𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, July 29, 2023
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Generated Sun 30 Jul 02:43:00 BST 2023
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈
Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕
Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/
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Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
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QmZvRQcZYoHyQyicSZuWjRQBwYyutrMTwS4djqSMMmaXQF
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QmY9A43Qrrrgy55JExrQcHgQKFPQvDo2ETjuLPLWLWJrTw
QmWUKfGSVN8rdKoVnXVHZdkxor1fetpRt4rCMCSPfFrXa6
QmSufCo8QxhkseXSz9A4DBqpvcx3j8ueXX8KsbMGXVbfDQ
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QmNrmAJhhmcXzfKhjUQosRyfvSTvwfMYVfjZ4MqkEn7eRL
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Qmbd6NSmac4tnVN29mZPRuPEMqfLuCqrSWtr7h11Sr4yZV
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QmcF86aU48wkENPcvkMG3Uvpdn2Zh3Ww591VESr7YyFB1z
╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ Android is Not the Goal (But It Certainly Makes Microsoft and Windows Feeble) | Techrights
⦿ [Meme] Fantastic Results, Fantastic Debt and Deficits | Techrights
⦿ FSF: Web Environment Integrity is an All-out Attack on the Free Internet | Techrights
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, July 28, 2023 | Techrights
⦿ New FSF Video: Workshop on Video Editing with Kdenlive | Techrights
⦿ Most Microsoft Employees No Longer Want to Work for Microsoft, According to Internal Poll | Techrights
⦿ With Latest Systemd Release, Version 254, Lennart Microsoft Attacks Linux Diversity (and Thus Survivability) | Techrights
⦿ Nancy Anthracite on Using Free Software for Electronic Health Records at the US Department of Veterans Affairs | Techrights
⦿ Microsoft Windows Kills, Staff in Ambulances Cannot Function Due to Apparent Microsoft/Windows Breach (Ortivus) | Techrights
⦿ Social Control Media as a Bubble: Facebook (Meta) is in Debt Greater Than the Company is Really Worth or Has in the Bank | Techrights
⦿ GitLab the Company, Just Like GitHub (Now Part of Microsoft, Going Through Several Rounds of Layoffs This Year, Even Office Shutdowns), is Sinking Deep Into Debt and Showing the Risk of Outsourcing | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/android-is-not-the-goal/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fantastic-results/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fsf-on-web-environment-integrity/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/irc-log-280723/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/klaatu-on-editing-with-kdenlive/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-staff-morale/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-systemd-254/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/nancy-anthracite-vista/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/ortivus-ambulance-service-failure/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/social-control-media-bubble-fb/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/writing-about-github-and-gitlab-state-today/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/backlash-against-wei-api/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/communications-secretaries/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/disk-failure/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fsf-blasts-web-environment-integrity-drm/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 80
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/android-is-not-the-goal/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/android-is-not-the-goal/
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✐ Android_is_Not_the_Goal_(But_It_Certainly_Makes_Microsoft_and_Windows
Feeble)⠀✐
Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Google, Microsoft, Windows at 4:53 pm by Dr.
Roy Schestowitz
From the official_GNU_Web_site:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Google's_Software_is_Malware⦈_
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Android_is_malware⦈_
No, he did not actually say this, it’s a joke.
Summary: We need to strive for Software Freedom, which Android mostly denies,
but if Android makes Windows more extinct (on the client side) and Linux more
widespread, then we can get closer to mass adoption of GNU/Linux worldwide,
with Free software rather than just proprietary “apps” on top
5 days ago we published_the_post_"About_Two-Thirds_of_the_World's_Surface_Now
Android_(or_Linux)_Dominated" because, in case it’s not obvious, Android
continues to grow (not just in terms of usage worldwide). Some avid iPhone fans
are on the record as saying Android (or its OEMs) has surpassed — technically
leapfrogged — Apple’s offerings; even some high-profile Apple enthusiasts who
are quoted in the media this month shylessly say this.
“Android is on about 3 out of 4 Internet-connected devices in Libya, at least
as measured by one firm over the Web. It has a similar relative share in
Pakistan and Afghanistan.”In terms of market share, Android is very widespread
in the developing nations. Among the examples we’ve not highlighted yet,
consider how widespread Android became in Muslim-majority nations. Android is
on about 3_out_of_4_Internet-connected_devices_in_Libya, at least as measured
by one firm over the Web. It has a similar relative share in_Pakistan and
Afghanistan.
Android is so widepsread that even most Microsoft employees use it. Maybe even
the managers.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇R_U_2_using_Android?!?⦈_
Windows is rapidly_becoming_extinct_in_the_device_space.
As we noted the other night, ChromeOS and Android both push DRM into Linux
(yes, kernel space too, not just Web browsers). This is becoming a very real —
and rapidly-growing — problem. Even the FSF has_just_lashed_out_at_Google.
“We’re generally hoping that eventually ChromeOS and Android users will realise
they need not be prisoners of Google.”While people in IRC stress the need for
more emphasis on Android not being freedom, we need to look at a broader
picture. psydruid says conflating the two is disingenuous; “Android hasn’t
become “critical infrastructure” in the IT sphere although often authentication
malware has to be installed on it even when logging in on desktops and laptops
but none of the critical computing is done on phones [..] when Windows is done
we can start working on putting Android out of the picture.”
We’re generally hoping that eventually ChromeOS and Android users will realise
they need not be prisoners of Google. Given the_similarities_to_GNU/Linux,
migrating them over to computing freedom will be simpler than doing so when
they transition from Windows. █
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⡶⢿⣶⣾⣾⣾⡶⢶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣶⡾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣵⣷⣾⣾⣧⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠤⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣡⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⣿⠉⢻⠉⢹⠉⢉⠉⢻⠉⢉⠉⢻⠏⢉⠉⢻⡏⢹⡏⠉⡉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢸⠀⣿⠀⠈⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢘⠀⢼⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢈⠀⢸⠀⣧⠀⢸⠀⠸⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢸⡄⠸⠀⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⡏⢉⡉⢹⣿⡏⠉⠹⡏⠉⢹⡏⠉⠹⣿⠉⢹⡍⢹⡏⠉⡏⠉⡿⠉⠉⣿⡏⢉⡉⢻⡏⢉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣧⡀⠙⢻⣿⡇⠀⡀⠁⠀⢸⠁⢰⠀⣿⠀⢸⡇⠸⠀⡀⡇⢀⡇⢠⡀⢸⡇⢈⠁⢼⡇⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡇⠘⠇⢀⣿⡇⠀⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⣈⠀⢻⠀⠘⣧⠀⢀⡇⠀⢸⠇⢈⡀⠸⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⠘⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣻⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣧⡈⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⠿⠶⠶⡆⠲⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣸⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⠃⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡙⢿⣿⣿⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢁⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣈⠻⢿⡄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣠⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⣾⣿⣷⣦⡁⠈⢿⣿⡿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣤⣄⣀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⣷⣦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⡤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣫⢞⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣰⣿⠏⠁⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠀⢠⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣋⣭⣴⡶⠟⠀⣠⡾⠟⠁
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣦⣭⣀⢠⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣇⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⡂⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠒⠲⠤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⡇⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢀⠀⢸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⡃⠸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡿⢟⢏⢹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣃⣀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿
⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⡿⠋⠁⠉⠀⢀⣹⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⠁⠘⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣇⡀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣭⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣯⡀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠉⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣷⣤⣿⣷⡄⠀⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠠⣄⡉⠛⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠐⠛⣿⣿⠟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠹⣿⣷⡀⠉⠙⠛⠿
⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠒⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠷⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⠀⠲⠀⢹⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠸⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠃⠀⠀⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⡈⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣮⣛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣇⢟⡺⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣷⣀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣽⠇⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠙⢿⣧⣀⢀⣾⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡟⢻⠛⡿⠉⡉⢻⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⡿⣷⠄⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠛⡟⠛⣿⡏⢩⠙⣿⡇⢸⠀⢇⠐⠤⣿⠀⡇⠀⠁⢹⠀⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠆⢸⣿⡀⢠⠀⣿⣿⠇⣰⣿⣇⠈⡄⢸⠉⠆⢸⠀⢻⣈⣆⣸⣄⣡⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢣⠈⣿⣇⣘⣀⣿⣯⣤⣭⣽⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⡶⠿⠿⣿⠟⠛⢿⠛⡟⢩⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢻⠛⡛⢻⡋⢉⠙⡏⢠⠈⢧⠀⡇⠰⠀⢻⠴⠇⢸⠀⣿⠛⠀⣸⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⣷⠀⠃⢸⠀⢳⠀⡇⢨⠐⣇⠈⡆⢸⠀⣧⠀⠇⢸⠐⢶⣿⣇⣹⣉⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡁⠸⠀⣆⠘⣇⣘⣀⣧⣤⣤⣼⣦⣤⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠓⣤⡈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣹⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⣿⣿⠃⠀⢀⠈⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣯⡶⢛⡻⢋⣠⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣇⡁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣯⣴⠁⠤⠞⠉⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣌⡻⣿⠁⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣯⡀⣉⣀⣰⣶⡼⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣉⣛⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡏⣇⢿⠙⠟⣿⠏⠻⢛⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡦⠒⠙⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠿⣿⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 254
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fantastic-results/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/fantastic-results/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ [Meme]_Fantastic_Results,_Fantastic_Debt_and_Deficits⠀✐
Posted in Deception, Finance, Microsoft at 6:54 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇W-E:_This_is_OK.⦈_
It’s already_at_32.33_trillion, plus about_18_trillion_more_in_household_debt
this_year.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇If_Microsoft_has_record_results_but_massively_lays_off_its
own_staff_every_month,then_someone_isn't_telling_you_the_true_results⦈
Summary: Microsoft staff is baffled about the disparity between claims or
prosperity and relentless_mass_layoffs among other cuts; maybe scepticism is
well overdue
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠯⡯⠭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢭⠩⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⠯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠭⠭⡭⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢹⢽⢽⢭⠭⠯⡯⡯⡯⡏⡯⠭⠽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠭⠭⠭⠯⡯⡯⡯⡏⠭⠭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⣯⡁⠭⡭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢭⢭⣭⢭⠨⣭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⢭⠭⡭⡭⣭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⢭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⡍⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢀⠐⡏⠈⠋⠉⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠈⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠈⢷⡇⢈⡀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠛⠀⠈⠀⠠⠀⠁⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡷⡇⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣟⣚⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⢐⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣖⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣒⣒⣆⣔⣗⣖⡆⣖⣖⣗⣲⣻⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣛⣻⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⣓⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣛⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣷⡆⣒⣖⣖⣶⣒⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⢐⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣖⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣒⣲⣲⢰⢲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣲⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣒⣒⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣒
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣺⣾⣿⡗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡟⠃⠥⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠼⠿⠿⠇⠧⠧⠯⠧⠇⠹⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠨⠭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⢽⣿⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⠨⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣏⡁⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣩⣭⡅⣍⣏⣏⣍⠁⢈⣭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣓⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⡃⣟⣗⣗⣟⠀⢘⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣲⣲⣒⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⠀⢐⣒
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣼⣿⣷⡆⣒⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠟⢿⠟⠛⠿⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⡟⠟⠛⠛⠻⣿⠛⠻⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⢿⠛⠟⠻⢻⣶⣲⣲⣶⡆⣖⣖⣖⡶⠀⢐⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠧⠁⠀⠘⡀⡸⢱⠀⡌⠘⠀⢀⠘⠀⡼⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣀⣘⣀⣀⣅⣀⣇⣸⣀⣀⣄⣃⣠⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⡿⡷⡷⡇⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡿⠃⠭⠅⠀⠀⠱⠃⠀⠲⠀⠘⠬⠁⠤⠊⠀⣿⣿⣿⢋⢙⣿⢫⢻⣟⠙⢹⡟⠙⢹⡿⠉⣿⡏⢻⣿⢹⡟⢉⢻⡟⠹⣿⢩⣿⢹⡿⢉⢻⡏⠋⣿⠋⢻⣿⠿⠽⠽⠿⠭⠯⠯⠯⠇⠀⠨⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⠭⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⢭⢭⣭⠭⡯⡯⡏⠁⠀⠨⣭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣭⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠘⠁⢀⠀⢹⣿⡟⠁⢀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⡏⣯⡯⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣏⡁⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠒⢾⣿⡇⠀⢰⡀⠈⠐⢾⣿⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣛⣚⣛⣛⣃⣓⣓⣃⠀⠀⢘⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⢘⣿⡇⠀⢸⠉⠰⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⣿⣟⣚⣚⣛⣒⣓⣗⡂⠀⠀⢐⣚
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣧⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣧⣤⣼⣦⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣺⣺⣶⣒⣗⣗⡂⠀⠀⢐⣒
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣸⣿⣧⡄⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣶⣶⡆⣦⡆⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⠽⠿⠇⡯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡿⠇⠭⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠽⠭⠭⠭⠯⠇⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⡭⣯⣿⣿⣽⢸⢽⢽⣽⣽⢨⣿⣯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣯⣿⣿⣽⢸⢽⢽⢽⣽⢭⣿⡯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣿⣿⣽⣽⢸⢹⢽⢽⣿⡯⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣿⣽⣽⢽⢸⢽⢽⣽⣿⡧⡯⡇⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣻⣸⣻⣿⢘⣿⣿⣇⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣻⣿⣟⣟⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣟⣟⣟⣇⣗⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢸⣻⣻⣿⣿⡇⡏⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣏⡁⣒⣓⣛⣛⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣐⣛⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣛⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣒⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣛⣛⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣓⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣚⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣛⣒⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣖⣶⣶⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣶⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣗⣖⡆⣖⣶⣶⣲⣲⢰⣰⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣗⡆⣖⣶⣲⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣶⡖⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣖
⣿⣿⠟⡛⡛⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠖⣷⣿⣿⣿⢸⢺⢺⢾⣾⢐⣿⣷⡇⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⢺⢺⣺⣾⣲⣿⡗⡗⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣺⢸⢺⣺⣺⣾⡷⡗⡗⡗⡗⡇⣿⣿⣿⣾⢺⢸⢺⢺⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿
⣿⣿⠿⠀⠠⣿⣇⣀⣸⣿⣧⡄⠥⡭⣭⣭⢭⢸⢽⢼⢽⢭⠨⣭⡯⡯⡯⡇⡭⣭⡭⢭⢭⢸⢽⢽⢭⢭⠭⡭⡭⡭⡯⡇⡭⡭⣭⢭⢽⢸⢹⢽⢭⢭⡭⡭⡯⡯⡯⡅⡯⣭⢭⢽⢽⢸⢭⢭⢭⣭⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢭
⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠯⡯⠭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠨⠯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡭⡯⠯⠽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⠯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢼⢽⠽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⠭⠽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠭⠭⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭
⣿⣿⣿⠈⠠⣿⡟⠿⢻⣿⡿⠇⠭⠯⠯⠿⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠨⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠯⠽⠽⢸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠯⠽⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⡯⠯⠽⠽⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿
⣿⣿⣿⠲⠶⣿⣷⣴⣼⣿⣷⡆⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣺⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣇⣧⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣷⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢸⣼⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣿⣛⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣛⣟⣗⣗⡇⣗⣟⣛⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣛⣒⣟⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣟⣛⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⣓⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣛⣻⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣚⣻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣛
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣟⡃⣒⣒⣓⣒⣒⢘⣚⣚⣚⣒⢐⣒⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣒⣒⣒⢘⣚⣚⣚⣒⣒⣓⣒⣓⣓⡃⣒⣓⣒⣚⣚⢘⢚⣚⣒⣒⣒⣒⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣒⣒⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣒⣚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒
⣿⣿⠟⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣿⣿⣾⢸⣺⣺⣺⣾⢐⣿⣷⣗⣗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⣺⣺⣺⣾⣒⣷⣗⣗⣗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⢸⣸⣺⣺⣿⣗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣺⢸⣺⣺⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿
⣿⣿⣄⣒⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⣿⣿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢽⠠⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢿⠭⡿⡯⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢸⢼⢽⢽⢿⡯⡯⡯⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢼⢸⢼⢼⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢈⣈⣿⣇⣀⣸⣿⣯⡄⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠅⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠅⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠅⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡯⣿⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠩⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⡯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣿⣯⢽⢽⢸⢼⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣯⢽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣭
⣿⣿⣀⡀⢀⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠇⣍⣯⣿⣿⣿⢸⣽⢹⣽⣿⢨⣿⣿⡏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣹⢹⣽⣿⣽⣿⣯⣏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢸⢹⣽⣹⣿⣯⣏⣯⡏⡏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⢸⣹⣹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⠿⠐⠠⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣷⡆⣒⣗⣿⣿⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣿⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣿⣿⣾⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣿⣿⣺⣺⢸⢺⣺⣺⣺⣗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣿⣻⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿
⣿⣿⠿⢌⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣗⣓⣒⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣖⣗⣗⣗⡇⣖⣗⣓⣚⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣒⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣒⣒⣒⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣒⣚⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣒⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒
⣿⣿⣦⢀⠀⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣟⠃⣒⣓⣓⣛⣒⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⢐⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣓⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣒⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣒⣚⣚⢘⢘⣚⣚⣚⣒⣓⣓⡓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣚⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣒⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒
⣿⣿⣿⠢⠰⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡇⠧⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢿⢸⢿⢿⠸⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢼⢿⢿⢿⠿⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢸⢸⢿⢾⣿⡿⡿⡿⡇⡧⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⢸⢾⢼⢿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡿⡿⠽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⠿⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡿⠿⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⠿⢽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠽⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿
⣿⣿⣿⠠⠀⣿⣅⣸⣿⣿⣯⡅⠭⡭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⢭⠨⣭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⡭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⢭⠭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⢭⢭⢨⢬⢭⢭⢭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⢭⢭⢨⢭⢭⠍⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣭
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣭⣯⣿⣿⣿⢸⣽⢽⣽⣽⠨⣿⣯⡏⡏⡇⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⢸⢹⢽⢽⣿⣭⣿⣯⡯⣯⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢸⢸⣽⣽⣿⣯⣯⣯⡏⡯⡇⣿⣿⣿⣽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠃⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣄⠀⠤⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠇⣓⣟⣿⣿⣿⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⢐⣿⣟⣗⣗⡇⣟⣿⣿⣿⣻⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⣒⣟⣟⣗⣗⡇⣟⣿⣿⣻⣻⢸⣺⣻⣺⣿⣗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣿⣿⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿
⣿⣿⠀⣉⣩⣿⣦⣼⣿⣿⣷⡆⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⣒⣒⣒⡂⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⡂⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⢒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⡂⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⡂⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣷⣶⣲⢸⣺⣺⣺⣲⢐⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣷⣺⣲⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣖⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣶⣲⣺⣺⢸⣺⠂⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣲
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⡟⠃⣖⣷⣿⣿⣿⢸⢺⢸⢾⣾⢐⣿⣿⡇⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⢸⣾⣿⣒⣿⣷⡗⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⢸⢺⣺⣿⣗⣗⡗⡇⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢺⢸⢺⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠯⡿⠿⠽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⡿⡯⡧⡯⡇⡯⡿⡿⢿⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡿⠿⢽⢽⢸⢸⢽⢽⠽⠯⡯⡯⡧⡯⡇⡯⠿⢽⢽⢽⢸⠍⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡯⢭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠩⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡿⠭⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠭⠭⡭⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⠭⢽⢽⢽⠸⠅⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢸⣿⣿⣯⡁⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⢨⣭⣭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⣭⣭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢬⢭⢭⣭⣭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣻⣸⣻⣻⣘⣿⣿⣇⣇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣛⣿⣟⣟⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣟⣟⣟⣇⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⡟⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣿⣚⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣟⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣚⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣟⣛⣺⣺⢸⢺⣺⣺⣺⣓⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣓⡛⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣷⡆⣒⣖⣖⣶⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⢐⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣖⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣶⣶⣲⣲⢰⢲⣲⣲⣲⣖⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣖
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡒⣷⣿⣿⣾⢸⢺⢺⣺⣺⢐⣿⣷⡗⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⢺⢺⣺⣾⣖⣷⣗⡗⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⢸⢺⣺⢺⣾⡗⡗⣗⡗⡗⡇⣷⠃⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⡟⠃⠭⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠨⠿⠿⠯⠯⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠿⠭⠿⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠽⠽⠽⠿⠯⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠭⡭⣭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢭⠬⡭⡯⡯⡯⡇⠭⡯⠭⢭⠽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠭⠭⠯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢹⠽⢭⢭⠭⠭⡯⡯⡯⡇⠁⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⣯⣿⣭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣯⣯⣽⣽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣯⣯⢽⢽⢸⢼⢽⢽⣽⡭⡯⡯⡏⡯⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣽
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣏⡁⣉⣏⣿⣿⣿⢸⣹⣸⣹⣽⢨⣿⣯⡇⣇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣹⣹⣿⣩⣿⣏⣏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣹⣹⣿⣯⣏⣏⣇⡏⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣟⣛⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣟⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣟⣟⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣟⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣟⣛⣻⣺⢸⣸⣺⣺⣻⣓⣗⣗⣗⡃⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣖⣖⣖⣒⢸⣺⣺⣲⣲⢒⣒⣗⣖⣖⡇⣖⣗⣖⣲⣲⢸⣺⣺⣲⣒⣒⣖⣖⣗⣖⡇⣗⣗⣒⣺⣺⢸⣺⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⡖⠁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣸⣿⣿⣷⡆⣒⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣲⣲⣲⣶⢐⣶⣶⡖⣖⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣲⣲⣲⣶⣶⣶⣖⣖⣖⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣲⢰⣲⣶⣲⣶⣖⣖⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠥⡯⣿⣿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢿⠨⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⡯⣿⣿⣿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢿⠭⡿⡯⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢸⢼⢽⢼⣿⡧⡧⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⡿⠇⠭⠯⠯⠿⠭⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠨⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠯⠽⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠿⠽⠽⠸⠹⠽⠽⠽⠭⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡯⣿⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⣯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣯⡯⢽⢽⢸⢸⢽⠍⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣭⣯⣿⣿⣿⢸⣽⣹⣽⣿⢸⣿⣿⣏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣹⠹⠹⠻⠙⠿⠏⠋⠋⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠈⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣓⣛⣛⣛⡛⢘⣚⣘⣛⣉⠈⣉⣉⣁⣁⡁⢉⣉⣉⣉⡉⢈⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣈⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠁⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢘⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣆⣀⣀⣀⣸⣷⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣷⣀⣀⣀⣠⣿⣆⣀⣀⣀⣸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣂⣀⣀⣀⣼⣂⣀⣀⣀⣸⣟⣀⣀⣀⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⠀⠉⠉⠉⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠻⠿⠿⠛⠻⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣶⣶⣶⣴⣴⣤⣴⣦⣤⣴⣶⣴⣦⣶⣴⣴⣦⣶
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣅⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⢀⣭⣬⣭⣿⣿⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣥⣤⣤
⠶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⠛⣿⣷⣾⡿⠶⢦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠽⠿⣿⣀⠀⠀⣤⣬⣍⣡⣀⡀
⠒⠈⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⣛⣛⣛⣉⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣝⣛⣛⣛⣛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢧⠀⡉⠃⠈⣹⣿⣯⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣉⡀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠩⡿⠛
⣤⠄⢀⣨⣥⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⡏⠉⠉⠍⠉⢩⢉⢉⢩⣽⠉⠙⠉⠉⠍⠩⡉⠉⠍⢹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣀⡙⠛⠀⠀⠀⢠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣈⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤
⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⢹⠹⠙⠉⡍⠏⢹⠉⢹⠙⠉⠉⠏⠏⠉⢩⠉⣹⡏⠉⡍⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⢰⣾⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⡿⠋⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠄
⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⡒⡞⡚⢚⡖⠗⠛⠚⡞⡞⡒⡖⢒⢓⠓⢳⠲⢲⠻⠒⠒⢓⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢋⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⡶⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢛⠛⠿⠿⠷⣴⣧⣧⣷⣶⣧⣦⣦⣤⣧⣦⣶⣼⣼⣮⣴⣼⣶⣼⣤⣴⣦⣼⣦⣼⣿⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⣼⡀⠈⣿⠏⢉⠉⠙⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢩⢨⣿⣭⠉⡀⠉⣀⣀⡀⣀⠀⡸⠿⠀⣠⣄⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤
⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣄⣸⣿⠋⣿⠺⠶⠖⠲⠶⠒⠾⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⡉⠉⠉⢉⣉⣉⣀⣐⣶⣮⣍⣍⡛⠛⠛⠿⠦⣀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⠃⠀⠘⢻⣿⡿⠟⢻⣿⠾⢿⣶⢿⠏⠹⣿⠛⠇⠀⠊⠘⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢨⠉⠉⢙⣿⣷⣿⢰⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣶⡶⠃⠀⠀⠀⢥⣐⣓⣀⠀⠀⠉⠉⡿⠐⠋⠀⠈⣀⣀⡀⠘⠁⠀⢈⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢠⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⣿⣶⠀
⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⠀⢻⣿⣿⢭⢸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠗⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢨⡍⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠿⢇⣄⣀⣀⣀⠠⠈⠉⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢠⡄⡄
⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠛⣿⣶⠘⣿⣿⢻⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠛⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⣸⣆⠀⠀⠀⠸⠷⢾⣿⣦⠤⢄⣄⠘⠟⠙⠿⣿⠁⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠂
⠋⠁⠀⠾⣿⣿⣟⠻⣿⠛⠘⠛⠛⠘⠒⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⠟⢿⡟⣃⣤⡤⠤⣠⢾⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⡝⠿⡷⠦⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⠰⠟⠛⠘⠃⠀⢠⣴⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⡀⠀⠀⠐⣶⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠘⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣥⣀⠌⠈⠀⠀⣴⠏⣼⣿⣷⣦⣠⣼⣿⡜⣦⡐⠉⠉⠘⡙⢿⠛⠃⢰⣿⣦⣠⣄⡘⣿⡘⠛⢃⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢥⢦
⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⠀⢠⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢛⣻⠏⠀⠀⢀⣾⠏⠀⠈⠛⠛⠋⠉⣿⣿⡇⠘⣿⣶⣄⠀⠹⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠿⢿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠽⠇⠀⠈⠈
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣵⣾⣾⣿⣤⣤⣤⡤⡄⠀⢠⣤⣦⣴⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣿⡏⠀⢀⣤⣬⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭⣥⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒
⠀⠀⢸⠀⠸⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣀⣀⠀⠠⣴
⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠻⣿⡇⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⡍⠉⡏⢽⠹⢹⡋⢙⠋⢹⠉⠉⡏⠝⠉⠋⠋⡏⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠭⠍⠉⠛⠻
⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⣚⠈⠁⠀⠀⣿⡿⠟⠻⣟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣇⣄⣇⣹⣠⣸⣭⣤⣄⣼⣠⣄⣇⣡⣤⣄⣆⣇⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠶⢀⢀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⠃⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⡉⢹⠙⢉⡍⢩⡯⢩⠉⡏⡏⢹⢹⠙⢹⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣠⣾⣿⣟⠒⠀⠀⠀⠨⠉⡛⠷⢦⣤⣀⡀⠀⣤⣤⣤⠀⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠰⠆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣧⣼⣧⣼⣤⣥⣥⣬⣼⣴⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣥⣒⠈⠉⠹⣷⣦⡠⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⢸⣿⣿⡈⡌⠈⠃⡇⣿⠀⡆⠃⡇⢼⡇⢸⠀⠉⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⡇⢸⡀⠅⠁⡇⣧⢰⡁⢽⣿⡇⢻⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡳⢾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡯⠈⠉⠛⢻⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣧⣷⣤⣷⣥⣿⣤⣧⣧⣧⣽⣧⣼⣼⣴⣤⣦⣬⣧⣤⣧⣽⣤⣶⣤⣧⣽⣼⣮⣼⣿⡇⣤⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣭⣛⠿⢿⣧⠀⣠⡴⢿⡿⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡿⠷⠀⠙⠻⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⡉⢁⣈⣉⣁⣀⣀⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣭⣂⠀⢁⣀⣀⣀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣶⣦⣤⡄⣸
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣳⣶⣶⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿
⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 388
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fsf-on-web-environment-integrity/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/fsf-on-web-environment-integrity/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ FSF:_Web_Environment_Integrity_is_an_All-out_Attack_on_the_Free_Internet⠀✐
Posted in FSF, Protocol, Standard at 3:52 pm by Guest Editorial Team
This work is licensed under a Creative_Commons_Attribution-No_Derivative_Works
3.0_license_(or_later_version) and was originally published in_the_FSF’s_site.
