𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, July 15, 2023
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Generated Sun 16 Jul 02:43:08 BST 2023
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈
Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕
Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/15/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
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QmT4urppYGV6wtQk91Ds3deT7SsQ3AKuYf3VN37VvNk2qR
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╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ Linux in India: Almost 80% of the Market | Techrights
⦿ TikTok Still Encouraging and Rewarding Deadly Behaviour, But Beware the Straw Men | Techrights
⦿ FSFE: We Take Lots of Money From Google, But Let’s Talk About the World After YouTube | Techrights
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, July 14, 2023 | Techrights
⦿ Microsoft RHEL | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/android-linux-india/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/ap-tiktok/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/fsfe-hypocrisy/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/irc-log-140723/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/microsoft-rhel/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/akademy-2023/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/diffoscope-244/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/immutable-linux-systems/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/jekyll-gemini-and-generators/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/opencv-4-8-0/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 63
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/android-linux-india/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/15/android-linux-india/
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✐ Linux_in_India:_Almost_80%_of_the_Market⠀✐
Posted in Asia, GNU/Linux, Google at 7:17 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
As_per_this_month’s_data (as_OpenDocument_format)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Android_and_GNU/Linux_in_India⦈_
Summary: Combining the market share of Android and GNU/Linux in India, we’re
seeing Windows falling to almost 10% while Apple makes almost no gains; the
world’s largest population adopts Linux
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/ap-tiktok/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/15/ap-tiktok/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ TikTok_Still_Encouraging_and_Rewarding_Deadly_Behaviour,_But_Beware_the_Straw
Men⠀✐
Posted in Deception at 6:31 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇FACT_FOCUS:_A_Story_About_a_Deadly_TikTok_Boat-Jumping
Challenge_Went_Viral._Then_It_Fell_Apart⦈_
Just because it’s false doesn’t mean TikTok never promotes harming oneself and
one’s surroundings.
Summary: The media continues to shill or promote TikTok; the problem is, some
of the criticisms are phony and this serves to distract from what_TikTok_truly
is
THE weekly articles about TikTok focus on some of the things that aren’t in
Daily Links but still merit a mention. Social control media is, in general, a
bad thing. Linus Torvalds called it a “disease” about a decade ago and his
remarked aged fairly well (albeit he too had used Google+ until the platform
died).
There are already reports that the “FOMO” effect at Facebook’s ‘Twitter killer’
is dying down. Facebook’s founder said_it_best; don’t be his “dumb fucks”…
“More than enough harm has been done already; those platforms aren’t tools for
activism but for “herding” populations in a top-down fashion.”But what about
TikTok? This platform is exceptionally bad for reasons that we covered before.
Its more political aspects are explored in [1-2], the “useful idiots” are noted
in [3-4] (guess who funds this lawsuit), TikTok still promotes harm [5-7] and
worse are the straw men (misinformation [8-9]), which ‘addicts’ are still in
denial about [10], with some attempting to copy/replicate [11] this “success”.
The problem isn’t misinformation about TikTok but misinformation being promoted
and spread widely by TikTok. And sure, TikTok isn’t alone in doing that. But
what makes TikTok unique isn’t its nationality but the_controlling_entity,
ByteDance.
Society ought to collectively reject such platforms (bans_and_boycotts can
become obsolete if people just choose anything else). More than enough harm has
been done already; those platforms aren’t tools for activism but for “herding”
populations in a top-down fashion. They lessen society’s ability to think
freely and organise. █
Related/contextual items from the news:
Political_Comedy_with_James_Rehwald⠀⇛
Emiratis_in_Dubai_Shows_Limits_on_Freedoms⠀⇛
Amendment⠀⇛
‘unconstitutional’_TikTok_ban⠀⇛
Yanked,_Thank_God⠀⇛
From_Practicing_Medicine_in_Ohio⠀⇛
TikTok⠀⇛
Challenge_Went_Viral._Then_It_Fell_Apart⠀⇛
filter:_‘You_can_afford_to_fix_it’⠀⇛
threat⠀⇛
user_base⠀⇛
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⡇⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣦⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠏⠙⠈⠉⠀⠉⠙⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠩⠂⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡾⠟⠻⢆⣀⠀⠀⠈⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠵⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠟⠋⠀⣠⣴⠦⣉⣴⡶⠀⠀⠑⠩⣟⣻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣻⣽⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⢛⣡⣾⢿⣷⠶⠦⠄⢀⣠⡀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠲⠷⠾⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⢷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⣶⡿⠋⢀⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⣿⣟⠉⠉⣻⣷⠀⢀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⠿⠟⢋⣴⣿⣟⣁⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⠛⢻⣿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢀⣤⣴⡆⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 281
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/fsfe-hypocrisy/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/15/fsfe-hypocrisy/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ FSFE:_We_Take_Lots_of_Money_From_Google,_But_Let’s_Talk_About_the_World_After
YouTube⠀✐
Posted in Deception, Google at 6:51 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
While silencing_our_critics like a bunch of nazis fascists
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_world_after_Facebook,_Twitter_and_YouTube._A_new
generation_of_the_Internet?⦈_
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Google_Gold_sponsor_of_FSFE⦈_
Ironically, the FSFE’s always-biggest sponsor is the YouTube company
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Google_Gold_sponsor_of_FSFE_in_2021⦈_
Summary: Failing to see one’s own hypocrisy is a required job skill at the FSFE
(it's_not_even_supposed_to_be_called_that)
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣼⣏⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣂⣿⣺⣿⣿⣏⣽⣟⣿⣍⣻⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣗⣹⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠡⠃⠦⠲⠀⠖⠖⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡿⠇⠶⣿⠿⢿⡿⠇⠶⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⣸⣿⡇⣿⣇⠲⠦⣿⡇⣿⠁⠚⠂⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣟⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣟⣿⣿⣙⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣩⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣍⣛⣃⣼⣇⣿⣌⣛⣋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣯⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⡇⣿⢸⢹⢙⣙⣿⡹⡝⢹⢹⢝⢩⡇⢫⡇⣿⡏⡋⡇⣿⢸⢙⣙⢩⣿⡇⣛⣏⡋⡏⣯⡏⣋⡇⡯⡏⣯⠙⣽⢹⠈⣿⣿⣿⢸⣏⢏⠋⡏⡇⣧⣼⢙⣹⢹⣿⢝⣹⢩⡏⢫⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣭⡛⡻⠷⣿⣾⢾⣷⠾⠿⣷⣷⢿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⢿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣿⡶⣿⣾⣮⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⠾⣷⣷⢾⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣿⣷⢉⡖⣤⢀⢀⢙⡇⣿⢹⣿⢨⡍⢋⣉⣿⣿⡏⠎⣿⡏⣭⠙⣉⣩⠋⠹⣽⡏⣭⠙⣉⣹⣭⣿⢉⣹⢩⢍⣹⣭⡏⢯⡍⡏⣭⣿⡏⣭⢫⢸⣿⢨⢨⡍⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣒⣼⣶⣾⣿⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⡏⣭⢫⣽⠩⢹⢩⢩⡝⠯⠝⡅⣵⢂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣧⣿⣾⣽⣮⣾⣼⣾⣧⣷⣵⣷⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⢿⣿⣻⣻⢛⢻⡻⣿⡟⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⣷⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣇⣟⣌⣁⣀⣯⣪⣋⣿⣉⣤⣀⣌⣪⣪⣘⣈⣀⣠⣏⣱⣿⣒⣁⣭⣪⢊⣉⣉⣏⣨⣾⣇⣈⡁⣠⣃⣭⣉⣀⣅⣱⣗⣐⣸⣌⣪⣇⣀⣉⣙⣈⣉⣉⣇⣳⣁⣹⣈⣀⣅⣯⣪⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠙⠛⠛⠛⢛⣟⠛⠉⠛⢛⠛⣟⢻⡛⠛⠙⠋⡟⠛⢛⢛⠻⠛⡟⠋⠛⢙⡝⠛⢛⡛⢻⡏⠛⡟⠛⠛⣻⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⡻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⢻⡟⠛⡻⣻⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠐⠻⠃⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡴⠒⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⠈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡊⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠉⠸⠒⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠋⠀⠀⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⢈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠔⠂⢂⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⣴⣿⡆⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢰⣿⣿⣿⡆⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠂⠱⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠟⣗⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠆⠀⠝⡠⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠰⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠛⠥⠀⢂⢦⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣡⣡⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⡀⣦⣅⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⡂⢀⡟⢟⢟⡟⠛⠛⡛⣿⡻⡛⢛⢿⣻⠛⡛⣟⣿⢛⡛⠛⣻⡟⠛⣛⡛⡟⡛⢟⡻⡟⠟⢻⣟⢻⡛⢟⣟⠛⢻⣻⠟⠛⢟⠛⠛⡛⡟⢛⣻⢻⠛⣻⡛⡛⠛⠿⡿⠛⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣜⡿⡿⢿⠻⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠟⡿⡟⡟⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠟⡟⠻⠿⣿⢻⠟⠿⢿⡛⠟⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⢻⠻⣿⡿⢿⢿⡿⡟⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠷⠷⢿⢶⠾⠾⡶⢾⢾⠿⠶⠶⡶⡶⡶⡶⡿⠶⣶⣷⠶⢶⢾⠷⢷⣷⠶⢷⢾⠶⠷⢷⠶⢿⣾⠶⢶⠾⡿⡶⡶⡿⠶⠶⢷⠷⢾⣿⠾⠿⢷⡾⠶⢶⢾⡾⠷⠿⢿⠾⠷⠷⢶⢶⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢶⣶⣷⣾⣤⣷⡷⡿⣶⣿⣾⣿⢷⣿⣾⣷⡶⣶⣾⣾⡿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣶⣾⢷⣷⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣾⠷⣿⣿⣶⡿⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⡶⣿⣾⣶⣾⢿⣶⣶⡴⣷⢶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⡦⣼⣤⣾⢧⢤⣷⣥⣤⣧⣿⣭⣷⣴⣤⣼⣼⣤⣴⣵⣤⣤⣤⣴⣮⣤⣽⣯⣤⣼⣧⣼⣧⣬⣷⣮⣾⣮⣽⣤⣼⣴⣽⣥⣾⣤⣥⣿⣥⣧⣥⣯⣤⣤⣼⣦⣤⣧⣥⣤⣤⣤⣼⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣧⣴⣼⣽⣿⣮⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⠿⡟⣻⢿⢿⠛⠿⠛⠿⡿⠿⢿⢻⡿⡿⠿⠻⢿⣿⠿⡟⢻⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⢛⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⡿⡿⣻⠿⢿⡟⢻⢿⢿⠿⠻⡿⣿⠿⢻⠛⠿⢿⢻⡿⠻⢿⡿⣻⠟⠿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠿⡷⠷⣿⡾⡾⠶⠶⡶⡶⡷⢾⡾⠿⠾⡶⢶⢶⡶⡷⠾⠷⣶⡿⠾⢾⢶⣷⠿⢾⠶⠶⠿⡾⢾⢾⡶⠿⡶⡿⡷⡷⡶⢶⡷⢶⠶⠾⣿⠶⢾⢶⠶⠿⢾⣷⠶⡾⡾⣿⡷⢶⢷⡶⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⢿⣷⣦⣾⣿⡶⢶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⡿⣶⣶⣶⢿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣾⢿⡾⢶⣴⣾⣾⡶⣶⣿⢿⢷⣷⢿⣿⣾⢷⡷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣽⣧⣼⣤⣬⣼⣧⣥⣤⣼⣽⣤⣿⣵⣥⣤⣬⣥⣼⣴⣥⣤⣤⣿⣮⣤⣽⣥⣧⣤⣧⣤⣯⣽⣧⣬⣤⣤⣧⣴⣬⣤⣤⣦⣬⣯⣿⣯⣦⣤⣷⣽⣼⣯⣦⣤⣤⣬⣾⣯⣧⣼⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣵⣤⣼⣶⣯⣦⣤⣽⣵⣦⣤⣵⣥⣮⣾⣶⣵⣤⣴⣿⣤⣾⣶⣴⣿⣧⣽⣧⣤⣧⣴⣤⣷⣾⣤⣵⣤⣷⣵⣴⣯⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⢿⠻⠿⡿⠿⠻⢿⣿⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣻⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠻⡿⠿⢻⡿⡿⠟⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠟⡿⣟⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢷⠾⡶⢶⡾⢶⢶⠷⢧⢶⡷⡾⠷⠷⠶⣶⠶⣶⠾⠷⡶⣾⣾⣿⣶⡷⣶⡾⠶⡶⠶⢶⡶⣾⢾⠶⠶⢾⠷⡶⡶⠶⡶⡶⠶⢿⢶⠿⣷⣾⠶⣾⢶⡶⠶⡶⠮⡿⠶⡾⢿⡷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢾⣷⠵⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⡶⣿⣾⣾⡾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⡿⣶⣿⣾⠶⣶⣷⣷⡷⣷⣷⣶⡶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⢶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⢶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⢶⣶⣷⢿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣵⣤⣤⣼⣿⣮⣿⣷⣤⣧⣤⣤⣯⣤⣿⣧⣤⣥⣵⣼⣤⣤⣿⣤⣤⣤⣧⣽⣤⣧⣼⣯⣇⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣽⣷⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣥⣤⣥⣤⣼⣵⣤⣶⣬⣤⣬⣧⣴⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣤⣼⣦⣽⣼⣬⣦⣧⣽⣮⣤⣴⣭⣼⣦⣾⣵⣧⣵⣵⣤⣷⣹⣧⣷⣼⣬⣼⣭⣥⣤⣦⣷⣵⣠⣼⣦⣬⣿⣤⣼⣼⣯⣽⣤⣼⣤⣥⣇⣤⣥⣼⣾⣮⣤⣿⣧⣭⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣍⣁⣙⣍⣉⣉⣝⣉⣹⣹⣉⣉⣙⣏⣈⣹⣉⢉⣩⣏⣿⣍⣉⣟⣵⣟⣭⣍⣻⣉⣉⣉⣻⣝⣉⣹⣋⣉⣁⣟⣯⣹⣈⣉⣍⣻⣍⣹⣉⣸⣽⣯⣉⣭⣍⣁⢉⣹⣋⣈⣉⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣫⣫⣹⣭⣯⣍⣉⣯⣫⣏⣫⣫⣉⣻⣩⣫⣙⣛⣍⣉⣙⣏⣹⣙⣽⣋⣉⣻⣝⣉⣉⣫⣫⣿⣹⣝⣭⣫⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣤⣧⣦⣤⣤⣼⣤⣴⣧⣤⣼⣦⣤⣤⣧⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣦⣷⣼⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣼⣿⣼⣿⣤⣼⣴⣯⣤⣄⣤⣧⣤⣤⣯⣿⣤⣦⣼⣤⣄⣠⣽⣿⣥⣤⣤⣼⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣮⣥⣮⣵⣿⣴⣬⣽⣵⣭⣴⣷⣮⣮⣭⣵⣦⣷⣺⣦⣮⣿⣎⣮⣡⣣⣽⣷⣧⣤⣭⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡻⠿⠿⠿⢻⠿⡿⠟⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢻⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣵⣶⣴⣷⣼⣮⣧⣴⣦⣧⣾⣤⣼⣮⣼⣴⣴⣤⣼⣼⣥⣦⣧⣴⣽⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⡙⣿⠻⡏⠍⣟⢍⠹⠍⠉⠭⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡝⠛⢛⣿⠛⢙⠛⠙⣿⡟⣏⡟⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⡟⢟⠟⣻⠛⠟⡻⣻⠟⠿⣿⢿⢿⠻⠿⡟⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡟⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠛⠿⠿⣿⠿⢟⠟⣿⣛⠿⡿⠻⠿⡿⠟⠿⠟⡿⣟⠛⠻⣻⢿⣟⢟⢟⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡷⣾⠾⠿⠶⣾⢟⡷⠿⠶⠷⠶⢷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣶⣧⣴⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⡶⢶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣦⣦⣿⣧⣦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣴⣆⡈⢊⣈⣈⣆⣀⣴⣁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣟⡿⠛⢻⢿⣻⣻⣟⢟⢿⠛⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠟⢿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⢿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡷⠷⢶⢾⠿⣿⡾⢷⣷⣾⡶⢶⡶⣶⢷⡶⢾⠷⣶⡶⣿⠷⣶⣷⢶⢿⡶⣶⣶⡶⣾⡦⣶⡶⣶⠶⡧⡽⢿⢿⢿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⡿⡿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣷⡶⣶⠶⠿⣿⣶⢾⣶⣶⣶⡦⣿⡿⢾⣶⣾⣾⡾⡿⣶⣶⣷⣧⣶⣾⣿⣾⡮⣶⣶⢼⣶⣾⣿⡶⣿⣶⣵⠶⡾⡶⣤⣾⠾⢶⣶⣶⣶⡿⣿⡶⢿⠶⡶⣯⣾⡧⣴⣶⣷⣷⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣤⣤⣼⣴⣶⣥⣼⣤⣧⣤⣴⣷⣤⣤⣮⣤⣦⣯⣿⣯⣮⣴⣦⣦⣤⣼⣥⣤⣶⣤⣤⣮⣤⣤⣤⣴⣭⣼⣿⣼⣥⣤⣤⣽⣬⣤⣤⣯⣤⣤⣤⣾⣾⣣⣦⣼⣷⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣥⣤⣼⣵⣨⣭⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣍⣉⣁⣹⣤⣩⣏⣋⣉⣉⣞⣏⣹⣟⣏⣩⣉⣨⣹⣍⣉⣏⣁⣏⣝⣉⣉⣉⣜⣋⣉⣜⣉⣉⣼⣋⣉⣍⣉⣉⣉⣰⣋⣉⣜⣉⣭⣙⣉⣩⣻⣿⣘⣋⣝⣈⣉⣍⣏⣇⣍⣉⣩⣏⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣫⣫⣋⣙⣋⣝⣽⣩⣟⣍⣛⣹⣝⣉⣹⣝⣩⣏⣉⣫⣻⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⡻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⢻⠛⠛⢹⠍⠹⠋⡟⠛⠛⢻⠙⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⡿⠛⠻⡟⠻⠿⠿⢿⠻⠿⡿⠿⡿⠻⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢟⠻⠿⠿⠻⡿⠿⠿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣼⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⢿⢿⡿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣵⣤⣼⣾⣿⣴⣯⣮⣽⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣮⣧⣴⣤⣇⣤⣴⣤⣷⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣥⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣶⣬⣦⣬⣦⣽⣧⣄⣤⣤⣾⣯⣵⣤⣾⣧⣥⣯⣦⣶⣴⣧⣤⣍⣧⣿⣾⣤⣼⣬⣿⣵⣤⣯⣵⣶⣵⣯⣤⣴⣬⣷⣴⣴⣦⣷⣮⣾⣧⣽⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣩⣉⣌⣉⣈⣩⣻⣆⣻⣢⣩⣋⣩⣕⣟⣋⣹⣩⣻⣍⣹⣯⣍⣽⣜⣻⣩⣻⣉⣟⣉⡨⣏⣙⣸⣫⣞⣋⣁⣵⣝⣋⣼⣉⣉⣸⣋⣡⣝⣟⣹⣩⣋⣋⣉⣿⣝⣉⣿⣇⢯⣊⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣫⣉⣍⣍⣽⢉⣏⣉⣍⣯⣏⣉⣹⣏⣹⣉⣟⣽⣩⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⠛⡙⠛⠙⢛⢿⠍⢿⢍⠻⠛⠛⡿⡙⠻⠻⠟⠻⠋⣻⠛⢋⡿⠛⡛⣟⠟⡛⡟⠛⢻⣻⡿⠛⣛⠟⠛⢫⢿⢛⣟⢿⢛⡿⠛⠙⠋⡻⢻⠻⣟⣟⠟⠙⡻⠛⢻⡟⡏⣛⢟⠟⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢟⠛⠛⠟⡟⡟⢛⠿⡛⡛⠻⡻⡚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠻⡿⣿⡛⣿⠛⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢻⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⡟⢿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣧⣵⣤⣤⣤⣯⣥⣤⡤⣿⣿⣴⣴⣽⣥⣤⣦⣾⣽⣿⣤⣤⣷⣦⣤⣦⣤⣧⣧⣷⣷⣥⣯⣿⣤⣤⣤⣽⣦⣵⣵⣥⣬⣧⣷⣤⣤⣷⣿⣧⣤⣤⣼⣯⣿⣯⣮⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣦⣤⣷⣦⣦⣤⣜⣷⣵⣾⣦⣤⣴⣭⣾⣼⣵⣤⣴⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣛⣻⠟⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣹⣶⣇⣀⣆⣸⣇⣺⣆⣕⣸⣇⣀⣃⢐⡅⣺⣒⣿⣖⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣍⣖⣀⣂⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠘⣬⠇⠀⠀⠁⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⣛⠛⠛⡛⣶⠞⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠏⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢻⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣛⣃⣀⣀⣉⣉⣉⣁⣀⣀⣀⣇⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⢸⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣩⣯⣯⣭⣭⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⡄⠀⠠⠀⠀⡄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠨⠀⠀⠅⠀⠠⠀⠀⠇⠀⠠⠀⠀⠇⠀⠨⠀⠀⠅⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⢾⠸⠇⣧⣾⡇⡿⢸⢰⢼⢰⣼⠱⠎⢠⡆⡂⣿⡷⣣⡇⡷⡷⢋⣶⢏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡟⡉⠛⡟⢛⠛⢿⠛⢹⡏⠛⢻⠙⢻⠙⡛⠛⡛⢻⠛⡛⠛⢛⡛⠛⠛⢻⠛⣛⠛⢻⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⡟⠛⠛⣛⠛⠛⢛⠻⣯⠛⠛⠟⣻⠛⠛⣛⢛⠉⠛⠋⠙⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⡟⡛⠛⢿⣛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠟⠿⢷⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠻⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠻⢿⣟⠟⠿⠻⠛⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⡶⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶⢷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⢶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣧⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣦⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⡶⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣇⣎⣺⣠⣪⣀⣆⣂⣠⣆⣢⣈⣷⣄⣀⣀⣰⣸⣀⣿⣉⣰⣦⣇⣠⣄⣴⣰⣇⣴⣮⣈⣸⣔⣔⣰⣖⣾⣢⣃⣂⣀⣀⣇⣨⣧⣶⣗⣔⣴⣖⣀⣶⣺⣏⣳⣲⣅⣵⣗⣈⣐⣀⣐⣵⣹⣀⣀⣀⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡟⡩⡻⣯⡯⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠍⢹⣉⣩⢭⢹⠝⠏⢹⠋⠉⠫⢩⠋⠫⢩⢩⡫⣿⢽⡍⠫⣫⣟⢽⢹⡫⢩⣯⠙⣭⠉⠋⡍⡏⢯⠫⢫⠙⣩⡍⠝⠏⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⢛⢛⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡻⡻⡻⣿⣿⣿⣟⢛⠛⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⡛⢛⢟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡻⡻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⡛⢟⢟⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡻⡻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⣐⣆⣕⣿⣿⣿⣗⣰⣲⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣇⣒⣰⣗⣸⣿⣿⣿⣂⣐⣇⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣐⣢⣸⣬⣿⣿⣿⣗⣀⣰⣗⣸⣿⣿⣿⣂⣐⣇⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣢⣾⣰⣿⣿⣿⣗⣀⣰⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢍⠩⡏⡋⣿⣿⣿⣿⢝⡝⢝⠝⣿⣿⣿⡯⡉⠩⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⠩⡏⡍⣿⡇⣿⣿⢝⡝⢝⡙⣿⣿⣿⡏⡟⠛⠋⣯⡯⣹⠛⠛⠛⣛⢛⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡟⡭⠻⡛⡏⢟⢻⣿⣭⠻⢛⠟⡛⣟⡻⢛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣶⣥⣧⣮⣼⣿⣭⣶⣬⣦⣧⣯⣵⣼⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣟⠻⡻⢟⡟⡻⡛⡻⡻⡛⢿⡻⠛⠿⢻⢟⢟⢟⠟⢛⠻⣻⡟⣟⢛⢛⢻⠛⣿⠛⢻⡛⢻⢛⡻⡻⡛⢿⡻⠻⣻⡛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣿⠛⢻⡛⡛⡟⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⢛⣻⢟⢟⣟⠛⠛⠻⢻⠛⢻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⡶⡾⣷⡷⠾⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣷⡶⣾⣾⢶⣶⣿⢶⡷⡾⡾⣷⡷⢷⣷⢿⣶⢾⢶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣾⡷⢾⣾⣶⡿⠷⠶⢶⡶⣾⡾⡶⣾⣷⣶⣶⢶⣶⣾⡶⠶⠾⢾⡷⡿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⡶⡾⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣇⣦⣤⣼⣧⣥⣤⣦⣤⣤⣼⣤⣦⣤⣼⣤⣤⣴⣼⣯⣬⣼⣯⣧⣥⣥⣤⣤⣼⣤⣥⣿⣿⣯⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣽⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣯⣯⣤⣧⣯⣭⣬⣼⣬⣿⣯⣬⣴⣇⣦⣤⣼⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣏⣙⣉⡈⢉⣁⣏⣉⣉⣏⣩⣉⣿⣉⣉⣹⣭⣁⣀⣽⣉⣿⣿⣆⣮⣉⣩⣉⣏⣩⣉⣯⣉⣹⣁⣉⣉⣉⣀⣉⣩⣉⣏⣁⣗⣈⣲⣈⣏⣉⣏⣭⣙⣹⣉⣏⣡⣏⣉⣉⡯⣍⣉⣩⡈⣽⣉⣻⣹⠉⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢉⣠⣤⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢾⣿⣉⡉⠉⠉⣠⡄⠹⠉⣠⡄⠹⠁⣠⡄⢸⠀⠋⠠⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣈⠙⠋⢁⣼⣀⠙⢁⣰⣄⠙⢃⣰⣄⠙⠁⢸⠀⣄⠐⠋⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣉⣁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠠⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀
⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒
⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠄⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀
⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀
⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠀
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤
⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠷⡇⡿⡇⣾⡇⡿⢺⠰⢌⢰⣼⠱⠌⢰⡇⡂⣿⠞⣹⠸⠇⠞⣱⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⡉⢹⠛⡫⠹⠉⢹⢩⡛⢹⠙⢽⠉⡝⠉⠉⢽⠉⠛⠉⡉⠉⠉⠉⡟⠋⡝⢽⠉⠉⠉⠙⠝⠉⠋⡏⠉⠉⡟⣉⢝⣝⢽⡝⡫⡻⢩⡫⠫⢩⠙⣽⢝⢯⢝⠍⡝⢹⠙⠹⡟⠫⠉⠉⠉⠋⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⡻⡻⡻⡛⠿⢻⠻⢻⠻⠻⠻⠻⠻⡻⣻⡛⠟⡿⠟⡾⠛⠛⡟⠛⠻⠛⣻⡻⣻⠺⠚⠛⠛⢿⣟⠛⢛⣛⢛⢿⣛⠻⣻⡟⢻⠛⠛⠟⢛⣻⠻⠻⠛⠛⠟⠻⣟⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⢷⢶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣾⣶⠾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⢶⣾⣷⣶⡴⣴⣶⢾⡾⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣬⣧⣬⣦⣼⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣷⣦⣤⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣷⣼⣤⣴⣤⣇⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣯⣬⣼⣯⣿⣵⣽⣥⣵⣿⣧⣼⣴⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣬⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣇⣬⣤⣼⣬⣔⣾⣤⣧⣵⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⣫⣻⣿⣋⣋⣟⣹⣋⣋⣿⣭⣵⣫⣹⣋⣻⣿⣉⣫⣋⣟⣉⣉⣎⡍⢹⠉⣉⡉⣁⣁⣉⣹⣙⣹⣿⣉⣿⣉⣋⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⢩⣿⣟⣙⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⡉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢝⠝⠝⢝⣿⣿⣿⡯⢯⢫⢏⣿⣿⣿⡿⡉⠉⠙⢹⣿⣿⣿⢍⠙⠙⠉⣿⣿⣿⡯⣫⢫⢋⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠝⢭⣹⣿⣿⣿⢍⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⡯⡫⠫⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣼⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣬⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣯⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣼⣴⣼⣿⣿⣿⣬⣴⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣧⣯⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣽⣴⣽⣿⣿⣿⣬⣤⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣦⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣀⣰⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣐⣂⣐⣢⣿⣿⣿⣇⣓⣆⣇⣿⡇⣿⣗⣀⣐⣐⣸⣿⣿⣿⣂⣂⣂⣀⣿⣿⣿⣟⣃⣃⣸⣆⣂⣏⣁⣉⣉⣀⣌⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⠄⠱⢹⡏⠆⣿⠸⢺⠱⠁⡆⡧⢌⢰⠕⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣁⣈⣸⣀⣈⣈⣈⣈⣹⣌⣈⣉⣸⣁⣉⣀⣈⣈⣁⣸⣾⣂⣂⣂⣇⣘⣷⣪⣗⣱⣷⣮⣪⣆⣹⣪⣈⣾⣶⣑⣱⣖⣞⣏⣀⣷⣐⣘⣂⣂⣂⣇⣚⣱⣊⣗⣵⣷⣌⣊⣆⣹⣷⣏⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⠛⠛⢿⠩⠻⢻⠻⢻⢻⣛⡋⠛⢻⡿⢛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡛⠟⠉⠻⠋⠛⠋⣯⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⡏⠙⠛⠛⣯⡯⠩⢹⠙⠛⢹⠙⠛⠛⣿⢿⠟⢻⡯⠉⢩⠹⡿⣯⡿⡻⢻⡟⠛⠛⠋⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠺⡿⠟⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⢛⡿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣟⡟⣟⡛⢻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠷⡟⠿⠿⠺⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣯⣷⣶⣾⣧⣷⣶⣶⣦⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡶⠒⠒⠒⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢠⣾⡿⠷⠿⡿⠛⠛⢿⠟⠛⠛⢿⠟⠛⠛⠃⢸⠟⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡈⠻⠷⠖⢀⡀⠺⠗⢀⠀⠿⠇⢸⠀⠿⠇⠀⢨⠀⠡⠴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣄⣠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⡃⠲⠂⣴⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 510
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/irc-log-140723/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/15/irc-log-140723/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_July_14,_2023⠀✐
Posted in IRC_Logs at 3:38 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-140723.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-140723.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-140723.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-140723.gmi
Over HTTP:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
=> =============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
CID Description Object type
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈
§ Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾
Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmTMgWZM3QiAKGJJsJmho9y788jtUFsqzjZqK5nZrG55TG
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 583
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/15/microsoft-rhel/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/15/microsoft-rhel/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Microsoft_RHEL⠀✐
Posted in GNU/Linux, IBM, Microsoft, Red_Hat at 8:11 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Yesterday’s featured (sole) blog post:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Automate_configuration_of_Active_Directory_authentication
for_Microsoft_SQL_Server_running_on_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux⦈_
Novell, is that you?
