can
Hollywood_find_a_happy_ending?⠀⇛
What led to the first double strike of actors and
writers in more than 60 years? Both sides point to
a business model under severe strain even before
the pandemic and a breakdown in trust.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iran_Arrests_Nine_Bahai’s_Over_Corruption_Charges⠀⇛
Iranian authorities on August 13 arrested nine
followers of the Baha’i faith over a host of
corruption charges including money laundering and
tax evasion, the Intelligence Ministry said.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Internet Society ☛ Encryption,_Bad_Bills,_and_Ripple
Effects:_How_Riana_Pfefferkorn_Protects_the_Internet⠀⇛
We spoke with Riana Pfefferkorn, research scholar
at the Stanford Internet Observatory, about
encryption and protecting the Internet.
# ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_YouTube_is_deactivating_links
in_Shorts_videos_to_combat_spam [Ed: "Shorts" have already
ruined quality in the platform regardless]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_YouTube_will_show_a
minimalist_home_page_if_your_watch_history_is_turned_off⠀⇛
# ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-08-07_[Older]_MrBeast’s_burger_company
countersues_the_YouTube_megastar_for_over_$100_million⠀⇛
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# ⚓ CBC ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_B.C._woman_buried_in_Amazon
packages_she_did_not_ask_for_and_does_not_want⠀⇛
# ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_Epic_loses_bid_to_make_Apple
change_its_App_Store_payment_rules_right_now⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_Epic_Games_Loses_Supreme_Court
Appeal_to_Force_Apple_to_Change_App_Store_Right_Now⠀⇛
# § Patents⠀➾
# ⚓ 2023-08-11_[Older]_In_re_Theripion_(Fed._Cir._2023)⠀⇛
# ⚓ 2023-08-07_[Older]_Federal_Circuit_Special_Committee
Recommends_One-Year_Suspension_of_Judge_Newman [Ed:
Suspending patent maximalists in a court for being
allegedly senile]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ ApoA1-Fc_Fusion_Proteins:
Federal_Circuit_keeps_Patent_Hopes_Alive,_Holding_that
the_USPTO_Must_Explain_its_Decisions⠀⇛
ApoA1 is a key component of HDL, also known
as “good cholesterol.” The founders of
Therapin created a synthetic “fusion protean”
of ApoA1 linked to the Fc portion of an
antibody (the stem). That fusion extends the
half-life of injected HDL and allows it to be
a better potential drug treatment. The claims
require a specific linker protein of 10-40
amino acids between the ApoA1 and Fc
portions. Theripion discovered that this
longer linker improved cholesterol efflux
activity compared to fusion proteins having
shorter 2 amino acid linkers or no linker.
So the essence of the invention as claimed is
an ApoA1-Fc fusion protein with an optimized
10-40 amino acid linker that enhances the
fusion protein’s ability to remove
cholesterol from cells as compared to a much
shorter or absent amino acid linker. To be
clear, the prior art (including some work by
the inventors here) had created ApoA1-Fc
fusions, but with a short linkage. And,
various types of connectors of the claimed
length were also known.
# ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Caltech
Reaches_‘Potential_Settlement’_in_Apple,_Broadcom
Patent_Case⠀⇛
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Panasonic_sues_Oppo,_Xiaomi_over_some_4G
patents⠀⇛
Panasonic said it had undertaken negotiations
with the two Chinese companies for a number
of years but had reached no resolution on the
issue.
The statement said: “Panasonic is a
recognised technical contributor to the WCDMA
and LTE standards and holds substantial SEPs
resulting from its contributions.
{loadposition sam08}”Through good-faith
bilateral discussions, Panasonic has
successfully concluded licences with
companies that compete globally with Xiaomi
and Oppo.
“These licences enable Panasonic to sustain
its global research initiatives to improve
quality of life and to advance society, the
foundational purposes that drive its
corporate missions.”
It said this was the first time it had found
it necessary to launch actions over its
cellular communications SEPs.
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ CAA_Reportedly_Prepping_Layoffs
Across_Multiple_Departments⠀⇛
Creative Artists Agency is prepping a round
of layoffs to reduce staff numbers as the
Hollywood strikes wear on. According to
reports, around 60 people will be impacted
across the agency. Layoffs are targeted for
August 15, but could happen any time within
the next few days as the news makes its
rounds, sources report.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_Case_of_the_Internet_Archive_vs.
Book_Publishers⠀⇛
In the pandemic emergency, Brewster Kahle’s
Internet Archive freely lent out digital
scans of its library. Publishers sued. Owning
a book means something different now.
# ⚓ CBC ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_CBC,_media_groups_ask
Competition_Bureau_to_investigate_Meta’s_move_to_block
news_in_Canada⠀⇛
# ⚓ CBC ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_No_joke:_Satirical_websites
get_caught_up_in_Meta’s_quest_to_block_news_in_Canada⠀⇛
# ⚓ CBC ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Meta_blocking_news:_Why
Australia’s_deal_couldn’t_work_in_Canada⠀⇛
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4012
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_14/08/2023:_Refurbishing_Bikes_and_Why_MorphOS_is_Gorgeous⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 12:19 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_AELRTWZ_Wordo:_PAWNS⠀⇛
# ⚓ Francesco_Turco’s_Gemini_capsule:_The_Minimalist_Vegan_(by
Michael_Ofei_and_Maša_Ofei)⠀⇛
# ⚓ Refurbishing_my_bike⠀⇛
I have had this bike since spring 2013, over ten
years. It is a Raleigh frame, and although the
serial number on the base of the bottom bracket is
partially obscured by the cable guide (which is
riveted in place!), it seems that it was probably
built somewhere around 1983. I bought it in
Edinburgh from someone who said they had done it up
as a hobby project. They had replaced the brakes,
brake cables, cable housing, brake calipers, bar
tape and rear derailleur, and generally given it a
service. I reckon everything else was original. I
wonder if they also painted it, because the Raleigh
logo which is normally on the bottom tube was gone.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ MorphOS_is_gorgeous⠀⇛
Yeah, it’s a strong statement. But let me explain:
I installed about MorphOS about two months ago on
my old Apple Mac Mini G4. It was my first real
touch point with Amiga OS (alikes) besides some
gaming with UAE. Most people seem to only play old
beloved games via emulators and never use a Amiga
for more. But the (recent) “Amigas” with Amiga OS 4
and MorphOS are much more. You can login into your
Linux/Unix systems via SSH, do some light (b/c of
the old/slow hardware) web browsing, listen to
music, create music (=> trackers!), write texts,
chat via IRC or XMPP, develop great cross platform
applications (Hollywood!), connect to your NAS and
stream music, videos, …
All in all you can do much of the stuff you do on
your modern systems – but with UX/UI concepts of an
era desktop compuing wasn’t such bloaded and mobile
focused it is today. Real window borders for
example, skinable user interface – even for each
application seperate with MUI – and it’s all
extremely fast (besides the web browsing).