Read why “Web Environment Integrity” is terrible, and why we must vocally
oppose it now. Google’s latest maneuver, if we don’t act to stop it, threatens
our freedom to explore the Internet with browsers of our choice.
Editorial note: For greater visibility, this article has been published here,
on fsf.org. You can also find it on defectivebydesign.org, which also has other
DRM-related articles and materials.
Using a free browser is now more important than ever. We’ve written recently on
this topic, but the issue we wrote about there was minor compared to the gross
injustice Google is now attempting to force down the throats of web users
around the world. The so-called “Web Environment Integrity” (WEI) is the worst
stunt we’ve seen from them in some time. Beginning its life as an innocuous, if
worrying, policy document posted to Microsoft GitHub, Google has now fast-
tracked its development into their Chromium_browser. At its current rate of
progress, WEI will be upon us in no time.
By giving developers an API through which they can approve certain browser
configurations while forbidding others, WEI is a tremendous step toward the
“enshittification” of the web as a whole. Many of us have grown up with a
specific idea of the Internet, the notion of it as a collection of hyperlinked
pages that can be accessed by a wide variety of different machines, programs,
and operating systems. WEI is this idea’s antithesis.
Compared to its staggering potential effects, the technical means through which
WEI will accomplish its ends is relatively simple. Before serving a web page, a
server can ask a third-party “verification” service to make sure that the
user’s browsing environment has not been “tampered” with. A translation of the
policy’s terminology will help us here: this Google-owned server will be asked
to make sure that the browser does not deviate in any way from Google’s
accepted browser configuration, precluding any meaningful use of the four
freedoms. It is not far-fetched to imagine a future in which sites simply
refuse to serve pages to users running free browsers or free operating systems.
If WEI isn’t stopped now, that future will come sooner than we think.
While Web Environment Integrity has a policy document that attempts to explain
valid ways in which it could be used, these are all non-issues compared to the
way that we know it will be used. It will be used by governments to ensure that
only their officially “approved” (read: backdoored) browsers are able to access
the Internet; it will be used by corporations like Netflix to further Digital
Restrictions Management (DRM); it will be used by Google to deny access to
their services unless you are using a browser that gels with their profit
margin.
Once upon a time, Google’s official policy was “don’t be evil.” With the rapid
progress they’ve made on Web Environment Integrity in such a short time, we can
say very safely that their policy is now to pioneer evil. As we write this,
talented and well-paid Google engineers and executives are working to dismantle
what makes the web the web. Given that Google is one of the largest
corporations on the planet, our only hope of saving the Internet as we know it
is a clear and principled stance for freedom, a collective upholding of the
communal principles on which the web was based.
Let us repeat: there is absolutely no legitimate justification for WEI. The use
cases that the policy document highlights are nothing compared to its real use
case, which is developing a method to obtain complete and total restriction of
the free Internet.
We urge everyone involved in a decision-making capacity at Google to consider
the principles on which the web was founded, and to carefully contemplate
whether Web Environment Integrity aligns with those principles. We hope that
they will realize WEI’s fundamental incompatibility with the free Internet and
cease work on the standard immediately.
And if they don’t? Well, they ought to be ashamed.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 488
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/irc-log-280723/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/irc-log-280723/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_July_28,_2023⠀✐
Posted in IRC_Logs at 3:01 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-280723.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-280723.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-280723.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-280723.gmi
Over HTTP:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
=> =============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
CID Description Object type
IRC log for
QmU96X9e8TPqCtaSRVZKGGYApRNDUyLCsK644YCAwftAsS #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell
Qmbj8jUKUss4Y8VazzpLBMph7VNgpxurXXLYy6Fn1c26Ap (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmbHKj3vxQKxmfoxP2nHUu6uzVoRnTFgqL7m3UHemAR3da social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmPWik368ZKJHn4NgEm6zuYycVGFbuQMeMkPeL82aDa4Nz social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
(full IRC log
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
QmSiHtAWLrLwkTDgJLT8inyhu6bJomscymgne6LCjqZNXB #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techbytes
QmauoHqKe7XchNZ7YrNaETcMWTwcJxADWfgyf5w1mn4Lhk (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
QmVJsaPtYTGLjPH3DLchJLhPe8fVf75Vvrx7d8565vke6v #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techrights
QmS8QBgubbC2CZ8apvJPJxCsuyBYqGmh2oof6AarF8H6QH (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈
§ Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾
Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmcF86aU48wkENPcvkMG3Uvpdn2Zh3Ww591VESr7YyFB1z
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 615
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/klaatu-on-editing-with-kdenlive/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/klaatu-on-editing-with-kdenlive/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ New_FSF_Video:_Workshop_on_Video_Editing_with_Kdenlive⠀✐
Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF, Videos at 5:15 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link
https://media.libreplanet.org/mgoblin_media/media_entries/3446/kdenlive-
workshop-july-12-2023.webm
Summary: The LibrePlanet MediaGoblin instance uploaded this_talk_by_Seth_Kenlon
aka_klaatu just 2 days ago. The summary says: “Edit your videos with free
software! Kdenlive is a robust and professional-grade editing application
that’s surprisingly quick to learn and easy to use. In this workshop, Seth
Kenlon of Slackermedia.info shows you the basics you need to get started, plus
as many advanced tricks as ninety minutes will allow, so that you can make
videos that look GNU+Amazing.”
Licence: CC_BY-SA_4.0
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 654
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-staff-morale/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-staff-morale/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Most_Microsoft_Employees_No_Longer_Want_to_Work_for_Microsoft,_According_to
Internal_Poll⠀✐
Posted in Microsoft at 5:01 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Published earlier_today_(“Microsoft_Internal_Polls_Leak_Exposes_Employee
Discontent”):
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Less than half of the employees indicated they would stay at
Microsoft if offered a similar position elsewhere. The percentage of employees
willing to stay dropped from 68% in January to 48% in July. The falling morale
comes amid layoffs and the company’s decision to halt raises and cut its budget
for bonuses and stock awards this year.⦈
Summary: The never-endingmass_layoffs_at_Microsoft have taken a heavy toll on
staff morale; the staff wants to work somewhere else (if possible)
⡏⠍⠉⠩⡍⡙⢹⠍⣹⢹⠙⠏⠋⡭⠿⢉⢿⣿⠛⠿⣿⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠻⠿⡿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠻⠿⠿⣿⡟⠟⠿⠿⣿⣿⢛⠿⠻⣿⣿⢛⠿⡿⢿⠿⠟⡟⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡟⠛⠿⣿⡟⡻⢿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 705
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
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Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-systemd-254/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ With_Latest_Systemd_Release,_Version_254,_Lennart_Microsoft_Attacks_Linux
Diversity_(and_Thus_Survivability)⠀✐
Posted in GNU/Linux, Kernel, Microsoft, Red_Hat at 10:29 am by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Matthew Garrett, Lennart Poettering, and Miguel de Icaza⦈
What do you need choice for anyway?
Summary: A new version of Systemd has come out and it stages another attack on
alternatives; we resurrect an old article about the “history of modern init
systems”
Microsoft Systemd 254 was released with the note (in LWN) that: “The
announcement also notes the support for split-/usr systems will be removed in
the next release, and support for version-one control groups and for System V
service scripts will be deleted in the near future as well.”
This is kind of a big deal to those of us who don’t want Systemd (our servers
adopted Alpine Linux, which hasn’t got Systemd). Also remember who controls
Systemd, not just its development environment, which is proprietary.
“Odd to see systemd get a headline feature the daemontools lineage has had for
decades,” one comment said in LWN. Yes, Systemd has its share of critics.
They’re not “haters”, they just know what’s going on.
Consider what was posted_yesterday_in_dyne.org, which is connected to Devuan
(the Systemd-Free Debian):
Hi,
A new, official systemd release (254) has just been tagged:
* Support for System V service scripts is now deprecated and will be
removed in a future release. Please make sure to update your software
*now* to include a native systemd unit file instead of a legacy
System V script to retain compatibility with future systemd releases.
A wonderful excuse to remove the last init scripts from packages.
Ciao,
Tito
One reader told us that the systemd 254 attack might be worth covering briefly
in the context of the_Halloween_Documents, of course. Because one thing Systemd
gravitates towards is monoculture and vendor lock-in through complexity.
Systemd isn’t really modular. If you adopt it, you adopt a whole lot of stuff
and if you reject it, many things may become incompatible. Systemd is a
monolith.
“There was a relevant link somewhere about the history of Init Systems with an
overview of each (systemd is not an init system),” a reader told us, “but that
article is impossible to find in the search engines.”
It turns out the article, A_history_of_modern_init_systems_(1992-2015), became
a dead link which is only accessible in the Wayback Machine. It was published
eight years ago and it’s already offline, so we’re reproducing it below. For
some context, Systemd isn’t an init system and it never was. It was an excuse
to rewrite and change everything. An init “is the first process started during
system boot. It is a a daemon process that continues running until the system
is shut down. Init is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes,
and automatically adopts all orphaned processes. It is started by the kernel
using a hard-coded filename; if the kernel is unable to start it, panic will
result. Init is typically assigned process identifier 1.”
Please find below the overview based on an article once available at https://
blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2015/09/05/0/ (dead link now).
=> =============================================================================
§ A history of modern init systems (1992-2015)⠀➾
by VR
The subject of process management, supervision and init(8) for Unix-like
systems is one plagued by a large degree of ahistoricity and “pop culture”
explanations. This leads to a lot of confusion and misunderstanding surrounding
feature sets and how one formulates the problems surrounding reliable process
management on Unix in general, making it a ripe topic for demagogues of all
persuasions.
Where GNU/Linux is concerned, the most common chronology given is that first
there was sysvinit. It sucked for a long time, but for whatever reason no one
did anything about it until Apple created launchd, which inspired Ubuntu to
make (or depending on who you sympathize with, NIH) Upstart only to hamper it
with a CLA. Then in 2010 systemd changes everything. Oh, and in the meantime,
Gentoo did something called OpenRC or whatever.
Indeed, the timeline of events and solutions is poorly understood, which very
often colors perceptions about just how novel existing solutions are. Most
critically, without a good historical understanding, you are unable to learn
from the mistakes of previous undertakings and perhaps end up unnecessarily
making the same errors in your design.
The purpose of this article is to set the record straight on the history of
attempts to create “modern” init systems, where we define “modern” somewhat
broadly as anything that tries to improve the classical BSD and System V styles
of initialization and service management.
This article is not meant to impart any technical judgments, but to simply
document what has been done, so that people interested in systems software
research and particularly Unix process supervision, can use it as a quick
reference for prior art. Just as importantly, it is meant to inform more casual
readers as to the history of solutions in this problem space and hopefully
broaden their horizons about this controversial issue.
It will not necessarily go into deep technical analysis, but rather provide
general overviews and links for further information.
(Before we begin, this article will not cover basic supervisors that cannot be
adapted into init(8) daemons, such as supervisord, monit, Circus, God, bluepill
and Eye. These are popular with web development crowds considering many of them
are based on languages like Python or Ruby, but they are not init systems, and
generally not novel, either.)
§ IBM System Resource Controller (1992)⠀➾
Probably the first modern init system, written for IBM AIX. It was the first to
insist on the now well known supervision semantics of not having services
daemonize themselves, but instead have them be daemonized by the supervisor
itself.
It was also the first to operate not just on daemons, but “subsystems” – which
could be groups of daemons and auxiliary programs. Solaris SMF would reuse the
same principle, 13 years later.
SRC was a fully contained framework, having tools for starting, stopping,
restarting and obtaining status for subsystems.
SRC did not rely on scripting or even traditional service configuration, but
instead relied on using commands to register subsystems and servers inside its
own object database. Again, SMF would echo this by introducing a service
configuration repository for storing runtime data and persistent configuration,
though still retaining user-visible configuration files in the form of XML
manifests.
§ daemontools (1997) + derivatives (1997-2015)⠀➾
The Maxwell’s equations of Unix process management.
Initially released by Daniel J. Bernstein in 1997, it has since went on to
become massively influential and often used to the present day. It has inspired
several derivatives and directly influenced systems that have been more
deviating from its model such as minit, ninit and depinit.
Virtually all init systems can and have been mapped as supersets of daemontools
in one form or another (e.g. systemd => nosh).
See JdeBP’s “The_daemontools_family”, Wayne Marshall’s daemontools_section_in
“the_djb_way”and Bernstein’s own_page for far better overviews than I could
ever give.
§ rc.d (2000)⠀➾
rc.d is a modular, dependency-based initscript framework initially adopted by
NetBSD circa 2000, primarily designed by Luke Mewburn. It has since spread to
the other BSDs, replacing the old, completely flat /etc/rc.
In rc.d, the init(8) daemon executes /etc/rc, which runs the rcorder(8) program
for calculating ordering dependencies on the initscripts in /etc/rc.d/.
Initscripts are written in a clean, standard format based on a file of common
subroutines called /etc/rc.subr, from which all initscripts source. In turn,
the global system and service startup behavior from which services to enable/
disable, to name service configuration and other modules, is done from the /
etc/rc.conf file, a shell script sourced by /etc/rc, working on simple key-
value pairs.
rc.d manages to retain a high degree of configurability and flexibility with
most common pain points about System V initscript-based systems being
completely eradicated, but it is again limited to a basic management framework
by design. Arch Linux used an rc.d-like setup before migrating to systemd in
§ simpleinit, jinit and the need(8) concept (2001-3)⠀➾
Envisioned by Richard Gooch in his 2002 paper “Linux_Boot_Scripts” as the
middle ground between SysV and BSD, with a twist.
In short, it was based on a flat directory of short scripts in /sbin/init.d
providing services and being synchronized through the use of two small
utilities: need(8) and provide(8), which are in turn symlinked to the argv[0]
of initctl(8).
These two primitives were meant to obsolete runlevels in favor of state
transitions and provide dependency management. provide(8) registers a service
based on a name, and need(8) starts or stops a service in a blocking fashion
depending on whether the name exists. display-services(8) was present for
status listing. Otherwise, the standard SysV inittab(5) was retained. See also
the initctl(8) manpage.
It did gain some modest success, being included in several embedded or
experimental projects, as well as serving as an early example of dependency-
based init. It is still used to this day by at least one active distribution,
Source Mage GNU/Linux.
simpleinit directly inspired John Fremlin to write a derivative in C++ entitled
jinit, which unusually used System V message queues for its IPC. It has not
been updated since 2003.
§ minit (2001-2)⠀➾
Designed by Fefe (Felix von Leitner), it can be somewhat described as an
inverted (endogenous) daemontools.
Where daemontools spawns a separate supervise process for each service, minit
unifies it into a central msvc supervisor. It also has a very basic dependency
system through each service directory having a “depends” file, really just a
way of calculating service ordering. It can start services both synchronously
and asynchronously.
It’s very tiny with a minimal footprint, being designed to link to dietlibc,
made by the same author. A 2004_presentation_at_Linux_Kongress goes into more
detail about the principles behind minit.
Nikola Vladov later forked it around 2007 to create ninit, which extended minit
with more service configuration options, as well as adding sysvinit
compatibility.
§ depinit (2002)⠀➾
depinit, written by Richard Lightman circa 2002, was a system self-described as
“[incorporating] ideas from sysvinit, simpleinit, daemontools and make”.
It supported parallel service startup, a relatively intelligent (for its time)
dependency system where the minimum number of dependent services were
calculated when having to stop something, rotating loggers through pipes and
user-configurable signals for how to operate on processes. It eschewed
runlevels in favor of grouping services by name in the file system, and had a
fully self-contained shutdown procedure that did not depend on scripts.
It used shell scripts, but these were much more concise due to having a sane
process management system. It unfortunately failed to gain significant notice
and died out.
§ daemond (2002-3)⠀➾
A seldom known but historically interesting system, daemond came with a
relatively intricate at the time system for resolving dependencies (including
special stanzas for kernel modules), and its own configuration syntax based on
blocks that could optionally include fragments from shell scripts (similar to
Upstart jobs).
Example:
service "fsck" {
description "Check filesystems";
require "lvm";
setup "/sbin/fsck -C -R -A -a";
}
service "mount-local" {
require "fsck";
description "Mount local filesystems";
setup "/sbin/mount -a -v -t nonfs,nosmbfs";
}
Other than services, it also read an initial configuration file from /etc/
daemond.rc and was designed around fast parallel startup.
Its dependency stanzas were as follows:
require "file-or-service";
This states that the service cannot be started at all unless the
file is present, or the service has been succesfully started.
need "file-or-service";
Same as require, except that if the dependency cannot be satisfied
then the entire service is made unavaliable, as though it did not
exist (so that services that depend on it will be able to proceed).
This is useful when you want a service that must start when some
condition is met, but which is optionnal otherwise.
want "service";
This is not a proper dependency, but a 'collaborating' service. This
directive states that if the service where it appears starts, then
service must be attempted as well, but need not succeed.
require module "module";
need module "module";
Same as the first two, but for kernel modules. It is usually better
to rely on kernel autoloading for the most part.
group "group";
This places the service in a group. That group can then be refered
to as if it was a service (starting all of the group) and will be
deemed successful if all the members of the group are started,
unless...
require any "group";
...is used, in which case the group will be deemed succesful if /any/
service in the group is started.
mode "mode" { ... };
This defines a target mode (akin to init's runlevels). It can only
contain dependencies.
It was written in C++ instead of C, and the author evidently had ambitions for
it, saying in his README:
I want this to someday be a mainstream alternative to the
antedeluvian SysV >and BSD inits, and it needs to be hammered on by
lots of people. If you >created the service definition files to make
your system boot right, I almost >certainly want a copy– especially
if you are using a standard distribution– >so that I can distribute
those as well.
It failed to leave an impression.
§ GNU dmd (2003)⠀➾
dmd (daemon managing daemons) is a system initially launched in 2003 by
Wolfgang Jährling, most notable for being entirely written and configurable in
Guile Scheme.
It was comatose (if not dead) for nearly a decade, it was revived in 2013 as
part of the Guix transactional package management system, also written in
Guile. Today it is used as the init daemon and service manager for the Guix
System Distribution.
It is well_documented and generally simple, being based on dependencies in the
form of a provides/requires relationship and having service configuration
routines be reusable Scheme macros, including so-called constructors for
encapsulating various execution disciplines.
Due to the primacy of the underlying Scheme language, it is thus remarkably
flexible and extensible. Here is a sample from the GuixSD sources:
(define (root-file-system-service)
"Return a service whose sole purpose is to re-mount read-only the root file
system upon shutdown (aka. cleanly "umounting" root.)
This service must be the root of the service dependency graph so that its
'stop' action is invoked when dmd is the only process left."
(with-monad %store-monad
(return
(service
(documentation "Take care of the root file system.")
(provision '(root-file-system))
(start #~(const #t))
(stop #~(lambda _
;; Return #f if successfully stopped.
(sync)
(call-with-blocked-asyncs
(lambda ()
(let ((null (%make-void-port "w")))
;; Close 'dmd.log'.
(display "closing log\n")
;; XXX: Ideally we'd use 'stop-logging', but that one
;; doesn't actually close the port as of dmd 0.1.
(close-port (@@ (dmd comm) log-output-port))
(set! (@@ (dmd comm) log-output-port) null)
;; Redirect the default output ports..
(set-current-output-port null)
(set-current-error-port null)
;; Close /dev/console.
(for-each close-fdes '(0 1 2))
;; At this point, there are no open files left, so the
;; root file system can be re-mounted read-only.
(mount #f "/" #f
(logior MS_REMOUNT MS_RDONLY)
#:update-mtab? #f)
#f)))))
(respawn? #f)))))
§ pinit (2003)⠀➾
pinit was a barely known yet surprisingly important init system designed by
Wouter von Klaunen circa 2003.
It was arguably the first system to use XML as its service configuration
language, predating even launchd and SMF. These resembled the following:
<startup message="Activating all swap partitions...">
/sbin/swapon -a
</startup>
<shutdown message="Deactivating all swap partitions...">
/sbin/swapoff -a
</shutdown>
<dependency name="system.checkfs"/>
As can be evidenced, it had a dependency system (more of an ordering-based one
than a fully transactional dependency resolver like SMF or systemd). It
supported parallel service startup and also might have been the first to have a
plugin system. That is to say, various bootup procedures, instead of being
hardcoded into the init daemon or launched as scripts, were dynamically loaded
and unloaded into/from pinit’s address space as shared objects, though there
did not appear to be a formally defined API.
Runlevels were set aside in favor of static profiles listing what to enable/
disable for a state transition, not unlike systemd presets.
It was somewhat heavyweight in comparison to its predecessors, making use of
libxml and GLib for its utility library.
It was abandoned and ultimately failed to leave an impression.
§ initng (2005)⠀➾
Initially released by Jimmy Wennlund in March of 2005 and largely tested on
Gentoo systems, initng was one of the more ambitious and complete new-school
systems. Besides the usual process management, supervision, service grouping
(called runlevels here), dependencies and parallelism, it was most notable for
its extremely comprehensive plugin system, having 47 in the base system by its
final release. Plugins were capable of hooking into over 20 different segmented
subsystems private to initng. These are all documented here, but they
effectively turn the init daemon into a dedicate module loader and handler.
Services themselves were configured in a block-based format called ifiles,
initng providing many prewritten files, e.g.
service service/aumix {
use = service/alsasound;
need = system/initial system/bootmisc;
stdall = /dev/null;
script start = {
if [ -f /etc/aumixrc ]
then
@/usr/bin/aumix@ -f /etc/aumixrc -L
else
@/usr/bin/aumix@ -v75 -c75 -w75
fi
};
exec stop = @/usr/bin/aumix@ -f /etc/aumixrc -S;
}
As such, it could be regarded as a comprehensive example of a meta-init.
It was considered_by_Ubuntu at one point, but they ultimately decided to create
Upstart, instead. The initng project has since quietly died, gaining little to
no success.
§ launchd (2005)⠀➾
Arguably the first “new-school” init system, characterized by having much of
the logic all in the init(8) daemon while talking to it with a control utility.
Configured through XML plists. In OS X, it’s also the bootstrap daemon
(discovery registry) for Mach kernel services. Popularized the buzzword_of
“socket_activation”. Segregates daemons (system-wide) from agents (per-user),
the latter being grouped into types welded into OS X-specific subsystems like
the loginwindow or the Aqua UI. Revolves around pure lazy loading of services,
with no formal dependency model, instead expecting services to synchronize
themselves via IPC throughout the rest of the OS X stack. Couples process types
to scheduling policies and resource limits, evidently meant to preserve desktop
responsiveness.
It was considered for Ubuntu, thrown away for licensing reasons (at the time it
used the GPL-incompatible Apple Public Source License). Currently being
explored by the NextBSD project and potentially for FreeBSD later down the
road.
§ Service Management Facility (SMF) (2005)⠀➾
Solaris SMF was likely the first to have a complicated transactional dependency
system, these being tracked in an internal graph engine. Designed for complex
server management scenarios. Integrates deeply with Solaris Fault Manager for
tracking hardware anomalies, each service being identified through an FMRI
(Fault Management Resource Identifier). Services are configured using XML
manifests, which are then compiled into a database called the service
configuration repository (where services may also optionally store runtime
data), which can be read from using svcprop(1) and dynamically configured with
svccfg(1). Service instances themselves are controlled through svcadm(1) and
status obtained with svcs(1).
SMF differentiates between the master restarter (svc.startd, the default
dependency manager) and delegated restarters, which export the same service
states as the master restarter but have different, application-specific
behaviors. Under Solaris, inetd is a delegated restarter.
More information can be found at the_Oracle_documentation.
§ eINIT (2006)⠀➾
Similar to initng in it being heavily plugin-based, the init daemon is only a
handler. Also targeted towards Gentoo. Configured in XML. Significantly higher
meta-configurability than initng, each module being configurable with XML in
the einit.xml manifest. Based on provides/requires type of dependencies and an
event subsystem, but more for internal events like monitoring module loads/
unloads than something meant for services to register to.
Example:
<daemon id="daemon-boinc"
name="BOINC client"
provides="boinc"
requires="mount-critical"
command="cd /var/lib/boinc; boinc_client"
restart="yes" />
Failed to gain traction and since abandoned.
§ Upstart (2006)⠀➾
Originally designed by Scott James Remnant for Ubuntu. Briefly used in Fedora
at one point, still in ChromeOS (Ubuntu itself moving on to systemd).
Upstart revolves around the idea of emitting events and taking actions in
response, e.g. start and stop a service. It provides several modules called
bridges to translate various kernel or userspace events into its own native
queue. The list of built-in events is defined in upstart-events(7).
First to use D-Bus as the communication mechanism inside PID 1.
An event is thus an abstract precondition or postcondition for taking an action
with regards to a service. They are just as much about synchronization as they
are about dynamism and lazy loading.
The_Upstart_Cookbook goes in-depth into the architecture.
§ Asus eeePC fastinit + derivatives (2007-2015)⠀➾
As part of Asus’s eeePC notebook line around 2007-2008, which had variants
preinstalled with a GNU/Linux distribution called Xandros, they wrote a
proprietary init(8) replacement entitled fastinit specifically designed for the
purpose of… booting really fast, I suppose.
In 2008, it was reverse_engineered_by_Claudio_Matsuoka. The reason for its
speed was simple. It was a completely self-contained boot logic in a small C
program that directly called to POSIX for all operations that would usually be
run as a shell script. It was designed for static configurability at compile
time by editing the hardcoded C macros. As such, it also wasn’t flexible.
Around 2014-2015, however, it was forked and significantly extended by embedded
developer Joachim Nilsson and rechristened finit.
Much like the previously mentioned pinit, finit works on a plugin-based system
for hooking into the boot logic dynamically, except it actually has a clearly
defined API. It stays compatible with SysV runlevels and comes with an embedded
inetd for preopening server sockets, and is configured using a flat /etc/
finit.conf file, like so:
user admin
host testbed
check /dev/vda1
module button
module evdev
module loop
module psmouse
runlevel 2
network service networking start
tty /dev/tty1
tty /dev/tty2
tty /dev/tty3
service [2345] /sbin/klogd -n -- Kernel logging server
service [2345] /sbin/syslogd -n -- Syslog server
service [3] /usr/sbin/gdm -- GNOME Display Manager
inetd time/udp wait [2345] internal -- UNIX rdate
service
inetd time/tcp nowait [2345] internal -- UNIX rdate
service
inetd ssh@eth0:222/tcp nowait [2345] /usr/sbin/sshd -i -- SSH service
inetd ssh/tcp nowait [2345] /usr/sbin/sshd -i -- SSH service
service :1 [2345] /sbin/httpd -f -h /http -p 80 -- Web server
service :2 [2345] /sbin/httpd -f -h /http -p 8080 -- Old web server
finit is definitely oriented towards more limited systems, but it manages to
impart a lot of flexibility with its small surface.