Summary: Red Hat got_tired_of_opensource.com, but not of Microsoft’s
proprietary software that does not even run on GNU/Linux natively!
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⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 636
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_15/07/2023:_LabPlot_2.10.1_and_Akademy_2023⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 5:34 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Instructionals/Technical
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Devices/Embedded
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
# Mozilla
o SaaS/Back_End/Databases
o Content_Management_Systems_(CMS)
o Programming/Development
# Python
# Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Real Linux User ☛ What_if_productivity_influencer_Ali
Abdaal_wants_to_be_a_Linux_user_–_Is_Linux_usable_for_macOS
users⠀⇛
Many of you may be wondering who Ali Abdaal is.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Log_POST_Request_Data_in_Apache⠀⇛
Apache HTTP server, one of the most widely used web
servers globally, is admired for its robustness,
simplicity, and flexibility. It allows for
comprehensive logging of different types of HTTP
requests, which is crucial for maintaining website
performance, security, and debugging issues.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Install_GPart_on_Ubuntu_&_Debian⠀⇛
In this article, we’ll walk through the steps of
installing and using GPart on Ubuntu and Debian
systems. The GPart tool, short for Guess PC-type
hard disk partitions, is a useful utility that can
help recover lost partition tables on a disk drive.
It’s especially helpful in disaster recovery
situations.
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ How_to_Install_Anaconda_in_Ubuntu_or_Debian⠀⇛
A simple tutorial to install the Anaconda package
in Ubuntu or in Debian Linux. Anaconda is an
essential platform for handling data science and
machine learning workflows. With over 7500
scientific packages, it’s the ideal solution for
processing large-scale data, predictive analysis,
and scientific computing.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Using_Rsync_for_Effective_Data_Backup:_A_Step-
by-step_Guide⠀⇛
Backing up data is a vital part of maintaining
digital information, and rsync is a powerful tool
in any system administrator’s arsenal.
# ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ 5_ways_to_delete_symbolic_links_in_Linux⠀⇛
In the Linux world, symbolic links (also known as
symlinks or soft links) are a powerful tool for
creating shortcuts to files and directories.
However, there may be instances where you need to
remove these symbolic links, whether it’s to clean
up outdated links, mitigate a security risk, or
reorganize your file system.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Python_on_Pop!_OS⠀⇛
Python, a versatile and powerful programming
language, has secured a prominent position in the
technology realm due to its distinctive
characteristics: Python’s potential extends across
various domains, from machine learning to
cybersecurity. However, harnessing its power
requires understanding how to set up the Python
environment on one’s operating system.
# ⚓ How_to_Enable_Mod_headers_on_Apache_in_Ubuntu_22.04:_A
Step-by-Step_Guide⠀⇛
mod_headers is a powerful Apache module that allows
you to manipulate HTTP headers in various ways. By
enabling mod_headers on your Apache server in
Ubuntu 22, you can customize headers, add or remove
headers, and control how your server interacts with
clients.
# ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_monitor_your_website_or_server_uptime
with_New_Relic⠀⇛
In this tutorial, you will learn how to setup
Synthetic monitor on new relic. Synthetic monitor
is a service offered by New relic, that you can use
to monitor your server or application.
# ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_FossBilling_with_Nginx_on
Rocky_Linux_9⠀⇛
FOSSBilling is a fork of BoxBilling, it provides a
great experience for clients with an intuitive
interface and also supports multiple payment
gateways. I will install FOSSBilling on a Rocky
Linux 9 server in this guide.
# ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_create_form_assignments_in_Moodle_with
the_integrated_ONLYOFFICE_Docs⠀⇛
Moodle is an open-source e-learning management
system written in PHP and distributed under GNU
GPL. ONLYOFFICE integration into Moodle allows
working with office documents directly within the
course structure. In this tutorial, we’ll learn how
to create form submissions in Moodle assignments
using the integrated ONLYOFFICE Docs.
# ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_Ruby_on_Rails_with_PostgreSQL
on_AlmaLinux_9⠀⇛
Ruby on Rails or RoR or Rails is a free and open-
source web application framework written in Ruby
with the MIT License. It is a full-stack web
framework that uses the model-view-controller (MVC)
pattern.
# ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_OpenEMR_on_Rocky_Linux_9⠀⇛
OpenEMR is an open-source electronic health record
and medical practice management tool. It is Office
of the National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology (ONC) certified and features integrated
health records, practice management, scheduling,
electronic billing, internationalization, free
support, and more.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_GitLab_on_Debian_12/11/10⠀⇛
GitLab is a web-based Git repository management
tool that provides a complete DevOps platform,
enabling teams to collaborate on projects easily.
It is an open-source application that offers
various features, such as continuous integration/
continuous deployment (CI/CD), version control, and
issue tracking.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_MATE_Desktop_on_Debian_12/
11/10⠀⇛
Discover MATE, a renowned desktop environment that
offers an adaptable, efficient, and user-friendly
experience on Linux platforms. Stemming from GNOME
2, MATE has evolved to stand on its own, blending
classic desktop principles with contemporary tech
elements.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Undo_Last_Git_Commit⠀⇛
Git, a robust and widely adopted version control
system, plays a pivotal role in software
development. It empowers developers to track
modifications, revert to previous versions, and
collaborate seamlessly. However, even seasoned
developers can occasionally commit unintended
changes. This comprehensive guide will explain how
to undo your last Git commit.
# ⚓ Major Hayden ☛ Deploy_a_containerized_Ghost_blog_👻⠀⇛
Ghost delivers a great self-hosted blogging
platform that deploys well in containers.
Let’s deploy it on CoreOS along with Caddy. ️📝
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Configure_Git_Username_and_Email
Address⠀⇛
Git, the widely adopted distributed version control
system, is an integral part of many software
development workflows. One of the first steps after
installing Git is to configure your Git username
and email address. This configuration is crucial as
Git associates your identity with every commit you
make.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Cinnamon_Desktop_on_Fedora_38⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Cinnamon Desktop on Fedora 38. For those of you who
didn’t know, Cinnamon stands out as a feature-rich
and visually appealing desktop environment for
Linux systems. Its intuitive interface,
customizable options, and extensive applet library
make it a top choice for many users.
# ⚓ Make Tech Easier ☛ How_to_Install_and_Configure_ownCloud
Server⠀⇛
OwnCloud is a powerful, web-based personal storage
solution for Linux. It works by converting a
standard Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP (LAMP) software
stack into an interactive web application that you
can access anywhere.
>
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_MySQL_Workbench_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
MySQL Workbench on Debian 12. MySQL Workbench is an
integrated development environment (IDE) that
provides a unified platform for database design,
development, and administration.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Kodi_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Kodi on Debian 12. Kodi, the renowned open-source
media center software, has gained immense
popularity for its ability to transform your Debian
12 Bookworm system into a versatile entertainment
hub.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Avidemux_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Avidemux on Debian 12. Video editing has become an
integral part of various professional and creative
endeavors. Whether you’re a filmmaker, content
creator, or simply someone who enjoys editing
videos, having the right tools at your disposal is
crucial.
# ⚓ LinuxStans ☛ 6_Most_Common_Linux_Logging_Issues⠀⇛
Want to learn more about Linux logging? Check out
this list of the six most common Linux logging
issues. Linux users can access Linux logs, which
serve as a timeline that maps events that have
taken place in the operating system.
# ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Change_TimeZone_on_Debian_12⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to change
TimeZone on Debian 12. For those of you who didn’t
know, Timezone configuration plays a crucial role
in ensuring accurate time representation on your
Debian 12 Bookworm system.
# ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ Your_ultimate_guide_to_creating,_listing,
exporting,_and_removing_Linux_aliases⠀⇛
The Linux command-line interface, powerful and
versatile, can sometimes seem overwhelming due to
the sheer number of commands and options available.
This is where aliases come into play, enhancing
command-line efficiency by shortening long commands
or substituting them with more intuitive versions.
An alias is a custom shortcut or abbreviation that
represents a command or a sequence of commands.
# ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ 5_ways_to_monitor_Linux_log_files_in_real-
time⠀⇛
Linux log files are a goldmine of information about
the system’s inner workings and performance. They
record various events and provide insights into the
behavior of both system and application processes.
However, extracting useful information from these
log files can be a daunting task, especially when
they grow large. Thankfully, Linux provides several
tools that allow you to monitor these log files in
real time. This means you can watch events as they
happen and detect issues early, thus enabling
proactive system management.
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ How_to_Install_Anaconda_in_Ubuntu_or_Debian⠀⇛
Anaconda is an essential platform for handling data
science and machine learning workflows. With over
7500 scientific packages, it’s the ideal solution
for processing large-scale data, predictive
analysis, and scientific computing. Anaconda takes
care of the installation of these packages and
their dependencies, saving you the hassle of doing
it yourself. Moreover, it provides an integrated
Python environment, making it the go-to choice for
anyone serious about data science and machine
learning.
In this article, you will learn how to install
Anaconda in Ubuntu or Debian Linux. It is tested on
the latest version of Debian 12 and Ubuntu Linux.
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ How_to_Install_Jupyter_Notebook_in_Debian_or
Ubuntu_Linux⠀⇛
Jupyter Notebook is a powerful web-based
interactive dev tool which allows you to create and
share live code, visualizations, and interactive
data. Its notebook format combines code and text,
making it an excellent choice for data exploration,
analysis, and collaborative projects.
In this tutorial, we will guide you through the
step-by-step process of installing Jupyter Notebook
on Ubuntu or Debian -based systems, enabling you to
harness its versatility and extend your programming
capabilities.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ LabPlot_2.10.1_released⠀⇛
Today we are announcing the availability of
the minor patch release 2.10.1. This release
contains minor improvements and bug fixes
only. The fixes are distributed over many
different areas of the application and we
recommend everybody update to this patch
release which is available from our download
page.
# ⚓ KDE’s_annual_report_for_2022_has_landed.⠀⇛
Read up on all stuff the Community did, the
events we went to, how we used the funds
generously donated by sponsors and the
public, and much more.
# ⚓ KDE Videos ☛ Akademy_2023_–_Room_1_–_7/14/2023,_12:
43:13_PM⠀⇛
Akademy is the annual world summit of KDE,
one of the largest Free Software communities
in the world. It is a free, non-commercial
event organized by the KDE Community.
# ⚓ KDE Videos ☛ Akademy_2023_–_Room_1⠀⇛
Akademy is the annual world summit of KDE,
one of the largest Free Software communities
in the world. It is a free, non-commercial
event organized by the KDE Community.
# ⚓ GSoC_’23:_Summary_of_work_done_over_first_coding
period⠀⇛
Hello and welcome back to my blog! This time
I will be reviewing the work I’ve done during
the first coding period of GSoC ’23. This
blog is written as part of my work for GSoC
’23, to detail all the work I have done.
Let’s get started!
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ HaikuOS ☛ [Haiku]_[GSoC_2023]_VPN_Support_Project_Update_#3⠀⇛
Sorry for the late blog post everyone! Personal life and
some roadblocks on the project got in the way but I am
proud to say that the driver is up and working!
§ Problems, Problems, and more Problems
I got the semaphore problem settled, but I then ran into
a problem where the data that the application on the
interface side sends a packet was then not receiving the
packet. Through some debugging I found out that the
interface, when it goes into device_consumer_thread for
getting the receive function, it fails here. Looking
deeper into when that interface->receive_funcs element
gets assigned I found the function here which I realized
is never called when I call ifconfig to set up the
interface. I ran into the solution to the problem by just
changing the type of datalink frame from loopback to an
ethernet frame that the interface will be using from now
on. That brought the packet to an interface and I started
to get a new problem of course 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Trusted_Software_Supply_Chain_with_Vincent_Danen⠀⇛
Available as a cloud service, Red Hat Trusted
Software Supply Chain provides a DevSecOps
framework to create applications more securely.
Vincent Danen is the VP of Product Security at Red
Hat and joins us in this episode.