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ hosting_a_gemini_capsule⠀⇛
today someone told me they have a html/cgi
hosting, and they pay $8 for it. asked if
they can host gemini. i said: no, you need a
host. you need a console. to setup own
server.
now i think, hmmm, is it possible to write a
cgi program that when started will enter a
loop and open a socket on 1965?
then it will serve some .gmi files uploaded
to web root.
will http server allow cgi program to open a
socket and practically become a server on its
own?
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4131
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_14/08/2023:_GNU/Linux’s_Firefox_Problem_and_MX_Linux_Reviewed⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 2:52 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Server
o Audiocasts/Shows
o Kernel_Space
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o Reviews
o BSD
o SUSE/OpenSUSE
o Open_Hardware/Modding
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
# Mozilla
o SaaS/Back_End/Databases
o Programming/Development
# Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh
* Leftovers
o Science
o Education
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
o Security
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Monopolies
# Copyrights
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Slashdot ☛ Should_There_Be_an_‘Official’_Version_of_Linux?
[Ed: There is already just one official version of Linux and
it's at kernel.org]⠀⇛
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ Kubernetes Blog ☛ Spotlight_on_SIG_ContribEx⠀⇛
Welcome to the world of Kubernetes and its vibrant
contributor community! In this blog post, we’ll be
shining a spotlight on the Special Interest Group
for Contributor Experience (SIG ContribEx), an
essential component of the Kubernetes project.
SIG ContribEx in Kubernetes is responsible for
developing and maintaining a healthy and productive
community of contributors to the project. This
involves identifying and addressing bottlenecks
that may hinder the project’s growth and feature
velocity, such as pull request latency and the
number of open pull requests and issues.
SIG ContribEx works to improve the overall
contributor experience by creating and maintaining
guidelines, tools, and processes that facilitate
collaboration and communication among contributors.
They also focus on community building and support,
including outreach programs and mentorship
initiatives to onboard and retain new contributors.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Open Source Security (Audio Show) ☛ Episode_388_–_Video
game vulnerabilities⠀⇛
Josh and Kurt ask the question what is a
vulnerability, but in the framing of video games.
Security loves to categorize all bugs as security
vulnerabilities or not security vulnerabilities.
But the reality nothing is so simple. Everything is
a question of risk, not vulnerability. The
discussion about video games can help us to better
have this discussion.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Linux_Kernel_From_First_Principles⠀⇛
What to learn the internals of the Linux kernel?
Version 6.5-rc5 has about 36 million lines of code
in it, so good luck! [Seiya] has a different
approach. Go back to the beginning and examine the
0.01 version of the kernel. Now you are talking
about 10,000 lines and, removing comments and
blanks, way less.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 11_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Linux_Fractal
Tools⠀⇛
Fractal-generating software is any computer program
that generates images of fractals. Linux has a
great selection of fractal software to choose from.
To provide an insight into the quality of software
that is available, we have compiled a list of 11
absorbing fractal tools. Hopefully, there will be
something of interest here for anyone who wants to
create their own unique images from computer
generated art.
The chart below offers our verdict. Only free and
open source software is eligible for inclusion
here.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Rick Carlino ☛ Exploring_Text-Based_Content_on_the_Gemini
Protocol⠀⇛
Picture the web. Websites and all that, right? Now,
imagine getting rid of CSS, Javascript, cookies,
and nosy request headers. Replace HTML with
something simpler that looks more like Markdown.
What’s left is the Gemini protocol, and it’s slowly
been building a user base in the last few years. If
you’re old enough to remember Gopher, it’s kind of
like that. Or Maybe the HTML 2.0 days of the web.
With Gemini, what you see is cleaner and loads
faster. It’s just the text, and you control how it
looks. No CSS, no forms, only text-based content.
For search engines and similar applications,
there’s a text input query, but that’s about as
complicated as it gets. It’s not trying to be the
web, just a place for readable content.
# ⚓ Adriaan Roselli ☛ An_alt_Decision_Tree_Using_Only_:has()⠀⇛
I use the CSS :has() pseudo-class to provide an
interactive alt text decision tree (from the W3C
WAI Tutorial) that uses no script. It is
progressively enhanced, so browsers without support
for :has() still get all the content.
# ⚓ [Repeat] nixCraft ☛ How_to_decode_BASE64_string_in_Linux
and_Unix⠀⇛
To decode a Base64 string in Linux, you must use
the base64 command command. The syntax for decoding
a Base64 string is as follows: [...]
# ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_To_Save_Traffic_With_Apache2′s
mod_deflate⠀⇛
In this tutorial, I will describe how to install
and configure mod_deflate on an Apache2 web server.
mod_deflate allows Apache2 to compress files and
deliver them to clients (e.g. browsers) that can
handle compressed content which most modern
browsers do. With mod_deflate, you can compress
HTML, text or XML files to approx. 20 – 30% of
their original sizes, thus saving you server
traffic and making your modem users happier.
Compressing files causes a slightly higher load on
the server, but in my experience, this is
compensated by the fact that the clients’
connection times to your server decrease a lot. For
example, a modem user that needed seven seconds to
download an uncompressed HTML file might now only
need two seconds for the same, but compressed file.
# ⚓ Setting_up_my_cloud_desktop⠀⇛
With VNC up and running, I added the AWS Linux
server to my Tailscale network so I can route all
VNC traffic through that, instead of using the
public IP (yep, have ufw restricting it). My
Raspberry Pi can now talk with the AWS Linux server
via tailscale (configured it to have a restricted
one-way communication, to protect my home network).
Neat.
# ⚓ The_Ultimate_Guide_to_MetaTrader_5_on_Linux:_Features,
Benefits,_and_Installation⠀⇛
MetaTrader 5 (MT5) is a popular online trading
platform widely used by forex traders across the
globe. It offers a wide range of features and tools
to analyze the financial markets and execute trades
with ease. While originally designed for Windows,
it is now compatible with Linux operating systems
as well, providing Linux users with access to this
powerful trading platform.