§ OpenRC (2007)⠀➾
Used primarily by Gentoo but also Alpine Linux and others, meant to replace the
earlier Gentoo baselayout scripts. OpenRC in fact doesn’t supply an init
daemon, but provides a comprehensive process management framework (though
little in the way of supervision, as it is meant to integrate with external
supervisors, such as its explicit support for the s6 daemontools-like
supervisor) heavily influenced by the rc.d of the BSD systems. Hence the name.
It has been booted from Busybox init+mdev and sysvinit successfully.
See the Gentoo_wiki and ArchWiki overviews.
§ Android init (2008)⠀➾
Android init is a specialized init daemon designed to handle platform-specific
features like system properties and provide a generic lazy loading system based
on an event mechanism called actions, some user-defined, others set by the init
daemon itself. It is configured in a monolithic /init.rc using a line-based
configuration language.
I have a detailed article about its workings which can_be_read_here. It does
not have much in the way of novelty, but rather is intended to be something
vendors can configure once in their initramfs and forget afterwards.
§ systemd (2010)⠀➾
Originally_meant_to_be_called_Babykit.
No further clarification necessary.
§ procd (2012)⠀➾
procd is a small init daemon with supervision designed specifically for
OpenWrt, and thus tailored towards systems like routers. It uses a small,
object-oriented message bus implementation called ubus for communication, and
supports service sandboxing through namespaces and through syscall filtering
like seccomp-bpf.
A special library for init scripts is used, e.g.
START=50
USE_PROCD=1
start_service() {
procd_open_instance
procd_set_param command /usr/bin/xupnpd
procd_append_param command -d /usr/share/xupnpd
procd_set_param respawn
procd_close_instance
}
Where the procd_ routines serialize the arguments into JSON and pass them over
ubus.
§ Epoch (2014)⠀➾
Epoch is a deliberately minimalist init daemon having full process management
and supervision, but executing all processes serially/synchronously. Uses the
Object metaphor for services and similarly to Android init, is configured using
a central file (here INI-like), e.g.
Hostname=FILE /etc/hostname
DefaultRunlevel=boot
EnableLogging=true
DisableCAD=true
BlankLogOnBoot=true
MountVirtual=procfs sysfs devpts+ devshm+
ObjectID=sysclock
ObjectDescription=Configuring system clock
ObjectStartCommand=hwclock -s
ObjectStopCommand=hwclock -w
ObjectStartPriority=1
ObjectStopPriority=2
ObjectEnabled=true
ObjectOptions=RAWDESCRIPTION
ObjectRunlevels=boot core
ObjectID=mountruntmp
ObjectDescription=Mounting /run and /tmp
ObjectStartCommand=/etc/epoch/scripts/mountruntmp.sh
ObjectStopCommand=NONE
ObjectStartPriority=2
ObjectStopPriority=0
ObjectEnabled=true
ObjectOptions=RAWDESCRIPTION
ObjectRunlevels=boot core hurr
ObjectID=rwfs
ObjectDescription=root filesystem read-write support
ObjectStartCommand=/bin/mount -o remount,rw /
ObjectStopCommand=/bin/mount -o remount,ro /
ObjectStartPriority=4
ObjectStopPriority=6
ObjectEnabled=true
Uses its own private, basic message bus implementation based on System V shared
memory.
As is observed, it has the concept of priorities for ordering as opposed to
dependencies. Priorities can also be used for logical groupings, and a priority
of 0 is equivalent to a mask or hard disable.
§ sinit (2014)⠀➾
Über alles.
static void sigpoweroff(void);
static void sigreap(void);
static void sigreboot(void);
static void spawn(char *const []);
static struct {
int sig;
void (*handler)(void);
} sigmap[] = {
{ SIGUSR1, sigpoweroff },
{ SIGCHLD, sigreap },
{ SIGINT, sigreboot },
};
static char *const rcinitcmd[] = { "/bin/rc.init", NULL };
static char *const rcrebootcmd[] = { "/bin/rc.shutdown", "reboot", NULL };
static char *const rcpoweroffcmd[] = { "/bin/rc.shutdown", "poweroff", NULL };
static sigset_t set;
int
main(void)
{
int sig;
size_t i;
if (getpid() != 1)
return 1;
chdir("/");
sigfillset(&set;);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set;, NULL);
spawn(rcinitcmd);
while (1) {
sigwait(&set;, &sig;);
for (i = 0; i < LEN(sigmap); i++) {
if (sigmap[i].sig == sig) {
sigmap[i].handler();
break;
}
}
}
/* not reachable */
return 0;
}
static void
sigpoweroff(void)
{
spawn(rcpoweroffcmd);
}
static void
sigreap(void)
{
while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0)
;
}
static void
sigreboot(void)
{
spawn(rcrebootcmd);
}
static void
spawn(char *const argv[])
{
pid_t pid;
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
perror("fork");
} else if (pid == 0) {
sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set;, NULL);
setsid();
execvp(argv[0], argv);
perror("execvp");
_exit(1);
}
}
§ Final notes⠀➾
Contact V.R. at Dark n’ Edgy forums or leave a comment if there are any
inaccuracies. The article’s descriptions are kept general, and further research
should be done on a per-project basis if desired.
=> =============================================================================
✐ Comments⠀✐
⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Sep 7 04:34:28 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
Thanks for this research.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Sep 7 20:56:42 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
Looks like the #includes didn’t make it under sinit. Something eating your
angle brackets?
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 8 05:15:08 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
< and > into < and > respectively, please. HTML likes to devour angle brackets.
XML in general, actually.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 8 05:15:50 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
And it seems that my previous comment has < and > turned into
< and >. Heh.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 8 05:16:16 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
And that comment did not. This is strange.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 03:02:33 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
s6/s6-rc/runit/supervision-scripts?
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 05:53:12 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
Re: systemd, no further clarification necessary? That’s a cop out and also
devalues the article since not everybody has an implicit understanding of
systemd.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 13:49:27 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
supervision-scripts is not a framework per se, it is a collection of
definitions for daemontools and their cousins. The idea is that supervision
based suites didn’t typically have complete sets of definitions, resulting in
the need to write one-off scripts that are typically time consuming and error
prone.
tl;dr it was meant to be deployed alongside daemontools/runit/s6 as a set of
daemon definitions that would “just werk” out of the box.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 14:27:07 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
What about Gobolinux’s BootBcript system? It’s been around since 2002.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Sat Sep 12 22:17:05 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
OpenBSD’s rc.d(8) is actually unrelated implementation-wise from NetBSD/
FreeBSD, it was introduced in the 4.9 release.
http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man8/rc.d.8
http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man8/rc.subr.8
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Sun Sep 13 15:57:57 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
A fantastic walk through of init systems’ history. Enjoyed reading it. Thanks
so much!
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Sep 14 05:49:31 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
One point about openrc. It already existed since the start of the Gentoo
distribution. At that point it wasn’t called openrc, but it was essentially the
same (although it has of course been extended). This dates back to 2001, and
has been heavily influenced by Daniel Robbin’s experience with freebsd.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 15 16:33:29 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
No talk of RunIt? It’s pretty similar to S6, except that it usually boots
faster than other init systems with similar features.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 16 12:30:59 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
Agreed wrt OpenRC. It’s been in Gentoo longer as part of baselayout, but was
split out and renamed OpenRC because Roy wanted to make it more of a standalone
project for other OS’s.
It started in CVS, but you can still see the SVN converted history:
https://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/baselayout/trunk/?pathrev=2
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Thu Sep 17 15:19:23 EDT 2015)
⠀⇛
What about supervisord, runit, and nosh?
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Aug 22 16:49:02 EDT 2016)
⠀⇛
OpenRC was created in 2001 it was just merged with Gentoo’s baselayou until
It’s been officially parallel since at least 2008.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Apr 11 06:06:00 EDT 2017)
⠀⇛
v ,, ,, ,,
MM MM MM MM ,pW”Wq.`7Mb,od8 ,M””bMM .gP”Ya `7Mb,od8 MM,dMMb. MM ,6″Yb. `7MMpMMMb. MM ,MP’ 6W’ `Wb MM’ “‘,AP MM ,M’ Yb MM’ “‘ MM `Mb MM 8) MM MM MM MM ;Y 8M M8 MM 8MI MM 8M”””””” MM MM M8 MM ,pm9MM MM MM MM;Mm YA. ,A9 MM `Mb MM YM. , MM MM. ,M9 MM 8M MM MM MM MM `Mb.
YA.
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Jan 1 08:15:11 EST 2018)
⠀⇛
I <3 glenda
=> =============================================================================
⚓ By: Glenda (Sat Feb 15 18:57:27 EST 2020)
⠀⇛
my name jeff ecks dee….. █
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢛⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢠⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠈⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠻⠿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢠⣿⣿⣟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣼⣿⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⡈⠉⠛⠙⠋⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠻⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡾⠋⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠟⠋⠉⣨⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣟⡛⠛⠃⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣆⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣆⠹⣿⣆⣿⡄⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣷⣥⣅⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠹⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡍⠉⠀⠹⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣴⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠠⠶⠛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣤⣤⣴⣷⡄⣐⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣶⣾⣦⠀⠀⠾⢾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡏⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⠝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢰⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠥⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⢯⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠸⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣰⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠋⠙⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢀⣼⣿⢿⣿⣇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⠉⠛⠛⢛⣉⣭⣽⣾⠟⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠛⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣠⣾⢟⣵⣿⣿⠇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⠿⠃⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠃⠠⠒⠛⣿⡿⠟⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⢀⣼⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⡤⣠⣾⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠋⣀⣤⣴⣤⣤⣾⣋⣤⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠁⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢟⣫⣾⠟⢹⣿⣿⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⠀⠒⠋⣭⣾⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣠⡞⠛⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣯⡸⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢿⣿⡟⢹⢀⣿⣿⡝⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⠀⠁⢠⣾⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠋⠀⠀⠸⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⢿⣏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⡌⢻⡆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠳⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠛⣀⠀⣀⡀⣠⣼⢻⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡮⣿⣟⣗⡀⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⡿⡿⠷⠿⠻⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢛⡟⠛⠛⢛⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣮⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⣻⡇⠀⠀⡀⠀⡏⡙⣠⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣮⡻⣿⣿⣿⢻⣞⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣧⣿⣀⣤⣴⣾⣁⣠⣄⡀⡇⠀⢰⣠⣆⡟⣧⣷⡧⢿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣶⠀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡬⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣎⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢹⠀⠁⠀⠙⢷⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣟⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣅⣀⠀⠸⠓⠤⢶⡄⣰⡞⠇⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡉⢡⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⣤⠀⠀⠴⢿⡄⠘⣧⢹⣯⣷⣶⣻⠟⢯⣾⠸⠿⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠾⠿⠷⠠⠶⠟⠑⠲⠋⠘⠉⠉⠀⠉⠀⠰⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡾⠳⠛⢹⣯⡽⡿⣻⢷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠱⣖⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠤⣖⣖⣶⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠻⣇⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡻⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1882
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/nancy-anthracite-vista/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/nancy-anthracite-vista/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Nancy_Anthracite_on_Using_Free_Software_for_Electronic_Health_Records_at_the
US_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs⠀✐
Posted in Free/Libre_Software, Videos at 7:03 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link
https://media.libreplanet.org/mgoblin_media/media_entries/3444/lp2023-
worldvista-june-05.webm
Summary: The LibrePlanet MediaGoblin instance uploaded this_VistA_(the_Free
software,_not_Windows)_talk 2 days and 4 hours ago. The summary says:
“WorldVistA EHR is a slightly modified version of the Department of Veterans
Affairs Electronic Health Record, VistA. VistA is currently in the process of
being replaced by Oracle Cerner by the VA, but implementation of the new system
is currently on hold because it is not performing up to expectations.
Meanwhile, VistA is in use in many places internationally, with the largest
implementation in the country of Jordan. The largest implementation in the U.S.
is at Central Regional Hospital, a state mental health hospital in North
Carolina. It will fall upon the free software community to keep this
comprehensive free software EHR available in the future.”
Licence: CC_BY-SA_4.0
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1926
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/ortivus-ambulance-service-failure/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/ortivus-ambulance-service-failure/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Microsoft_Windows_Kills,_Staff_in_Ambulances_Cannot_Function_Due_to_Apparent
Microsoft/Windows_Breach_(Ortivus)⠀✐
Posted in Deception, Microsoft, Security, Windows at 11:23 am by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum f61ec70272c7d04fdf6f006ec21bc29a
The NHS and Microsoft TCO
Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0
http://techrights.org/videos/ambulances-and-microsoft.webm
Summary: What the media calls “cyber attack” may in fact be a complete system
breach and what it conveniently blames on some obscure supplier is likely a
serious incident implicating Microsoft, resulting in deaths of people
THIS article is well overdue. We planned to write about the topic as soon as
the media had broken the story, but we still needed definitive proof of
ambulances or ambulance services being impacted by a Windows/Microsoft shop.
Now we have what we needed.
As a little bit of background, consider reading our_2020_series about how
Windows in hospitals kills a lot of people, probably more people than COVID-19
killed.
“As a little bit of background, consider reading our_2020_series about how
Windows in hospitals kills a lot of people, probably more people than COVID-19
killed.”The first report we saw about the ambulances was in_a_British_tabloid,
the Daily Fail (notorious and controversial domestically and abroad). My wife
saw a similar story (saying_“cyber_attack”) in the Microsoft-friendly and Bill
Gates-bribed BBC (or BillBC). Calling it a “cyber attack” is misrepresenting
the problem, shifting blame to another party. The Daily Fail used the same term
(the headline was “Cyber attack hits two ambulance trusts leaving hospitals
without access to electronic patient records”).
But what really happened? As we showed recently, in the_case_of_London’s
municipality, they tend to downplay if not lie about security incidents. They
belittle the severity and impact.
As one associate explained early in the past week, “if it can be confirmed by a
legitimate paper or authentic source, then it goes in the Windows Total Cost of
Ownership (TCO) section. Too bad no news sites are onto the TCO aspect any
more. It was discussed for a while about 20 or so years ago. The extra
electricity used by Windows and Microsoft software in general is an
environmental problem at-scale.”
“But what really happened?”Not too long later we saw more reports with no
substance in them, except Microsoft_spin (offloading the blame).
This Microsoft Windows TCO story was published with “cyber-attack” (or
“cyberattack”) in the headline just_3_days_ago:
Several UK NHS ambulance organizations have been struggling to record
patient data and pass it to other providers following a cyber-attack
aimed at health software company Ortivus.
In a statement, the Sweden-headquartered software vendor said it was
subject to a cyber-attack on July 18 which hit UK customer systems
within its hosted datacenter environment.
The brand “Ortivus” says nothing about which technologies were to blame.
Where’s the technical journalism?
Microsoft shills are in high gear spinning the situations to deflect from
proper attribution.
So what does Ortivus use? Let’s examine their site:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Outlook_at_Ortivus⦈_
Ortivus uses Microsoft for mail. No proficient (at technology) company would do
that.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Ortivus_hiding_behind_a_CDN⦈_
So it’s a Windows shop with Clownflare as a CDN (dangerous outsourcing to
another continent, to a_flailing_and_failing_company). Hiding_behind_a_CDN is a
sign of weakness. They could use something like Varnish instead. If they had
skilled staff that can follow a simple manual. Microsoft drones are not skilled
staff.
Well, no one except a Microsoft shop or Microsoft partner would even consider
running IIS.
Why is nobody in the media blaming the technology? Why are they blaming a mere
brand of some firm? They blame a “third party supplier” for that breach but
that is not mutually exclusive with Windows being at fault. Here is some
shallow coverage that came later:
* ⚓ Cyber_attack_on_IT_supplier_hits_two_major_ambulance_trusts_|_Computer
Weekly⠀⇛
* ⚓ Cyberattack_Investigation_Shuts_Down_Ambulance_Patient_Records_System⠀⇛
* ⚓ Software_Vendor_Attack_Slows_Down_2_UK_Ambulance_Services⠀⇛
So they blame “Software Vendor” or “IT supplier”. One that runs on a Windows
server no less… in 2023. “They are also conflating an attack with a breach,”
one reader noted, and “that is another small clue [plus] the Netcraft report
also implicates them with an SPF of outlook.com.”
“The video above is taking on all the “supply chain attack” FUD which has been
directed at FOSS and redirecting it back at Microsoft because this was the
quintessential supply chain attack.”So what we have here is no ‘smoking gun’
but a lot of circumstantial evidence and clue they’re probably “throwing the
subcontractor under the bus” to distract from Windows involvement. Since some
past incidents they have been careful not to announce Windows deployments and
especially not Sharepoint or other shambolic monstrosities.
The video above is taking on all the_"supply_chain_attack"_FUD which has been
directed at FOSS and redirecting it back at Microsoft because this was the
quintessential supply chain attack. The FOSS susceptibility is theoretical,
this one was a real-life exploit using existing Microsoft deployments.
“We’re meant to think that something being defective by intention will “create
jobs”.”One can hope this latest incidents leads to increased awareness of not
just the TCO of Windows but the importance of upgrading to other systems,
specifically GNU/Linux. The recent Norwegian_Windows_breach was a
quintessential example of a supply chain compromise, one with which they’ve
tried repeatedly to smear FOSS with. Yet in real life the first big state level
one turns out to be Microsoft.
If security were part of the design, this_Windows-contrived_‘shortage’ would
not exist at all. The parable of security as an after-market add-on is
conveniently_named_“Broken_Window”. We’re meant to think that something being
defective by intention will “create jobs”. █
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠩⠉⣿⣫⣿⡟⣿⣛⣿⡟⣿⢩⣟⣻⣿⣻⡿⣿⣽⣻⡟⣿⡟⣿⡿⡻⣿⠟⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣻⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠻⡿⢿⢿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2119
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/social-control-media-bubble-fb/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/social-control-media-bubble-fb/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Social_Control_Media_as_a_Bubble:Facebook(Meta)_is_in_Debt_Greater_Than_the
Company_is_Really_Worth_or_Has_in_the_Bank⠀✐
Posted in Apple, Deception, Finance, Microsoft at 6:25 pm by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
In the bizarre world of Ponzi_(Wall)_Street, rich-by-obfuscation companies like
GAFAM can even exceed in debt their real worth; TWTR (Twitter) was one example
of it because it’s worse than worthless now. Here’s Facebook:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇FB_debt_again⦈_
No wonder Sandberg et al left.
So Facebook is in deeper debt than TWTR was in and it_is_running_low_on_cash
(Microsoft’s debt is similar to what it claims_to_have_in_the_bank and Apple’s
debt is twice_as_big_as_what_it_has_at_hand). Threads is also failing, just
like Metaverse. Debt_economy is an economy wherein borrowings are gradually
becoming like a “currency” rather than positive cashflow (buying one’s own
shares is just plain embezzlement).
Due to a name change some sites get_confused, but it would be funny if the
following was true too:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇fb-debt⦈_
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇DB_debt_-_closer⦈_
Incorrect numbers
Summary: The financial state of GAFAM (Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple,
Microsoft) isn’t quite as the media makes it seem; there’s lots of debt in the
mix and market valuations are faked, based upon speculations or “pump and dump”
tactics, with “mergers and acquisitions” being a cover for passing debt around
“Microsoft, the world’s most valuable company, declared a profit of $4.5
billion in 1998; when the cost of options awarded that year, plus the change in
the value of outstanding options, is deducted, the firm made a loss of $18
billion, according to Smithers.”
–The_Economist,_1999
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡍⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣹⠀⣿⠄⠰⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣺⣀⣿⣀⣠⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣺⣿⣾⣆⣿⣀⣈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣃⣡⣂⣐⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡅⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣠⣣⣢⣢⣐⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣶⣦⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠛⠛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣗⣌⣂⣇⣗⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣄⣺⣾⣑⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣢⣱⣵⣯⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣸⣂⣇⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣄⣺⣢⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣢⣷⣐⣔⣢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡲⡂⣏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣇⢖⣯⠉⢹⢌⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣮⣤⣼⣼⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡜⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⢛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⢿⡿⣿⡻⠟⡻⠛⠿⢿⠿⢻⠻⠿⢿⣟⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣭⡥⠤⢄⠤⣤⣤⡤⠤⢄⠤⡤⣤⡤⠤⢄⠤⠤⣤⡤⠤⢄⠤⢤⣤⡤⢤⡄⠤⠤⣤⡤⠤⠤⠤⢤⣤⠤⠤⠤⠤⣿⣿⢸⡘⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⢸⣷⠣⠤⠤⣷⣥⢴⣴⣮⣼⣦⣤⡦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣾⣴⣯⣬⣤⣼⣬
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡆⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⡨⢼⢬⣬⣤⣧⣬⣬⣽⣯⣶⣶⣴⣬⣤⣯⣴⣬⣷⣥⣤⣥⣦⣦
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣼⣧⣥⣼⣴⣤⣤⣤⣦⣦⣧⣤⣼⣤⣥⣼⣬⣼⣤⣤⣦⣴⣮⣤⣷⣥⣤⣵⣧⣬⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⣦⢺⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣏⣋⣹⣩⣉⣉⣭⣍⣝⣍⣍⣻⣙⣋⣩⣙⣏⣙⣋⣯⣛⣫⣿⣫⣉⣍⣏⣛⣉⣭⣙⣿⣩⣉⣹⣹⣙⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣭⡌⣽⣯⣭⣽⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣯⣯⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣥⣦⣦⣤⣽⣤⣤⣥⣧⣬⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣽⣯⡸⣭⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣯⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣏⣉⣹⣩⣉⣉⣭⣍⣍⣿⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣯⣍⣩⣙⣯⣩⣉⣏⣉⣉⣯⣏⣉⣹⣿⣩⣋⣉⣭⣉⣽⣉⣉⣙⣭⣉⣍⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣦⣥⢨⣼⣿⣿⣧⣤⣥⣧⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣭⣦⣴⣼⣬⣥⣤⣦⣽⣧⣧⣤⣧⣴⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣤⣼⡌⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣥⣧⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣟⣉⣉⣍⣏⣉⣉⣏⣩⣉⣹⣙⣹⣹⣋⣉⣙⣟⣉⣉⣯⣋⣉⣯⣍⣍⣏⣉⣹⣹⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣹⣏⣏⣩⣹⣩⣍⣹⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣴⣷⣼⠰⣿⣿⣧⣦⣥⣧⣿⣿⣷⣭⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣭⣷⣥⣤⣵⣯⣦⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣬⣴⣿⣼⣇⢿⣿⣷⣭⣮⣧⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣏⣉⣹⣩⣉⣉⣭⣍⣍⣍⣍⣻⣉⣉⣹⣏⣯⣹⣹⣭⣉⣽⣩⣻⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣽⣉⣍⣏⣽⣉⣉⣉⣏⣙⣉⣝⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣯⣙⣹⣛⣙⣉⡎⣙⣙⣻⣛⣭⣭⣩⣙⣉⣟⣹⣙⣯⣋⣉⣋⣍⣍
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢻⡟⠛⢻⢛⠛⠛⣛⡛⡛⡛⡛⢿⠛⠛⢻⡛⠛⠻⠛⢻⣟⡟⠛⢻⠛⡟⡛⡿⠛⢻⢻⡛⠛⢿⠟⠛⢻⣛⢛⢻⠻⢛⠛⣿⣿⢸⣿⣯⣭⣼⣯⣽⣯⣥⢡⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣏⣏⣹⣿⣽⣉⣝⣩⣹⣝⣉⣹⣉⣹⣩⣏⣏⣍⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢟⣛⣛⣻⣻⣛⣃⢻⣛⣛⣻⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣟⣻⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣛⣟⣻⣛⣿⡜⣿⣟⣛⣻⣟⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⡶⡶⠶⡶⠶⡶⠶⠶⡶⢶⢶⠶⠶⠶⡶⠶⠶⣶⠶⢶⠶⡶⠶⡶⢶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣋⣹⣻⣟⣋⣿⣿⣷⢹⣿⣋⣟⣏⣿⣿⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣽⡟⠳⠲⠳⠖⡒⢓⢚⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣦⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣉⣋⣽⣿⣿⣄⣿⣏⣩⣏⣿⣿⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣉⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣩⣏⣿⣿⣏⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣬⣴⣶⣦⣿⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣥⣮⣿⣼⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣿⣾⠶⠶⢶⡴⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⠶⠶⢶⢶⣶⣶⠶⡶⠶⡶⠶⠶⡶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⢶⡰⡶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠶⡶⣦⢶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⡶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⢶⡶⣶⢶⠶⢶⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⡏⣙⠛⢛⠙⡛⢛⠛⣻⠛⢛⡟⠛⠻⡏⡹⠛⣟⢛⣟⢛⡟⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣟⡻⣿⠟⡟⣟⠛⣿⠛⡟⠟⣛⡻⢛⣛⠛⢛⠻⡟⢟⢟⠟⣿⣟⠛⠛⣛⣻⠻⢻⢛⣻⠛⢻⡟⣟⣛⠻⢻⡻⢟⢻⢻⡟⣟⢻⠻⠛⡟⣿⠛⠛⢻⢟⢟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡟⡿⠿⠿⣿⣻⡿⠿⠟⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡟⠿⠿⠿⢻⡿⡿⠿⠟⣿⠻⢿⢿⠟⡿⡿⡿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡟⣻⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⢿⣟⢟⠟⡟⣿⠻⢿⣟⠟⠻⡻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣯⣵⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣧⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣬⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣨⣉⣸⣆⡉⢈⣙⣸⣇⣇⣀⣘⣀⣿⣊⣀⣀⣉⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⡯⢏⣿⣋⣏⣍⣉⣿⣻⣏⣭⣥⣝⣍⣭⣏⣙⣹⣯⣉⣉⣉⣍⣭⣉⣯⣿⣉⣹⣯⣉⣉⣩⣏⣹⣍⣯⣭⣉⣉⣿⣏⣈⣁⣭⣹⣫⣥⣏⣽⣏⣙⣋⣹⣯⣿⣿⣈⣉⣽⣥⣩⣽⣍⣹⣥⣈⣫⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⢻⢻⡛⢿⠟⢛⣟⣿⡻⠛⡟⡻⠻⣛⠟⢛⣻⡻⠛⢻⣟⠛⣛⡟⢻⢛⡻⣟⠛⣛⢻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣤⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⡿⡻⣿⣿⢿⠿⠻⠻⠿⢿⡿⡿⡿⠟⢿⠿⠿⡟⠿⡿⢿⠻⠿⠿⢿⠛⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡟⡟⠿⠿⠿⡟⠻⡿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⡿⠟⣿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⣿⡻⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣧⣼⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣯⣶⣿⣾⣷⣦⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣸⣢⣒⣂⣏⣰⣺⣾⣇⣅⣇⣘⣰⣇⣂⣟⣻⣺⣎⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⡯⢏⣿⣃⣯⣍⣉⣿⣾⣏⣭⣥⣝⣍⣭⣏⣙⣹⣇⣩⣭⣉⣸⣫⣯⣉⣁⣿⣍⣨⣽⣆⣉⣿⣼⡯⢫⣍⣹⣽⣿⣍⣛⣽⣎⣽⣷⣉⣉⣍⣽⣭⣉⣉⣍⣽⣠⣑⣅⣀⣿⣭⣼⣽⣎⣓⣉⣚⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢻⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⡻⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢻⣻⢿⡿⠿⠿⠟⢿⡿⠟⣿⠟⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠟⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠻⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣯⣵⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣧⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣗⣘⣀⣐⣇⣿⣈⣀⣛⣟⣯⣹⣈⣿⣗⣓⣰⣇⣿⣘⣻⣷⣯⣺⣀⣺⣟⣁⣃⣈⣹⣿⣿⣍⣷⣸⣺⣂⣂⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2286
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/writing-about-github-and-gitlab-state-today/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/writing-about-github-and-gitlab-state-today/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ GitLab_the_Company,Just_Like_GitHub(Now_Part_of_Microsoft,_Going_Through
Several_Rounds_of_Layoffs_This_Year,_Even_Office_Shutdowns),_is_Sinking_Deep
Into_Debt_and_Showing_the_Risk_of_Outsourcing⠀✐
Posted in Deception, Finance, Free/Libre_Software, Microsoft, Servers at 12:44
pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum f61ec70272c7d04fdf6f006ec21bc29a
Serfs and Sharecropping With Git
Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0
http://techrights.org/videos/outsourcing-to-failing-companies.webm
Summary: ‘Free’ hosting for Git may not be a viable business plan; be wary and
careful not to offload creative work to debt-saddled firms (that work being
text, code, videos etc.)