Red Hat has been a Secure Open Source software
provider for very long. We discuss how the Red Hat
Trusted Software Supply Chain product allows
enterprises to adopt DevSecOps practices
successfully, safely consume open-source code and
third-party dependencies, and build security into
the software development life cycle.
# ⚓ Video ☛ In_The_Clouds_(E26)_|_Let’s_Chat_Generative_AI_(ft.
Michael_Ferris)⠀⇛
In this episode of In the Clouds, join your host
Stu Miniman as he has a candid conversation with
Senior Vice President of Corporate Development and
Strategy at Red Hat, Michael Ferris on all things
Cloud and AI.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ CentOS_Linux_is_going_End_of_Life,_What
does_that_mean_for_me?⠀⇛
June 30th, 2024 is a pivotal date in the world of
enterprise Linux. For almost 20 years, CentOS Linux
has been, for many, the choice for server
workloads. However, that’s about to change when
CentOS Linux 7, the last live version of the
Community ENTerprise Operating System, is going end
of life. This means the repositories will be shut
down, no new versions will be released and no new
updates will be made available.
# ⚓ Computer Weekly ☛ AI,_automation_and_edge_driving_Red_Hat
channel⠀⇛
Red Hat is looking to work closely with its channel
to co-create opportunities, particularly around
artificial intelligence (AI), automation and edge,
as it continues to build on the momentum it’s
generated with partners.
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Red_Hat’s_code_restrictions_draw_mostly
sympathetic_response_from_open-source_providers [Ed: Open
Source is not Free software, it is openwashing]⠀⇛
Over the 30 years of its existence, Red Hat Inc.
has cultivated a nice-guy image for its practice of
releasing all the fruits of its software
development efforts as open-source code for anyone
to use. But over the past three weeks that image
has taken a hit.
# ⚓ Fedora Project ☛ Fedora_Community_Blog:_CPE_Weekly_Update_–
Week_28_2023⠀⇛
This is a weekly report from the CPE (Community
Platform Engineering) Team. If you have any
questions or feedback, please respond to this
report or contact us on #redhat-cpe channel on
libera.chat.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ Experiment_with_new_tools_for_MicroPython⠀⇛
At the end of last year (November 2022) we
announced initial support for MicroPython in the
Arduino ecosystem, and continued to quietly work on
the toolkit for this language. We continuously
expand the list of Arduino boards for which a
MicroPython firmware is provided (available here).
# ⚓ peppe8o ☛ Raspberry_PI_WiFi_Hotspot_with_Android_USB
tethering⠀⇛
Connecting devices from Android WiFi Hotspots
fastly drains your smartphone’s battery and can
waste it in a few months.
# ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ low-cost_ODYSSEY_SBC_integrates_STM32_MPU⠀⇛
SeeedStudio recently featured a Single Board
Computer based on a 32-bit STM32 MPU clocked at
1.0GHz. The ODYSSEY-STM32MP135D supports multiple
operating systems and provides versatile
connectivity options including two ethernet ports
and one LCD connector.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Open-Source_LAMP_Instrument_Aimed_At_Clinicians
And_Biohackers_Alike⠀⇛
Over the last few years, we’ve all been given a
valuable lesson in both the promise and limitations
of advanced molecular biology methods for clinical
diagnostics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was
held up as the “gold standard” of COVID-19 testing,
but the cost, complexity, and need for advanced
instrumentation and operators with specialized
training made PCR difficult to scale to the levels
demanded by a pandemic.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Motorola_rolls_out_Android_13_update_for_Moto_Edge_30_Neo⠀⇛
# ⚓ Notebook Check ☛ Lenovo_Tab_M10_5G_launches_with_2K
display,_Android_13_and_“all-day”_battery_life_–
NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛
# ⚓ SamMobile ☛ One_UI_6.0_concept_claims_to_have_fixed
Samsung’s_Android_skin_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Authority ☛ 5_Android_apps_you_shouldn’t_miss_this
week_–_Android_Apps_Weekly⠀⇛
# ⚓ Sportskeeda ☛ Best_weather_apps_for_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 6_Quick_Ways_to_Speed_Up_Chrome_on_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Dev Discourse ☛ New_features_improve_media_viewing_on
Android_devices_in_Google_Chat_|_Technology⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Police ☛ How_to_connect_a_PS4_controller_to_your
Android_phone_or_tablet⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o ⚓ Medevel ☛ Eucalyptus:_Build_AWS-compatible_Clouds⠀⇛
Eucalyptus is an open-source software for building AWS-
compatible private and hybrid clouds. It offers an
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) product that allows
users to provision compute and storage resources on-
demand.
o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Phone_Thermal_Cameras_Get_Open_Source_Desktop_Tools⠀⇛
Whenever phone-based thermal cameras are brought up here
on Hackaday, we inevitably receive some comments about
how they’re a bad investment compared to a standalone
unit. Sure they might be cheaper, but what happens in a
couple years when the app stops working and the
manufacturer no longer feels like keeping it updated?
o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ An_Open-Source_Antikythera_Mechanism⠀⇛
When the Antikythera Mechanism was first discovered, it
wasn’t viewed as the wonder that we know it today.
Originally the divers who found the device and the first
scientists to look at it wrote it off as an astrolabe or
other some other common type of clock. It wasn’t until
decades later when another set of scientists x-rayed the
device and surveyed more of the shipwreck where it was
found that it began to become one of the more important
archaeological discoveries in history. There have been
plenty of attempts to recreate this device, and this
replica recreates the mechanisms of the original but is
altered so it can be built in a modern workshop.
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ Firefox_Nightly:_Full_Speed_Into_The_Future_–_These
Weeks_in_Firefox:_Issue_142⠀⇛
# ⚓ Mozilla ☛ Mozilla_Open_Policy_&_Advocacy_Blog:
European_Parliament’s_version_of_the_CRA_threatens
cybersecurity_and_open_source_development⠀⇛
Recent discussions in the European Parliament
can seriously undermine existing cyber
security practices and open source
development by setting disproportionate
obligations and strict requirements for
vendors supplying products in Europe.
o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾
# ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ Update_on_Continued_Trademark_Actions_Against
the_PostgreSQL_Community⠀⇛
The PostgreSQL_Community_Association (PGCA, aka the
PostgreSQL_Community_Association_of_Canada) wishes
to provide guidance on the use of an infringing
trademark on what is claimed to be a PostgreSQL
community event. The event in question is hosted by
Fundación PostgreSQL, which is still_defending_the
registration_of_a_trademark confusingly similar to
the PostgreSQL community’s trademark registrations.
The PostgreSQL community has guidelines on running
a “community_event,” which help organizers provide
a consistent, positive experience across all
PostgreSQL events. PostgreSQL events that follow
the community guidelines are allowed to use the
PostgreSQL_trademarks following the terms of the
PostgreSQL trademark policy.
o § Content Management Systems (CMS)⠀➾
# ⚓ WordPress ☛ WordPress_6.3_Beta_4⠀⇛
WordPress 6.3 Beta 4 is ready for download and
testing.
Testing for issues is a critical part of developing
any software, and it’s a meaningful way for anyone
to contribute—whether you have experience or not.
# ⚓ WordPress ☛ WP_Briefing:_Episode_59:_A_Polyglot’s
WordPress⠀⇛
Join WordPress Executive Director Josepha Haden
Chomphosy in the 59th episode of the WordPress
Briefing. Today she invites guest speaker Alex Kirk
to discuss Polyglots’ work to continue to help
bring translation to WordPress.
# ⚓ WordPress ☛ 6.3_Live_Product_Demo⠀⇛
Want to learn more about WordPress 6.3, planned for
release on August 8, 2023? Join the WordPress
community for a first look at 6.3 in action during
a live product demonstration.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ Junichi_Uekawa:_Spent_2_hours_migrating_my_chrome_extension
to_manifest_v3.⠀⇛
Spent 2 hours migrating my chrome extension to
manifest v3.
Two parts that didn’t make sense at first,
browser_action to action migration, and
executeScript.
First, browser_action to action manifest change
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Reviving_Interlisp_With_The_Medley_Interlisp
Project⠀⇛
Within the Artificial Intelligence and natural
language research communities, Lisp has played a
major role since 1960. Over the years since its
introduction, various development environments have
been created that sought to make using Lisp as easy
and powerful as possible. One of these environments
is Interlisp, which saw its first release in 1968,
and its last official release in 1992. That release
was Medley 2.0, which targeted various UNIX
machines, DOS 4.0, and the Xerox 1186. Courtesy of
the Interlisp open source project (GitHub), Medley
Interlisp is available for all to use, even on
modern systems.
# ⚓ Erik_Faye-Lund:_Zink_brings_conformant_OpenGL_on
Imagination_GPUs⠀⇛
Today, Imagination_Technologies announced some very
exciting news: they are now using_Zink_for_full
OpenGL_4.6_support! Collabora had the pleasure of
working together with engineers from Imagination to
make this a reality, and it’s very rewarding to now
be able show the results to the world!
More importantly, this is the first time we’ve seen
a hardware vendor trust the OpenGL-on-Vulkan Mesa
driver enough to completely side-step a native
OpenGL driver and use it in a shipping product.
It’s wonderful to see that Zink can realistically
be used as a work-horse, especially in a high-
performance graphics setting.
# § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Python_Program_to_Reverse_a_Number⠀⇛
In this article, we will discuss a Python
program to reverse a number. The Python
programming language is renowned for its
simplicity and versatility, and the task of
reversing a number is no exception.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Python_Program_to_Check_if_a_Number_is
Even_or_Odd⠀⇛
Before we get into the specifics of how to
create a Python program that checks whether a
number is odd or even, it’s essential to
understand what these terms mean.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Python_Example_to_Call_a_Function_and_Get
a_Return⠀⇛
Python, a high-level interpreted language, is
well-known for its simplicity and
readability. One of the core principles of
Python is that “There should be one– and
preferably only one –obvious way to do it.”
# ⚓ SANS ☛ DSSuite_(Didier’s_Toolbox)_Docker_Image
Update,_(Fri,_Jul_7th)⠀⇛
# ⚓ Rlang ☛ CheatSheet_for_coding_in_R,_Python_and
Julia⠀⇛
> I’m making freely available the first
version of something I’ve wanted to do for a
long time.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Python_Program_to_Convert_String_to
Datetime⠀⇛
Python, as a versatile programming language,
allows us to convert strings into datetime
objects. This conversion is a common
requirement in many programming scenarios,
especially in data analysis and manipulation
where you often import date and time data in
the form of strings.
# § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Bash_Basics_Series_#5:_Using_Arrays_in
Bash⠀⇛
Time to use arrays in bash shell scripts in
this chapter. Learn to add elements, delete
them and get array length.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Resolving_the_“Syntax_Error_Near
Unexpected_Token_`newline’”_in_Bash⠀⇛
When writing bash scripts, it’s common to
encounter a variety of errors, especially
when you’re first starting out. One common
error message that users often encounter is
the “syntax error near unexpected token
newline”.
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Bash_Basics_Series_#4:_Arithmetic
Operations⠀⇛
In the fourth chapter of the series, learn to
use basic mathematics in Bash.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Suc_Aims_To_Replace_Slack_In_Five_Lines_Of
Bash⠀⇛
The design philosophy of Unix is fairly
straightforward. Software should do one thing
as simply as possible, and do that one thing
only. As a design principle this is sound
advice even well outside of the realm of
Unix, and indeed software in general, but
that doesn’t stop modern software packages
from being too large for their own good. So,
if you’re tired of bloated chat programs like
Slack or Mattermost with their millions of
lines of code, you might instead favor
something like Simple Unix Chat (suc).
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ FOSS_Weekly_#23.27:_Peppermint_OS,_Warp
Terminal,_Math_Bash_and_More⠀⇛
Red Hat fiasco continues and we have an
opinion on it. Apart from that you see the
continuation of our Bash Basics and Terminal
Tuesday series.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Bash_Script_to_Replace_one_Substring_with
Other_String⠀⇛
In the world of shell scripting, efficient
string manipulation is a crucial skill. Being
able to replace one substring with another in
a given string can significantly enhance the
functionality and flexibility of your bash
scripts.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1611
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Leftover_Links_15/07/2023:_Diffoscope_244_and_Istio_Patched⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 5:30 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Leftovers
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Security
# Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
# Wildlife/Nature
# Overpopulation
o Finance
* AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
* Censorship/Free_Speech
* Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
* Civil_Rights/Policing
* Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
* Monopolies
o Patents
o Software_Patents
o Trademarks
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Chris ☛ First_Impressions_of_Metaculus⠀⇛
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ U.N._Warns_Pandemic,_Climate_&_Ukraine_War
Have_Dramatically_Increased_World_Hunger⠀⇛
The United Nations this week released its annual
report on nutrition, finding that the pandemic,
extreme weather shocks and the war in Ukraine have
all contributed to food insecurity around the world
— now higher than it was before the COVID-19
pandemic. Officials estimate that the world saw an
increase of more than 100 million people facing
hunger in 2022 compared to 2019. For more, speak
with Million Belay, general coordinator of the
Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa and a
member of the International Panel of Experts on
Sustainable Food Systems, as well as Raj Patel,
research professor at the University of Texas at
Austin and author of Stuffed and Starved: The
Hidden Battle for the World’s Food System.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ US_Department_of_Justice_charges_78_people_with
$2.5B_worth_of_healthcare_fraud⠀⇛
The US Department of Justice (DOJ) announced on
Wednesday that it was criminally charging 78 people
for their alleged involvement in healthcare fraud
schemes. The alleged fraud schemes totaled over
$2.5 billion and targeted the elderly, people with
HIV, pregnant women and others.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ ‘Significant_threat’:_Around_the_world,
doctors_battle_impersonators⠀⇛
Impersonation scams pose financial risks and often
jeopardises access to safe and reliable healthcare.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Diffoscope ☛ Reproducible_Builds_(diffoscope):_diffoscope
244_released⠀⇛
The diffoscope maintainers are pleased to announce
the release of diffoscope
version 244. This version includes the following
changes:
[...]
# ⚓ Frank_Ch._Eigler:_no_trust_in_black_box_ai⠀⇛
I’m a software guy, and have been a while. I’ve had
the pleasure of witnessing or studying many a
software failure, and even causing a few. Comes
with part of the job. When a software system fails,
we open it up, take a look at how it works, make a
patch, then close ‘er up and release a new version.