# ⚓ MetaTrader_for_Linux:_The_Ultimate_Guide_to_Forex_Trading
on_Linux⠀⇛
Forex trading has become increasingly popular in
recent years, and many traders rely on MetaTrader,
a leading platform for accessing global forex
markets. While MetaTrader is primarily designed for
Windows operating system, there is also a solution
available for Linux users.
# ⚓ Medium ☛ How_To_Use_Stable_Diffusion_2_For_Free—_Day_10_of
#30daysofAI⠀⇛
These install steps assume that the computer being
used is running Windows (≥ Windows 10) or directly
on an up to date Linux distro like Ubuntu.
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Create_a_Windows_Virtual_Machine_in
Linux_With_KVM⠀⇛
Running a Windows virtual machine alongside Linux
has its benefits. With a Windows virtual machine
set up, you don’t have to wrap your head around
compatibility layers or look for open-source
alternatives to your favorite Windows apps.
Additionally, if you’re a developer, it becomes
easy to test your software on multiple operating
systems.
Kernel-based Virtual Machine, or KVM is your best
bet when it comes to setting up a Windows virtual
machine on Linux. But how do you go about creating
a new KVM and installing Windows on it?
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o § Reviews⠀➾
# ⚓ Distro Watch ☛ Review:_MX_Linux_23⠀⇛
MX Linux does a great job of presenting the user
with all the benefits of Debian’s Stable branch
(long-term support, stable packages, large
repositories of software, and great hardware
support) while improving on the experience. On top
of Debian’s solid base, MX has added a faster, more
user friendly system installer, enough applications
to cover a wide range of use cases without overly
crowding the application menu, and provided lots of
friendly tools and documentation.
Not many Linux distributions provide great
documentation and fewer include their documentation
on the install media. This alone makes MX Linux
stand out. The MX Tools though are what really make
this distribution shine. There is a lot of useful
functionality packed into the MX Tools collection,
particularly the custom package installer which
works across multiple repositories (including
backports) and portable packages (Flatpaks).
Not only did MX Linux work well with my hardware,
it worked quickly, was stable, and I can’t think of
a single time I saw an error message during my
trial. A lot of this smooth running was probably a
credit to MX’s parent, Debian, but MX also ships
with a lot of custom tools and they all worked well
for me too.
Some people might find the vertical desktop panel
unusual. Personally, I like it as it reduces my
mouse movement, especially if I switch window
buttons to the left side of the windows. People who
don’t like the panel placement can move it to a
more conventional horizontal orientation with a
couple of mouse clicks.
I’m of the opinion MX Linux is one of the most
capable, friendly, reliable desktop distributions
currently available. It runs on a wide range of
hardware, from older computers to more modern
machines. It offers an experience which improves
from its parent on multiple fronts without
introducing any problems. Some of the tools and the
installer might be a little overwhelming for a
complete Linux newcomer, I’m not sure I’d say MX
Linux is an ideal first distribution. However, I
would recommend it for most people for just about
any desktop experience.
o § BSD⠀➾
# ⚓ Brian Callahan ☛ Can_mold_be_used_as_the_OpenBSD_system
linker?⠀⇛
Recently, I taught the mold linker how to find
shared libraries on OpenBSD. This was the last
puzzle piece needed to get mold working on OpenBSD.
Testing on some simple applications, like oksh,
produced working executables.
I would like to go a bit further and push mold to
its limits. I want to know what would happen if
mold was the only linker on our system.
# ⚓ Karl Levik ☛ Enforcing_Fail2ban_bans_with_PF⠀⇛
In the process of configuring my FreeBSD VPS, the
time had finally come to attempt configuring
Fail2ban1,2 properly. I already had it up and
running, but the bans weren’t actually being
enforced because – to my surprise – it was trying
to use iptables, which is a Linux firewall that
doesn’t even exist for FreeBSD!
o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Linux_now_‘de-facto_standard’_for_running
business-critical_workloads’⠀⇛
Vojtěch Pavlík, SUSE’s newly appointed general
manager of Business-Critical Linux, said on
Thursday that it would be difficult to find any
hyperscaler who did not offer Linux for the
enterprise or one that did not run their own
services on Linux.
Pavlik’s comments come in the wake of some ructions
in open source business circles, with Red Hat
announcing a move in June to restrict access to the
source code of its enterprise Linux distribution
only to paying customers.
In response to this, SUSE chief technology and
product officer Dr Thomas Di Giacomo said on
Thursday that his company had formed the Open
Enterprise Linux Association along with Oracle and
CIQ, the last-named being the company that is
behind Rocky Linux, an RHEL clone.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Pine64 ☛ Quick_update:_What’s_going_on?⠀⇛
We always attempt to meet in person at least twice
a year. For reasons that ought to be obvious to
everyone, this wasn’t possible these past few
years, but now that travel is once again viable
we’re returning to a bi-annual meetup schedule. We
always meet at FOSDEM in February followed by a
meeting halfway through the calendar year. While
FOSDEM primarily serves the function of interacting
with the broader Linux community and members of
other projects as well as product announcements,
the second yearly meetup aims at evaluating the
project’s progress, identifying issues, and
creating a roadmap for the coming months. This year
we’re holding the second meetup in Warsaw. TL,
Ayufan, Lukasz, and I will be having lunch in Hala
Gwardii on Sunday, August 20th at noon. The place
offers a wide variety of foods from around the
world and is a short walk from Ratusz Arsenał metro
station. You can also reach the place easily from
every corner of Warsaw via all the public transport
the city has to offer. So if you’re in Warsaw or
can travel to see us on this date, then consider
yourself invited. We’ll be keeping an eye on the
#offtopic chat on the 19th so let us know when
you’ve arrived and one of us will let you know
where we’re sitting. Looking forward to seeing you
there!