THIS post is related to the trend of digital sharecropping we often allude to
in the context of social control media such as Twitter or Diaspora or the
Fediverse. Many people still live in a fantasy land wherein the Web is full of
‘free’ services ripe for exploitation. As the old saying goes, there’s no free
lunch* and anything that seems free may in fact be temporarily free (grace
period, sometimes for market penetration and vendor lock-in).
This post will focus on GitLab as an example, but we’re not singling out
GitLab. There are many others like it, including Clownflare.
“Git is Free software. Some of the Web interface suites are not.”Remember that
Clownflare is not free. Clownflare is a trap. It’s also a cancer on the World
Wide Web.
Self-hosting isn’t a matter of “making a point”. It’s a principled and
practical decision based on pragmatism. Some people will never learn until
they’re betrayed time and time again, forced to restart from scratch over and
over (ad infinitum**).
Git is Free software. Some of the Web interface suites are not. Some are a
hybrid of sorts. Some are purely proprietary, e.g. GitHub. Microsoft is trying
to pull an E.E.E. on Git, with stuff like the github/gh command along with
proprietary extensions at the Web level and editors’ level. Be sceptical of
Trojan horses.
Let’s examine the situation of GitLab as a company (not GitLab the software):
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇gitlab-debt⦈_
Notice how quickly debt_is_growing
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GitLab_Net_Income_2021-2023⦈_
Income_in_the_red
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GitLab_shares⦈_
GitLab shares over-inflate the
‘worth’ of this company (not a unique problem)
The short story is, GitLab took ~1,200 million dollar in debt this year while
laying off staff. GitLab has a fictional market cap of 7.40B for a company in
debt and which cannot make money (losing hundreds of millions each year; number
of employees in 2023 is 2,170 and losses per head about $100,000 per annum).
It’s like Twitter Junior.
“GitHub had two rounds of layoffs so far this year.”It’s probably the same with
GitHub’s losses (debt too), but Microsoft does not break down the numbers that
way. GitHub had two rounds of layoffs so far this year.
As per this report, published_months_ago: “investor one-year losses grow to 54%
as the stock sheds US$1.4b this past week…”
It says “GitLab didn’t make a profit in the last twelve months,” further
complicating the prospect of a turnaround. No wonder they wanted to just raise
more money instead of making money. No wonder GitLab wanted to shut down
‘inactive’ repos, but stopped only due to mass uproar, which people won’t
forget (it’s not free hosting, it’s a trap).
“We cannot help but wonder about sourcehut.”Just how much money does Microsoft
lose on GitHub each year? Has Microsoft loaded debt onto its subsidiaries to
hide deficits? Again, just as a reminder, this past February Microsoft GitHub
laid off 10% and then it went further, closing_down_entire_offices and firing
entire teams, even in India. GitHub is a money sink. With hiring freeze in
place, maybe GitHub got rid of 30% of its staff since the start of this year.
GitHub is not doing well.
We cannot help but wonder about sourcehut. They too mass-deleted some Git repos
and introduced new demands for payments (to keep some repos online). “That’s a
smaller shop,” one reader explains. “Again there is a problem with growth of
storage costs, like with YouTube or Wikipedia, but flat income.”
So the take-home message is, if you use Git, roll out your own. Don’t rely on
others to do it for you ‘for free’. They stand to lose money, so it won’t last
forever. Some exchange control for ‘gratis’, or in other words take away your
freedom/autonomy for a freebie.
“The costs of running YouTube go up, not down, just like Twitter.”Now, to use
the example of video, the other night we shared this_alarming_video about
YouTube. YouTube is one of the next Twitters. It cannot make money. It can only
put off both creators and audiences. So what will happen next? Mass layoffs?
That did not work for Twitter. Rebrand? Also did not work for Twitter. What’s
the “grand plan”?
The costs of running YouTube go up, not down, just like Twitter. Bloat and data
storage, more “moderation” staff etc. YouTube has not reported whether it makes
money… since 2015. So we can safely assume something is very wrong. Because
YouTube is not making money (same as GitHub/GitLab). So it’s hiding that and
only talks of “revenue” (while defrauding the advertisers… clickfraud and
such). As a last resort, courtesy of new management who realise they cannot
make money, now they “steal” from creators. What message does that send?
A critic with bad experiences (learning from mistakes made in the past) can
promptly point out the importance of self-hosting. Separation is also
worthwhile (the video above mentions examples). The bug-tracking is integrated
into some of the above Web interfaces, but that is a complexity that might make
it worth separating, not outsourcing. For tracking of issues/bugs/incidents/
wishlists one can use RT, Mantis, Bugzilla, Trac, Landscape, OTRS and maybe
even Jira (I once installed it on a home machine from the 1990s and it worked,
albeit slowly). I’ve had hands-on experience with most of these, also as the
administrator. They’re simpler to manage than Git. The learning curve is
worthwhile. █
product!”
which can vanish overnight because they are owned by and controlled by others
and probably without overlapping priorities.
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⢸⣿⣯⣽⣻⣛⣻⣿⣋⣟⣻⣛⣛⣻⣻⣛⣟⣻⣻⣛⣋⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⢛⣟⣛⣛
⣿⣿⣷⣥⣯⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠟⠛⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣧⣵⣼⣿⣷⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣮⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣥⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣦⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣭⣤⣧⣭⣾⣿⣬⣴⣴⣭⣼⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣩⣙⣉⣿⣹⣉⣩⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣉⣏⣹⣉⣿⣿⣉⣏⣹⣍⣽⣩⣹⣉⣉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣵⣬⣽⣭⣷⣯⣯⣽⣽⣽⣽⣥⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣯⣹⣥⣹⣍⣉⣫⣉⣹⣉⣻⣉⣭⣉⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⣻⡛⣟⣛⢻⢛⣛⣛⣟⣿⣛⣛⣛⡛⣻⣻⢛⠻⣻⣛⣿⣟⣛⢿⣟⣛
⣿⢟⡟⢛⠻⠛⡛⡟⢛⠛⡟⠛⢛⡿⠛⢻⠛⠛⡛⠛⡿⠟⢻⠻⠻⠛⡟⡛⠿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣙⣽⣉⣋⣟⣙⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣮⡷⡷⢾⢷⠦⣷⡶⢶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣧⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣦⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣷⣶⡶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⠶⢾⣶⣶⣶⢶⣷⣷⣶⣶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢿⡶⢿⡾⢶⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢶⢾⣿⣿⣷⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣵⣧⣴⣬⣥⣮⣧⣵⢥⣯⣬⣥⣿⣯⣭⣭⡭⣥⣿⣧⣤⢬⣼⣮⣼⣼⣿⣮⣭⣯⣷⣥⣼⣽⣽⣯⣭⣽⣮⣽⣼⣧⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢸⣿⣿⣵⣦⣼⣦⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠟⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢻⠿⢿⡿⣟⣻⠻⢿⣟⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣦⣼⣦⣼⣴⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣴⣿⠛⣖⡚⠒⠊⠒⢓⢚⣳⣾⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢻⠛⠟⡛⢻⠛⡛⡛⡟⡿⣛⣛⠛⡛⣻⢻⠛⠻⠻⢛⣿⡟⠛⢿⠟⡛
⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⠿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣛⣿⣙⣛⣿⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠷⠷⠿⢾⢶⡾⡷⣷⢶⢷⠿⡞⠶⣶⢷⠿⡾⢷⠾⠷⠶⢿⡶⠷⡶⡷⢾⠷⠾⢗⠾⠶⠶⡶⠺⢿⡶⠷⠶⠖⣶⠶⠷⣷⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡛⢛⡟⠟⡟⣟⠻⠛⠛⢿⠛⠛⡛⠛⡟⢳⡛⢛⢛⣻⠛⠻⢟⣟⠛⢻⠟⢻⠛⡟⡛⣿⢛⠛⢻⠛⠓⠛⡟⢻⢛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠶⡶⢶⡶⢷⢾⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⢶⢿⣶⣶⠶⢾⣷⣷⣶⡶⠶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢶⡶⢶⡶⣶⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⢾⣿⣿⠶⢾⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣻⣉⣹⣉⣏⣍⣽⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣴⣦⣼⣦⣾⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣦⣧⣼⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣏⣉⣋⣉⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣫⣹⣋⣛⣍⣩⣍⣉⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣽⣏⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⣿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠰⠘⢨⠀⠿⠉⢹⠈⣿⢀⠃⠉⠁⢽⡇⢩⠉⠭⠩⢹⠉⡍⡋⢹⡧⠢⠱⢸⠀⢵⢸⣛⠕⢸⠰⡡⠠⠆⢸⡇⣿⠰⢰⡆⡆⠿⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣼⣤⣤⣤⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣉⣛⣟⣛⣛⣛⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⡾⣶⣦⣶⣶⣾⣶⢶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣼⣶⣶⣧⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣦⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣴⣧⣤⣼⣤⣦⣴⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣴⣤⣧⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣼⣦⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣼⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠟⠛⡿⠿⡿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⡟⠿⡟⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠻⠿⡟⠿⠟⡟⢛⣟⢛⡛⢻⠿⠿⠿⠻⢻⠛⢛⠛⣿⢿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠶⡶⠶⡿⡷⠶⢿⠶⠶⡶⡿⠶⡷⠷⡷⡶⠶⡿⡾⢷⠷⠶⠶⡿⠶⠶⢷⢷⠷⠶⢶⠾⢶⠾⠾⠾⡶⠾⢶⠶⡾⡾⡾⠶⢶⡷⠷⢷⠶⠾⠶⠾⠾⡶⢷⠿⠶⢶⡷⣷⠶⣾⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠉⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣽⣤⣤⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣴⣬⣴⣦⣴⣬⣦⣤⣴⣼⣥⣬⣼⣬⣤⣶⣤⣤⣻⣼⣶⣯⣤⣦⣥⣬⣤⣤⣤⣬⣦⣬⣦⣧⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣹⣉⣉⣋⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣹⣩⣉⣩⣍⣩⣉⣍⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣹⣉⣝⣉⣉⣻⣹⣭⣙⣉⣉⣋⣉⣉⣉⣉⣧⣉⣩⣏⣉⣉⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣻⡋⠙⠟⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⢹⠛⢻⢛⠛⢛⡛⢛⠛⡫⠩⠋⢹⠛⠛⢻⢙⠙⣟⠉⠉⢿⢻⠫⡉⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⡛⡏⠙⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⡖⠲⠶⠶⢶⠲⢶⠶⠶⠶⡶⢶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠸⠷⠶⠶⠷⠿⠶⠾⠶⠶⠶⠷⠾⠾⠾⠷⠶⠶⠾⠷⠾⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⢿⢩⣍⠍⠍⠍⠍⠍⢩⣭⣽⡛⢿⢩⣍⠍⢍⣭⠍⠍⠩⢩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡏⣭⢭⣯⠭⢍⠉⠉⢹
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣬⣥⣥⣥⣥⣥⣤⣤⣭⣽⣿⣶⣬⣥⣥⣥⣭⣥⣤⣤⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣧⣿⣾⣿⣾⣯⣤⣤⣼
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡿⠻⠻⢻⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣈⣉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣄⣁⡉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣟⣙⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣄⣉⡉⠙⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣈⣉⠙⠛⠓⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣹⣿⣬⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣄⣉⡉⠛⠀⠠⠤⢤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣤⣈⣉⠙⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣙⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣟⣙⣙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣇⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣟⣙⣙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣹⣙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡛⢻⣽⣿⣯⢻⣿⣿⣯⣏⣽⢯⢻⣿⣝⣯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2547
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_29/07/2023:More_Backlash_Against_Google’s“Web_DRM”_(WEI_API)⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 7:24 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Server
o Graphics_Stack
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# GNOME_Desktop/GTK
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o SaaS/Back_End/Databases
o Programming/Development
# Python
o Standards/Consortia
* Leftovers
o Education
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
o Security
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
# Wildlife/Nature
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM)
o Monopolies
# Copyrights
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ 5_Best_CentOS_Replacement_Options_for_2023⠀⇛
CentOS Linux 7, the popular free and open-source
Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise
Linux, has set its end of life for June 2024. The
enterprise operating system, loved by scientists,
businesses and developers for its reliability,
stability and security, has been a leading
technology for web hosting, cloud computing,
storage servers, networks and software development.
As users consider whether to migrate to CentOS
Stream 9, a new upstream distribution that is
designed to be a rolling release of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux and is not considered a
replacement for CentOS, other competitors stand out
as good alternatives.
o § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Mesa_23.2_Brings_OpenGL_3.1_&_OpenGL_ES_3.0
Support_on_Asahi,_New_RADV_Features⠀⇛
Highlights of Mesa 23.2 include OpenGL 3.1 and
OpenGL ES 3.0 on Asahi, support for new Vulkan
extension on the Radeon Vulkan driver (RADV),
including
VK_EXT_attachment_feedback_loop_dynamic_state,
VK_EXT_dynamic_rendering_unused_attachments,
VK_KHR_fragment_shader_barycentric,
VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline,
VK_EXT_depth_bias_control,
VK_EXT_fragment_shader_interlock, and
VK_EXT_pipeline_robustness, as well as support for
extendedDynamicState3SampleLocationsEnable.
As expected, Mesa 23.2 brings improvements for
numerous video games, including Rise of the Tomb
Raider on RDNA 3 GPUs, Blasphemous, Overwatch 2,
Borderlands 2, The Long Dark on R600/R700, Elden
Ring, Metro Last Light Redux, Trackmania 2020,
Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus, and Heroes of
Might and Magic 5.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 6_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Command-line_FTP
clients⠀⇛
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) used to be a popular
and time-honored method of transferring files to
and from a remote network site. The need for FTP
has declined significantly; many consider FTP to be
an unfriendly protocol when it comes to accessing
data. Further, it is an insecure protocol as it
sends your credentials in plain text to the server.
However, there are still occasions where
transferring files via this protocol has been
useful; the time to put FTP to bed has not yet
come. SFTP and FXP are also supported by these
clients.
This article provides our pick of the best open
source command line file transfer programs. The
software featured here supports a number of
different protocols, not just FTP. They offer
shell-like command syntax, and are great for
scripting purposes.
Here’s our verdict captured in a legendary
LinuxLinks.com chart. Only free and open source
software is eligible for inclusion.
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Getting_Started_With_Linux_Terminal⠀⇛
The Linux terminal could be intimidating. The dark
screen with just commands to use. It’s easy to feel
lost.
The thing is that Linux command line is a vast
topic. You can manage the entire system using just
the commands. I mean that’s the role of sysadmins,
network engineers and many other jobs.
The aim of this tutorial collection is not to make
you job-ready. It intends to give you the starting
point of your Linux command line journey. It will
give you enough to navigate the terminal and
understand a few basic things like reading files
and editing them.
Since it’s just the beginning, most of the
tutorials are in the ‘file operation’ category.
That’s where most Linux books and courses begin.
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Best_Video_Editors_for_Linux_in_2023⠀⇛
Video editing software can indeed be expensive,
particularly the more advanced options like Adobe
Premiere Pro. However, the good news is that plenty
of free and open-source video editors are
available. These alternatives offer excellent
functionality without the price tag. Here, we’ve
compiled a list of ten such free video editors for
Linux that could be of great help for your specific
needs.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Fix_526_Invalid_SSL_Certificate_Error⠀⇛
In today’s digital landscape, securing sensitive
information and maintaining user trust is paramount
for any website owner. SSL certificates play a
crucial role in encrypting data and providing a
secure connection between the user’s browser and
the web server.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ Mastering_Array_Length_in_PHP⠀⇛
Arrays are fundamental data structures in PHP,
serving as containers to store multiple values in a
single variable. As a PHP developer, mastering
array manipulation is crucial for writing efficient
and optimized code.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_MongoDB_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
MongoDB on Debian 12. MongoDB, a robust NoSQL
database, has gained immense popularity for its
scalability and flexibility, making it a go-to
choice for modern applications.
# ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_install_and_uninstall_kernels_on_Linux
Mint⠀⇛
With Update Manager you can update packages on
Linux Mint, but you can also install or remove a
kernel from your system.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_To_Enable_Server_Side_Includes_(SSI)_in
Apache⠀⇛
Server Side Includes (SSI) is a simple interpreted
server-side scripting language used almost
exclusively for the web. It is utilized for
managing web content through the inclusion of
“directives” within web pages, which are parsed and
executed by the web server.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Disable_ETags_in_Apache⠀⇛
Entity tags (ETags) are a mechanism that web
servers and browsers use to validate cached
components. The server generates and sends an ETag
value, which is a token representing a specific
version of a component, to the client when the
component is initially sent.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Set_Environment_Variables_in_Linux⠀⇛
In Linux, environment variables play a crucial role
in defining various system settings, user
preferences, and executable paths. These dynamic
variables can significantly impact the behavior of
processes and applications running on the system.
This comprehensive guide will provide a walk-
through on setting environment variables in Linux.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_PHP_8.3,_8.2,_8.1_or_8.0_on
Ubuntu_22.04_|_20.04⠀⇛
PHP, an acronym for “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor,”
is a widely-used open-source general-purpose
scripting language suitable for web development. As
an HTML-embedded scripting language, PHP allows you
to do things such as create simple web pages, send
and receive cookies, and interact with databases.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_ImageMagick_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
ImageMagick on Debian 12.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Asterisk_on_Rocky_Linux_9⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Asterisk on Rocky Linux 9. For those of you who
didn’t know, Asterisk, a powerful open-source
communications platform, has revolutionized the way
organizations manage their phone systems.
# ⚓ Grep_Command_in_Linux/Unix_|_Explained⠀⇛
In the world of Linux and Unix systems,
the grep command stands as a powerful tool for
searching and filtering text. Whether you’re a
system administrator, developer, or an everyday
user, understanding grep its various options will
empower you to efficiently locate and extract
specific content from files and directories. In
this comprehensive guide, you’ll explore the ins
and outs of the grep command, its usage, practical
examples, and how to harness its full potential.
What is Grep Command in Linux and Unix? The name
“grep” is derived from the ed (Unix text editor)
command “g/re/p,” which stands for “global/regular
expression/print.”
# ⚓ Hacking_Like_a_Pro:_Nmap_Firewall_Evasion_Techniques_in
Kali_Linux⠀⇛
What is a firewall? Firewall is a software or
hardware to protect private network from public
network.
# ⚓ ELinux ☛ MailScanner_fails_to_start_Can’t_locate_Sys/
Hostname⠀⇛
If you are trying to start MailScanner on CPanel/
WHM server and getting error Can’t locate Sys/
Hostname MailScanner fails to start with startup
errors matching: If a server is using either of
these ConfigServer MailScanner installer/products
below, with the listed versions or lower:
MailScanner Installer (msinstall) version 3.17 or
lower MailScanner Front-End (MSFE) version 8.28…
# ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_uninstall_an_app_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, you will learn how to uninstall
an app from Debian 12.
There are several ways to uninstall a package from
your system.
# ⚓ GNOME ☛ Christian_Hergert:_How_to_use_Sysprof_(again)⠀⇛
Every once in a while I take a moment to test GNOME
OS on physical hardware.
The experience today was quite a bit underwhelming.
Fresh install, type a few characters into the
search box, and things grind to a halt.
Being the system profiler author I am, where would
I consider spending time to make this better? Here
ya go, and please do help because I can make the
tools but I need people like you to help go resolve
them.
I had to build Sysprof from source quick on GNOME
OS until new GNOME OS builds are out (soon).
# ⚓ MongoDB_Installation_and_Usage_on_Linux⠀⇛
MongoDB, a leading open-source document-oriented
database management system, is a powerful “NoSQL”
database that empowers businesses to effortlessly
store and manage massive amounts of data.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Yay_on_Arch_Linux_and_Manjaro⠀⇛
Yay (Yet Another Yaourt) is a popular Arch User
Repository (AUR) helper for Arch Linux and its
derivatives, such as Manjaro, after the
discontinuation of Yaourt and Packer. It is a
command-line utility that simplifies the process of
searching, installing, and managing packages from
both
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_To_Setup_Apache_ModSecurity_on_Ubuntu_&
Debian⠀⇛
ModSecurity is an open-source web application
firewall (WAF) that is designed to protect web
applications from various types of attacks. It is a
module for the Apache web server that intercepts
incoming web traffic and analyzes it for signs of
malicious activity.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Disable_ETag_in_NGINX⠀⇛
NGINX is a powerful and versatile open-source
software that can be used for various purposes such
as HTTP server, reverse proxy, load balancer, and
more. It is known for its high performance,
stability, and rich feature set.
# ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ How_to_safely_downgrade_your_Ubuntu
installation⠀⇛
Ubuntu, a popular Linux distribution, often
impresses users with its stability and feature-rich
updates. However, sometimes, an upgrade might not
go as planned or new versions might not sit well
with your current setup or specific applications.
In such cases, downgrading to a previous version of
Ubuntu might be the most viable solution. This
guide provides detailed instructions on how to
safely downgrade your Ubuntu installation to a
previous version.
# ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_PowerDNS_and_PowerDNS-Admin_on
Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛
PowerDNS is a free and open-source authoritative
nameserver written in C++. It supports several
databases such as MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and
Oracle to store zone files and records. In this
post, we will explain how to install PowerDNS and
PowerDNS admin on Ubuntu 22.04 server.
# ⚓ Real Linux User ☛ How_to_use_Timeshift_to_backup_and
restore_Linux_Mint_–_Linux_Mint_21.2_edition⠀⇛
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ This Week in GNOME ☛ This_Week_in_GNOME/Felix_Häcker:
#106_GUADEC_2023⠀⇛
During this year’s Annual General Meeting on
Friday, the annual Community Appreciation
Award (a.k.a. Pants of Thanks) was awarded to
someone who cares deeply about GNOME, helps
out app developers (almost every single day),
plays the guitar (but just one song), holds
controversial opinions (some even turn out to
be right), and who is a climate advocate and
activist … Tobias Bernard! A standing ovation
was offered along with a flattering pair of
red and blue plaid pajama pants.
Congratulations, Tobias!
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Red Hat ☛ DevNation_Day:_Modern_App_Dev_videos_are_now
available⠀⇛
Last month Red Hat Developer hosted DevNation_Day:
Modern_App_Dev. This one-day virtual event brought
together application developers, DevOps and
platform engineers, enterprise architects, and
application managers from across the globe.
# ⚓ Welcoming_KubeVirt_v1.0⠀⇛
KubeVirt v1.0 was released earlier this week.
Having gained features, maturity, trust, and
adopters over the past years, this version 1.0 is a
reflection of the status of the project with its
mature codebase and healthy community.
KubeVirt is a Kubernetes Operator with a
virtualization API and runtime in order to run
virtual machines on Kubernetes. KubeVirt is the
foundation of OpenShift Virtualization and enables
data center owners to modernize their
infrastructure, converge on one platform, and unify
their operations. Developers benefit as they can
develop and automate containerized and virtual
machine-based applications consistently on the very
same platform.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_OpenShift_Service_on_AWS
GovCloud_is_prioritized_for_FedRAMP®_High_JAB_Authorization⠀⇛
Public sector organizations run some of the most
sensitive and mission critical workloads in the
world, but the need for stringent security
requirements doesn’t need to hinder their ability
to adopt modern, transformative technologies. To
help agencies minimize risk while also empowering
them to scale cloud-native innovation, we are
pleased to announce that Red Hat OpenShift Service
on AWS GovCloud is prioritized for Federal Risk and
Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP®) JAB
Authorization.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Swiss_Federal_Railways_Drives_Cloud
Migration_with_Red_Hat
⠀⇛
Red Hat, the world’s leading provider of enterprise
open source solutions, today announced a
collaboration with Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) to
help complete an extensive IT migration project.
Using Red Hat AMQ Streams, Red Hat Consulting
helped move Apache Kafka services to SBB’s new
cloud environment with minimal effects on uptime.
The pressure of rising costs reached a significant
level during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result,
SBB’s IT team decided to move their workloads to
another cloud environment to increase flexibility
and lower costs.
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Understanding_Ubuntu’s_Repository_System⠀⇛
Let’s start with the essentials first. Understands
the basic concept of the package manager and the
repositories. This will build a foundation for you
to understand how things work underneath.
In simpler words, a package manager is a tool that
allows users to install, remove, upgrade, configure
and manage software packages on an operating
system.
Ubuntu provides the software through repositories.
The repositories contain software packages of
different kinds. They also have metadata files that
contain information about the packages such as the
name of the package, version number, description of
package and the repository name etc.
The package manager interacts with the metadata and
creates a local metadata cache on your system. When
you ask it to install a software, the package
manager refers to this cache to get the information
and then uses the internet to connect to the
appropriate repository and downloads the package
first before installing it on your system.
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Ubuntu_Touch_OTA-2_Rolls_Out_with_Support_for
Fairphone_3,_F(x)tec_Pro1_X⠀⇛
Arriving exactly four months after the first OTA
update, Ubuntu Touch OTA-2 is here with support for
new devices, including Fairphone 3, F(x)tec Pro1 X,
and Vollaphone X23 smartphones.