Done, more or less, usually. This is possible
because the “how it works” part – the computer
program – is generally available for inspection and
modification. This is especially true in the free/
open-source_part_of_the_industry, where all the
program source code is available to end-users.
# ⚓ Frank_Ch._Eigler:_hash_attack⠀⇛
Apple has announced that it will start scanning
your personal files on your devices for “Child
Sexual Abuse Material”, as identified by its
cryptographic_hash. It will apparently match hashes
against a database of hash codes of “known” bad
content distributed by some sort of well-meaning
activist organization. A match will apparently
trigger an automatic disabling of one’s Apple
account, just for starters.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Critical_Cisco_SD-WAN_Vulnerability_Leads
to_Information_Leaks⠀⇛
A critical vulnerability in the Cisco SD-WAN
vManage software could allow unauthenticated
attackers to retrieve information from vulnerable
instances.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Hackers_Target_Reddit_Alternative_Lemmy_via
Zero-Day_Vulnerability⠀⇛
Several instances of the Reddit alternative Lemmy
were hacked in recent days by attackers who had
exploited a zero-day vulnerability.
# ⚓ SANS ☛ IDS_Comparisons_with_DShield_Honeypot_Data,_(Thu,
Jul_6th)⠀⇛
An Intrustion Detection System (IDS) can be helpful
to identify suspicious activity. The information
recieved from these tools needs to be tuned to the
environment so the tool can highlight what is
unusual. When looking at honeypot data, it is
anticipated to see internet scanners and malicious
traffic.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Google_Researchers_Discover_In-the-Wild
Exploitation_of_Zimbra_Zero-Day⠀⇛
Google researchers have discovered that a Zimbra
zero-day vulnerability has been exploited in the
wild, with users being advised to manually patch
their installations.
# ⚓ ISTIO-SECURITY-2023-002⠀⇛
# ⚓ Announcing_Istio_1.18.1⠀⇛
This release fixes the security vulnerabilities
described in our July 14th post, ISTIO-SECURITY-
2023-002.
This release note describes what’s different
between Istio 1.18.0 and 1.18.1. There will be an
additional security release made on or after July
25th, 2023 that will fix numerous security defects
with the highest security defect considered high
severity. For more information, please see the
announcement.
# ⚓ Announcing_Istio_1.17.4⠀⇛
This release fixes the security vulnerabilities
described in our July 14th post, ISTIO-SECURITY-
2023-002.
This release note describes what’s different
between Istio 1.17.3 and 1.17.4.
# ⚓ Announcing_Istio_1.16.6⠀⇛
This release fixes the security vulnerabilities
described in our July 14th post, ISTIO-SECURITY-
2023-002.
This release note describes what’s different
between Istio 1.16.5 and 1.16.6.
# § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾
# ⚓ WhichUK ☛ easyJet_scam:_fraudsters_are_trying_to
trick_customers_affected_by_flight_cancellations⠀⇛
Scammers are setting up fake customer service
Twitter accounts
# ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Twitter’s_Verified_‘Scam_Store’
Accounts_Thrive_as_Humans_Flee_the_Site⠀⇛
Users on the dying social media site are
tracking the rise of sketchy dropshipping
accounts, which have nearly identical bios
and avatars.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Site36 ☛ A_letter_from_hell:_EU_Commission_President
outlines_new_border_surveillance_for_North_Africa⠀⇛
The EU is paying hundreds of millions of
euros this year to “partner countries” Libya,
Egypt and Tunisia for border surveillance.
The announcement came just days after the
shipwreck off Pylos. Since December 1, 2019,
former German Defense Minister Ursula von der
Leyen has been President of the European
Commission.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ Canada_Supreme_Court_denies_appeal_on_bank
account_information_sharing_case⠀⇛
The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed an
application for leave Thursday in the case of
Gwendolyn Louise Deegan v. Attorney General
of Canada.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ As_Hong_Kong_issues_arrest_warrants
for_overseas_activists,_a_brief_history_of_extraordinary
rendition⠀⇛
Last week, the top news item was that a magistrate
had issued warrants for the arrest of eight Hong
Kong residents, now living abroad, for alleged
offences under the national security law. The
government also promised HK$1 million rewards for
information leading to each of their arrests and
prosecutions.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ ICC_prosecutor_opens_investigation_into_human
rights_offenses_in_Sudan⠀⇛
International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor Karim
Khan announced Thursday that the court has opened
an investigation into human rights offenses
committed by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and
the Rapid Security Forces (RSF) 90 days after the
conflict began in Sudan. Khan appeared before the
UN Security Council on Thursday to make the
announcement.
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Congo:_Government_Spokesman_Shot_Dead⠀⇛
The Spokeman of the Congelese government, Patrick
Muyaya, said today on Twitter “Cherubin Okende
Senga, a former minister and spokesman for the
party of leading Congolese opposition leader Moise
Katumbi, has been killed in an “assassination”.
# ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Is_Germany_shifting_its_approach_on
China?⠀⇛
Germany released its first-ever China strategy.
Experts weigh in on what this means for the future
of relations between Berlin and Beijing.
# ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ After_Tunisia_expelled_1,200_Black
Africans,_here’s_how_the_West_can_help_avoid_a_humanitarian
disaster⠀⇛
The West has the opportunity to prevent further
deaths while simultaneously establishing
resolutions to the migration predicament in
Tunisia.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Wagner_fighters_are_training_Belarus_defence
forces,_government_says⠀⇛
Minsk said Friday that members of the Russia’s
Wagner mercenary group were acting as instructors
for Belarusian territorial defence forces “in a
number of military disciplines”, three weeks after
the group’s aborted rebellion in Russia. Russian
President Vladimir Putin said on Friday that Wagner
“simply doesn’t exist” as a distinct legal entity.
Read our blog to see how the day’s events unfolded.
All times are Paris time (GMT+2).
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ South_Africa_Grapples_With_Putin’s_Plan_to
Attend_BRICS_Summit⠀⇛
An arrest warrant for the Russian leader from the
International Criminal Court has created a
diplomatic quandary ahead of an August summit.
# § War in Ukraine⠀➾
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Russia-Ukraine_War_News:_Putin_Seeks
to_Project_Control_Amid_Military_Turmoil⠀⇛
Three weeks after a mutiny by Wagner
mercenaries, the Russian leader says he
suggested that the group’s chief be sidelined
and that its members fight under a different
commander.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ US_sending_F-16_fighter_jets_to_Strait_of
Hormuz_after_Iran_opens_fire_on_oil_tanker⠀⇛
The U.S. is beefing up its use of fighter
jets around the strategic Strait of Hormuz to
protect ships from Iranian seizures, a senior
defense official said Friday, adding that the
U.S. is increasingly concerned about the
growing ties between Iran, Russia and Syria
across the Middle East.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Status_Of_Wagner_Mercenaries_Unclear_As_Putin
Comments_On_His_Offer_To_Troops⠀⇛
The Kremlin has refused to elaborate on the
future of the Wagner mercenary group after
Russian President Vladimir Putin said the
private military company, which mounted a
short-lived mutiny last month, has operated
without a legal basis.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Wagner_Fighters_Are_Training_Forces
in_Belarus,_Defense_Ministry_Says⠀⇛
Television news footage of a training
exercise involving the Russian mercenaries
offered a rare, if vague, glimpse of the
group after its failed mutiny last month.
# ⚓ Latvia ☛ Defense_Minister:_NATO_summit_showed
commitment_to_strengthen_eastern_flank⠀⇛
Canada has committed to investing 2.6 billion
Canadian dollars (€1.76 billion) in defense
of Latvia in the coming years, and the first
results will be this year – 15 Leopard tanks
will be brought in autumn, Defence Minister
Inara Mūrniece (National Alliance) said in an
interview on Latvian Television July 14.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ One_injured_in_Russian_drone_attack_on
Kryvyi_Rih_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Russian troops launched an overnight drone
attack on Kryvyi Rih, reported the
Dnipropetrovsk regional governor Serhiy
Lysak.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Putin_says_Wagner_Group_doesn’t_legally
exist_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Russian President Vladimir Putin told
Kommersant correspondent Andrei Kolesnikov
that at a meeting with Wagner Group on June
29, he offered the company’s commanders
“several options for employment,” including —
under the leadership of their direct
commander, call sign Sedoy.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Is_Turkey_Abandoning_Russia_to_Turn_Back
Toward_the_West?⠀⇛
By Juan Cole / Informed Comment Ann Arbor
(Informed Comment) – Given the decisions
announced by Turkey’s President Tayyip
Erdogan at the NATO summit in Vilnius,
Lithuania, some have speculated that Turkey
is “turning back toward the West” after a
long period of estrangement and flirtation
with Russia. Erdogan finally dropped his
opposition to Sweden […]
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘The_flow_of_migrants_must_stop’_A_religious
dispute_in_a_Moscow_suburb_ends_with_both_sides_asking
Putin_for_protection_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Moscow has millions of Muslim residents but
only four mosques, leading many to rely on
smaller, and sometimes less official, prayer
houses for their worship. After a popular
xenophobic, pro-war Telegram channel recently
reported one of these centers to the
authorities, however, Russian riot police
conducted an aggressive raid of the premises,
causing congregants to fear for their
security. The incident sparked dueling video
addresses to Vladimir Putin from the
neighborhood’s Muslim and non-Muslim
communities. Meduza explains the conflict
over how far — and to whom — religious
freedom should extend in Russia.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Closes_Polish_Consulate_In_Smolensk_In
Retaliation_For_‘Unfriendly’_Polish_Actions⠀⇛
The Russian government has ordered the
closure of the Polish Consulate in Smolensk,
a city some 400 kilometers west of Moscow.
# ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ US_sending_F-16_fighter_jets
to_protect_ships_from_Iranian_seizures_in_Gulf_region⠀⇛
A senior defense official says the U.S. is
beefing up its use of fighter jets around the
strategic Strait of Hormuz to protect ships
from Iranian seizures. The official says the
U.S. is increasingly concerned about the
growing ties between Iran, Russia and Syria
across the Middle East. The official tells
reporters the U.S. will send F-16 fighter
jets to the Gulf region this weekend to
augment the A-10 attack aircraft that have
been patrolling there for more than a week.
The move comes after Iran tried to seize two
oil tankers near the Strait last week,
opening fire on one of them.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia_rejects_South_Africa’s_request_for
Lavrov_to_attend_BRICS_Summit_instead_of_Putin_—
Meduza⠀⇛
Russia rejected South African President Cyril
Ramaphosa’s request for Foreign Minister
Sergey Lavrov to attend the BRICS Summit
instead of President Vladimir Putin, reports
South Africa’s Deputy President Paul
Mashatile.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Wagner_Group’s_unlikely_fan_club:_Anti-war
activists,_teenagers,_and_wives_of_Wagner_fighters
explain_their_support_for_the_mercenaries_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Yevgeny Prigozhin’s rebellion captured the
attention and sympathy of people from all
across Russian society — from anti-war
activists in exile to teenagers to wives who
said that Wagner made their husbands into
“men.” Independent Russian media outlet
Verstka spoke to those who support the Wagner
mercenaries, as well as psychologists and
sociologists, to understand their popularity
despite the fighters’ criminal histories.
Meduza in English is publishing an abridged
translation.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ France_awards_AFP_journalist_Arman_Soldin,
killed_in_Ukraine,_its_highest_order_of_merit⠀⇛
France posthumously awarded AFP video
journalist Arman Soldin, who was killed while
working in Ukraine, the Legion d’Honneur
(Legion of Honour) on Thursday.
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ Ukraine_receives_cluster_munitions_from_US
amid_international_criticism⠀⇛
The Ukrainian armed forces confirmed Thursday
they received cluster munitions sent by the
US. Tavria Region defense spokesman Valery
Shershen confirmed the delivery to Radio Free
Liberty in Ukraine amidst international
condemnation of the US’s decision to provide
the weapons.
# ⚓ LRT ☛ Behind_the_scenes_of_the_NATO_summit_in_Vilnius
–_in_photos⠀⇛
As armed guards kept watch at the border and
amid the empty streets of Vilnius, NATO
leaders gathered for the summit in what many
hoped would become the deciding moment for
Ukraine. It wasn’t to be.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Forces_Shell_Ukraine’s_Sumy_Region_As
Kyiv_Claims_Advances_In_South⠀⇛
Russian shelling targeted border areas in
Sumy Province in Ukraine’s northeast, causing
multiple explosions, local officials said on
July 15, as Kyiv claimed its troops were
advancing against the invading forces in the
country’s south.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Accused_Russian_Intelligence_Officer
Extradited_To_U.S._From_Estonia⠀⇛
An alleged Russian intelligence officer
accused by the United States of smuggling
U.S.-origin electronics and ammunition to
Russia to help its war against Ukraine was
extradited from Estonia, federal prosecutors
said on July 14.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ UN_Chief_Awaits_Answer_From_Putin_On_Proposal
To_Extend_Black_Sea_Grain_Export_Deal⠀⇛
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres is
still waiting for a response from Russian
President Vladimir Putin on a proposal to
extend a deal allowing the export of
Ukrainian grain through Black Sea ports as a
deadline for an extension of the deal looms.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Russia_Has_a_New_Gulag⠀⇛
Moscow has revived the Soviet-era labor camp.