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Portable_1990s_POS_Will_Strain_Your_Back⠀⇛
[JR] over at [Tech Throwback] got ahold of an
unusual piece of gear recently — a portable Point
of Sale (POS) credit card machine from the late
1990s (video, embedded below the break ). Today
these machines can be just a small accessory that
works in conjunction with your smart phone, but
only the most dedicated merchants would lug this
behemoth around. The unit is basically a Motorola
bag phone, a credit card scanner, a receipt
printer, a lead-acid battery, and a couple of PCBs
crammed into a custom carrying case
# ⚓ Andrew Hutchings ☛ Amiga_4000_Restoration_x2:_Part_6⠀⇛
We are on part 6 of what I originally hoped would
be a 3 part series. There has been some progress
since last time on several fronts. As well as some
setbacks. Let’s get into it.
# ⚓ Doug Brown ☛ Upgrading_my_Chumby_8_kernel_part_6:_PWM
backlight⠀⇛
In the previous post in this series (here are links
to parts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), I really got the
Chumby to start looking like a Chumby. The display
was alive! But getting the LCD controller working
was really only one puzzle piece when it came to
the display. The backlight needed more work so that
I could control the brightness, and the touchscreen
controller is a completely nonstandard design that
is specific to the Chumby.
# ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ NUC_board_comes_with_dual_2.5GbE_and_M.2
expansion_options⠀⇛
The MU03 by GlobalAmerican is a small embedded
board with NUC form-factor featuring the Intel
Celeron J6412 System-on-Chip. The board targets
applications including retail, industrial
automation and surveillance.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Stuffing_A_32-Pin_Chip_Into_A_28-Pin_Socket⠀⇛
What’s the difference between a 64k ROM in a 28-pin
DIP and a 128k ROM in a 32-pin DIP? Aside from the
obvious answers of “64k” and “four pins,” it turns
out that these two chips have a lot in common,
enough so that it only takes a little bodging to
make them interchangeable — more or less.
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ OS News ☛ Desktop_Linux_has_a_Firefox_problem⠀⇛
There’s no denying that the browser is the
single-most important application on any
operating system, whether that be on desktops
and laptops or on mobile devices. Without a
capable, fast, and solid browser, the
usefulness of an operating system decreases
exponentially, to the point where I’m quite
sure virtually nobody’s going to use an
operating system for regular, normal use if
it doesn’t have a browser. Having an at least
somewhat useable browser is what elevates an
operating system from a hobby toy to
something you could use for more than 10
minutes as a fun novelty.
The problem here is that making a capable
browser is actually incredibly hard, as the
browser has become a hugely capable platform
all of its own. Undertaking the mammoth task
of building a browser from scratch is not
something a lot of people are interested in –
save for the crazy ones – made worse by the
fact that competing with the three remaining
browser engines is basically futile due to
market consolidation and monopolisation.
Chrome and its various derivatives are vastly
dominant, followed by Safari on iOS, if only
because you can’t use anything else on iOS.
And then there’s Firefox, trailing far behind
as a distant third – and falling.
This is the environment desktop Linux
distributions find themselves in. For the
longest time now, desktop Linux has relied
virtually exclusively on shipping Firefox –
and the Mozilla suite before that – as their
browser, with some users opting to download
Chrome post-install. While both GNOME and KDE
nominally invest in their own two browsers,
GNOME Web and Falkon, their uptake is limited
and releases few and far between. For
instance, none of the major Linux
distributions ship GNOME Web as their default
browser, and it lacks many of the features
users come to expect from a browser. Falkon,
meanwhile, is updated only sporadically,
often going years between releases. Worse
yet, Falkon uses Chromium through
QtWebEngine, and GNOME Web uses WebKit (which
are updated separately from the browser, so
browser releases are not always a solid
metric!), so both are dependent on the
goodwill of two of the most ruthless
corporations in the world, Google and Apple
respectively.
Even Firefox itself, even though it’s clearly
the browser of choice of distributions and
Linux users alike, does not consider Linux a
first-tier platform. Firefox is first and
foremost a Windows browser, followed by macOS
second, and Linux third. The love the Linux
world has for Firefox is not reciprocated by
Mozilla in the same way, and this shows in
various places where issues fixed and
addressed on the Windows side are ignored on
the Linux side for years or longer.
# ⚓ Does_Desktop_Linux_Have_a_Firefox_Problem?⠀⇛
OS News’ managing editor calls Firefox “the
single most important desktop Linux
application,” shipping in most distros (with
some users later opting for a post-
installation download of Chrome).
o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾
# ⚓ Supabase Inc ☛ Supavisor:_Scaling_Postgres_to_1_Million
Connections⠀⇛
One of the most widely-discussed shortcomings of
Postgres is its connection system. Every Postgres
connection has a reasonably high memory footprint,
and determining the maximum number of connections
your database can handle is a bit of an art.
A common solution is connection pooling. Supabase
currently offers pgbouncer which is single-
threaded, making it difficult to scale. We’ve seen
some novel ways to scale pgbouncer, but we have a
few other goals in mind for our platform.
And so we’ve built Supavisor, a Postgres connection
pooler that can handle millions of connections.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ The_tangled_problems_of_asking_for
people’s_‘(full)_legal_name’⠀⇛
One response to my entry on the problems with
‘first’ and ‘last’ name data fields is that one
should make forms that (only) ask for someone’s
legally recognized name, which should be
unambiguous and complete. While superficially
appealing, this is a terrible minefield that you
should never step into unless you absolutely have
to, which is generally because you are legally
required to collect this information.
# ⚓ Roman Kashitsyn ☛ Flat_in-order_binary_trees⠀⇛
This article is an in-depth guide to the flat in-
order representation of binary trees. We derive
efficient operations to navigate these trees, such
as finding the tree root and computing the parent
and children for each node. We then use this flat
representation to implement a novel efficient data
structure: extensible segment trees.
# § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾
# ⚓ Frederico Bittencourt ☛ Bash_one_liners⠀⇛
I have a graveyard of one-time-use bash one-
liners that become either aliases or get
wrapped by shell functions in my .zshrc file.
I often justify the effort of polishing them
and adding to my dotfiles with the excuse
that they will be used again in the future.
Even if they are never used again, they serve
as a library of examples. For every new
command, there is always an old one that did
a similar thing.
More importantly, these bash one-liners are
really fun to write. What once started as a
thought to build a new command line
application, was first challenged with a
“could it be a simple bash script?” and then
finally it was reduced to “could I write it
one line?”. It’s like my own personal code
golf challenge, where I keep trying to make
the line smaller and smaller.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ Next_slide,_please:_A_brief_history_of
the_corporate_presentation⠀⇛
Before PowerPoint [sic], and long before digital
projectors, 35-millimeter film slides were king. Bigger,
clearer, and less expensive to produce than 16-millimeter
film, and more colorful and higher-resolution than video,
slides were the only medium for the kinds of high-impact
presentations given by CEOs and top brass at annual
meetings for stockholders, employees, and salespeople.