This second Ubuntu Touch update based on the Focal
Fossa series also brings various improvements to
the System Settings app, including a more
consistent layout for several pages, the ability to
delete custom wallpapers, as well as a new option
in Gestures to adjust the sensitivity of edge
gestures for Lomiri.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ The_ESP32_Doesn’t_Need_Much⠀⇛
For those looking to add wireless connectivity to
embedded projects or to build IoT devices, there is
perhaps no more popular module than the ESP32. A
dual-core option exists for processor intensive
applications, the built-in WiFi and Bluetooth
simplify designs, and it has plenty of I/O, memory,
and interoperability for most applications. With so
much built into the chip itself, [atomic14]
wondered how much support circuitry it really
needed and set about building the most minimalist
ESP32 development board possible.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Is_Apple_CarPlay_or_Android_Auto_Better_for_Your
Car?⠀⇛
# ⚓ XDA ☛ Can_Samsung’s_Galaxy_Watch_series_work_with_any
Android_phone?⠀⇛
# ⚓ SlashGear ☛ Android’s_Guided_Access_Alternative:_What_It_Is
And_How_To_Enable_It⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Police ☛ Turkey’s_tragic_earthquake_showed_that
Android’s_early_warning_system_still_needs_work⠀⇛
# ⚓ SlashGear ☛ How_To_Turn_Off_Android_Auto_Completely⠀⇛
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Install_Firefox_Add-Ons_on_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Police ☛ BMW_took_Android_and_slapped_it_on_a_round
display_in_its_new_Mini⠀⇛
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ Android_14_Beta_4.1_Update:_Fixing_Pixel_Bugs
and_Enhancing_Performance_–_Gizchina.com⠀⇛
# ⚓ XDA ☛ Can_Samsung’s_Galaxy_Watch_series_work_with_any
Android_phone?⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾
# ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ Timescale’s_2023_State_of_PostgreSQL_Survey
Now_Open⠀⇛
Our love for PostgreSQL runs deep. We_built_our
products_on_PostgreSQL, are_proud_members_of_the
PostgreSQL_community, and_wouldn’t_exist_without_it
and_the_extensibility_it_provides.
In 2019, Timescale launched the first State of
PostgreSQL report, advancing our desire to provide
more significant insights into the specificities
and features applicable to the PostgreSQL
community. Thanks to your contribution, we have
continually delivered this report.
We are pleased to announce that the 2023 survey is
now open for submissions! We are keen to learn more
about how you use PostgreSQL for work and personal
projects, how you deploy it, and how we can
collectively improve it.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ How_to_use_For_Loops_in_Python⠀⇛
For loops provide a means to control the
number of times your code performs a task.
This can be a range, or iterating over items
in an object. In this how to we will go
through the steps to create your own projects
using for loops.
o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Understanding_And_Using_Unicode⠀⇛
Computer engineer [Marco Cilloni] realized a lot of
developers today still have trouble dealing with
Unicode in their programs, especially in the C/C++
world. He wrote an excellent guide that summarizes
many of the issues surrounding Unicode and its
encoding called “Unicode is harder than you think“.
He first presents a brief history of Unicode and
how it came about, so you can understand the
reasons for the frustrating edge cases you’re bound
to encounter.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ UPS_&_Teamsters_Reach_Tentative_Deal,_Averting
Strike⠀⇛
As the deal reached Tuesday goes out to union
members for approval, Natalia Marques points out
four things about the last-minute talks.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ OLED_Display_Lets_Vintage_PC_Engage_Turbo_Mode
In_Style⠀⇛
Back in the 486 days, it was common to see a
“Turbo” button on the front panel of many PCs,
which was used to toggle between the CPU’s maximum
speed and a slower clock rate that was sometimes
necessary for compatibility with older software.
Usually an LED would light up to show you were
running at this higher speed, or if you’re machine
was very fancy, it might even have a numerical
display that would show the current CPU frequency.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ California_Senator_Nancy_Skinner_Falls_For_Junk
Science_Moral_Panic;_Makes_Blatantly_False_Claims_In_Support
Of_Social_Media_Addiction_Bill⠀⇛
What you see below is part one of a two parter
about a terrible bill in California. It started out
as a single post, but there was so much nonsense, I
decided to break it up into two parts. Stay tuned
for part two.
# ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Lawmakers_Propose_$45M_to_Fight_U.S.
Stillbirth_Crisis⠀⇛
Members of Congress on Thursday introduced sweeping
legislation that aims to reduce the country’s
stillbirth rate, tackling gaps in research, data
and awareness as well as authorizing tens of
millions of dollars in new funding.
If passed, the Stillbirth Health Improvement and
Education (SHINE) for Autumn Act of 2023 would be
the most comprehensive federal stillbirth law on
record. Rep. Young Kim, R-Calif., who introduced
the bill in the House, called it “the first step in
the right direction” to help prevent stillbirths
and ensure healthy pregnancies.
# ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Food_aid_cut_for_millions_due_to_lack
of_funding:_UN⠀⇛
The United Nations has been forced to cut food,
cash payments and assistance to millions of people
because of “a crippling funding crisis” as acute
hunger hits record levels.
Carl Skau, deputy executive director of the World
Food Program (WFP), says at least 38 of the 86
countries where the program operates have already
seen cuts or plan to cut assistance soon —
including Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen and West
Africa.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ One_More_COVID_Summer?⠀⇛
A mid-year wave might be brewing for the fourth
year in a row. Will it always be like this?
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Biden_White_House_Pressured_Facebook_To_Censor_Lab
Leak_Posts⠀⇛
“Can someone quickly remind me why we were
removing—rather than demoting/labeling—claims that
Covid is man made,” asked Meta’s president for
global affairs.
o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ ChatGPT_and_other_generative_AI_could_foster
science_denial_and_misunderstanding_–_here’s_how_you_can_be
on_alert⠀⇛
This article is republished from The Conversation
under a Creative Commons license.
Until very recently, if you wanted to know more
about a controversial scientific topic – stem cell
research, the safety of nuclear energy, climate
change – you probably did a Google search.
Presented with multiple sources, you chose what to
read, selecting which sites or authorities to
trust.
# ⚓ Microsoft_Internal_Polls_Leak_Exposes_Employee_Discontent
With_Culture_And_Leadership:_‘It’s_Not_Right’⠀⇛
The company’s Daily Signals polls show that the
percentage of employees witnessing a positive
change in Microsoft’s workplace culture fell from
62% in January to 40% in July. Confidence in the
effectiveness of organizational leaders also took a
hit, dropping from 75% in January to 59% in July.
“Here employees take pay cuts as our company and
leadership make record profits,” one employee wrote
in response to CEO Satya Nadella‘s thank you note
for a “landmark” fiscal year.
o § Security⠀➾
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_UK_Government_Is_Very_Close_to
Eroding_Encryption_Worldwide⠀⇛
Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash By Joe
Mullin / Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
The U.K. Parliament is pushing ahead with a
sprawling internet regulation bill that will,
among other thing […]
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Half_a_bil_per_aerial_truck_for_the
Royal_Australian_Air_Force_–_what’s_the_scam?⠀⇛
It’s not often the Australian Government acquires
the same type of aircraft, from the same company,
to perform a similar role across a span of 66
years. The Albanese Government’s purchase of new
transport aircraft provides an interesting insight
into the eye-watering costs of defence procurement.
What’s the scam?
In 1957, the Menzies Government acquired 12 new
C130A Hercules transport aircraft from the Lockheed
Corporation for the Royal Australian Airforce. The
total cost of the project was £14.681 million.
That’s approximately $520.9m in 2022 value (using
the Reserve Bank Inflation Calculator), or $43.4m
for each aircraft.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ 70_Years_Later,_The_Korean_War_Must_End⠀⇛
A fragile ceasefire halted the Korean War 70 years
ago. With nuclear tensions rising and the
environment under threat, it’s time to end it for
good.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ A_Story_More_Provocative_Than_Oppenheimer?⠀⇛
Academy Award nominated director Steve James and
esteemed journalist David Lindorff join Scheer
Intelligence to discuss their new film [...]
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Could_Europe’s_Next_War_Start_Here?⠀⇛
With tensions between Serbia and Kosovo reaching
dangerous levels, Declassified visited disputed
towns in northern Kosovo to see if another war
could break out, which would likely draw in British
t…
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ ‘Exiled’_Russian_mercenary_boss_Prigozhin_hails
Niger_coup,_touts_services⠀⇛
A voice message on Telegram app channels associated
with Wagner that they said was Prigozhin did not
claim involvement in the coup, but described it as
a moment of long-overdue liberation from Western
colonizers and made what looked like a pitch for
his fighters to help keep order.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Soldiers_declare_Niger_general_as
head_of_state_after_he_led_a_coup_and_detained_the
president⠀⇛
Mutinous soldiers in Niger have declared the
general who led a coup as the head of state. The
announcement on state television Friday came hours
after Gen. Abdourahmane Tchiani defended the
takeover and asked for support from the nation and
international partners. Concerns are growing that
the political crisis could set back the country’s
fight against jihadists and boost Russia’s
influence in West Africa. Various factions of
Niger’s military have reportedly wrangled for
control since members of the presidential guard
detained President Mohamed Bazoum on Wednesday. He
was elected two years ago in Niger’s first
peaceful, democratic transfer of power since
independence from France.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia_Keen_to_Boost_Multifaceted_Ties_With
Africa:_Putin⠀⇛
He noted that Western countries were “obstructing
the supply of Russian grain and fertilizers,” while
“hypocritically” accusing Moscow of creating a
global food crisis.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ St._Petersburg_Hosts_the_Russia-South_Africa
Business_Dialogue⠀⇛
The event was dedicated to the development of long-
term business relations between both nations.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia-Africa_Forum_Analyzes_Urban_Infrastructure
Development⠀⇛
Participants discussed the issues of modernisation
and improvement of infrastructure and the
introduction of innovative approaches
# ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ Ukraine’s_baby_factories_rake_in_record
profits_amid_chaos_of_war⠀⇛
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Explosion_reported_at_oil_refinery_in_Russian_city
of_Samara_—_Meduza⠀⇛
State Duma Deputy Alexander Khinshtein reported
that an explosion occurred at the Kuybyshevsky Oil
Refinery in the Russian city of Samara.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Rostov_governor_reports_missile_explosion_in
center_of_Taganrog_—_Meduza⠀⇛
An explosion rocked the city of Taganrog in
Russia’s Rostov region on Friday, local media
reported, citing witnesses.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ Hong_Kong_courts_convict_10_people_of_riot_in_2019
anti-extradition_bill_protest⠀⇛
Ten people were convicted by two different Hong
Kong courts Wednesday for unrest that took place on
November 18, 2019 during the anti-extradition bill
amendment protest. One case before Deputy District
Judge Amy Chan involved four defendants, each with
a count of riot.
# § War in Ukraine⠀➾
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Parliament’s_Upper_Chamber_Approves
Bill_Raising_Maximum_Age_For_Mandatory_Military
Service⠀⇛
Russian parliament’s Federation Council on
July 28 approved a bill raising the maximum
age for mandatory one-year military service
for men to 30 from 27.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Kyrgyzstan_Prolongs_Detention_Of_Two_Russian
Anti-War_Activists⠀⇛
The Kyrgyz State Committee of National
Security (UKMK) says that the detention of
Russian activists Alyona Krylova and Lev
Skoryakin, who face extradition, has been
extended.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘They’re_coming_here_and_telling_us_we’re
the_occupiers’:_A_protest_against_Russian_tourists_in_a
Georgian_coastal_city_ended_with_their_cruise_ship
leaving_ahead_of_schedule_—_Meduza⠀⇛
On the morning of July 27, the cruise liner
Astoria Grande arrived in the Georgian resort
town of Batumi. The ship was carrying more
than 800 people, most of whom were tourists
from Russia.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘The_point_is_to_scare_viewers’:_TV_Rain
Editor-in-Chief_Tikhon_Dzyadko_speaks_to_Meduza_about
joining_the_ranks_of_Russia’s_‘undesirable’
organizations_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Russia’s Prosecutor General has declared
television news network TV Rain “undesirable”
in Russia. The prosecutor’s office believes
that the network “discredits” the Russian
authorities, disseminates “fakes” about the
war, supports “foreign agents,” and cites
material from other “undesirable”
organizations — like Meduza. After the
announcement, TV Rain said that it would stop
receiving donations from Russia and would
cancel active subscriptions for Russian
nationals, so as not to expose them to the
risk of criminal prosecution. Meduza spoke to
TV Rain’s editor-in-chief, Tikhon Dzyadko,
about what comes next for the network.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_missile_attack_hits_residential
building_and_Ukrainian_Security_Service_building_in
Dnipro_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Russia launched a missile strike on a high-
rise residential building in Dnipro, report
Ukraine’s Minister of Internal Affairs Ihor
Klymenko and the People’s Deputy of Ukraine
Oleksandr Bakumov.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Europe_Vowed_to_Make_Russia_Pay_for
the_War._It’s_Not_That_Easy.⠀⇛
Confiscating Russian state assets frozen by
the United States and Europe could breach
international law and set a dangerous
precedent, experts say.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ 2_Ukrainian_Fighters_Take_a_Break
From_the_War_to_Marry_Each_Other⠀⇛
Their wedding was hosted by a charity group
that provides uniforms, boots and other
essentials to female soldiers, but because of
demand recently started to organize such
celebrations.
# ⚓ LRT ☛ Baltics_need_more_self-reflection,_not_self-
righteousness_–_opinion⠀⇛
As the Baltic states continue to resist
Russia’s historical narratives and
falsifications, self-reflection would be more
productive than self-righteousness, writes
Violeta Davoliūtė, a professor at the Vilnius
University Institute of International
Relations and Political Science (TSPMI).
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Court_Rejects_Appeals_Of_Crimean
Tatar_Leader,_Co-Defendants_Against_Prison_Terms⠀⇛
A court in Russia has rejected appeals filed
by Crimean Tatar leader Nariman Dzhelyal and
two activists — brothers Aziz and Asan
Akhmetov — against prison terms handed to
them in September on a sabotage charge that
Kyiv and rights groups call politically
motivated.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine_Offensive_Aims_for_Better
Shot_at_Russian_Targets⠀⇛
Ukraine is hoping that mile-by-mile gains
could bring its weapons closer to Russian
supply lines, if its forces can overcome
Russia’s heavy defense.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine_Launches_Missile_Strikes_in
Russia,_Moscow_Says⠀⇛
Kyiv did not take responsibility for the
attacks, which could be a bid to broaden a
war that has mostly rained ruin and death on
Ukraine.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Explosion_Hits_Oil_Refinery_In_Russian_City
Of_Samara⠀⇛
An explosion hit a major oil refinery in the
Volga River city of Samara.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian,_Belarusian_Players_Denied_Entry_To
Prague_Women’s_Tennis_Event⠀⇛
Czech police stopped an unnamed female
Russian tennis player from entering the
country ahead of the WTA Prague Open,
organizers said, as a new government
resolution banning athletes from Russia or
Belarus caused the event to scratch other
competitors.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia-Africa_Summit_Ends_With_Signing_of
Final_Declaration⠀⇛
The final declaration commits to adopting
coordinated approaches to the role for the
development of Russian-African cooperation
and efforts in the international arena,
presidential aide Yury Ushakov said.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia_Sets_the_Age_of_Military_Service
Between_18_and_30_Years⠀⇛
The increase in the maximum age was justified
by the argument that it compensates for the
reduction in the number of citizens who can
be drafted.
# ⚓ YLE ☛ Russian_embassy_staff_in_Helsinki_flees_in
large_numbers_after_spy_expulsion⠀⇛
While Finland expelled nine embassy staff in
June over espionage concerns, an exceptional
number more have left Helsinki this summer
according to a report by the Finnish News
Agency STT.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Brazil_Declines_to_Extradite_Accused
Russian_Spy_to_U.S.⠀⇛
Analysts had seen the Russian as a potential
candidate in a prisoner swap with Russia,
which holds two Americans on spying charges,
Evan Gershkovich and Paul Whelan.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia_accuses_Ukraine_of_missile_attack_in
Rostov_region_after_explosion_rocks_Taganrog_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The city of Taganrog in Russia’s Rostov
region was hit by an explosion on Friday.
Local media and Telegram outlets reported
that the blast shattered windows in multiple
nearby buildings. Shortly after the explosion
occurred, Governor Vasily Golubev reported
that a “missile” had “presumably exploded”
near a cafe on the city’s Lermontovsky Lane.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukraine’s_offensive_in_the_south,_Russia’s
offensive_in_the_north_Meduza_shares_an_updated_combat
map_with_the_latest_developments_in_Bakhmut,_Velyka
Novosilka,_and_Orikhiv_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Since the start of the full-scale invasion of
Ukraine, Meduza has adopted a consistent
antiwar position, holding Russia responsible
for its military aggression and atrocities.
As part of this commitment, we regularly
update an interactive map that documents
combat operations in Ukraine and the damage
inflicted by Russia’s invasion forces. Our
map is based exclusively on previously
published open-source photos and videos, most
of them posted by eyewitnesses on social
media. We collect reports already available
publicly and determine their geolocation
markers, adding only the photos and videos
that clear this process.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukrainian_armed_forces_say_they_lack
ammunition_for_air_defense_against_Russian_attacks_on
grain_infrastructure_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The Ukrainian army lacks the means to counter
Russian strikes on grain infrastructure,
which have become more and more frequent
after Russia’s withdrawal from the grain
deal, Natalia Humeniuk, spokesperson for
operational command South, said.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Putin_administration_originally_against
keeping_lower_draft_limit_18,_but_Defense_Ministry
convinced_president_more_soldiers_needed_—_Meduza⠀⇛
According to independent outlet Verstka,
citing its sources, the political bloc of the
presidential administration was originally
against keeping the lower end of the draft
age at 18, but the Defense Ministry convinced
Vladimir Putin that the army did not have
enough soldiers.
# ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ullman_in_United_Press
International_on_finding_a_way_to_end_the_war_in
Ukraine⠀⇛
On July 26, Atlantic Council senior advisor
Harlan Ullman published an op-ed in United
Press International on how the United States
must identify possible resolutions to
Russia’s war in Ukraine.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ 🔴_Live:_Zelensky_visiting_Ukrainian
special_forces_near_Bakhmut⠀⇛
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said
Saturday he was visiting “advanced positions”
of Ukraine’s special forces near Bakhmut, the
eastern city that Russian forces seized in
May. The toll from a Russian missile strike
on Friday in the city of Dnipro rose to nine
people injured, including two children,
Ukraine’s State Emergency Service said.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ EU_Sanctions_Russian_Companies_For_Spreading
War_Propaganda⠀⇛
European Union countries have placed
sanctions on seven Russian individuals and
five entities over a “digital information
manipulation” campaign.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Zelenskiy_Visits_Eastern_Front_Line_In
Ukraine_As_Surge_Of_Fighting_Reported_In_South⠀⇛
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy has
visited the front line near the embattled
eastern city of Bakhmut as heavy fighting
continued in the country’s south.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Counterattack_or_ploy?_Kyiv_vigilant
despite_heavy_Russian_shelling_of_northeast_region⠀⇛
Russian troops have mounted fierce assaults
in Ukraine’s northeastern Kupiansk region,
located at the northern end of the country’s
600-mile front line. While Moscow’s troops
have reportedly gained some ground, military
experts caution against calling this a full-
blown offensive.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ Ukraine_legislature_extends_martial_law_and
general_mobilization_through_November⠀⇛
Ukraine’s Parliament, the Verkhovna Rada,
approved bills on Thursday that extends
martial law and general mobilization in the
country for an additional 90 days. The move
marks the eighth extension since the start of
the war in Ukraine.
# ⚓ LRT ☛ ‘Like_day_and_night’:_long-time_Ukrainian
residents_feel_less_welcome_in_Lithuania_than
refugees⠀⇛
More than 70,000 Ukrainian refugees have
arrived in Lithuania since the full-scale
Russian invasion. However, around 14,000
Ukrainians lived in Lithuania even before the
war broke out. Those who have been living
here for years do not call themselves
refugees but see a big difference in
attitudes to them and their recently arrived
compatriots.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ U.S._Says_Russia’s_Shoigu_Looking_For_Weapons
In_North_Korea⠀⇛
Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on
July 29 that the United States believes
Russia’s defense minister is in North Korea
to secure supplies of weapons to aid the
stalled invasion of Ukraine.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Swordswoman_Allowed_To_Compete
Again_At_World_Championships_After_Disqualification⠀⇛
Ukrainian multiple saber fencing world
champion Olha Kharlan was set to compete
later on July 29 in the team event at the
world championships in Milan, after
originally being disqualified for refusing a
handshake with a Russian opponent in the
individual event.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Fencer_Invited_To_Olympics_After
Refusing_To_Shake_Russian’s_Hand⠀⇛
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) on
July 28 awarded Ukrainian fencer Olha Kharlan
a place in the Paris Olympics after she was
disqualified at the World Fencing
Championships for refusing to shake her
Russian opponent’s hand.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ African_Union_Chairman_Says_Putin’s_Grain
Offer_Is_Not_Enough,_Calls_For_Cease-Fire_In_Ukraine⠀⇛
The chairman of the African Union said on
July 28 that proposals by Russian President
Vladimir Putin to provide grain to Africa
were insufficient.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Moscow_Says_It_Shot_Down_Two_Ukrainian
Missiles_Over_Russian_Territory⠀⇛
The Russian Defense Ministry said on July 28
that it shot down a Ukrainian missile over
the city of Taganrog in the Rostov region
that borders Ukraine.
# ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Finnish_Immigration_Service
witnesses_decrease_in_reception_centre_demand⠀⇛
The Finnish Immigration Service has observed
a decline in the need for reception centre
capacity as fewer Ukrainians have arrived in
the country compared to the previous year,
and many have left the reception system.
Consequently, several reception centres will
be closed, aligning the capacity with the
reduced demand.
The Finnish Immigration Service is
responsible for coordinating, planning, and
overseeing the reception system, which
depends on the number of individuals seeking
international and temporary protection upon
arriving in Finland.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Taxi_Driver_Gets_18_Years_In_Prison
For_Setting_National_Guard’s_Headquarters_On_Fire⠀⇛
A Russian court sentenced a taxi driver to 18
years in prison on July 28 for setting the
entrance of the National Guard’s headquarters
in the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur on fire in
June last year.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Brazil_Rejects_U.S._Request_To_Extradite
Alleged_Russian_Spy_Sergei_Cherkasov⠀⇛
Brazilian authorities said they have rejected
a request by the United States to extradite
Sergei Cherkasov, who Washington alleges
collected information on the war in Ukraine
while posing as a graduate school student.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Russia_Strikes_Ukrainian_Grain
Terminal,_Kyiv_Says⠀⇛
President Volodymyr Zelensky has promised to
build up defenses around his country’s
southern coast, but Kyiv must make tough
decisions about where to put its resources.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ In_Odesa,_Attacks_Stoke_Hatred_of
Russia⠀⇛
President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia views
Odesa as a culturally important part of his
nation. But many in the Ukrainian city reject
the connection and view the country that has
been attacking it with loathing.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ In_Other_News:_Data_Breach_Cost
Rises,_Russia_Targets_Diplomats,_Tracker_Alerts_in
Android⠀⇛
Weekly cybersecurity news roundup that
provides a summary of noteworthy stories that
might have slipped under the radar for the
week of July 24, 2023.
o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾
# ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Apple_rejects_new_name_‘X’_for_Twitter
iOS_app_because…_rules⠀⇛
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ As_the_U.N._Warns_“The_Era_of_Global
Boiling_Has_Arrived,”_Biden_Resists_Declaring_a_Climate
Emergency⠀⇛
July is on pace to be the hottest month ever
recorded, and the impact of the soaring
temperatures is being felt across the globe in
massive heat waves, wildfires, flooding and more.
On Thursday, U.N. Secretary-General António
Guterres said the world has entered the “era of
global boiling,” and President Joe Biden gave a
major speech to unveil new measures to combat the
crisis but resisted calls to declare a climate
emergency. David Wallace-Wells, an opinion writer
for The New York Times and a columnist for The New
York Times Magazine, says the world is not moving
quickly enough to phase out fossil fuels, and even
some of the progress that has been made is easily
erased by massive wildfires like those burning in
Canada right now. We also speak with Dharna Noor,
fossil fuels and climate reporter at The Guardian
US, who wrote an exposé on “Project 2025,” a right-
wing plan to dismantle environmental policies and
many regulatory protections if a Republican takes
the White House in the next election. She calls the
document’s drafters “a who’s who of the far right.”
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Tesla_Lied_About_EV_Range,_Then_Created_A
Team_Built_Specifically_To_Undermine_Customer_Attempts
To_Get_Help⠀⇛
Elon Musk’s companies are routinely heralded
for unbridled innovation, but when it comes
to very basic customer service, most of them
are an incompetent nightmare. Starlink
customers looking for refunds after being on
waiting lists for years are routinely
ghosted. Tesla Solar customers often have it
even worse; shelling out huge sums of money
only to be jerked around for months or years
on end.
# ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Chopper_crash_overshadows
defence_talks,_missile_deal⠀⇛
A helicopter crash and the desperate search
for the four personnel on board have
overshadowed top-level strategic talks
between Australian and United States
officials.
Foreign Minister Penny Wong and Defence
Minister Richard Marles met their US
counterparts in Brisbane on Saturday morning
to discuss security, stability and the
progression of a major defence deal.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ IAEA_experts_detect_explosions_near
Zaporizhzhia_NPP_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Experts from the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) have detected explosions near
the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, says
Oleh Korikov, Chief State Inspector for
Nuclear and Radiation Safety of Ukraine.
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ The Revelator ☛ Protect_This_Place:_World-Renowned
Elwha_River_Threatened_by_State_Logging⠀⇛
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Ignoring_Warnings_of_Mass_Job_Loss,_Fed_Hikes
Rates_to_Highest_Level_in_Decades⠀⇛
“The dangerous reflex to hike rates, no matter the
causes of inflation, is both a policy failure and a
failure to imagine a world in which workers are
anything other than expendable,” […]
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Billing_Russia’s_billionaires:_How_Ukraine_is
going_after_Mikhail_Fridman_and_Roman_Abramovich’s_sanctioned
wealth_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Mikhail Fridman and Roman Abramovich are among
Russia’s most prominent oligarchs. But outside of
Russia, their billions are tied up due to
international sanctions imposed in response to
Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The
Ukrainian authorities are seeking to seize these
assets, both at home and abroad, to help fund
Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction, which is already
slated to cost hundreds of billions of dollars.
However, a lack of legal precedent has complicated
international efforts to transfer Russian funds to
Ukraine. Meduza special correspondents Elizaveta
Antonova and Svetlana Reiter go behind the scenes
of Ukraine’s attempts to seize Fridman and
Abramovich’s frozen wealth.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ Insight Hungary ☛ Romanian_and_Slovak_Foreign_Ministry
summons_Hungarian_ambassador_over_Orbán’s_comments⠀⇛
The Slovak Foreign Ministry summoned the Hungarian
ambassador after Viktor Orbán’s speech in Băile
Tuşnad, Romania on Saturday. The nationalist prime
minister spoke about Slovakia as a “partitioned
part of [Hungary]“, Slovak news outlet Napunk
reports.
“Czechoslovakia (and later Slovakia) or Hungary are
successor states to Austria-Hungary. They could
therefore not secede anything from present-day
Hungary,” the Slovak Foreign Ministry said in a
statement. “Any direct or indirect questioning of
the territorial integrity or sovereignty of
Slovakia is absolutely unacceptable to us,” they
added.
# ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Giant_‘X’_logo_on_Twitter_building
ruffles_feathers⠀⇛
The city of San Francisco has opened a complaint
and launched an investigation into a giant “X” sign
installed on top of the building formerly known as
Twitter headquarters.