# ⚓ YLE ☛ Supo:_Finnish_far-right_extremists_fighting_in
Ukraine_have_returned_to_Finland⠀⇛
Operating in a conflict zone can increase the
risk of an individual becoming radicalised,
the Finnish Security and Intelligence Service
(Supo) said.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukraine_Claims_Advances_In_South_As_Forces_In
East_Hold_Back_Russian_‘Onslaught’⠀⇛
The Ukrainian military says its troops are
advancing in the southern Zaporizhzhya region
and restraining an “onslaught” by the Russian
Army on the Kharkiv and Donetsk regions in
the east.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ France_Awards_Journalist_Killed_Working_In
Ukraine_Its_Highest_Order_Of_Merit⠀⇛
France posthumously awarded AFP video
journalist Arman Soldin, who was killed while
working in Ukraine, the Legion d’Honneur
(Legion of Honour) on July 14.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ For_Ukrainian_women_left_behind,
painting_is_a_form_of_therapy⠀⇛
For some Ukrainian women who have lost their
partners in the war, painting has offered a
therapeutic way to cope with grief. The
project, called “Alive. True Stories of
Love,” honors those who have died, in
addition to providing comfort to their
partners.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Tucker_Carlson_Turns_a_Christian
Presidential_Forum_into_a_Putin_Showcase⠀⇛
The Iowa evangelical leader Bob Vander Plaats
gathered Republican White House hopefuls in
Des Moines, then gave Tucker Carlson the
microphone.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Putin_Says_Wagner_Can_Keep_Fighting
for_Russia,_but_Without_Prigozhin⠀⇛
As Russia’s president reasserts control after
a failed mutiny, he wants to sideline the
Wagner leader while keeping its fighters —
who have started training troops in Belarus —
working for him.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ruined,_Empty,_Mined_and_Overgrown:
Ukraine’s_Forgotten_Villages⠀⇛
Settlements along Ukraine’s eastern steppe
were reduced to wreckage as the war passed
through them. Now choked with weeds and with
few residents, they are at risk of
disappearing.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Serbia_Reverses_Course,_Allows_Russian_Anti-
War_Activist_To_Enter⠀⇛
Russian lawyer Pyotr Nikitin, a sharp critic
of the Kremlin’s war in Ukraine, has been
allowed to enter Serbia more than 24 hours
after authorities at the Belgrade airport
confiscated his passport and refused to let
him in.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Bryansk_governor_reports_one_killed_in
attack_on_Russian_border_village_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Bryansk governor Alexander Bogomaz reported
that the village of Belaya Beryozka, located
near the border with Ukraine, was attacked by
Ukrainian forces on July 14.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ What_Is_the_Point_of_NATO?_Historian
Grey_Anderson_on_How_U.S._Has_Used_Alliance_to
Strengthen_Power⠀⇛
This week’s NATO summit in Lithuania ended
with the military alliance agreeing to extend
membership to Ukraine at some point in the
future but declining to give a firm timeline.
Meanwhile, Sweden is set to become the newest
member, bringing the alliance to 32
countries, after it started in 1949 with just
12 founding members. Historian Grey Anderson
says that while NATO is officially about
common defense, its true purpose has always
been more about giving the United States a
dominant role in European affairs. He adds
that the Russian invasion of Ukraine has
“remarkably strengthened” both NATO and U.S.
power on the continent.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Cluster_munitions_reach_Ukraine_a
week_after_Biden’s_announcement.⠀⇛
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ A_Commander_Describes_Ukraine’s
Counteroffensive_From_the_Front_Lines⠀⇛
Troops with the 36th Marine Brigade have been
the tip of the spear in Ukraine’s
counteroffensive and have advanced about five
miles into a bulge into Russian lines in
southern Ukraine.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S._Cluster_Munitions_Arrive_in
Ukraine,_but_Impact_on_Battlefield_Remains_Unclear⠀⇛
U.S. officials and military analysts say the
weapons, which are banned by many countries,
will ease Ukraine’s artillery ammunition
shortage but may not have an immediate impact
in the war.
o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾
# ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ Unauthorized_Disclosure:_Zoe_Alexandra⠀⇛
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Torrential_rain_continues_to_batter
South_Korea;
7_killed_and_over_1,500_evacuated⠀⇛
July 15, 2023 11:30 AM
Three people were missing and seven were injured.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ 115_Degrees_Fahrenheit⠀⇛
Summer technically just began, and parts of the
U.S. already have dangerous heat.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Europe,_China_and_US_swelter_in_record-breaking
heatwaves⠀⇛
Summer has just begun in the Northern Hemisphere
but a brutal heat wave is already gripping parts of
Europe, China and the United States, where record
temperatures expected this weekend are a stark
illustration of the dangers of a warming climate.
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ One_Killed_In_Accident_At_Russian_Uranium
Plant⠀⇛
One person was killed in an accident at a
uranium enrichment plant in Russia’s Urals
region on July 14, the RIA Novosti news
agency said, but the factory said radiation
levels at the site and surrounding area were
normal.
# ⚓ Binance_lays_off_over_1,000_employees_amid_regulatory
hurdle⠀⇛
Binance is reportedly laying off over 1,000
employees as part of a restructuring effort
that could result in a reduction of more than
a third.
Wall Street Journal shared an insight on June
14. According to an unnamed Binance
spokesperson, 1,000 people have already been
laid off. They added that up to 3,500 people
will lose their positions in Binance by the
end of 2023.
A week earlier, several senior executives,
including chief strategy officer Patrick
Hillmann and general counsel Hong Ng, also
shared their departure from the company.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Critical_minerals_market_doubled_due_to_clean
energy_demand,_report_says⠀⇛
Companies based in China lead in investment
spending.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Celsius_Ex-CEO_Alex_Mashinsky_Is
Arrested⠀⇛
Alex Mashinsky was arrested on Thursday
morning. He and his former firm also face
lawsuits from the Securities and Exchange
Commission and other regulators.
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ The Revelator ☛ Species_Spotlight:_Saving_the_Bog
Buck_Moth⠀⇛
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Rare_whale_sighting_in_Hong
Kong_waters_delights_locals,_intrigues_experts⠀⇛
A whale has been spotted in Hong Kong’s
eastern waters, a rare sighting that has
enthralled spectators and intrigued experts
trying to assess the reason for the visit.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) said in
a Facebook post on Friday the mammal was
suspected to be a Bryde’s whale.
# § Overpopulation⠀➾
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Nigeria_in_State_of_Emergency_Over_Food
Security⠀⇛
The declaration of a state of emergency is
intended to mobilize all available resources
to mitigate the crisis.
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Europe_emerging_as_summer_blockbuster_destination⠀⇛
The Eurotrip is back, no matter how much it costs.
Why it matters:Travel from the U.S.to Europewas
projected to surge 55% this summer, per Allianz,
which based its estimate on the company’s bookings.
The surge comes even as airfare and hotel prices
have spiked.
# ⚓ YLE ☛ Finland’s_inflation_dips_slightly_to_6.3%_in_June⠀⇛
Inflation rates slowed across the EU last month.
# ⚓ Turkey_maintains_rent_increase_cap,_housing_sales_decline
amid_exorbitant_prices⠀⇛
Despite the cap, the rents doubled in the country
on average. Eviction cases also soared, with
property owners seeking new tenants to avoid the
cap.
# ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Study:_75%_of_Mexico_businesses_say
they_struggle_to_find_workers⠀⇛
A lack of flexibility and low wages are keeping
millions out of the economy, says business think
tank Coparmex.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_Economists_Got_the_Inflation_Debate
Wrong_(on_Both_Sides)⠀⇛
Were we all equally wrong, or were some more equal
than others?
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Gig_workers’_push_for_better_pay_is_a_still
struggle⠀⇛
Even in a tight labor_market where the lowest-wage
workers_are_seeing_outsized_gains, gig drivers, who
deliver food or people for companies like Uber or
DoorDash, are having a hard time notching pay wins.
Driving the news:A minimum wage of $17.96 an hour
for food delivery workers in New York City was
supposed to go into effect this week, but a last-
minute lawsuit from the app companies put the law
on hold.
* § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
o ⚓ Axios ☛ House_GOP_passes_key_defense_bill_with_abortion
restrictions⠀⇛
The House on Friday voted largely along party lines to
pass key legislation setting military_spending_levels_and
policy.
o ⚓ RFA ☛ Hun_Sen_deletes_Twitter_post_linking_Thai_election_to
Cambodian_opposition⠀⇛
The long-time leader seems to gloat over a Thai
politician’s defeat in an initial parliamentary vote.
o ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Free,_fair_election?_Zimbabwe_government_cracks_down
on_opposition.⠀⇛
Zimbabwe’s suppression of political opposition has
increased this year in anticipation of the presidential
election, scheduled for late August. Police banned
opposition party CCC’s rally on Jun. 7, sparking protests
with freedom songs outside a courthouse.
o § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Facebook_says_China_trolls
‘evolving’_in_push_for_influence⠀⇛
Networks of fake Facebook accounts run from China
are “evolving” and adopting new tactics in their
quest to sow discord overseas, the social media
platform told Australian lawmakers Tuesday.
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Pro-Chinese_Twitter_accounts_seek_to
expand_Beijing’s_influence_in_Latin_America⠀⇛
One of the accounts directs users to an app that
gathers personally identifiable information and
seeks access to Twitter accounts.
# ⚓ NYPost ☛ Pair_of_Oregon_mayors_resign_back-to-back_days
following_uproar_over_Facebook_posts_on_immigrants,_LGBTQ⠀⇛
Newport Mayor Dean Sawyer and Baker City Mayor Matt
Diaz announced their resignations this week.
* § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
o ⚓ Mint Press News ☛ From_TikTok_to_Taking_on_the_CIA:_The
Resurgence_of_Cutting_Political_Comedy_with_James_Rehwald⠀⇛
Join MintCast for a hilarious conversation with James
Rehwald as he discusses anti-imperialist comedy, the
limitations of mainstream media, and the rise of
political satire on social media.
o ⚓ RFERL ☛ Two_Navalny_Associates’_Houses_Searched_By_Russian
Police⠀⇛
Police have carried out searches of the houses of two
former employees of jailed opposition politician Aleksei
Navalny’s headquarters in the cities of Tambov and Tver
for unspecified reasons.
o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Pharma_Exec_Trying_To_Dodge_First_Amendment_By
Pretending_He’s_Going_To_Sue_An_American_In_A_Foreign_Court⠀⇛
People are finding cool new (probably illegal) ways to
unmask people they want to sue. In this case, it’s a guy
who didn’t like some things said about him. But in order
to get a libel lawsuit going, the plaintiff needs to have
a defendant to sue. Here’s where all the bad faith
begins, as uncovered (and reported) by Paul Levy of
Public Citizen.
o ⚓ Reason ☛ Call_for_Papers:_Free_Speech_and_Civil_and_Social
Progress⠀⇛
Request for Paper Proposals Snapshot: Voices for Liberty,
an initiative of the Liberty & Law Center at the Antonin
Scalia Law School, seeks to examine the ways in which
free speech propels civil and social progress. Authors
are invited to submit proposals for original articles
that will ultimately appear in academic journals and
explore the…
o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ 5th_Circuit_Puts_A_Hold_On_Louisiana_Court’s
Injunction_Barring_Gov’t_From_Talking_To_Companies,_After_District
Court_Refuses_To⠀⇛
So we wrote about Judge Terry Doughty’s somewhat
questionable ruling preventing the Biden White House from
communicating with tech companies or researchers
regarding certain areas of disinformation. As we noted,
there were some good elements in the ruling, reminding
government officials of the 1st Amendment restrictions on
coercion in attempting to silence protected speech.
o ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Fears_SLAPPs_threat_could_be_leading_journalists
to_quit_profession⠀⇛
Questions over whether EU and UK anti-SLAPP laws will
work.
o ⚓ Breach Media ☛ Billionaire’s_app_blocks_non-profit_news⠀⇛
Instagram has blocked The Breach from posting as tech’s
fight with the Canadian government drags on
* § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
o ⚓ Meduza ☛ Novaya_Gazeta_journalist_targeted_by_attack_in_Grozny
says_assailants_threatened_to_kill_her_if_she_returns_to_Chechnya_—
Meduza⠀⇛
Novaya Gazeta journalist Elena Milashina, who was
brutally attacked by masked men in Chechnya in early
July, was questioned by an investigator from Chechnya
about the assault, according to the Crew Against Torture.
o ⚓ RFERL ☛ OSCE_Calls_On_Turkmenistan_To_Comply_With_Media-Freedom
Obligations⠀⇛
The Organization for Security and Cooperation In Europe
(OSCE) has called on Turkmen authorities to comply with
their obligations regarding media freedom and open
Internet access to citizens.
o ⚓ Court_releases_fifteen_Kurdish_journalists_in_Diyarbakır⠀⇛
After 13 months behind bars without appearing in court,
Serdar Altan, Aziz Oruç, Mehmet Ali Ertaş, Zeynel Abidin
Bulut, Ömer Çelik, Mazlum Güler, İbrahim Koyuncu, Neşe
Toprak, Elif Üngür, Abdurrahman Öncü, Suat Doğuhan,
Remziye Temel, Ramazan Geciken, Lezgin Akdeniz, and
Mehmet Şahin were released today pending trial.
o ⚓ STUDY_BY_UNION:_Journalism_in_Turkey:_Political_pressure,
mobbing,_low_wages⠀⇛
The study shows that journalists face multifaceted
problems while carrying out their jobs, and that women
journalists are more affected by these problems in every
area.
* § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Ninth_Circuit_Latest_Appeals_Court_To_Say_TSA_Agents
Can_Be_Sued_For_Constitutional_Violations⠀⇛
We’re getting a bit more clarity and commonsense applied
to lawsuits involving constitutional violations by TSA
agents.
o ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Meet_the_People_Uprooted_by_LA’s_American_Hotel⠀⇛
Jaime Colindres’ third-floor room at the American Hotel
in Los Angeles was tiny, but in it he painted expansive
scenes of the American West on salvaged pieces of wood.
Guitar sounds filled the halls, and neighbors kept their
doors open. Some residents landed there when the city’s
ruthless rental market slammed its doors on them, but
they quickly soaked up the creative soul that creaked and
hummed, rattled and swelled through the battered hotel.
o ⚓ Roma_community_in_Turkey_faces_deepening_challenges_after_Covid-
19_pandemic,_warns_study⠀⇛
From economic challenges to lack of access to services
and discrimination, a new report highlights the problems
faced by the Roma community in Turkey in the wake of the
pandemic.
o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Twitter_Sues_The_Law_Firm_That_Made_Elon_Live_Up_To
The_Contract_He_Signed_To_Buy_Twitter⠀⇛
Elon Musk’s Twitter is apparently really hard up for
cash. In addition to not paying rent or other important
bills, it is now trying to claw back bills that were paid
just prior to Elon getting the keys to Twitter. As you
may have heard, last week, Twitter sued Wachtell, Lipton,
Rosen & Katz, well known powerhouse law firm for dealing
with mergers and acquisitions, which very successfully
represented Twitter in court to force Elon to actually
complete the deal he had signed, which he then tried to
get out of.
o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Pining_For_How_Simple_Life_Was_When_Jesus_Ruled
and_Mom_Served_Candy_For_Dinner⠀⇛
Swaddled in sanctimony, bigotry and mawkish nostalgia for
a time in America when white men ran everything, right-
wing evangelical fabulists gathered this weekend at a
Faith and Freedom confab to celebrate the “privilege
twins” of Christian nationalism and white supremacy, the
triumphant revoking of women’s bodily autonomy, and their
tawdry Jesus stand-in and cult leader, affirming, per
Kari Lake, “With God on our side, nothing can stop us
from taking back this country.” Good God, save us.
o ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Great_Collapsing_Culture_Bubble⠀⇛
Everywhere you look, the culture industry is shrinking.