Known in the business as “multi-image” shows, these
presentations required a small army of producers,
photographers, and live production staff to pull off.
First the entire show had to be written, storyboarded,
and scored. Images were selected from a library, photo
shoots arranged, animations and special effects produced.
A white-gloved technician developed, mounted, and dusted
each slide before dropping it into the carousel.
Thousands of cues were programmed into the show control
computers—then tested, and tested again. Because
computers crash. Projector bulbs burn out. Slide
carousels get jammed.
o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Creativity_under_legacy_constraints⠀⇛
There’s a unique kind of creativity that comes from
working within a set of limitations or constraints. I
know I have more fun when I don’t use cheats, and try out
old things with a new twist. What’s the smallest
financially viable SimCity 3000 town I can build? What
are the fewest number of lines I can write a Sudoku game
in with Pascal, or Perl?
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ Brr ☛ Snowdrifts⠀⇛
A remarkable amount of blown snow buildup after
just a few short days!
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Japanese_universities
losing_battle_with_foreign_rivals⠀⇛
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_Taiwan’s_TSMC_to_build
semiconductor_factory_in_Germany⠀⇛
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Update_Your_Chinese_Radio_Without_The_Pain⠀⇛
The new hotness in cheap radios this year has been
the Quansheng UV-K5, a Chinese handheld transceiver
with significant RF abilities and easy modding. The
amateur radio community have seized upon it with
glee and already reverse-engineered much of the
firmware, but flashing the thing has always
required a minor effort. Now thanks to the work of
[whosmatt], it can be flashed with little more than
a web browser and a serial cable.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Making_Things_Square_In_Three_Dimensions⠀⇛
Measure twice, cut once is excellent advice when
building anything, from carpentry to metalworking.
While this adage will certainly save a lot of
headache, mistakes, and wasted material, it will
only get you part of the way to constructing
something that is true and square, whether that’s
building a shelf, a piece of furniture, or an
entire house. [PliskinAJ] demonstrates a few
techniques to making things like this as square as
possible, in all three dimensions.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Eliminating_Charge-Carrier_Trapping_In_Organic
Semiconductors⠀⇛
For organic semiconductors like the very common
organic light-emitting diode (OLED), the issue of
degradation due to contaminants that act as charge
traps is a major problem. During the development of
OLEDs, this was very pronounced in the difference
between the different colors and the bandgap which
they operated in. Due to blue OLEDs especially
being sensitive to these charge traps, it still is
the OLED type that degrades the quickest as
contaminants like oxygen affect it the strongest.
Recent research published in Nature Materials from
researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research by Oskar Sachnik and colleagues (press
release) may however have found a way to shield the
electron-carrying parts of organic semiconductors
from such contaminants.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-05_[Older]_Food_waste:_Is_forcing
supermarkets_to_donate_the_way_to_go?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Lead_Exposure_in_Childhood_Linked_to_Future
Crimes,_Study_Finds⠀⇛
As a neurotoxin, lead has also been implicated in
mental and developmental problems, including
lowering IQ. A new review suggests early-life lead
exposure may be leading to increased risks of
criminal behavior much later in life.
“Policy action to prevent lead exposure is of
utmost importance,” environmental health scientist
Maria Jose Talayero and colleagues from the George
Washington University write in their paper.
“Our research shows an excess risk for criminal
behavior in adulthood exists when an individual is
exposed to lead in utero or during childhood.”
# ⚓ The_ABIM_acted_against_COVID-19_antivax_quacks…or_did_it?⠀⇛
[Orac note: Yes, Orac decided to be lazy and
continue recharging his Tarial cells last week. He
did, however, update and expand this recent post
about the ABIM and COVID-19 misinformation from a
certain not-so-secret-other blog for your
edification, as his contemplation of all data led
him to things that he missed a week ago that led
him to change the emphasis and add more about Dr.
Paul Marik. Regular Insolence will resume this
week.]
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Netherlands:_Cocaine
seized_by_customs_in_record_8-ton_haul⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_WHO_identifies_new
coronavirus_‘variant_of_interest’⠀⇛
o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾
# ⚓ ‘The_Open_Source_Licensing_War_is_Over’ [Ed: Mac Asay's
propaganda is promoted by Slasdot; Asay tried working for
Microsoft and brought Microsoft to the OSI. He's not
technical and he works for proprietary software firms (those
firms also sponsor these articles of his (paid
placements).]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ My_Everyday_LLM_Uses⠀⇛
How do I use LLMs in my personal life? I’ve found A
few rote tasks useful for outside of coding or
professional work.
# § Windows TCO⠀➾
# ⚓ [Repeat] Conneticut Post ☛ Ransomware_attack_[sic]
continues_to_disrupt_2_CT_hospital_systems⠀⇛
In a statement earlier this week, Nina Kruse,
ECHN’s vice president for communications and
public affairs, said, “Prospect Medical
Holdings Inc. recently experienced a data
security incident that has disrupted our
operations. Upon learning of this, we took
our systems offline to protect them and
launched an investigation with the help of
third-party cybersecurity specialists.”
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ UK_Electoral_Commission_had_an
unpatched_Microsoft_Exchange_Server_vulnerability⠀⇛
You have have read about the hack of the
Electoral Commission recently. In this piece
we take a look at what happened, show they
were running Microsoft Exchange Server with
Outlook Web App (OWA) facing the internet,
and the unpatched [sic] vulnerability that
presented.
# ⚓ Dark Reading ☛ EvilProxy_Cyberattack_Flood_Targets
Execs_via_Microsoft_365⠀⇛
A campaign sent 120,000 phishing emails in
three months, circumventing MFA to compromise
cloud accounts of high-level executives at
global organizations
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Press_Release_–_August_9,_2023_–_Governor_Hochul_Announces
Nation-Leading_Cybersecurity_Strategy_|_Department_of
Financial_Services [Ed: After watering-down Right to Repair
to make it toothless?]⠀⇛
Governor Kathy Hochul today announced New York’s
first-ever statewide cybersecurity strategy aimed
at protecting the State’s digital infrastructure
from today’s cyber threats. The Strategy
articulates, for the first-time, a set of high-
level objectives for cybersecurity and resilience
across New York. It clarifies agency roles and
responsibilities, outlines how existing and planned
initiatives and investments knit together into a
unified approach, and reiterates the State’s
commitment to providing services, advice, and
assistance to county and local governments. New
York State’s cybersecurity strategy provides public
and private stakeholders with a roadmap for cyber
risk mitigation and outlines a plan to protect
critical infrastructure, networks, data, and
technology systems.