The sign was installed on Friday as owner Elon Musk
continues his rebrand of the social media platform.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Ralph_Nader:_Open_Letter_to_Members_of
Congress:_Crises_Demand_More_Time_Shorter_Vacation⠀⇛
“US Congress 02” by Bjoertvedt is licensed under CC
BY-SA 3.0. By Ralph Nader / Nader.org The Congress
is about to embark on the longest of its numerous
annual “recesses” – some w…
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Ex-Twitter_Resorts_To_Threatening_Companies_It
Will_Take_Away_Their_Verification_If_They_Don’t_Start_Buying
More_Ads⠀⇛
It’s no secret that Elon Musk is desperate for
advertisers to return to the platform. He just
recently admitted that the company is still
cashflow negative and that around 50% of
advertisers have left (other reports say the number
is bigger). This is despite his earlier claims that
the company would break even on a cashflow basis in
Q2 (not to mention, despite not paying a bunch of
bills).
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ Meta_admits_more_than_half_of_Threads_users_have
already_stopped_using_the_app⠀⇛
Threads has lost more than half of its users,
according to Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, just weeks
after attracting more_than_100_million_signups to
the text-based social media launched to rival X,
the app formerly known as Twitter.
# § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ ‘Eco-Fraud’:_Influential_Motorcycle_Lobby
Group_Promotes_Climate_Science_Denial⠀⇛
A well-connected motorcycle lobby group is
denying climate science and telling bikers
that climate change is an “eco-fraud” that
will “cost you your freedom”, DeSmog can
reveal.
The Motorcycle Action Group (MAG) is one of
the UK’s largest motorcyclist associations,
and claims to have some 50,000 members. It
met with the government in June, when it
lobbied ministers to halt the proposed phase-
out of conventional cars with internal
combustion engines.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ EFF ☛ Government_Needs_Both_the_Ability_to_Talk_to_Social
Media_Platforms_and_Clear_Limits,_EFF_Argues_in_Brief_to
Appellate_Court⠀⇛
“Government co-option of the content moderation
systems of social media companies is a serious
threat to freedom of speech,” the brief notes,
although “there are clearly times when it is
permissible, appropriate, and even good public
policy for government agencies and officials to
non-coercively communicate with social media
companies about the user speech they publish on
their sites.”
EFF filed the amicus brief to the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Missouri v. Biden,
a lawsuit brought by Louisiana, Missouri, and
several individuals alleging that federal
government agencies and officials illegally pushed
social media platforms to censor content about
COVID safety measures and vaccines, elections, and
Hunter Biden’s laptop, among other issues.
Judge Terry A. Doughty of the U.S. District Court
for the Western District of Louisiana sided with
the plaintiffs, issuing a broad preliminary
injunction July 4. The appellate court has stayed
the injunction temporarily.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives,_organization
dedicated_to_helping_conscripts_and_mobilized_men,_announces
termination_of_its_work_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The Council of Mothers and Wives, which was
organized by relatives of mobilized men and
conscripts, announced the cessation of its work,
due to its declaration as a “foreign agent.”
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ As_Book_Bans_Sweep_the_US,_Incarcerated_People
Face_the_Worst_Censorship⠀⇛
The freedom to read for everyone requires an end to
prisons.
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Another_Internet_Sleuth_/_“True_Crime”_Podcast
Libel_Lawsuit,_Here_About_Kiely_Rodni_Case⠀⇛
From the Complaint in Robertson v. Upchurch (M.D.
Tenn.), just filed today (paragraph numbers and
some paragraph breaks deleted); recall, of course
that these are all just the plaintiffs’
allegations: Ryan Upchurch is a media personality,
musician, and prolific “YouTuber” who has
approximately 3,110,000 subscribers on YouTube as
of the date of this filing.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ After_Investigation,_PA_Lawmakers_Rethink
Funding_for_Child_ID_Kits⠀⇛
Two months after Texas lawmakers stripped millions
of dollars from a company that supplies child
identification kits, a bill to fund a similar
program in Pennsylvania is facing key opposition.
In March, two Pennsylvania senators filed
legislation that called for purchasing and
distributing child identification kits for all of
the state’s first graders. The kits, which would
cost the state about $350,000, needed to use
“inkless” fingerprinting technology, according to
the bill.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Texas_Rep._Greg_Casar_on_Why_He_Undertook
“Thirst_Strike”_to_Demand_Heat_Protections_for_Workers⠀⇛
As nearly half of Americans face heat advisories,
President Biden announced new steps Thursday to
provide relief, and Texas Congressmember Greg Casar
held an eight-hour thirst strike Tuesday on the
steps of the U.S. Capitol to highlight the need for
a federal workplace heat standard, including
mandatory water breaks for workers. This comes as
Texas Governor Greg Abbott recently signed
legislation overturning local rules for mandatory
workplace water breaks. “It is a slap in the face.
It is dangerous. It will get people killed. But
most of all, it’s disrespectful to working people,”
says Casar. “I’m outraged, but, unfortunately, not
surprised.” At least 2,000 workers in the United
States die every year from heat exposure, and the
risk is likely to increase as the planet continues
to warm due to the climate crisis.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Teamsters’_Proposed_Agreement_With_UPS_Is
a_Great_Victory_by_and_for_the_Workers⠀⇛
Six days before their national contract with the
United Parcel Services was set to expire—the moment
US labor law officially removes complex pro-
employer barriers banning workers from waging a
strike—the Teamsters announced that they had
reached a Tentative Agreement (TA) in their
national negotiations with UPS. Teamster members
will have from August 3 to August 22 to read,
celebrate, debate—and ultimately vote to ratify or
reject the proposed TA. While at press time full
details aren’t yet available, we’ve known for
almost a month that important issues at the top of
the workers’ demands had already been achieved
before the talks broke down on July 5. Teamsters
President Sean O’Brien had announced some of these
key provisions with justified fanfare as each
significant breakthrough was won in late June.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Emmett_Till’s_Cousin,_Rev._Wheeler_Parker
Jr.,_Welcomes_New_National_Monument_for_Lynched_Teenager⠀⇛
On what would have been Emmett Till’s 82nd
birthday, President Joe Biden designated a new
national monument in Mississippi and Illinois
honoring Emmett Till and his mother, Mamie Till-
Mobley. Emmett Till was just 14 years old when a
white mob abducted him from his great-uncle’s home
in Money, Mississippi, in 1955 before torturing and
lynching him. His mother’s decision to hold an
open-casket funeral revealing his mutilated body
shocked the country and served as a galvanizing
moment in the civil rights movement. This comes
amid efforts to suppress such history from being
included in school textbooks, led by Florida
governor and Republican presidential candidate Ron
DeSantis. We speak with Emmett Till’s cousin,
Reverend Wheeler Parker Jr., who was Till’s best
friend and witnessed his abduction.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ American_Character⠀⇛
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ How_Stan_Lee_Became_the_Face_of_an
Exploitative_Industry⠀⇛
In early June, there was an intense outpouring of
grief from the many friends of the cartoonist Ian
McGinty, known for his work on winsome manga-
inflected children’s comics such as Welcome to
Sideshow and Adventure Time, who passed away
unexpectedly at the age 38. Private mourning can
sometimes explode into public anger when a death is
resonant with larger problems. The world of comic
books and graphic novels, like Hollywood and
television in this era of labor strife, is one of
many cultural industries where anger at shoddy
working conditions has made nerves raw. As Chris
Kindred reported in The Daily Beast, an angry tweet
by fellow cartoonist Shivana Sookdeo provoked
debate that “soon took on a life of its own as
industry novices and veterans alike began
commiserating over the labor conditions that
colleagues have speculated contributed to McGinty’s
passing. Their stories of long hours, frequent
burnout, and chronic illness were filed under the
hashtag #ComicsBrokeMe, illuminating for the wider
public how dangerous the comics industry has
become.”
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Sinéad_O’Connor_Always_Knew_That_Black_Lives
Mattered⠀⇛
Sinéad O’Connor explained the point of her career
in her 2021 memoir: “Everyone wants a pop star.
See? But I am a protest singer.”
# ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Say_her_name:_inquiry_reminded_of
women_who_have_died⠀⇛
A public hearing into missing and murdered First
Nations women and children has finished with a list
of Aboriginal women who have died in custody and a
poignant reminder: say her name.
Latoya Rule, from the Jumbunna Institute for
Indigenous Education and Research, read out some of
the names of Aboriginal women who have died in
custody to the senate inquiry in Sydney.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Federal_Court_Accepts_Arizona_AG’s_Admission_Of
Defeat,_Blocks_‘No_Recording_Cops_Within_8_Feet’_Law⠀⇛
One of a long series of laws written to limit
police officer accountability has been not only
rejected by a federal judge, but also the cops it
was supposed to “protect” and Arizona’s top
prosecutor.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ California_Lawmakers_Say_It’s_Time_To_Regulate
The_Internet_The_Same_Way_China_Does⠀⇛
Here’s Part Two of my two parter about the Satanic
Panic-level moral panic that has befallen the
disconnected-from-reality California legislature
(in a bipartisan way) as they seek to destroy the
internet “to protect the children).
o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
# ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Browser_developers_push_back_on
Google’s_“web_DRM”_WEI_API⠀⇛
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Korean_Royalty_Collecting_Society_Fined
For_Acting_Like_Racketeering_Thugs⠀⇛
Copyright royalty collection societies don’t
exactly have a stellar reputation for
operating on the ethical up and up. Our pages
are filled with these collection societies
pulling all sorts of bullshit. Some of my
favorites are things like when one society
insisted on collecting royalties from a bar
that was shut down due to COVID, all the
stories about these groups failing to pay
artists what they’re supposed to, or the
collection society that wanted children to
pay up for playing music at high school
graduation parties.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4567
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_29/07/2023:_Communications_Secretaries_and_Godwin’s_Law⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 6:02 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Politics_and_World_Events
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ Random_Fooding⠀⇛
Blueberries that are accidentally mashed and put in
a jar with some water will need stirring now and
then to help oxygenate the mix. Also be sure to use
blueberries right off the bush; these have a fine
powder on them that is the natural yeast.
# ⚓ Communications_Secretaries⠀⇛
Suppose you had enough money to be ridiculous.
Here’s something great you could do:
Hire a few full-time Communications Secretaries, to
live and travel with you. They could work in
shifts, so you’d have 24/hr coverage, and they
wouldn’t get worn out. Build quarters for them, so
they could be comfortable and have privacy yet be
close at hand; and, so their families could be near
them, if they have families and want them nearby
during work shifts. And pay them fantastically
well, more than they could make at any sensical
job.
# ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_AHIKOWR_Wordo:_FOSSE⠀⇛
o § Politics and World Events⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Kids_Online_Safety_Act_S.1409⠀⇛
Senator Richard Blumenthal introduced S.3663 last
year, the Kids Online Safety Act, and re-introduced
it as S.1409 this year. In the next couple days, it
will get marked up in the senate, and continue on
its merry way.
The act is stupid, as most acts of congress are.
The name of the act is a manipulation of elemental
protective feelings–as most act names are. In
reality, they could call this act and so many
others, the Give Government Control of Your Life
Act. Government doesn’t care about children, or
humans in general–the evidence of that truth is
depressingly overwhelming.
# ⚓ A_friend_in_jail⠀⇛
A friend of mine recently started serving a six-
year prison sentence. The full story is long, as
they usually are, but in brief he accepted a plea
deal related to some images that he had on his
Google drive. He may have some chance of getting
out in three years, if all goes well.
I’ve been in touch with him through
Securustech.net. It’s $0.25 for a “digital stamp”
to send him an emessage (plus another $0.25 to send
him a return stamp so he can reply.) We’ve also
chatted on the phone, also through Securus; I
believe that was about $0.65 for 10 minutes.
The charges are understandable, when you consider
the fact that some employee has to read my email to
search for… I’m not sure, something illegal I
suppose. And, some employee has to listen in on our
phone call as well. Time is money, after all.
# ⚓ the_truth⠀⇛
this bullshit ufo congressional hearing shit where
the bullshit ufo “whistleblower” has described the
conspiracy from the x files before congress has
popped up in the middle of an x files rewatch and
now im inspired to write about it. not about the
bullshit hearing, which is just bullshit, and
obvious bullshit, but about the x files and its
complicated relationship with the “truth”
underlying conspiracy theories. so here goes
nothing. this is going to spoil how the show ends
without, in my opinion, actually spoiling anything,
so if you care about spoilers for a 30 year old
series youve been warned, but again, for
complicated reasons ill get into i dont think its
*actually* a spoiler.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ 2023-07-28⠀⇛
I have been enjoying the Old Computer Challenge
phlog posts. I was thinking about participating
with an old MDD G4 PowerMac but I pretty much
realized that I’m more in love with the idea of the
OCC rather than actually participating.
To be more specific, I adore old operating systems
and UIs and hyper-efficient software and command
lines…but the hardware part? not so much.
The fact that we all connect to SDF to use gopher
and links and irssi is already a pretty fulfilling
“retro” computing style for me.
I feel like if I had some version of Unix with a
useable version of SSH, then I would be 90% able to
do everything I need on a daily basis with one very
big exception…youtube.
# ⚓ Mac_Classic_Expansion_Card⠀⇛
I bought a Macintosh Classic sometime early
pandemic for nostalgia. I got a terminal emulator
loaded up and connected to a Raspberry Pi, so I use
it for writing or browsing the small web.
A few weeks ago, I started getting gray, horizontal
lines on boot. I opened it up- and the mainboard on
this thing is so strange. There’s the main board
with ports and what looks like a processor- then
*another* board of similar size with another with a
Motorola chip and RAM. The two boards are only
mounted together by a socket that overlaps the
processor, and very flimsy.
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Blog_Log_No._277⠀⇛
I just cannot keep this blog updated, can I?
I write so much but never on here. I think
sometimes this just turns into a journal and
not a blog and that’s a little too personal
for my taste. Even though I don’t know any of
you. And, as always, you can’t write back.
# ⚓ I_am_alive!⠀⇛
Someone on the Fediverse asked me why I am
talking about using Gopher while I am silent
here on my Gopherhole. Yes, I haven’t posted
for a longer while. But it isn’t mean that I
stopped using Gopher. I am alive and I am
browsing Gophersphere daily. I for sure was
reading [Old Computer Challenge Gopher Hole].
But this Phlog is intended for my Gopher
research, and I haven’t had anything
interesting to add to that topic. I’ve been
experimenting with Offpunk, but I’ve come
across some problems with it. And during
summer days I haven’t found time for that.
But the proper time will come in the future.
Cheers!
P.S. The latest news on the Gophersphere is
[GitHub proxy]. A nice thing, and it’s
something new.
# ⚓ Godwin’s_Law:_Gaiden⠀⇛
this is a minor one, and will likely be a
short one. this is in the genre of “using
twitter drama as a jumping off point to
complain about something”.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4803
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_29/07/2023:_All_Software_is_Made_for_the_First_Time,_Disk
Failure⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 5:33 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Politics_and_World_Events
o Science
o Technology_and_Free_Software
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ Saturday.._in_a_post.._I_think_it_was_the_29th_of_July⠀⇛
My wife led three female-centric-themed songs, I
led a couple Beatles, and then the host said,
“Y’all got one more in you?” The right song came
immediately to mind. Given we were the final
performers, I felt that although we’d only played
it only once together, that one time was just a few
hours before at the senior living facility. So I
said, “As a matter of fact, we do!”, and got us
going on KC and the Sunshine Band’s “Get Down
Tonight”.
# ⚓ A_Dying_Profession⠀⇛
o § Politics and World Events⠀➾
# ⚓ Hitchens_and_the_Myth_of_Socrates⠀⇛
He correctly realizes that it’s worthwhile to
discuss the philosophy of Socrates without getting
bogged down in the historicity of the guy.
Yet when it comes to the lilies parable in Matthew
6 a few centuries later (which is the verse he
quotes), he gets hung up on census data and
specific time and date.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Bible_and_climate_change⠀⇛
We need to recognize that for the past three
hundred years we’ve headed down a dangerous
path—the fossil-driven economy—that’s dangerous to
stay on and difficult to get off of.
There’s nothing in recorded human history and
scripture, in the past ten thousand years or so,
that can prepare us for this situation.
Clinging to old commandments like being fruitful
and multiplying is something we need to think twice
about.
The United States is, per capita, one of the worst
greenhouse emitters on the planet and part of the
reason for that is, of course, conservatism. A
short-sighted and cruel ideology that aims to gilt
the prison bars. From Buckley’s racist “don’t
immanentize the Eschaton” to today’s senate-floor
snowball-throwers, it’s the politics of molasses,
of getting stuck in the quicksand as the tide is
coming in. They’ll have the least immanentized
Eschaton on the cinder.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ keyboard_with_a_screen⠀⇛
The other day I started poking at the old code I
had for drawing stuff on the screen my keyboard has
built into it. I’d had a basic, control the pixel
with some buttons and it’ll leave a trail, but I’d
left it with a bug preventing sleeps less than a
second. Which made it really annoying to fiddle
with. I figured that out and promptly threw most of
it out anyway. Then I wanted to be able to use the
screen as a tiny display that could do terminal
stuff. Using some of the code from #g15stats and
#hackvr_term I was able to get a program, which I
named #g15term, that let me pipe stuff from stdin
to the screen. Which works good enough for me.
(While writing this, I found that menelkir wrote
their own thing named g15term. I should probably
pick a different name.)
# ⚓ All_Software_is_Made_for_the_First_Time⠀⇛
One of the things I like about working as a
developer is that all of the problems are being
solved for the first time. Outside of the realm of
writing software for educational purposes, very
rarely is a piece of software written to do exactly
the same job as an existing program; the client
will just go download the existing one instead. The
marginal cost of distributing software is so small
that it doesn’t even come close to even a few hours
of dev time. This means that the majority of devs
are working on interesting, novel problems; very
little development work is grunt work. It makes
everything more interesting for sure.
There are some downsides, though. Most pressingly,
it is very difficult to know how long any given
task will take. It is very often the case that it
is impossible to say whether a bug can be fixed in
just a couple of hours or will take a few weeks or
more. This is inevitabling creates some friction
between the developer team and the rest of the org
who, somewhat rightfully, demand more concrete
timelines.
# ⚓ Disk_failure⠀⇛
This week I had ran into a proper disk failure,
which was an interesting experience. This was
actually the first time I’ve had to deal with a
failing disk in a RAID1 array and I don’t recall
encountering other disk failures with BTRFS before
this one either.
But yeah, I keep a RAID1 array of 2 hard drives for
storing my livestream VODs. It started out as my
general video production array back when I was
still doing YouTube, but these days it pretty much
just stores livestreams I’ve done over the years.
# ⚓ Players_creating_quests_for_players⠀⇛
# ⚓ nostalgia-land⠀⇛
This machine is almost 30 years old (and it’s still
working!), yet it runs a current version of
OpenBSD, even software that I wrote for my usual
workstation. I like this a lot. Judging by the
performance of this old machine, I might not need
to replace my current workstation (which is already
over a decade old) for another 10 or maybe 20 years
… ? Crazy.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4999
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_29/07/2023:_Thunderbird_115_on_Flathub,FSF_Blasts“Web_Environment
Integrity”_(DRM)⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 8:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Server
o Instructionals/Technical
o Games
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o New_Releases
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Devices/Embedded
o Open_Hardware/Modding
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Licensing_/_Legal
o Programming/Development
# Python
* Leftovers
o Science
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
o Pseudo-Open_Source
# Openwashing
o Security
# Fear,_Uncertainty,_Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
# Overpopulation
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM)
o Monopolies
# Copyrights
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Leveraging_Linux_OS_for_Strategic_Business_Advancements_in
the_Internet_Sector⠀⇛
In the rapidly evolving world of the internet
sector, businesses are constantly seeking
innovative strategies to gain a competitive edge.
One such strategy that has been gaining traction is
the strategic utilization of Linux Operating System
(OS). Linux, an open-source operating system, has
emerged as a powerful tool for businesses looking
to maximize growth and efficiency in the internet
sector.
Linux OS offers a plethora of advantages that make
it an attractive choice for businesses. Its open-
source nature means that it is free to use, modify,
and distribute, providing businesses with
significant cost savings. This is particularly
beneficial for startups and small businesses
operating on tight budgets. Moreover, Linux is
renowned for its stability and security, making it
a reliable choice for businesses that handle
sensitive data.
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Creator_of_the_Unix_Sysadmin_Song
explains_its_origins_•_The_Register⠀⇛
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Christian Haschek ☛ SSH_based_comment_system⠀⇛
In 2015 I read an article (hn discussion) that was
using SSH as a sort-of 2fa for websites where you
needed to SSH into a server, which gave you a link
with a token that allowed you to sign into the
site.
I wondered if I could make a comment system for
this blog using SSH.
# ⚓ Julia Evans ☛ Why_is_DNS_still_hard_to_learn?⠀⇛
I write a lot about technologies that I found hard
to learn about. A while back my friend Sumana asked
me an interesting question – why are these things
so hard to learn about? Why do they seem so
mysterious?
For example, take DNS. We’ve been using DNS since
the 80s (for more than 35 years!). It’s used in
every website on the internet. And it’s pretty
stable – in a lot of ways, it works the exact same
way it did 30 years ago.
But it took me YEARS to figure out how to
confidently debug DNS issues, and I’ve seen a lot
of other programmers struggle with debugging DNS
problems as well. So what’s going on?
Here are a couple of thoughts about why learning to
troubleshoot DNS problems is hard.
# ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ A_Beginner’s_Guide_To_Dual_Booting_Windows_And
RHEL⠀⇛
Windows and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) are two
of the most popular operating systems in the world.
Windows is known for its ease of use and
compatibility with a wide range of software, while
RHEL is known for its stability and security. If
you’re looking for a way to get the best of both
worlds, dual booting Windows and RHEL is a great
option.
# ⚓ IT Pro ☛ How_to_run_graphical_Linux_applications_in_Windows
[Ed: Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is an attack on GNU/
Linux. Do not use it. Instead, dual boot, use a virtual
machine, or just get rid of Windows. WSL is meant to prevent
people from doing so.]⠀⇛
Windows is by far the most popular operating system
in the world – but for developers and power users,
it’s often helpful to be able to switch to a Linux
environment. In the past, this meant dual-booting
or installing your chosen distribution in a virtual
machine. But since 2016 there’s been a better way:
the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is an
optional OS component that provides a fully
working, officially supported Linux environment
right inside Windows.
The major limitation of WSL, when it was first
introduced, was that it was a text-only interface.
You could run scripts and command-line programs,
but graphical applications were off the menu.
That’s no longer the case. All desktop editions of
Windows 10 and 11 now support WSLg – an updated
version of WSL, where the “g” stands for GUI. It
enables you to run graphical Linux applications
directly on the Windows desktop, with minimal
configuration. It’s a huge boon for anyone who
works across multiple platforms, or who just wants
to try out applications and tools that aren’t
available for Windows.
# ⚓ AddictiveTips ☛ How_to_use_Google_Bard_from_the_Linux
terminal⠀⇛
To use Google Bard in your Linux terminal, you must
install a few things. First, you’ll need to install
the Google Bard API. You need this API to interact
with Google Bard. To install the Bard API, start by
opening up a terminal window.
Once the terminal window is open and ready to use,
it’s time to install the Google Bard API with the
pip install command.
# ⚓ AboutChromebooks ☛ How_to_install_Google_Earth_Pro_on_a
Chromebook⠀⇛
Earlier this morning, I received an email question
from a reader, asking how to install Google Earth
Pro on a Chromebook. Yes, there is a web version as
well as Google Earth for Android that runs on
ChromeOS. But the most fully featured version is
Google Earth Pro for desktops. And since there’s a
version for Linux, you can easily install Google
Earth Pro on a Chromebook.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ For_Honor_from_Ubisoft_gets_an_anti-cheat
update_–_now_Playable_on_Steam_Deck⠀⇛
Nice to see more bigger publisher jumping in to get
their games working on Steam Deck and desktop
Linux. Ubisoft has now upgraded For Honor to
support Easy Anti-Cheat on Deck.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Nate Graham ☛ This_week_in_KDE:_Sounds_like_Plasma
6⠀⇛
Excellent progress was made this week towards
the goal of full sound theme support in
Plasma 6, among other topics–including some
important performance work for KWin!
Significantly reduced cursor latency under
heavy load in the Plasma Wayland session!
System Settings gained a page to let you
configure which sound theme you want to use!
# ⚓ Try_KDE_Gear_23.08_Beta_on_KDE_neon⠀⇛
KDE Gear is our bundle of apps which we
release three times a year. Next month’s
release just got a beta for testing so
there’s now dozens of apps needing tested.
You can download the KDE neon testing ISO or
try the KDE neon container with Distrobox to
give them a try.
Try out the new KTuberling. Do not try out
KFloppy, it has finally ended its long and
happy life.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ LWN ☛ Systemd_254_released⠀⇛
Systemd 254 has been released. As usual, there is a long
list of changes, including a new list-paths command for
systemctl, the ability to send POSIX signals to services,
a “soft reboot” feature that restarts user space while
leaving the kernel in place, improved support for
“confidential virtual machines”, and a lot more.
o ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ On_the_future_of_free_long_term_support
for_Linux_distributions⠀⇛
To date, this public good has broadly been provided for
free for various periods of time by Debian developers,
Red Hat, Canonical, and so on. Red Hat’s switch from
‘CentOS’ to ‘CentOS Stream’ and now their change to how
Stream works marks Red Hat ceasing to provide this public
good for free; it’s now fairly likely to be a more or
less private, for pay thing. Canonical has never provided
this public good beyond five years (and in practice only
to a limited extent), and now there are signs they’re
going to limit this in various ways (also). Debian has
sort of provided this only semi-recently, in the form of
non-official five year support (and extended paid
support). I’m not sure about the practical state of
openSUSE but see their lifetime page for the current
claims.
o § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Independent_Distro_4MLinux_43.0_Released_with
Linux_6.1_LTS,_Thunderbird_115⠀⇛
4MLinux 43.0 is here about three and a half months
after 4MLinux 42.0 and sticks with the long-term
supported Linux 6.1 LTS kernel series. However, it
brings the newer Mesa 23.1 graphics stack, the
latest LibreOffice 7.5 office suite, and the
recently released Firefox 115.0 and Chrome 115.0
web browsers.
Other updated components in this release include
AbiWord 3.0.5 word processor, GIMP 2.10.34 image
editor, Gnumeric 1.12.55 spreadsheet editor,
Mozilla Thunderbird 115.0 email and calendar
client, Audacious 4.3.1 audio player, VLC 3.0.18
and SMPlayer 23.6.0 media player, and Wine 8.12.
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Latest_version_of_Canonical’s_Wayland
compositor_arrives⠀⇛
Canonical is still working away on its own Mir
display server, used in several of its IoT product
lines. Version 2.14 gains more functionality useful
for full desktop environments.
Mir is a complex project which has undergone some
big changes over its more than a decade of
existence, and it has several subprojects now,
including the Lomiri desktop, which not only
natively runs on Debian but is included as part of
Debian 12.