It’s a moment when the ongoing Writers Guild of America
strike only cracks the top 10 list of things going wrong.
In the last two weeks, a perfect storm of industry trends
converged to reshape the experience of dramatic
entertainment—decisively for the worse. The Mark Taper
Forum in Los Angeles canceled its 2023–24 theater season
and laid off 10 percent of its staff, citing $8–9 million
annual shortfalls in fundraising, and an audience that
has not come back since the pandemic. Paramount+’s merger
with Showtime brought not only the cancellation of
several shows but also their wholesale removal from its
platform, for the sake of tax write-offs. Then, WB
Discovery continued its companywide crop burn by laying
off top executives at the beloved cable channel Turner
Classics Movies (TCM).
o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “What_Arrogance_Looks_Like”:_Supreme_Court
Justice_Alito’s_Ruling_vs._EPA_Allegedly_Violates_Ethics⠀⇛
On the final day of the Supreme Court’s term, we speak
with David Dayen, executive editor of The American
Prospect, about recent revelations detailing many of the
Supreme Court conservative justices’ close relationships
to Republican megadonors, and how allegations of
financial impropriety further delegitimize the court’s
standing as an objective legal authority. “These are
lifetime appointments,” says Dayen. “This is what
arrogance looks like.”
o ⚓ The Nation ☛ America’s_Youth_Have_a_Problem⠀⇛
In March, a poll from The Wall Street Journal and NORC
found that just 23 percent of people under 30 found
patriotism to be “very important” to them, compared to 60
percent of those 65 and older. But what’s the biggest
issue facing the country? For young people, there isn’t a
clear answer.1
o ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ How_a_Notorious_Georgia_Army_School_Became_America’s
Training_Ground_for_Global_Torture⠀⇛
Fort Benning is home to a shadowy academy where around
84,000 Latin American soldiers and police officers have
been taught on the U.S. dime on how to kill, torture and
how to stamp out political activists.
o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Hard_Exploitative_Times:_To_Hear_the_Wail_Of_the
Children⠀⇛
With a rapacious GOP shredding not just women’s/black/
queer/poor people’s rights but now child labor laws – the
number of kids as young as 10 working in America has
soared 37% – we mark this weekend’s 120th anniversary of
Mother Jones’ 1903 March of the Mill Children, wherein
she led 100 “worn down, defeated waifs…sacrificed on the
altar of profit” to ask Teddy Roosevelt to end their
abuses “in the name of the aching hearts of these little
ones.” God bless capitalism: He refused.
o ⚓ JURIST ☛ Canada_inquiry_probes_Nike,_Dynasty_Gold_over
allegations_of_use_of_forced_Uyghur_labor⠀⇛
Canada launched an inquiry into allegations over the use
of the Chinese minority Uyghur forced labor in Nike and
Dynasty Gold production lines. The Canadian Ombudsperson
for Responsible Enterprise Sheri Meyerhoffer announced
the inquiry Tuesday as a part of a broader initiative to
evaluate and probe substantial grievances against
corporations operating within Canada.
o ⚓ The Nation ☛ LA’s_Hotel_Workers_Are_on_Strike⠀⇛
This past week, thousands of hotel workers in dozens of
hotels in Los Angeles and Orange County, represented by
Unite Here Local 11, walked off the job. The strike,
which 96 percent of members voted to authorize, comes
after many large hotel contracts expired and the vast
majority of owners refused to meet union demands. These
include adequate pay raises to reflect California’s
soaring housing costs, as well as shoring up pension and
health care benefits. They also include requests to hire
sufficient numbers of new workers to lower daily
workloads to manageable levels for existing housekeepers
and other staff, since, despite their having reaped
billions of dollars in federal assistance during the
Covid pandemic, and despite profit levels in 2023
reaching pre-pandemic heights again, hotels are still
making workers do more with less.
o ⚓ New York Times ☛ ‘10_Seconds’:_Outrage_Follows_Acquittal_in_Italy
Abuse_Case⠀⇛
A court in Rome said it had decided to acquit a janitor
accused of improperly touching a student in part because
the episode lasted “a handful of seconds” and took place
in a public area in front of other students.
o ⚓ Axios ☛ Hollywood_shuts_down_as_actors_join_writers_on_strike⠀⇛
SAG-AFTRA, the union that represents Hollywood actors,
will strike for the first time since 1980 after failing
to reach a new labor deal with the major studios.
Why it matters:The actors’ strike, which begins at
midnight, marks the first time in 63 years that Hollywood
has two unions on strike simultaneously, which is
expected to bring the industry to a screeching_halt. It
could also lead to a quicker end to Hollywood’s labor
war.
o ⚓ Axios ☛ Another_family_sues_Harvard_over_stolen_body_parts⠀⇛
Another family has filed a lawsuit asking for class-
action status against Harvard Medical School over the
university’s role in a ring that allegedly sold human
remains on the black market for years.
Why it matters:It’s the latest in a string of similar
class-action_suits against the prestigious school since
federal authorities charged its morgue manager with
conspiracy and trafficking of stolen goods.
o ⚓ ACLU ☛ How_Michiganders_Showed_Up_for_Reproductive_Freedom_and
Won⠀⇛
Last year’s decision overturning Roe v. Wade proved to be
a major galvanizing moment for people who support
abortion rights in communities across the country as bans
began to go into effect. One of those states is Michigan,
where a grassroots coalition had growing concerns about
an archaic 1931 abortion ban that could take effect if
the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, and had already
been working to prepare for that possibility. Their
tireless work put abortion rights on the ballot with
Proposal_3, which secured the right to reproductive
freedom in Michigan, protecting abortion, prenatal care,
birth control, and all pregnancy-related care.
* § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Finally_Close_To_Having_A_Voting_Majority,_Will_The
Biden_FCC_Actually_Restore_Net_Neutrality?⠀⇛
Last month we noted how the country’s top telecom and
media regulator has been under the bootheel of industry
for the better part of seven years, and nobody much seems
to care.
* § Monopolies⠀➾
o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ It_Ain’t_Over:_FTC_Appeals_Microsoft,_Activision
Ruling_While_CMA_Pumps_The_Brakes_On_Restructuring_Deal⠀⇛
Well, well, it appears that rumors of the death of the
regulatory battle over the Microsoft and Activision
Blizzard purchase have been greatly exaggerated. We just
discussed media reports of two items related to the deal.
The first was the FTC’s loss in court to get a
preliminary injunction barring the two companies from
consummating the purchase, potentially allowing them to
close on the deal even as FTC litigation remains pending
and the CMA in the UK works through Microsoft’s appeal of
its blocking the deal. The second were reports that
Microsoft and the CMA were close on a restructuring of
the deal that would lead to the CMA granting its approval
of the purchase. In that post, I indicated that those
combined reports threw into question whether the FTC
would even bother appealing the ruling.
o ⚓ IT Wire ☛ US_FTC_seeks_temporary_halt_to_Microsoft-Activision
deal⠀⇛
{loadposition sam08}At that time, the regulator said
Microsoft’s solution had “significant shortcomings” and
would need oversight.
A month prior, the CMA had signalled that it had received
new evidence indicating that the deal would not lead to a
substantial lessening of competition in the UK console
gaming market.
A decision by US Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley in San
Francisco said the FTC had not shown that Microsoft’s
merger with Activision would harm competition for gaming.
Her decision means 38 jurisdictions have green-lighted
the deal, which has an 18 July deadline for closing.
o ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ House_Republicans_set_to_interrogate_FTC’s
Khan_over_ethics,_antitrust_issues [Ed: GOP shilling for
Microsoft]⠀⇛
House Republicans who say the Federal Trade Commission
has been overzealous and politicized under President Joe
Biden are set to interrogate agency head Lina Khan on
Thursday. They are bringing her before the House
Judiciary Committee for the first time amid her court
battles with big technology companies. Committee Chairman
Jim Jordan has criticized Khan in recent months on a
multitude of issues, including what he says are
politically motivated actions directed at Elon Musk since
he acquired Twitter last year, questions about whether
she should have recused herself from certain cases and
her legal actions against tech giants on antitrust
issues.
o ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ FTC_faces_pressure_from_Twitter,_Republicans
over_privacy_investigation⠀⇛
A hearing to review FTC Chair Lina Khan’s leadership
turned into a debate over the commission’s role
overseeing Twitter’s privacy practices.
o § Patents⠀➾
# ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ SNIPR_v._Rockefeller:_A_Final
Nail_in_the_Interference_Coffin⠀⇛
The key benefit of the first-to-file patent regime,
introduced by the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act
(AIA), is the clarity that it provides. The filing
date is an understandable, immutable, and
reasonable priority claim marker. This is in
contrast to the invention “date”, which requires
evidence of the inventor’s mental state as shown by
corroboratory evidence; spread across time from
conception to invention completion accomplished at
reduction to practice. Pre-AIA invention priority
contests were decided through a process known as
Interference Proceedings—mini trials before the
Board (then known as the Board of Patent Appeals
and Interferences or BPAI).
# ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ User_Matching_Patent_Fails_101
Test_for_Lacking_Technical_Improvement⠀⇛
Trinity Info Media, LLC v. Covalent, Inc., No.
2022-1308, — F.4th — (Fed. Cir. July 14, 2023).
Trinity Info Media sued Covalent for infringing two
patents covering a process of connecting users
based on polling question answers – US Patent Nos.
9,087,321 and 10,936,685. The patents describe a
system where users answer polling questions and the
system uses those answers to find a “likelihood of
match” between users. Connections are suggested for
high-likelihood matches. The system uses
conventional computer components like processors,
memory, servers, etc. The ‘685 patent adds
limitations about performing operations on a
handheld device, displaying results via swiping,
and using a mobile app.
The district court granted Covalent’s motion to
dismiss, finding the asserted claims ineligible
under 35 U.S.C. 101. The Federal Circuit affirmed
after analyzing the claims under the two-step
Alice/Mayo framework:
# ⚓ JUVE ☛ EPO_Boards_of_Appeal_strike_down_important_Nokia
patent_in_Oppo_row [Ed: Juve, a bribed propaganda rag for
illegal agenda (unconstitutional kangaroo court, UPC), on
fake European Patents (which the kangaroos will be eager to
allow)]⠀⇛
The game of cat and mouse continues. In June, Nokia
succeeded in obtaining a bench judgment, at the
Regional Court Mannheim, which rejected an
infringement case brought by Oppo against Nokia.
o § Software Patents⠀➾
# ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ InterDigital_AV1/VP9_Japanese_patent
opposition_successful⠀⇛
On August 4, 2022, the Japanese Patent Office found
that the only claim of JP6968024 was obvious and
also not novel in view of the known art. The JP
’024 patent is owned by InterDigital_VC_Holdings.
# ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ KAIST_&_ETRI_AV1/HEVC_Japanese_patent
opposition_successful⠀⇛
On March 14, 2022, the Japanese Patent Office found
that the original claims of JP6855419 were obvious
in view of the known art. The JP ’419 is owned by
the Korea_Advanced_Institute_of_Science_and
Technology_(KAIST) and the Electronics_and
Telecommunications_Research_Institute_(ETRI).
# ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ GEVC_video_codec_Japanese_patent
opposition_successful⠀⇛
On March 30, 2023, the Japanese Patent Office found
that the original claims of JP6909818 were obvious
in view of the known art. The JP ’818 patent is
owned by GE_Video_Compression_LLC (GEVC).
o § Trademarks⠀➾
# ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ TTAB_Adds_Three_New_Administrative_Trademark
Judges,_One_Departs⠀⇛
While we were being distracted by the smoke coming
down from Canada, the Board added three new
Administrative Trademark Judges, while one judge
retired. To be specific, Judge Linda A. Kuczma
returned to private practice in Chicago after 12
years on the Board. The three new judges (see
below) bring the total Board membership to 28,
including Chief Judge Rogers and Deputy Chief Judge
Thurmon. The complete judicial roster may be found
here.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3194
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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_15/07/2023:Gemkerkerkruip(New_Game_for_Gemini)_and_Immutable
Linux_Systems⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 9:03 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_IKMNOWS_Wordo:_HULLO⠀⇛
# ⚓ Did_Ricciardo_forget_how_to_drive_fast?_🏎️⠀⇛
Nyck de Vries hasn’t been doing well at AlphaTauri.
He’s been dropped without making it through half
his first season. Ouch.
Back comes Daniel Ricciardo, who’s had an
“interesting” career. After Vettel won four
championships with Red Bull, Ricciardo was his new
team mate and beat him. Promising start. He beat
Verstappen in the first two seasons they were team
mates. Then he didn’t beat him, and chose to leave
Red Bull.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Setting_up_void_linux_on_an_old_raspberry_pi⠀⇛
In this tutorial I walk-through how I set up void
linux on an old 2013 Raspberry Pi 1B, then
installed a GUI and configured it with i3 window
manager, and the basic software I use. A follow-up
post will be on my experience using this set-up for
the Old Computer Challenge V3. I had originally
started using a Chip computer but I rendered it
unworkable earlier in the week so pulled out this
old Pi I had.
I did not set up wifi or a wifi card but instead
just plugged the device directly into ethernet,
which simplified my setup a bit. Note: I’m not an
expert, just an ambitious coder-tinkerer.
Directions may not work for everyone nor in all
situations. You’ll likely need ingenuity to solve
challenges, and things could diverge from what I
describe here. Follow at your own risk.