# ⚓ Kevin Beaumont ☛ UK_Electoral_Commission_had_an_unpatched
Microsoft_Exchange_Server_vulnerability [Ed: Even a fully
patched Microsoft Exchange Server is not secure; Microsoft
can intentionally seat for 3 months on unpatched holes while
fully aware those are being exploited, as happened before]⠀⇛
You have have read about the hack of the Electoral
Commission recently. In this piece we take a look
at what happened, show they were running Microsoft
Exchange Server with Outlook Web App (OWA) facing
the internet, and the unpatched vulnerability that
presented.
The Electoral Commission ran Microsoft Exchange
Server on IP 167.98.206.41 (found by TechCrunch) —
this was online until later in 2022, at which point
it dropped offline. According to the Electoral
Commission’s advisory, they became aware of the
incident in October 2022.
# ⚓ Reuters ☛ US_cyber_body_to_review_cloud_computing_safety,
Microsoft_breach⠀⇛
A U.S. cyber safety body will review issues
relating to cloud-based identity and authentication
infrastructure that will include an assessment of a
recent Microsoft (MSFT.O) breach that led to the
theft of emails from U.S. government agencies, the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) said on
Friday.
The review by the Cyber Safety Review Board will
look at the malicious targeting of cloud computing
environments, the DHS said in a statement.
# ⚓ TechCrunch ☛ How_the_FBI_goes_after_DDoS_cyberattackers⠀⇛
In 2016, hackers using a network of compromised
internet-connected devices — vulnerable security
cameras and routers — knocked some of the then
biggest websites on the internet offline for
several hours. Twitter, Reddit, GitHub and Spotify
all went down intermittently that day, victims of
what was at the time one of the largest distributed
denial-of-service attacks in history.
# ⚓ Dark Reading ☛ EvilProxy_Cyberattack_Flood_Targets_Execs
via_Microsoft_365⠀⇛
Attackers have unleashed an EvilProxy phishing
campaign to target thousands of Microsoft 365 user
accounts worldwide, sending a flood of 120,000
phishing emails to more than 100 organizations
across the globe in the three-month period between
March and June alone. The goal? To take over C-
suite and other executive accounts, in order to
mount further attacks deeper within the enterprise.
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Cummins_Behavioral_Health_Systems_discovers
cyberattack_when_it_finds_ransom_note [Ed: A "victim of a
cyberattack" means target of yet another Microsoft breach]⠀⇛
Sometime between Feb. 2 and March 9 of this year,
Cummins Behavioral Health Systems (CBHS) in Indiana
became a victim of a cyberattack.
CBHS is a private not-for-profit organization
providing behavioral health services in Boone,
Hendricks, Marion, Montgomery, Putnam, and
surrounding counties in Central and West Central
Indiana. It provides care to persons of all ages in
a variety of office and community-based settings,
including school-based services for students with
mental health issues.
CBHS discovered the incident when they found a
ransom note in their environment on March 9. There
was no encryption of data. CBHS does not name the
attackers or say whether they paid the demanded
ransom, but there’s no language about getting any
assurances about deletion of data, so they probably
didn’t pay.
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ One_year_later,_Tift_Regional_Medical
Center_notifies_patients_of_Hive_attack⠀⇛
In September 2022, DataBreaches broke the story of
how Hive had attacked Tift Regional Medical Center
in Georgia between July and August. The attack did
not involve encryption of systems but Hive claimed
to have exfiltrated about 1 TB of data, including
files with protected health information.
On October 14, Tift notified HHS of an incident.
They used 500 as the number affected, which
suggested that at that point, they had not yet
determined exactly how many patients had been
affected.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ NL Times ☛ 2023-08-12_[Older]_Hospital_employee
suspended_for_leaking_influencer’s_newborn_details_on
Facebook⠀⇛
# ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ 2023-08-07_[Older]_Norway
Fines_Facebook_Owner_Meta_Over_Privacy_Breaches⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_Twitter’s_CEO_Makes_New
Excuses_for_Musk’s_Dumb_‘X’_Rebranding⠀⇛
# ⚓ John Gruber ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_★_Was_Trump_Using
Twitter_Direct_Messages?_(Please_Let_the_Answer_Be
Yes.)⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Twitter’s_Office
Auction:_Here_Are_the_35_Oddest_Pieces_of_Bird-Themed
Junk_for_Sale⠀⇛
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Peter_Pan_Man:
Elon_Musk’s_Rebranding_of_Twitter⠀⇛
# ⚓ The Age AU ☛ 2023-08-10_[Older]_Capitol_riot_probe
obtained_secret_warrant_for_Trump’s_Twitter_account⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_You_Can_Now_See_Your
Likes_on_Instagram_Threads,_Just_Like_on_Twitter⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_Twitter_Fined_$350,000
for_Delaying_Search_of_Trump’s_Account_in_Jan._6
Prosecution⠀⇛
# ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_Twitter_fined_for
belatedly_complying_with_search_warrant_for_Donald
Trump’s_account⠀⇛
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_“Fraying_Bonds:_The
Erosion_of_U.S.-Africa_Relations⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-05_[Older]_Hiroshima:_Atomic_bomb
survivors_keep_memory_alive⠀⇛
# ⚓ Bridge Michigan ☛ Records:_Michigan_voting_machines
exchanged_at_mall,_‘manipulated’_in_hotels⠀⇛
Pro-Trump attorneys and a Michigan lawmaker
enlisted a private investigator to collect 2020
voting machines that were later “manipulated”
during testing in Oakland County hotels, according
to newly disclosed allegations by a special
prosecutor.
# ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_Wagner-Backed_Central
African_Leader_Wins_Right_to_Third_Term⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_China_courts_Germany’s
far-right_populist_AfD⠀⇛
# ⚓ Site36 ☛ Six_people_drowned_in_the_English_Channel:_Last
week_was_this_year’s_peak_of_crossings⠀⇛
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ You_Ignore_‘Apartheid’_—_Angry_Scholars’
Letter_to_US_Jews_Is_Signed_by_750_Including_Benny_Morris⠀⇛
So long as Jews and Palestinians don’t have equal
rights, Israel risks “dictatorship,” says 750
academics in letter urging U.S. Jews to denounce
“apartheid.”
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ What_Young_Americans_Really_Think_About_Guns⠀⇛
74% of young people say gun violence is a problem
in the US. But they have little faith in the
government to tackle it
# § War in Ukraine⠀➾
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_BRICS_Revolt:_How_Ukraine_War_Eroded
U.S._Authority⠀⇛
The proxy war in Ukraine has presented a
grand opportunity for competitors of the U.S.
— a chance to exploit longstanding
resentments of American empire…
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Apparent_drone_strike_causes_explosion,
damages_apartment_building_in_Belogorod_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Residents of Belgorod reported hearing
explosions in the city, and photos showing a
damaged apartment building and car appeared
on local social media pages on August 13.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia_fires_warning_shots_at_cargo_ship_in
Black_Sea_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Russia’s Defense Ministry reports that
service members on the Vasily Bykov, a patrol
vessel in the Black Sea Fleet, fired warning
shots to stop the cargo ship the Sukra Okan
in the Black Sea.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Germany_reportedly_to_give_Ukraine_Luna_NG
reconnaissance_‘superdrones’_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Germany has ordered defense corporation
Rheinmetall to supply Ukraine’s Armed Forces
(AFU) with a Luna NG unmanned aerial
reconnaissance system by the end of 2023,
reports German tabloid Bild, citing its own
sources of information.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Missile_strike_on_Pokrovsk,_in_Donetsk,_has
killed_10,_including_two_rescue_workers_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Ukraine’s State Emergency Service reports
that Colonel Vitaly Kints, the head of a
Donetsk fire rescue squad, has died in the
hospital after receiving critical injuries
from an August 7 missile strike on the city
of Pokrovsk.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukrainian_media_says_Crimea_drone_attack
killed_and_injured_dozens_of_Russian_troops_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Dozens of Russian soldiers were killed or
injured in a Ukrainian drone attack on
Russian-annexed Crimea overnight on August
12, writes newspaper Ukrainian Pravda, citing
sources in Ukraine’s Security Service (SBU).
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukraine_authorities_say_‘Kadyrovites’
started_a_shootout_near_Mariupol,_killing_more_than_10
people_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The Mariupol city council reports that a
shootout took place in the village of Urzuf,
which Russia has annexed, in the Mariupol
district of Ukraine’s Donetsk region, between
soldiers from Chechnya and representatives of
the local “commander’s office.”
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Shelling_in_Kherson_region_kills_civilians,
including_family_of_four_—_Meduza⠀⇛
At least five people were killed by shelling
in Shyroka Balka, a village outside of
Kherson, on the morning of August 13, reports
Ukraine Internal Affairs Minister Ihor
Klymenko.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia’s_Defense_Ministry_reports_multiple
attempted_drone_attacks_on_Belgorod_region_and_one_on
Kursk_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Russia’s Defense Ministry says that Russian
troops intercepted three attempts by Ukraine
to hit targets inside Russia with drones on
August 13.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Death_toll_rises_after_Russian_shelling_of
Kherson_in_Ukraine⠀⇛
The number of those killed by Russian forces
has risen again to seven people, including an
infant and a 12-year-old boy. They were
killed by Russian shelling in Ukraine’s
southern region of Kherson, Interior Minister
Igor Klymenko said on Sunday.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Civilian_Deaths_Mount_In_Kherson
Shelling;_Kyiv_Reports_Gains_In_South⠀⇛
At least seven civilians, including four
members of one family, were killed by Russian
shelling in southern Ukraine as fighting
continued in both the south and east of the
country, Kyiv said on August 13, amid reports
of Ukrainian battlefield gains in the ongoing
southern counteroffensive.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Russian_Strikes_Kill_7_in_Ukrainian
Region_Under_Ceaseless_Shelling⠀⇛
Ukrainian officials said two children and
their parents were among the dead after the
attacks on Sunday.
# ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Yango_prohibited_from_transferring
personal_data_from_Finland_to_Russia⠀⇛
THE FINNISH Data Protection Authority has
ordered Yandex and Ridetech International to
suspend the transfer of personal data
collected by Yango, the ride-hailing service
of Yandex, from Finland to Russia.
o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Secret_Police:_One_Department_In_Virginia_Is
Trying_To_Hide_The_Names_Of_Most_Officers⠀⇛
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Omicron Limited ☛ Atlantic_collapse:_Q&A_with_scientists
behind_controversial_study_predicting_a_colder_Europe⠀⇛
While AMOC was already known to be at its slowest
in 1,600 years, the latest research ushers in a
much closer time estimation for a collapse between
2025 and 2095, with a central estimate of 2057. If
proven correct, this scenario could see
temperatures drop by 5 to 10 degrees in Europe,
with devastating consequences for life as we know
it. The Conversation sat down with physicist Peter
Ditlevsen and his sister, the statistician Susanne
Ditlevsen, to unpack findings that have stirred
controversy in some quarters.
# ⚓ International Business Times ☛ Cigarette_butts_are_killing
animals_and_polluting_waters_in_the_UK⠀⇛
This summer, in just two weeks, 585 volunteers
cleared around 58km of the river. In the 699 bags
of rubbish that was collected, 71 per cent of
recorded waste was plastic. But, records show that
cigarette butts were the most numerous plastic
items. Other plastic items that were found included
drink lids and food wrappers.
Following the litter results, Maria Herlihy urged
the public to “Please – pick up your butts!”
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_Invasive_Plants_Caused_the_Maui_Fires
to_Rage⠀⇛
A sweeping series of plantation closures in Hawaii
allowed highly flammable nonnative grasses to
spread on idled lands, providing the fuel for huge
blazes.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Typhoon_Khanun_Causes_Emergencies_in_Russia’s_Far
East⠀⇛
The floods affected 16 municipal districts, where
4,368 residential buildings, 5,654 household plots
and 43 sections of roads remain submerged.