Mir 2.14 – that’s version 14 of Mir 2, not version
two-point-one-four – is out, and supports a larger
range of Wayland functionality. The announcement
says this release brings support for Wayland
screenlockers (the ext-session-lock-v1 Wayland
extension protocol), and support for Drag ‘n Drop,
which also means that “attached” windows can be
“restored”” by a drag gesture. It has improved
nVidia hardware support, and fixes an evdev
handling bug.
Since version 2.0, Mir has been a pure Wayland
compositor, although the fondleslab version still
uses the older Mir 1.8, because that also supports
the older mirclient APIs. In fact, it’s not so much
a Wayland compositor; as lead developer Alan
Griffiths told The Register: “Mir is a set of
libraries for building Wayland compositors.”
He went on to say: “There are a number of projects
that use these libraries, the most significant
being Ubuntu Frame, Lomiri and Miriway.”
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ 12_Euros_ESP32-S3-DevKit-LiPo_board_runs
Linux_6.3⠀⇛
Olimex ESP32-S3-DevKit-LiPo is a new open-source
hardware ESP32-S3 board with 8MB flash, 8MB PSRAM,
as well as LiPo battery and JTAG support that can
run Linux 6.3, or the more traditional Arduino or
MicroPython firmware.
The board is based on the ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N8R8
module, features two USB-C ports for power,
programming, and JTAG debugging, plenty of
expansion with two rows of I/Os plus a pUEXT
connector, Reset and Boot buttons, and a couple of
LEDs.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ [Repeat] Andrew Hutchings ☛ Amiga_3000:_Restoration_Part
4⠀⇛
Of course, the day I started the vapour
retrobrighting technique, the dark clouds rolled
over, and we had rain for most of the day. So, the
box was brought into my workshop and left near a
window. The process was still working regardless,
this is how it looked after the first 24 hours.
# ⚓ Pete Warden ☛ Accelerating_AI_with_the_Raspberry_Pi_Pico’s
dual_cores⠀⇛
The summary is that I was able to get approximately
a 1.9x speed boost by breaking a convolution
function into two halves and running one on each
processor. The longer story is that I actually
implemented most of this several months ago, but
got stuck due to a silly mistake where I was
accidentally serializing the work by calling
functions in the wrong order! I was in the process
of preparing a bug report for the RPi team who had
kindly agreed to take a look when I realized my
mistake. Another win for rubberducking!
# ⚓ DanTheMan ☛ Big_Dan_the_Blogging_Man⠀⇛
This was one of those last minute decisions which
was not well thought out. I found the component I
wanted on mouser which had a foot print available
for Kicad. I designed the PCB without actually
seeing the component. I had worked on this for so
long I wanted to get the PCB ordered without
waiting to see get the actual component in hand.
Its not like I’ve never seen a Micro USB socket
before, but when I finally got them in the mail and
looked at the size of the pins, my thought was “OH
WOW how am I going to solder that???”
# ⚓ Solar_Powered_Conways_Game_of_Life⠀⇛
The device hangs on a wall a few feet from the
window. Around 9am on bright summer days I will see
the first new generation being born for the day. By
that time the small drawdown from the ultra low
power core of the esp32 will have been replenished
by the solar panel and the battery voltage will
have recovered to 3.3v.
Each time that happens the ULP will wake up the
main core to calculate the next generation based on
the previous one which is stored in RTC memory.
Then it will turn on the display driver board and
push the next set of pixels to be drawn before
writing this new generation to memory and entering
deep sleep again.
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Supply_Improves._Here’s_Where
to_Buy_One_Now.⠀⇛
Getting your hands on a Raspberry Pi is now much
easier than 2022 or even than it was a few weeks
ago. Raspberry Pi stock levels are improving, with
some units remaining in stock for hours, rather
than minutes. In a December 2022 blog post,
Raspberry Pi LTD’s CEO Eben Upton wrote about how
he saw stock levels in 2023. This data was then
refined a few months ago to provide more clarity.
Now, more than half-way through the year, we can
take a look at home Raspberry Pi stock levels have
improved, and more importantly, tell you where you
can buy a Raspberry Pi.
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o ⚓ [Old] Logikal Solutions ☛ Medical_Device_Companies_Using_Qt⠀⇛
Since this is a blog, we can start out with the cheap
shot. Unless you are talking about the dudes looking to
kick your ass in a bar fight, 4 is not a big number.
According to an entity which monitors such things, as of
the start of 2023 there were 933 medical device
manufacturers in the United States.
o ⚓ OMG! Linux ☛ Thunderbird_115_is_Now_Available_on_Flathub⠀⇛
What’s changed is that the Thunderbird Flatpak on Flathub
is now packaged and maintained by the Thunderbird team
directly.
o § Licensing / Legal⠀➾
# ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Modern_Samizdat_Libraries⠀⇛
Samizdat (“self-publishing” in Russian) was the
practice of illegally copying and distributing
books, manuscripts, and other materials to evade
Soviet censorship.
While samizdat initially started with Russian
literature and expanded to politically focused
materials, it was also reimagined for hacker
culture. When Bell Labs made UNIX source code
illegal to distribute, the book A Commentary on the
UNIX Operating System (which contained an annotated
version of the source code) was retracted.
Illegally copying and distributing the book was
known amongst hackers as samizdat.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ Syncpup ☛ Erlang,_the_Unix_way⠀⇛
With this as a guide, it should be easy to have a
client module do any number of nasty work. I’m
going to use this scaffolding to run some massively
parallel file IO work so that I don’t have to
attempt the same in C/Unix. No way.
# ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ The_issue_with_control_flow_in
interpreters_using_the_‘eval’_pattern⠀⇛
The ideal situation for an ‘eval()’ style
interpreter is where you’re evaluating expressions
and you only have to return a simple result (a
number, a boolean answer, or the like). Life gets a
bit more complex if you need to return a multi-
option result where there are rules for combining
the options together; for example, you might have a
DSL where the result of an expression could be
‘yes’, ‘no’, or ‘we have to defer this because DNS
isn’t cooperating’. When you have such a multi-
option situation, every non-terminal Eval() method
may need to specifically handle the third option in
some way that makes sense (and may be domain
specific).
# ⚓ Earthly ☛ Building_a_CLI_Application_With_Argparse⠀⇛
A Command-Line Interface (CLI) is a method of
interacting with a computer program by entering
text commands. It provides a way of controlling
programs, executing tasks, and manipulating system
resources through a terminal or command prompt. To
build programs that accept input through the
command line, the Python library offers the
argparse module. The module simplifies the process
of building command-line interfaces by providing
the functionality to define command-line arguments,
parse arguments, validate user input, and generate
help messages.
In this tutorial, let’s explore using the argparse
module by building a ToDo application that will be
operated through the Command-Line. This project
will serve as an example to introduce the various
concepts of argparse and demonstrate their
practical use. Therefore, throughout the tutorial,
we will build the application incrementally while
exploring the different features of the argparse
module. The ToDo application will allow users to
manage tasks by providing commands to add tasks,
view the task list, mark tasks as done, and delete
tasks.
# ⚓ Earthly ☛ Designing_Extensible_Software_with_Go
Interfaces⠀⇛
In this article, you’ll learn how to use interfaces
in Go to design extensible, modular software.
Moreover, you’ll learn how to use interfaces to
promote code reusability, flexible architecture,
and an improved development experience.
# § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ LWN ☛ No-GIL_mode_coming_for_Python⠀⇛
The Python Steering Council has announced its
intent to accept PEP 703 (Making the Global
Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython), with
initial support possibly showing up in the
3.13 release. There are still some details to
work out, though.
# ⚓ Seth Michael Larson ☛ Security_Developer-in-Residence
–_Weekly_Report_#5⠀⇛
I’ve continued working on having the Python
Software Foundation registered as a CNA. We
have at this point submitted our registration
containing a list of contacts, a disclosure
policy, location of advisories and an
advisory database. We’ve received an
onboarding meeting date (August 21st) where
we’ll meet with the CNA partner team to ask
questions about the process and fill out some
example CVE records.
The Python Steering Council have approved
having Python scoped under the PSF CNA! 🥳
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Creator_of_the_Unix_Sysadmin_Song_explains_he
just_wanted_to_liven_up_a_textbook⠀⇛
In 1991 he cowrote “Guide to Unix” with the utilities
pioneer Peter Norton, and this reignited his interest in
open source. He went on to write five books on the topic,
including the 1995 tome that includes the infamous song –
latterly using his beloved Dvorak keyboard.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Friendly_AI_chatbots_will_be_designing
bioweapons_for_criminals_‘within_years’⠀⇛
Anthropic, founded by former OpenAI employees,
prides itself on being safety-oriented and is best
known for its large language model (LLM) chatbot
Claude. Over the past six months the startup has
reportedly been working with biosecurity experts to
study how neural networks could be used to create
weapons in the future.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Would_We_Recognize_Extraterrestrial_Technology
If_We_Saw_It?⠀⇛
There’s a common critique in science fiction series
like Star Trek about the extraterrestrial species
not looking ‘alien’ enough, as well as about their
technology being strangely similar to our own, not
to mention compatible to the point where their
widgets can be integrated into terrestrial systems
by any plucky engineer. Is this critique justified,
or perhaps more succinctly put: if we came across
real extraterrestrial life with real
extraterrestrial technology, would we even notice?
Would an alien widget borrowed of an alien
spacecraft even work with our own terrestrial
spacecraft’s system?
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Color_Can_Triple_QR_Code_Capacity⠀⇛
Recently [mit41301] wondered about increasing the
data capacity of QR codes, and was able to
successfully triple the number of bits using color.
He chose the new rectangular micro QR code (rMQR)
standard which was adopted last year as ISO/IEC
23941:2022. This rectangular-shaped QR code is
designed to be used on narrow spaces, with an
aspect ratio similar to that of a traditional 1D
bar code. There are quite a few variations of rMQR,
but the largest can hold 361 bytes. The basic idea
is to generate three different rMQR codes, coloring
them as red, green, blue, and merging the result.
Decoding is performed by separating the color image
into its RGB components and then decoding the
resulting three images.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Splitting_3D_Prints_Into_Parts_Can_Add
Strength⠀⇛
One of the great things about 3D printers is their
ability to make a single part all at once.
Separating a part into multiple pieces is usually
done to split up objects that are too big to fit on
the 3D printer’s print bed. But [Peter] at
Markforged (manufacturers of high-end 3D printers)
has a video explaining another reason: multi-part
prints can benefit from improved strength.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Cracking_down_on_SUVs⠀⇛
I couldn’t have put it better than Not Just Bikes
when he said that the freedom to swing your fist
ends at our faces, and SUV drivers are a selfish
punch to everyone else in urban environments. Their
size, pollution, and negatively-reinforced driving
habits are antithetical to every climate, financial
sustainability, and accessibility goal we have for
our cities. They’re also hideous, though I think
that of regular cars too.
# ⚓ El País ☛ Chatting_with_strangers:_Why_the_practice_is
dying_out_and_why_that_matters⠀⇛
On his daily commute to work, the professor
observed what happens on the subway in any city in
the world: people don’t look at each other, they
don’t smile, and they never talk to each other
except in an extreme emergency. We prefer to
immerse ourselves in the depths of our cellphone,
protected by headphones. Wearing headphones is a
great shield that exempts us from social contact —
just pointing to one of our ears is enough to
dissuade any daring stranger from attempting the
slightest interaction. A gesture that a decade ago
would have been considered rude is today widely
accepted.
# ⚓ [Old] El País ☛ Disconnecting_from_social_media_for_a_week
can_improve_mental_well-being:_It’s_time_to_do_a_‘digital
cleanse’⠀⇛
Maybe you’re on vacation and your cellphone has no
signal, or you forgot to charge your phone and now
you’re sitting in a waiting room, anxious to see
what’s happening on Twitter or what your friends
are doing on Instagram. Feeling uncomfortable when
you don’t have your phone in your hand, as if
something is missing, is a warning sign: it’s time
to disconnect. In most cases, you don’t need to
disconnect completely and forever. A week-long
break from social media is enough to yield
significant improvements in well-being, according
to a study published in the journal
Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking in
May 2022.
o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ Microsoft_laid_off_thousands_of_employees_in
the_fiscal_year_2023⠀⇛
Microsoft, one of the world’s largest tech brands,
has recently made headlines with its huge layoffs
during its fiscal year 2023. These layoffs have
broken the company’s previous records and have had
a huge impact on various depts within the company.
Microsoft, known for its software products and
services, has been a major player in the tech
industry for decades. However, like any other
brand, it faces issues and must make strategic
decisions to ensure its long-term success. One such
decision was the layoff of 11,000 staff during its
fiscal year 2023.
# ⚓ Health3PT_Releases_Blueprint_for_Third_Party_Risk
Management_to_Fix_the_Ineffective_Cyber_Risk_Assessment
Process_for_the_Healthcare_Industry⠀⇛
The Health 3rd Party Trust (Health3PT) Initiative
today announced the release of the Health3PT
Recommended Practices & Implementation Guide, a key
deliverable in its mission to solve the third party
cyber risk problem in the healthcare industry. The
Health3PT Recommended Practices & Implementation
Guide is the result of collaboration among a
council representing the nation’s leading
healthcare organizations and provides an
instructional framework of actionable steps
organizations can take to ensure due diligence and
due care throughout the healthcare ecosystem—while
improving effectiveness, reducing inefficiencies,
and leading the way for standardization in Third-
Party Risk Management (TPRM).
# ⚓ Help Net Security ☛ N2WS_Backup_and_Recovery_enhancements
strengthen_AWS_workload_protection⠀⇛
In a significant move toward enhancing business
continuity and data security for enterprises, N2WS
has launched the latest version of N2WS Backup and
Recovery.
[...]
The N2WS version 4.2 instance is deployed on Ubuntu
22, With this latest release, customers can choose
to upgrade the underlying Ubuntu instances to
Ubuntu Pro by using AWS License Manager.
# ⚓ Dark Reading ☛ Senator_Blasts_Microsoft_for_Negligence_in
365_Email_Breach⠀⇛
In a letter to the DoJ, FTC, and CISA, Oregon’s
Wyden also called for Microsoft to be held
accountable in the sprawling SolarWinds breach.
# ⚓ NPR ☛ What_my_$30_hamburger_reveals_about_fees_and_how
companies_use_them_to_jack_up_prices⠀⇛
This is what’s known as stealth inflation.
Basically, a price hike lurks, shark-like, just
beneath the surface, waiting for you to click on
that tantalizing $200 airfare deal or order that
refreshing $4 iced coffee. Then it strikes: one
fee, another fee, a 20% tip.
Before you know it, you’ve just paid 30 bucks for a
hamburger.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Researchers_Poke_Holes_in_Safety_Controls
of_ChatGPT_and_Other_Chatbots⠀⇛
In a report released on Thursday, researchers at
Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh and the
Center for A.I. Safety in San Francisco showed how
anyone could circumvent A.I. safety measures and
use any of the leading chatbots to generate nearly
unlimited amounts of harmful information.
Their research underscored increasing concern that
the new chatbots could flood the internet with
false and dangerous information despite attempts by
their creators to ensure that would not happen. It
also showed how disagreements among leading A.I.
companies were creating an increasingly
unpredictable environment for the technology.
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ FBI_warns_of_broad_AI_threats_facing
tech_companies_and_the_public⠀⇛
Officials on Friday warned of the likely increase
in “targeting [sic] and collecting against US
companies, universities and government research
facilities for AI advancements,” including the
transfer of “AI information including algorithms,
data expertise and computing infrastructure through
a multitude of technology acquisition methods,”
both illegal and legal, such as through foreign
commercial investments.
# § Windows TCO⠀➾
# ⚓ [Repeat] IT Wire ☛ US_Senator_seeks_federal_action
over_Microsoft_Azure_breach⠀⇛
He made the request in a letter sent to Jen
Easterly, director of CISA; Lina Khan, chair
of the FTC; and Merrick Garland, US attorney-
general.
Wyden, a Democrat from Oregon, was referring
to a recent breach of Microsoft’s Azure
platform. The email account of US Commerce
Secretary Gina Raimondo was one of the more
prominent accounts to have been breached
during the attack which was blamed on Chinese
attackers whom Microsoft has named Storm-
0588.
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Hawaiʻi_Community_College_pays_ransom
to_attackers⠀⇛
The university does not say how much it
agreed to pay and it did not name the
attackers in its announcement, but the
listing on the NoEscape dark web leak site
was removed. Although the NoEscape ransomware
gang first appeared under that name in June
of this year, they are believed to be a
rebrand of the Avaddon threat actors. They
appear to be just another group using the
double-extortion model that leaks the data of
victims who don’t pay.
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ ALPHV_ransomware_adds_data_leak_API
in_new_extortion_strategy⠀⇛
The ALPHV ransomware gang, also referred to
as BlackCat, is trying to put more pressure
on their victims to pay a ransom by providing
an API for their leak site to increase
visibility for their attacks.
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Health_data_of_more_than_8_million
people_accessed_by_MOVEit_hackers:_US_govt_contractor⠀⇛
The relevant section of Maximus’ SEC filing
of July 26 reads: [...]
o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾
# § Openwashing⠀➾
# ⚓ Venture Beat ☛ Hugging_Face,_GitHub_and_more_unite_to
defend_open_source_in_EU_AI_legislation [Ed: Slashdot
still_publishing_Microsoft_propaganda. Microsoft does
not speak for Open Source, Microsoft attacks Open
Source (while bribing OSI), and GitHub is proprietary
(promoted by OSI for those bribes).]⠀⇛
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Friday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by Debian (kernel
and libmail-dkim-perl), Fedora (openssh), and SUSE
(kernel).
# ⚓ Kaspersky_launches_specialized_solution_for_Linux-based
embedded_devices [Ed: Do not use proprietary software for
security, not just because it's Russian]⠀⇛
Kaspersky introduces support for Linux in their
Kaspersky Embedded Systems Security product. This
adaptable, multi-layered solution now provides
optimized security for embedded Linux-based
systems, devices and scenarios, in compliance with
the rigorous regulatory standards so often
applicable to these systems. The product provides
optimum protection for every device it secures –
whatever its power level – against the latest
cyberthreats directed at today’s Linux systems.
# ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Centers_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_notifying
645,000_Medicare_members_about_MOVEit_breach⠀⇛
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) has
posted a notice on its site about a data breach at
one of its contractors, Maximus Federal Services,
Inc. Maximus was one of hundreds of victims of a
0day attack on MOVEit file transfer software by the
Clop ransomware gang.
Maximus detected unusual activity on May 30 and
reported the incident to CMS on June 2. CMS
estimates that approximately 645,000 Medicare
numbers had their information caught up in the
attack.
# ⚓ USDOJ ☛ SSNDOB_Marketplace_Admin_Pleads_Guilty_To_Charges
Related_To_His_Operation_Of_A_Series_Of_Websites⠀⇛
July 25 — Tampa, Florida – United States Attorney
Roger B. Handberg, along with Special Agent in
Charge Kareem Carter for the IRS – Criminal
Investigation Washington D.C. Field Office, and
Special Agent in Charge David Walker for the FBI –
Tampa Division, announces that Vitalii Chychasov
(37, Ukraine) has pleaded guilty to conspiracy to
commit access device fraud and trafficking in
unauthorized access devices relating to his
administration of SSNDOB Marketplace, a series of
websites that operated for years and were used to
sell personal information, including the names,
dates of birth, and Social Security numbers
belonging to individuals in the United States. The
SSNDOB Marketplace has listed the personal
information for millions of individuals in the
United States, generating more than $19 million in
sales revenue. On June 7, 2022, seizure orders were
executed against the domain names of the SSNDOB
Marketplace, effectively ceasing the website’s
operation.
# ⚓ Lebanon_students_to_finally_receive_grades_from_June_after
cyberattack_delay⠀⇛
Middle and high school students in the Lebanon
School District are expected to receive their
grades for the academic year that ended in June
next week. The delayed release comes after some of
the district’s key systems were taken offline as a
precaution following a June cyberattack.
PowerSchool, a student information database where
students and families can go to see grades, is
expected to be back online for families on Friday,
Aug. 4, according to Superintendent Amy Allen, a
former assistant superintendent in Manchester who
started work in Lebanon on July 1. Report cards for
elementary school students were sent home at the
end of the school year, but older students have yet
to receive their grades.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Axis_Door_Controller_Vulnerability_Exposes
Facilities_to_Physical,_Cyber_Threats⠀⇛
An Axis network door controller vulnerability can
be exploited to target facilities, exposing them to
both physical and cyber threats.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Data_of_more_than_8m_stolen_from_US_govt
contractor_Maximus⠀⇛
A spokesperson for Maximus’ Australian operations
told iTWire: “MAX, part of Maximus, does not use
the MOVEit platform in Australia, and as a result,
no MAX customers were impacted.”
Cl0P now appears to have delisted Maximus from its
web site, one of 11 companies whose names have been
removed after being listed, according to ransomware
threat researcher Brett Callow.
{loadposition sam08}Set up in 1975, Maximus has
more than 39.000 employers and its annual revenue
is claimed to be US$4.25 billion (A$6.3 billion).
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_SEC_is_giving_companies_four_days_to_report
cyberattacks⠀⇛
The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
wants public companies to be more transparent and
forthcoming about “material cybersecurity
incidents,” the federal agency said yesterday (July
26).
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Companies_Required_by_SEC_to_Disclose
Cybersecurity_Incidents_in_4_Days⠀⇛
The SEC has adopted new rules requiring public
companies to disclose cybersecurity breaches that
have a material impact within four days.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Code_Execution_Vulnerability_Impacts_900k
MikroTik_Devices⠀⇛
Over 900,000 devices are impacted by an arbitrary
code execution vulnerability in MikroTik RouterOS.
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ SEC’s_breach_disclosure_rule_raises
concerns_about_tipping_off_hackers_to_flawed_systems⠀⇛
New rules require publicly traded companies to
disclose cybersecurity breaches within four days of
them being deemed material.
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Top_FBI_officials_warn_of_‘unparalleled’
threat_from_China_and_AI⠀⇛
Director Christopher Wray said “AI will enable
threat actors to develop increasingly powerful,
sophisticated, customizable, and scalable
capabilities.”
# ⚓ Best_VPN_for_Linux [Ed: This seems to be partly
promotional, not objective]⠀⇛
The best virtual private networks (VPNs) for Linux
mask your IP address and encrypt your data to
provide an enhanced level of privacy when working
on the operating system, particularly when you’re
connected to a public network. They also allow you
to watch geo-blocked content and bypass censorship
to access websites that might be disallowed due to
your home IP address. Some even go a step further
to provide firewall, antivirus, anti-rootkit and
tripwire services.
This review looks at the best Linux VPN clients for
hiding your traffic from prying eyes and gaining
access to additional content, or both. Read on to
learn more about these services, including how they
work and how to set them up.
# ⚓ Securing_Your_Linux_VPS:_15_Essential_Tips_and_Best
Practices⠀⇛
One thing stands as an unbroken fact in the broad
digital ecosystem where data flows continuously and
cyber dangers abound – the critical significance of
protecting your Linux Virtual Private Server (VPS).
# ⚓ StackRot_(CVE-2023-3269):_Linux_kernel_privilege_escalation
vulnerability⠀⇛
A flaw was found in the handling of stack expansion
in the Linux kernel 6.1 through 6.4, aka “Stack
Rot”. The maple tree, responsible for managing
virtual memory areas, can undergo node replacement
without properly acquiring the MM write lock,
leading to use-after-free issues. An unprivileged
local user could use this flaw to compromise the
kernel and escalate their privileges.
# ⚓ LWN ☛ Exploiting_the_StackRot_vulnerability⠀⇛
For those who are interested in the gory details of
how the StackRot vulnerability works, Ruihan Li has
posted a detailed writeup of the bug and how it can
be exploited.
# § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation⠀➾
# ⚓ Hacker News ☛ GameOver(lay):_Two_Severe_Linux
Vulnerabilities_Impact_40%_of_Ubuntu_Users [Ed: Talking
point from a firm that came from Microsoft (Wiz). The
severity is not high.]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Dark Reading ☛ Ubuntu_Linux_Cloud_Workloads_Face
Rampant_Root_Take_Takeovers [Ed: Is Wiz eager to
distract from the Microsoft breach it spoke of this
month?]⠀⇛
The flaws — tracked as CVE-2023-2640 and CVE-
2023-32629 and dubbed “GameOverlay” by Wiz
researchers — are found in the OverlayFS
module of Ubuntu Linux and are the result of
changes Ubuntu made to the module in 2018,
which, at the time, posed no threat,
researchers from cloud security firm Wiz
revealed in a blog post.
# ⚓ Milioni_di_utenti_Ubuntu_vulnerabili_al_bug_di
sicurezza_del_modulo_OverlayFS⠀⇛
# ⚓ GameOver(lay):_Easy-to-exploit_local_privilege
escalation_vulnerabilities_in_Ubuntu_Linux_affect_40%
of_Ubuntu_cloud_workloads [Ed: The media has mostly
copy-pasted this dramatisation from Microsoft-connected
firm (created by a Microsofter)]⠀⇛
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ OpenRightsGroup ☛ The_CPTPP:_trading_away_your
privacy_rights⠀⇛
The Government have recently announced the UK
accession to the Comprehensive and
Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific
Partnership (CPTPP). This trade agreement
will contribute to a whopping 0.08% of the
national gross domestic product over a period
of ten years, but under a seemingly
inconsequential move lies a very tangible
risk: the agreement includes clauses that
could force the UK to remove protections to
personal data when transferred to foreign
jurisdictions—mostly countries of the Asia-
Pacific region.
Before this, the UK joined the Cross-Border
Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum, an international
data transfer regime based on the weak Asia-
Pacific privacy framework. Meanwhile
proposals in the Data Protection and Digital
Information Bill are outspokenly meant to
position the UK as the data-laundering hub of
Europe.
In other words, the Government are setting
the stage to make your personal data their
bargaining chip during trade negotiations.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ France_claims_Apple_abusing_market_position
in_collecting_data_for_ads⠀⇛
The French competition authority has accused
Apple of abusing its dominant position in the
market to implement “discriminatory, non-
objective and non-transparent conditions” to
mine user data for advertising purposes.
# ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Has_Liberty_Died_in_Our_Hearts?⠀⇛
Nevertheless, every encroachment upon
personal freedom – here the natural human
right to be left alone – when unchecked,
forms a small precedent, and becomes another
step on the stairway to totalitarianism. It
makes the next encroachment easier for the
zealots in the government to accomplish and
to justify.
If Americans believe that the Bill of Rights
means what it says, then all rational persons
– except the zealots in the deep state and
the quislings in Congress – should be
demanding that the Congress and the FBI
conform to and abide by the restraints
imposed upon them by the Constitution they
have sworn to uphold.
Here is the backstory.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Japan_says_North_Korea_threat_more_serious_than
‘ever_before’⠀⇛
Japan said Friday that North Korea posed a more
serious threat to its national security than “ever
before”, as nuclear-armed Pyongyang rattles its
neighbours with repeated missile tests and
belligerent rhetoric.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_national_security_police
arrest_man_and_woman_over_alleged_foreign_collusion_and
sedition_conspiracy⠀⇛
A man and a woman were arrested by the national
security police on Thursday morning for allegedly
conspiring to collude with foreign forces and
commit seditious acts.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Taiwanese_businessman_allowed_to_leave_China_for
Japan_‘relieved’_to_be_free⠀⇛
Lee Meng-chu promised state security police he
would delay his homecoming until after Taiwan’s
presidential poll.
# ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuanian_parents_who_abducted_children_linked_to
anti-state_movement⠀⇛
The family who kidnapped their children after they
were taken into care are linked to the so-called
movement of sovereign citizens, Lithuania’s
intelligence service, the State Security Department
(VSD), said on Wednesday.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Chengdu_steps_up_security_measures_after_post_calls
for_protests_at_University_Games⠀⇛
A post on GitHub calls for ‘white paper
revolutionary action’ to call for Xi Jinping’s
resignation at the event.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Florida_man_accused_of_hoarding_America’s
secrets_faces_fresh_charges⠀⇛
The celebrity defendant, a 77-year-old jack-of-all-
trades, spent four long years occupying the White
House after more than a decade as a reality TV
host. On Thursday he faced three new charges [PDF]
that may complicate his plan to re-establish
residency in America’s capital come January 2025.
The charges include: attempting to destroy evidence
(obstruction of justice); attempting to induce
others to destroy evidence; and a further Espionage
Act violation related to the unlawful retention of
a top secret document about Iran.
# ⚓ The Age AU ☛ Australia_lagging_in_protecting_teens_from
‘dark_rabbit_holes’_on_TikTok⠀⇛
Rising numbers of adolescents are picking up
dangerous self-harming trends on popular social
media apps, say mental health experts, who are
pushing for Australia to strengthen its online
content moderation policies.
Monash Health child psychiatrist, associate
professor Michael Gordon, said TikTok was the
standout app of concern and that usage in teenagers
had soared during the pandemic.
Gordon said there was a trend on TikTok where
people filmed themselves being injured, while
others were “showing off” wounds inflicted through
self-harm.
# ⚓ RTL ☛ Last_surviving_Luxembourg_veteran_remembers_fallen
friend⠀⇛
This week marks the 70th anniversary of the
historic armistice signed between North and South
Korea. 92-year-old Léon Moyen is the last surviving
veteran from Luxembourg who fought in the historic
conflict.
# ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ Trump_Tried_to_Delete_Mar-a-Lago_Security
Footage_to_Thwart_Investigators⠀⇛
In the new superseding indictment, Carlos de
Oliveira, a maintenance worker at Trump’s Mar-a-
Lago resort, joins Trump and his aide Walt Nauta as
a defendant in the case brought by the Justice
Department in June. The new charges against the
former president and his employees include
“Corruptly Altering, Destroying, Mutilating or
Concealing a Document, Record, or Other Object,” as
well as “Altering, Destroying, Mutilating, or
Concealing an Object.”
# ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Seventy_years_on,_the_Korean_War_still
resonates⠀⇛
Commemorations in South Korea yesterday, and
elsewhere around the world, marked the 70th
anniversary of the signing of the Korean War
armistice at Panmunjom on 27 July 1953. Today, amid
the war in Ukraine and tensions in East Asia that
could flare into hostilities, the lessons of the
Korean conflict are worth close re-examination.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ China’s_coal_use_increased_to_a_record_high_in_2022,
IEA_says⠀⇛
China’s coal consumption grew by 4.6% in 2022 to a
new all-time high of 4.5 billion metric tons,
dragging with it global coal demand offsetting
declines in Europe and North America, a new report
by an energy watchdog said.
The coal market globally rose by 3.3% to hit a
fresh new record of 8.3 billion metric tons in
2022, and will stay near that record level this
year due to solid growth in Asia for both power
generation and industrial applications, said the
Paris-based organization International Energy
Agency.
The news comes as climate monitors warn of global
temperatures reaching record highs in July, and
coal is a major source of the emissions that cause
global warming.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Nature ☛ Warning_of_a_forthcoming_collapse_of_the_Atlantic
meridional_overturning_circulation⠀⇛
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
(AMOC) is a major tipping element in the climate
system and a future collapse would have severe
impacts on the climate in the North Atlantic
region. In recent years weakening in circulation
has been reported, but assessments by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
based on the Climate Model Intercomparison Project
(CMIP) model simulations suggest that a full
collapse is unlikely within the 21st century.
Tipping to an undesired state in the climate is,
however, a growing concern with increasing
greenhouse gas concentrations. Predictions based on
observations rely on detecting early-warning
signals, primarily an increase in variance (loss of
resilience) and increased autocorrelation (critical
slowing down), which have recently been reported
for the AMOC. Here we provide statistical
significance and data-driven estimators for the
time of tipping. We estimate a collapse of the AMOC
to occur around mid-century under the current
scenario of future emissions.
[...]
Computer code (Matlab and R) can be found in the
following repository: [...]
# ⚓ NPR ☛ Why_it’s_so_important_to_figure_out_when_a_vital
Atlantic_Ocean_current_might_collapse⠀⇛
To determine how close that tipping point might be,
Ditlevsen analyzed ocean temperature records near
Greenland over the past 150 years and ran a
statistical analysis to track the fluctuations in
temperature. He and his co-author found increasing
variability in temperatures, which they say is a
sign the AMOC is weakening. Based on their
analysis, they estimate the AMOC could collapse
between 2025 and 2095. That’s decades earlier than
other studies have found.
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ Saguaro_Cacti_Collapsing_in_Arizona_Extreme
Heat,_Scientist_Says⠀⇛
Cacti need to cool down at night or through rain
and mist. If that does not happen they sustain
internal damage. Plants now suffering from
prolonged, excessive heat may take months or years
to die, Hernandez said.
# ⚓ Poll:_SUV_drivers_in_Paris_to_be_charged_higher_parking
fees,_should_Australia_follow?⠀⇛
Paris has announced plans to impose higher parking
fees for bigger cars from January 2024 – in an
attempt to discourage the ownership of SUVs and
larger petrol and diesel vehicles.
# ⚓ News AU ☛ Calls_for_SUV_drivers_to_pay_higher_parking_fees
to_fight_pollution⠀⇛
Announcing the measures, deputy mayor David
Belliard said SUVs were “incongruous in an urban
environment” and the measure aimed to tackle “the
inexorable growth in the weight and size of
vehicles circulating in our cities”.
He hoped more expensive parking would encourage
people to buy lighter vehicles.
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Tesla’s_Dieselgate⠀⇛
The fundamental laws of physics don’t care
about this bullshit, but people do. The
comsat lie convinced a bunch of people that
pulling fiber to all our homes is literally
impossible – as though the electrical and
phone lines that come to our homes now were
installed by an ancient, lost civilization.
Pulling new cabling isn’t a mysterious art,
like embalming pharaohs. We do it all the
time. One of the poorest places in America
installed universal fiber with a mule named
“Ole Bub”: [...]
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ Burning_ship_off_Dutch_coast_has
more_e-cars_than_thought⠀⇛
A freight ship that caught fire off the Dutch
coast and has been burning since, as fire
extinguishers try to figure out ways to
tackle the incident, has been carrying nearly
500 electric cars, far more than previously
reported, the company that chartered the ship
said.
Initial reports said that the ship was
carrying 25 electric cars.
The Fremantle Highway vessel, which has
burning for a fourth day off the Dutch coast,
was chartered by Japanese transportation
company K Line.
# ⚓ India Times ☛ Worldcoin_[cryptocurrency]_already
under_scrutiny_in_Europe⠀⇛
Less than a week after its launch, the
Worldcoin [cryptocurrency] project of OpenAI
chief executive Sam Altman is already under
scrutiny by European regulators over its
reliance on an eye scan to verify a user’s
identity, France’s data protection agency
said Friday.
# § Overpopulation⠀➾
# ⚓ BIA Net ☛ İstanbul_breaks_daily_water_consumption
record_amid_heatwave⠀⇛
According to İSKİ data, the average fill rate
of the 10 dams supplying drinking and utility
water to İstanbul is currently at 38%,
whereas it was over 71% in July last year.
(AÖ/VK)
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Thames_Water_to_datacenters:_Cut
water_use_or_we_will⠀⇛
The objective then was to work with
datacenter operators to reduce their overall
water usage and discourage them from using
drinking water for purposes such as cooling.
At the time, the southern part of the UK was
experiencing a heatwave that followed on from
a period of unusually low rainfall.
It appears that Thames Water is now moving
beyond that and seeking to bring in measures
such as putting flow restrictors onto supply
pipes and charging more for water during
periods when demand is high.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Trump_Faces_New_Charges_in_Mar-a-Lago
Classified_Documents_Case⠀⇛
The office of the special counsel accused the
former president of seeking to delete security
camera footage at Mar-a-Lago. The manager of the
property, Carlos De Oliveira, was also named as a
new defendant.
# ⚓ Special_security_zone_declared_in_Şırnak⠀⇛
Citizens and opposition MPs question the successive
declarations of special security zones in the
southeastern provinces, resulting in the hindering
of the economic activities of the villagers.
# ⚓ CBC ☛ Threads_has_lost_half_its_users_since_launch,
Zuckerberg_tells_staff⠀⇛
Meta Platforms executives are heavily focused on
boosting retention on their new social media app
Threads, after it lost more than half of its users
in the weeks following its buzzy launch, CEO Mark
Zuckerberg told employees on Thursday.
# ⚓ NPR ☛ New_study_shows_just_how_Facebook’s_algorithm_shapes
conservative_and_liberal_bubbles⠀⇛
Still, the research sheds light on how Facebook’s
algorithm works. The studies found liberals and
conservatives live in their own political news
bubbles more so than elsewhere online. They also
show that changing the platform’s algorithm
substantially changes what people see and how they
behave on the site — even if it didn’t affect their
beliefs during the three-month period researchers
studied.
“The insights from these papers provide critical
insight into the black box of algorithms, giving us
new information about what sort of content is
prioritized and what happens if it is altered,”
said Talia Stroud of the University of Texas at
Austin, who is co-leading the research project.
# ⚓ New Statesman ☛ The_risible_origin_story_of_“X”⠀⇛
If we want to guess at how users will respond to
this change, which abandons almost two decades of
brand recognition and a verb – “tweet” – that’s
entered the public lexicon, we can look to history.
This isn’t the first time Musk has tried to make
X.com a reality.
In 1999 he launched on online bank with the same
name. It eventually merged with Confinity, a
company founded by Peter Thiel and Max Levchin that
made a product called PayPal. Musk became the CEO
of the combined company, and immediately started
making a series of bad decisions. He sought to
rewrite PayPal’s code base to align with X.com,
losing millions in the process as development on
new features came to a halt, and began the process
of rebranding PayPal as X-PayPal with the goal of
phasing out the old name altogether. But Musk faced
an internal revolt.
Focus groups told the company they trusted the
PayPal brand but not X. They perceived the latter
as a seedy name and said it reminded them of porn –
not the associations you want for a bank and
payment processor. But Musk charged forward anyway,
until the board replaced him with Thiel while he
was on his honeymoon. In the following months the
X.com financial services were wound down and the
entire company was renamed PayPal.
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Report:_Biden_should_prioritize_cyber
capacity_building_for_allies⠀⇛
More than a year into Russia’s largely failed
invasion of Ukraine, Kyiv has been fairly
successful in repelling Russian cyberattacks — in
part thanks to assistance from partner nations and
corporations. Now a new report is urging the Biden
administration to build on that success and and
prioritize cyber capacity building for allies and
partners.
Thursday’s report from the Foundation for the
Defense of Democracies, a Washington think tank,
includes a set of eight recommendations for the
Biden administration to ensure that cyber capacity
building makes up a key part of its forthcoming
international cybersecurity strategy.
# ⚓ Craig Murray ☛ Beware_the_Righteous⠀⇛
All of the worst atrocities in human history have
been perpetrated by people convinced they were in
the right. People act according to the mores of
their era and group. There is nothing more
dangerous that the inability to see that it is
reasonable for others to have a different view or
interest.
# § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ No,_Mr._Putin,_Europe_Didn’t_Ban_RT_for
Telling_the_Truth⠀⇛
That is false. While some journalists and
academics have opposed banning the Russian
media outlets on free speech grounds, RT and
Sputnik have systematically spread falsehoods
and disinformation about Russia’s war in
Ukraine.
# ⚓ BBC ☛ False_claims_that_heatwave_is_bogus_spread
online⠀⇛
False claims suggesting that the BBC has been
misreporting temperatures in southern Europe
have been spreading on social media.
# ⚓ Greece ☛ Facebook’s_algorithm_is_‘influential’_but
doesn’t_necessarily_change_beliefs,_researchers_say⠀⇛
Talia Stroud, the founder and director of the
Center for Media Engagement at the University
of Texas at Austin, and Joshua Tucker, a
professor and co-founder of the Center for
Social Media and Politics at New York
University, who helped lead the project, said
they “now know just how influential the
algorithm is in shaping people’s on-platform
experiences.”
But Stroud said in an interview that the
research showed the “quite complex social
issues we’re dealing with” and that there was
likely “no silver bullet” for social media’s
effects.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Impartiality’s_not_an_issue_for_Hong
Kong_broadcasters_when_only_one_opinion_is_permitted⠀⇛
There used to be a traditional English saying that
it was no use locking the stable door after the
horse has bolted. This of course dates back to the
days when horse metaphors were instantly
understandable.
# ⚓ CPJ ☛ Azerbaijani_journalist_Vugar_Mammadov_sentenced_to_30
days_in_jail_over_interview⠀⇛
The court verdict, viewed by CPJ, referred to at
least three interviews by Mammadov with former
Colonel Elnur Mammadov, most recently on July 19,
in which the ex-soldier criticized the state of the
country’s military and accused Defense Minister
Zakir Hasanov of poor management and corruption.
Elnur Mammadov, who is not related to the
journalist, was also jailed for 30 days on the same
charges.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Hong_Kong_court_rejects_civil_ban_on_protest_anthem
‘Glory_to_Hong_Kong’⠀⇛
A court in Hong Kong on Friday rejected the
government’s bid to impose an injunction on
performances of and references to “Glory to Hong
Kong,” the banned anthem of the 2019 protest
movement, citing a “chilling effect” on freedom of
expression.
# ⚓ Broadband Breakfast ☛ UK’s_Online_Safety_Bill_Likely_to
Impact_American_User_Experience⠀⇛
The Online Safety Bill is the UK’s response to
concerns about the negative impact of various
internet platforms and applications. The core of
the bill addresses illegal content and content that
is harmful to children. It places a duty of care on
internet sites, including social media platforms,
search engines, and online shopping centers, to
provide risk assessments for their content, prevent
access to illegal content, protect privacy, and
prevent children from accessing harmful content.
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ Report:_Six_African_Countries_Restricted
Internet_Access_Due_to_Protests_or_Political_Crisis⠀⇛
Netherlands-based Surfshark said that is twice as
many nations as during the same months of 2022.
Surfshark recorded 42 new internet disruptions
worldwide, nine of which occurred in Africa. Six
countries — Ethiopia, Guinea, Mauritania, Senegal,
Sudan and Tanzania — accounted for those nine
shutdowns.
# ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Court_affirms_mentioning_officials’_names_doesn’t
mean_‘targeting_them_for_terror_groups’⠀⇛
Two journalists who were put on trial based on a
complaint by Akın Gürlek, a judge who presided over
high-profile political cases in recent years and
appointed as deputy justice minister after the May
elections, were acquitted on June 13.
Canan Coşkun, a reporter for the Diken news portal,
Barış Pehlivan, a columnist for the daily
Cumhuriyet, were facing charges of “marking anti-
terror officials as a target for terrorist
organizations” due to their coverage and articles
related to one of Gürlek’s trials.
The court acquitted Coşkun and Pehlivan, who faced
up to three years in prison, citing that the act
they were accused of was not defined as a crime in
the law. It said the detailed ruling would be
released at a later date.
# ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ Muslim_nations_call_for_boycott_of_Swedish
products⠀⇛
Sweden scrapped its blasphemy laws in the 1970s and
now has some of the strongest legal predections for
the freedom of expression in the world. But the
country does not have a law that specifically
prohibits burnings or desecrations of religious
texts, including the Quran.
Boyfield said that at a conference earlier this
year, Swedish business leaders were already
extremely concerned about the way in which the
authorities were, in their view, failing to
prosecute protestors who burned the Quran. However,
he added that because Sweden imports most of its
oil and natural gas from Norway and other countries
outside of the Middle East, it was important to
emphasize that Gulf states have very little in
terms of leverage over the Nordic country.
o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Carr_asks_why_Albanese_not_pushing_for_Assange’s
freedom⠀⇛
Former NSW premier Bob Carr has taken aim at Prime
Minister Anthony Albanese over the delay in the US
freeing WikiLeaks founder and publisher Julian
Assange, questioning why, if a request has been
refused, the PM has not asked the US a second time.
# ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Arrested_journalist_Fırat_Can_Arslan_put_in
solitary_confinement⠀⇛
During a meeting with his lawyer, Arslan recounted
that he was initially taken to the section where
criminal detainees were held at Sincan Prison, and
then, upon objection, prosecutors ordered his
transfer to Sincan 1 Type F Prison, where political
prisoners are held.
The news report that led to his arrest was about a
married judge and a prosecutor who presided over
the same case, which was about 18 Kurdish media
workers facing “terrorism”-related charges. The
couple were reassigned to a different city after
the first hearing of the trial on July 12, Arslan
reported.
# ⚓ CPJ ☛ Sri_Lankan_police_arrest,_beat_journalist_Tharindu
Uduwaragedara⠀⇛
Officers pulled Uduwaragedara out of a rickshaw
while he was leaving the protest and forced him
into a police vehicle while he repeatedly
identified himself as a journalist, according to
Dehiaththage and video of the incident posted to
Twitter.
Two officers beat Uduwaragedara while en route to
the Borella Police Station, where he remained
detained without charge or access to medical
treatment for a head injury as of Friday evening,
Dehiaththage said.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ Terence Eden ☛ Should_you_embed_alt_text_inside_image
metadata?⠀⇛
But… People don’t always add alt text when they
upload an image. They may not realise it is
helpful, or they don’t know how to write a good
description, or they may not have time to write
something suitable. This leads to a frequently
asked question: “Should I embed the alt text inside
the image file? That way, whenever people share the
image the alt text will automatically be attached!”
Here’s my attempt to answer that.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Study:_Tibetan_prisons_shift_to_Xinjiang-like_long-
term_detentions⠀⇛
When she was just 13, Ngawang Sangdrol was arrested
for protesting Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rule
in Tibet. She spent more than a decade in prison
before international pressure led to her release in
2002.
Now an activist at the International Campaign for
Tibet, her mission to draw attention to human
rights abuses in her homeland like what she endured
is complicated, she said, by China’s tight control
over information in and out the region.
# ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Writers_Guild,_SAG-AFTRA_Threaten
Legal_Action_Over_Radford_Picketing_Conditions⠀⇛
The Writers Guild of America, now on the cusp of
marking its third month on strike against the
Alliance of Motion Picture and Television
Producers, and performers organization SAG-AFTRA,
which is two weeks into a work stoppage over its
own contract dispute against the same studio
association, both allege that Radford’s ownership
has deprived them of their constitutional right to
protest at the site safely and fairly.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iranian_Parliament_Unveils_New,_Stricter_Hijab_Law
Amid_Heavy_Criticism⠀⇛
The legislation also touches on the need for
broader gender segregation in universities,
administrative centers, educational institutions,
parks, and tourist locations, and even in hospital
treatment sections. It proposes severe penalties,
including imprisonment and fines of up to 360
million Iranian rials ($720) for women who defy the
mandatory hijab law.
# ⚓ El País ☛ Neither_hippies_nor_nomads:_Unaffordable_rent_in
the_US_forces_thousands_into_a_mobile_lifestyle⠀⇛
Homelessness in the United States is becoming an
increasingly pressing issue. According to the
National Alliance to End Homelessness, the number
has risen by 35% since 2015, totaling almost
600,000 people across the country. Of these, 28%
are complete families. Housing First is a
bipartisan policy that offers permanent housing as
quickly as possible to homeless people. But the 20-
year-old policy has come under fire as the 2024
elections approach. Democrats have implemented
stricter policies to tackle the issue of
homelessness in cities like San Francisco and Los
Angeles. Meanwhile, Republicans aligned with Trump
perceive these measures as exacerbating the
problem. Republican Senator JD Vance from Ohio
(author of the acclaimed memoir Hillbilly Elegy)
says taxpayers are frustrated by programs that
paradoxically lead to even more homelessness.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Amazon ☛ New_–_AWS_Public_IPv4_Address_Charge_+_Public_IP
Insights⠀⇛
We are introducing a new charge for public IPv4
addresses. Effective February 1, 2024 there will be
a charge of $0.005 per IP per hour for all public
IPv4 addresses, whether attached to a service or
not (there is already a charge for public IPv4
addresses you allocate in your account but don’t
attach to an EC2 instance).
o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
# ⚓ Vivaldi ☛ Unpacking_Google’s_new_“dangerous”_Web-
Environment-Integrity_specification⠀⇛
The spec in question, which is described at https:/
/github.com/RupertBenWiser/Web-Environment-
Integrity/blob/main/explainer.md, is called Web
Environment Integrity. The idea of it is as simple
as it is dangerous. It would provide websites with
an API telling them whether the browser and the
platform it is running on that is currently in use
is trusted by an authoritative third party (called
an attester). The details are nebulous, but the
goal seems to be to prevent “fake” interactions
with websites of all kinds. While this seems like a
noble motivation, and the use cases listed seem
very reasonable, the solution proposed is
absolutely terrible and has already been equated
with DRM for websites, with all that it implies.
It is also interesting to note that the first use
case listed is about ensuring that interactions
with ads are genuine. While this is not problematic
on the surface, it certainly hints at the idea that
Google is willing to use any means of bolstering
its advertising platform, regardless of the
potential harm to the users of the web.
Despite the text mentioning the incredible risk of
excluding vendors (read, other browsers), it only
makes a lukewarm attempt at addressing the issue
and ends up without any real solution.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Google’s_browser_security_plan_slammed_as
dangerous,_terrible,_DRM_for_websites⠀⇛
Google’s Web Environment Integrity (WEI) proposal,
according to one of the developers working on the
controversial fraud fighting project, aims to make
the web “more private and safe.”
Ben Wiser, a software engineer at the Chocolate
Factory, responded on Wednesday to serious concerns
about the proposal by insisting that WEI aims to
address online fraud and abuse without the privacy
harms enabled by browser fingerprinting and cross-
site tracking.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Google_trying_to_corner_browser_market,_Norwegian
firm_Vivaldi_claims⠀⇛
Norwegian firm Vivaldi, which produces a browser of
the same name, has criticised Google for releasing
a specification known as Web Environment Integrity
which it claims would be toxic to the Web at large.
# ⚓ FSF ☛ “Web_Environment_Integrity”_is_an_all-out_attack_on
the_free_Internet⠀⇛
Read why “Web Environment Integrity” is terrible,
and why we must vocally oppose it now. Google’s
latest maneuver, if we don’t act to stop it,
threatens our freedom to explore the Internet with
browsers of our choice.
Editorial note: For greater visibility, this
article has been published here, on fsf.org. You
can also find it on defectivebydesign.org, which
also has other DRM-related articles and materials.
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# ⚓ Variety ☛ Microsoft_Under_EU_Investigation_on_Possible
Breach_of_Competition_Rules_Over_Teams_After_Slack
Complaint⠀⇛
The investigation stems from a 2020 complaint
submitted by Slack Technologies, which operates
instant messaging program Slack, alleging that
Microsoft illegally tied Teams to its dominant
productivity suites.
Microsoft includes Teams in cloud-based
productivity suites for business customers – Office
365 and Microsoft 365.
# ⚓ [Repeat] IT Wire ☛ Europe_opens_probe_into_Microsoft
bundling_of_Teams_with_Office⠀⇛
“We must therefore ensure that the markets for
these products remain competitive, and companies
are free to choose the products that best meet
their needs. This is why we are investigating
whether Microsoft’s tying of its productivity
suites with Teams may be in breach of EU
competition rules.”
The EC statement said: “The commission is concerned
that Microsoft may be abusing and defending its
market position in productivity software by
restricting competition in the European Economic
Area for communication and collaboration products,”
the statement said.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ It’s_official:_EU_probing_bundling_of
Teams_with_Microsoft_365⠀⇛
Updated The European Commission has officially
launched a “formal investigation” into whether
Microsoft flouted EU competition rules by bundling
Teams with dominant productivity software suite
Office 365 and Microsoft 365.
It’s been a long time in the making: Teams was
integrated into the Windows-maker’s software line-
up in 2017, and Slack complained to the EU in 2020
that the move was anti-competitive as it forced the
install on millions of customers, removal was
blocked, and the true cost of the collaboration app
was hidden.
# ⚓ Computer World ☛ Microsoft_faces_EU_antitrust_probe_for
bundling_Teams_with_M365⠀⇛
Microsoft is facing an antitrust probe in Europe
for bundling Teams with Microsoft 365.
The European Commission — the executive arm of the
European Union that governs regulations for its 27
member nations — said it is looking into a
complaint that claimed Microsoft’s bundling of
Teams with Office 365 was unfair.
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ That_Which_Copyright_Destroys,_‘Pirates’
Can_Save⠀⇛
There’s an interesting post on TorrentFreak
that concerns so-called “pirate” subtitles
for films. It’s absurd that anyone could
consider subtitles to be piracy in any way.
They are a good example of how ordinary
people can add value by generously helping
others enjoy films and TV programs in
languages they don’t understand. In no sense
do “pirate” subtitles “steal” from those
films and programs, they manifestly enhance
them. And yet the ownership-obsessed
copyright world actively pursues people who
dare to spread joy in this way. In discussing
these subtitles, TorrentFreak mentions a site
that I’ve not heard of before, Karagarga:
[...]
# ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Italian_Pirate_IPTV_Customers_Risk_a
5,000_Euro_Fine_Starting_August_8,_2023⠀⇛
Italy’s brand new anti-piracy law has just
received full approval from telecoms
regulator AGCOM. In a statement issued
Thursday, AGCOM noted its position “at the
forefront of the European scene in combating
online piracy.” The new law comes into force
on August 8 and authorizes nationwide ISP
blocking of live events and enables the state
to issue fines of up to 5,000 euros to users
of pirate streams .
# ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Sci-Hub’s_Alexandra_Elbakyan_Receives
EFF_Award_for_Providing_Access_to_Scientific
Knowledge⠀⇛
The Electronic Frontier Foundation will award
Alexandra Elbakyan, founder of the ‘pirate’
library Sci-Hub, for her efforts to provide
access to scientific knowledge. According to
EFF, Elbakyan’s site is a vital resource for
millions of students and researchers. Some
medical professionals have even argued that
the site helped to save lives.
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