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-11_[Older]_FTX’s_Sam
Bankman-Fried_jailed_after_bail_revoked⠀⇛
# ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ University_proceeding_with_campus_EV
charger_installations⠀⇛
The first phase of the four-year project
includes installing chargers in more than 100
spaces in parking structures and surface lots
across campus. The chargers will be available
to faculty, staff, students, visitors and U-
M Fleet vehicles with appropriate parking
permits during enforcement hours, and for
public use during non-enforcement hours.
# ⚓ Connor Tumbleson ☛ The_dangerous_corium⠀⇛
So how often have we accidentally produced
corium?
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-09_[Older]_China_slips_into
deflation_as_post-COVID_recovery_stalls⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_Germany:_Inflation
sinks_slightly_in_July⠀⇛
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_How_Germany’s_political
leaders_want_to_fix_the_economy⠀⇛
# ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Insurance_surges_50_per_cent_for_high-
risk_properties⠀⇛
Households living in areas where the risk of
flooding looms large have endured up to a 50 per
cent surge in insurance premiums.
Analysis from the Actuaries Institute has
illustrated the severity of Australia’s insurance
affordability crisis, with the median home premium
experiencing its biggest jump in two decades.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ White_House_is_fast-tracking_executive
order_on_artificial_intelligence⠀⇛
Prabhakar’s comments come amid a flurry of work on
Capitol Hill and the White House to craft stronger
AI guardrails.
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D.-N.Y., has
begun convening a series of listening sessions
aimed to educating lawmakers about the technology
and laying the groundwork for a major legislative
push to regulate AI.
# § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ As_Free_Press_Withers_in_El_Salvador,_Pro-
Government_Social_Media_Influencers_Grow_in_Power⠀⇛
“A news organization doing an investigation
can’t compare to the sounding board that
these influencers have because they flood
your social media with the government’s
narrative,” said Roberto Dubon, a
communications strategist and congressional
candidate for Bukele’s former party, FMLN.
“What you have is an apparatus to spread
their propaganda.”
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-08-08_[Older]_Sweden_Quran_burnings:
How_the_Kremlin_benefits⠀⇛
o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Kansas_police’s_raid_of_newspaper_called
‘alarming_abuse_of_authority’⠀⇛
“It seems like one of the most aggressive police
raids of a news organization or entity in quite
some time,” said Sharon Brett, legal director for
the American Civil Liberties Union of Kansas. The
breadth of the raid and the aggressiveness in which
it was carried out seems to be “quite an alarming
abuse of authority from the local police
department,” Ms. Brett said.
Seth Stern, director of advocacy for Freedom of the
Press Foundation, said in a statement that the raid
appeared to have violated federal law, the First
Amendment, “and basic human decency.”
“This looks like the latest example of American law
enforcement officers treating the press in a manner
previously associated with authoritarian regimes,”
Mr. Stern said. “The anti-press rhetoric that’s
become so pervasive in this country has become more
than just talk and is creating a dangerous
environment for journalists trying to do their
jobs.”
# ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ ‘These_Are_Hitler_Tactics’:_Illegal_Police
Raids_Effectively_Shut_Down_Kansas_Newspaper⠀⇛
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Kansas_newspaper_co-owner_dies_after_police_raids
that_raised_First_Amendment_concerns⠀⇛
A police department in Marion, Kansas, was accused
Sunday of violating First_Amendment protections
after officers raided a local paper and the home of
its co-owner.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ What_to_know_about_GEO’s_pay_demands:_An_in-
depth_analysis_of_graduate_student_pay⠀⇛
Since 2017, the cost of living in Ann Arbor has
increased from $30,128 to $38,838 according to the
MIT Living Wage Calculator, a tool developed to
estimate the minimum wage needed to support a
person’s basic needs in a community. The salaries
of most U-M graduate students have decreased in
value due to inflation over the duration of the
contract, going from $24,879 to $24,056. As a
result, many U-M graduate students are earning
$14,778 less than the minimum standards of living
in Ann Arbor as calculated by the LWC.
# ⚓ Bridge Michigan ☛ Facial_recognition_technology_under_fire
after_false_arrest_of_Detroit_mother⠀⇛
The lawsuit has sparked national interest in
Detroit’s use of the controversial technology. It’s
the third lawsuit filed alleging the technology led
to the false arrest of a Detroit resident. Facial
recognition is an automated process to find
possible matches for a suspect’s photo from a
database of images pulled from mugshots,
surveillance cameras and social media.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ APNIC ☛ Visiting_the_submarine_cable_connecting_Andaman_and
Nicobar_Islands⠀⇛
This cable system is designed, for the most part,
with keeping a linear flow. The main long-distance
cable connects Chennai to Port Blair with a 400Gbps
capacity (2 x 200Gbps), then 200Gbps (2 x 100Gbps)
from Port Blair onwards to seven islands. One
branch connects Port Blair to Swaraj Dweep, Long
Island, and Rangat in the North and the other
branch connects Port Blair to Little Andaman, Car
Nicobar, Kamorta and Great Nicobar Islands.
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Internet_Archive’s_Copyright_Battle
with_Publishers_Leads_to_Lending_Restrictions⠀⇛
The Internet Archive’s online book lending
library will be severely limited to avoid
copyright liability. The library and book
publishers have agreed the terms of a
judgment that leaves one crucial question
open for the court. While restrictions are
unavoidable, for now, the Internet Archive is
eager to reverse the court’s liability ruling
on appeal.
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Getting_back_online_after_summer⠀⇛
Its been a few months since I last wrote
anything…or really ready much on smolnet.
With kids being up later and no school, the
days longer so I don’t wind down as soon it
seems like most of my hobbies and tech use in
general drops off during the summer. Haven’t
even turned on my ham radio since we had
leaves on the trees. I did find Lemmy with
all the Reddit nonsense going on (not that
I’m really on that site much these days). But
even Mastodon barely opened on my phone.
# ⚓ What_if_Gemini_could_be_served_on_port_80?⠀⇛
I’m by no means an expert and there must be a
reason solderpunk chose Gemini to get its own
port. But I’m also a web developer by day and
a strong advocatee of “Progressive
enhancement”.
Many of us aren’t. Many of us don’t even care
about and to some degree I feel like it is
our own fault thave we didn’t convince them.
A lot of people treat the web as something it
should never have been: A painting that has
to look the same on every device. Back then,
people came up with phraes like “optimized
for Netscape Navigator 4.x” or “best viewed
at 1024×768″.
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World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
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