# ⚓ Introduction_to_immutable_Linux_systems⠀⇛
If you reach this page, you may be interested into
this new category of Linux distributions labeled
“immutable”.
In this category, one can find by age (oldest →
youngest) NixOS, Guix, Endless OS, Fedora
Silverblue, OpenSUSE MicroOS, Vanilla OS and many
new to come.
I will give examples of immutability
implementation, then detail my thoughts about
immutability, and why I think this naming can be
misleading. I spent a few months running all of
those distributions on my main computers (NAS,
Gaming, laptop, workstation) to be able to write
this text.
# ⚓ Introduction_to_immutable_Linux_systems⠀⇛
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ My_manga_collection⠀⇛
I’ve decided to write on [my blog] how I
manage my manga collection with org mode (and
orgtable / orgplot). If you want to read
about the how, you can read it on [my blog
(https)] or on the [gemini version] (might be
less optimised and images are missing).
Although I’ve explained the how I maintain my
manga collection, I haven’t shared it.
Instead, I’m sharing it only here on my
gemini capsule. Maybe people reading my blog
will be curious enough to install gemini to
read this post 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈ ?
# ⚓ Gemkerkerkruip⠀⇛
Kerkerkruip is a coffee-break roguelike game
with a text adventure interface. This makes
it unusually suitable for playing over
gemini, and now you can do that:
Gemkerkerkruip
It’s a mostly solitary affair, but I added a
couple of means of user interaction to take
advantage of online play: a daily
leaderboard, and a “ghosts file”.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3342
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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_15/07/2023:_Jekyll-Gemini_and_Generators_and_Extensive_FAQ
Update⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 5:27 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Politics_and_World_Events
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
# Software_Releases/Announcements
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ 3_Day_Weekend_–_Day_1⠀⇛
Tomorrow and Monday are going to be really bad with
a high of 37c / 98.6f. Now the North of Japan is
getting battered by rain.
# ⚓ re:Did_Ricciardo_forget_how_to_drive_fast?⠀⇛
Ricciardo is easily one of my favorite drivers in
F1, so I was very excited to hear of his return to
Alpha Tauri. That said, I have concerns.
Honestly I expected Ricciardo to end up in Indycar
or NASCAR after he failed to get a seat this year.
It got harder and harder to root for him after his
performance on Renault and McLaren. His performance
on Red Bull though truly was something to watch,
his overtaking ability was amazing.
# ⚓ Should_I_Subscribe_to_the_So-Called_Legends?⠀⇛
After much speculation over quite a bit of time,
I’ve come to the conclusion that the “standards” of
production concerning sonic “normality” are tricks.
They apply to a very small percentage of the music
making population. They have been refined over
decades to appeal to the lowest common denominator.
And refined even more now to appeal to those who
consume music through streaming services.
Like most who are in the habit of composing and
recording our own music, I have fallen for this
trick time and again and I must untrain myself to
hear “mistakes” in production values when they
don’t correspond to what the most well-known
masterers and producers of the day proclaim to be
“correct”. I laugh and laugh at myself when I think
more closely about it. Do I follow the guide of
mainstream *musicians* to begin with? Am I an
acolyte of the pop and rock or even electronica
legends? Absolutely not. So why should I subscribe
to the so-called legends of sonic “quality”, as
well?
# ⚓ Is_Ann_Reardon_a_hack?_|_Generic_clickbait_title_for
maximum_engagement!⠀⇛
She put this video out a while ago, “investigating”
whether cows’ milk is as bad for you as people say,
and comparing it to other alternatives like soy
milk, almond milk, etc. She touches briefly on the
ethical aspects, which honestly for me is the
*only* thing I care about when it comes to animal
agriculture — but then, I’m someone who doesn’t
care one bit how healthy my food is, so like.
Whatever.
o § Politics and World Events⠀➾
# ⚓ Authoritarian_Character_Structure⠀⇛
Radical psychologists Wilhelm Reich and Eric Fromm
answered the question of why people submit
willingly to authority.
While most of us were watching the 2016
presidential election with disgust, someone I’m
very close to, looked at me with a fiendish grin
and announced, “I’m voting for Donald Trump.”
This was perplexing. How could they be captivated
by a racist, xenophobic, homophobic narcissist?
Having starkly contrasting reactions towards the
object of their affinity, I realized a lot of
futile and draining arguments were likely to
follow. Rifts, drama, and cut-offs between friends
and family have become ubiquitous in American
society over the past year, with many left
bewildered by the resurgent appeal of
authoritarianism.
# ⚓ Veganism_Is_Not_An_Insult_To_Native_People⠀⇛
There are so many reasons to keep a vegan or at
least a vegetarian diet… Health. Animal abuse.
Pollution, deforestation, and waste are real
consequences of mass consuption of meat. Respect
for life. Religion. Offending native people with
your opulent veggies is simply not a thing, except
for some overeducated fools with way too much time
on their hands.
If anything, meat eaters are much more guilty of
‘diet appropriation’, with caveman paleo diets and
baby-seal-blubber diets. Consuming absurd amounts
of fast-food meat daily without ever considering
where it came from is terrible.
# ⚓ Fundamentalism_seems_alive_and_well⠀⇛
I suspect it’s because whereas you’ve willing
submitted to a media narrative, your friend paid
attention to what Trump has actually done/said *in
context* – which is impossible for you because
you’ve also submitted to the aspect of said media
narrative that insists you’d have to be an idiot to
ever pay attention to what Trump has actually done/
said in context, and you’ve incessantly repeated
such to/with others who’ve also submitted to said
media narrative, and in the domain of mind whatever
is repeated most is what seems most real, because
conceptual repetition constitutes “practice makes
perfect” in the domain of mind.
In my view, *NOBODY* is more racist that the news
media. They’re the one’s obsessed with and
perpetually talking about colors of people, thus
elevating skin color to being a determiner of
personhood – the belief at the root of racism.
# ⚓ Fading_Echoes⠀⇛
In my recent post “Frankly” I think I left some
important things unsaid.
Now that the discussion has died down I hope I can
risk stating my own points of view without
triggering more unpleasantness.
The only new posts on the “thread” have been from
textmonger and I’m also replying partly to those.
I’ll try to be brief.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Old_Computer_Challenge_2023_(0)_preparations⠀⇛
From the notebooks on my desk I chose an 8 year old
ACER Travelmate B116. This machine has 4 cores and
8 GiB of RAM. It features a SSD disk, so it is not
anywhere near /old/ specs. My Asus from 2007 would
fit better, especially with a magnetic drive.
However I got rid of that machine some time ago.[a]
The Acer had Debian 12 installed on it already. Its
disk is encrypted, so I accept the overhead as a
little decrease in speed.
# ⚓ Inexhaustive_List_of_AI_Models_that_works_on_RK3588⠀⇛
Armed with experience converting scikit-learn to
RKNN. I spent the past few days trying to get
Waifu2x (Anime image upscaling) and endup defeated.
Either RKNN got stuck submitting commands or I get
the mysterious message `W RKNN: [07:11:36.064]
Output(Deconvolution2DFunction_0): size_with_stride
larger than model origin size, if need run
OutputOperator in NPU, please call
rknn_create_memory using size_with_stride.` and got
garbage output. Yet that API is not exposed nor I
can find the symbol in the shared library. Heck not
even if try to run SRCNN, something much simpler.
Something is really weird. Yet searching only shows
people running YOLOv8 also facing the same issue
without solution.
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Jekyll-Gemini_and_Generators⠀⇛
Jekyll-Gemini barfs on this because it’s not
a gemini file and it doesn’t know how to
ignore it. By default, jekyll-gemini ignores
anything that is not a .gmi file. But that
only seems to be true in the root directory
and the `_posts` directory.
# ⚓ Old_Computer_Challenge_2023_–_Day_Six⠀⇛
Some weeks before the Challenge, I switched
from Pleroma to Honk as my ActivityPub
server. Honk is written in Go, uses SQLite as
database and is almost Javascript-free.
Today at opening Honk I added the “-g” switch
to links, so I get a browser that display
graphics. I also had Emacs running ERC, the
IRC-client that is build into Emacs. The
machine became very slow and even after
closing links, it still uses 120Mb of
swapspace.
# § Software Releases/Announcements⠀➾
# ⚓ Extensive_FAQ_updates,_more_to_come!⠀⇛
I am excited and delighted to announce that I
have just published some extensive updates to
the official Project Gemini FAQ!
This is the first update to the FAQ in over
two years, and I’m retrospectively ashamed
and embarrassed that it was left in the state
that it was for as long as it was. There was
nothing terribly wrong with the answers which
were in the old FAQ, and in fact a lot of
those answers are still there with no or
minimal changes. The problem was with its
incompleteness and inaccessibility. The FAQ,
and indeed the entire
gemini.circumlunar.space capsule, have
evolved piecemeal over the years from content
prepared in the earliest days of the project,
when the audience for official information
was a lot smaller and a lot less varied.
They’ve been tweaked and expanded as interest
in the project has grown, but never
extensively reworked to address the fact that
this audience has grown a lot and changed a
lot. Not everybody who hears about Gemini
today has used Gopher before – most of them
have never heard of it. Introducing Gemini to
these folks from the beginning as “something
between Gopher and the web” is meaningless.
An FAQ where the section entitled “Protocol
design” comes before, and is longer than, the
section entitled “Getting started in
Geminispace” is not welcoming.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3655
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.15.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_15/07/2023:_MX_Linux_23_RC_and_OpenCV_4.8.0⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 9:28 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Kernel_Space
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o Games
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o New_Releases
o BSD
o SUSE/OpenSUSE
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Debian_Family
o Devices/Embedded
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
# Mozilla
o SaaS/Back_End/Databases
o Education
o Programming/Development
# Java
* Leftovers
o Science
o Education
o Hardware
o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
o Linux_Foundation
o Security
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Environment
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM)
o Monopolies
# Trademarks
# Copyrights
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o ⚓ System76 ☛ COSMIC_Skies_of_a_Colorado_July⠀⇛
Beyond the dazzling sea of licensed fireworks and
thunderclouds lies a cosmic array of ancient stars. It’s
within our gaze upon these stars where we find the
inspiration for COSMIC DE, our new desktop environment
created for Pop!_OS and other Linux distros. Let’s get
into the updates!
When resizing a window with your keyboard in COSMIC DE, a
hint will appear containing shortcuts for growing and
shrinking the window. Tiled windows aligned with the one
being resized will be scaled to keep the layout in
alignment.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ Some_notes_on_errno_when_tracing
Linux_kernel_system_call_results⠀⇛
Suppose, not entirely hypothetically, that you want
to print out some information about every fcntl()
lock call that fails, system-wide. These days this
is relatively easy to do with bpftrace, especially
since there are system call entry and exit
tracepoints. However, you might reasonably wonder
how the fcntl(2) system call actually returns
errno, the error code, and how this manifests at
the level of the sys_exit_fcntl syscalls
tracepoint. As it turns out, there’s some tribal
knowledge and peculiarities here.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to
Apple_Time_Machine⠀⇛
Time Machine is a built-in backup feature to back
up your personal data automatically, including
apps, music, photos, emails and documents.
Time Machine is proprietary software and not
available for Linux. We recommend the best free and
open source alternatives.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ The Server Side ☛ Please_make_please_a_sudo_alias_on_your
Linux_box⠀⇛
There is something very passive-aggressive about
the Linux sudo command.
Just the idea of referring to yourself as a super-
user, as the first two letters of the sudo command
infer, is positively hubristic.
The idea of then using the assumed super-user state
to demand the Unix-based OS unquestionably perform
a function or task is just outright dictatorial.
It’s not a good look.
# ⚓ IT Pro Today ☛ Mastering_File_Permissions_in_Linux⠀⇛
Linux is a widely used operating system favored by
professionals and home users worldwide. It is well
known for its strong security and integrity
features.
In computer security, key concepts include
confidentiality, integrity, and availability. When
it comes to the computer’s file system, file
permissions play a crucial role in securing
sensitive information (confidentiality), preventing
unauthorized modifications to files (integrity),
and allowing appropriate access to files for
authorized users (availability). In Linux, file
permissions can be set using both the graphical
user interface (GUI) and the command line in the
terminal.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Setting_Up_a_New_Next.js_Application⠀⇛
Next.js is a free, open-source JavaScript framework
created by Vercel. Developed on top of React, it’s
designed to provide an efficient solution for
building server-side rendered and static websites.
It offers powerful features like hybrid static &
server rendering, TypeScript support, smart
bundling, and route pre-fetching.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Remove_Warning_and_Error_Messages_in
PHP⠀⇛
PHP, being a robust server-side scripting language,
is widely used in web development.
# ⚓ Ryan Mulligan ☛ CSS_Custom_Property_Fallbacks_in_Shorthand
Values⠀⇛
CSS Custom Properties are incredibly versatile and
have become especially useful as customizable props
in common layout and component style patterns.
Here’s an example derived from the SmolCSS site:
[...]
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Attackers_target_the_Domain_Name_System,
the_[Internet]’s_phone_book._Here’s_how_to_fight_back⠀⇛
The foundational Domain Name System, essentially
the phone book for the [Internet], used to be
something nobody using the net much noticed, but
lately it has become more of a target, and the cost
of attacks against it are huge and growing.
Recent events have once again brought issues
involving the DNS, as it’s called for short, to the
forefront. A new kind of denial-of-service attack
called Water Torture is the most recent, but
earlier this year has seen other DNS-based attacks
on Telsa’s network in January and a new malware
toolkit called Decoy Dog that targeted business
networks.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Bizarre_backup_taught_techie_to_dumb
things_down_for_the_boss⠀⇛
That action saw the exec intone the following:
“I need my Trash back, it is where I keep all my
important mails.”
“Needless to say, because of the limited time
available to my team, the one folder we hadn’t
migrated was the Trash,” Curtis lamented.
# ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ The_theory_versus_the_practice_of
“static_websites”⠀⇛
The first thought is that in practice, things look
different on a long time scale. The use of static
files for web content has proven extremely durable
over the years. Although the specific web servers
and hosts may have changed, both the static file
content and the general approach of ‘put your
static files with .type extensions in a directory
tree’ has lived on basically since the beginning of
the web. One pragmatic reason for this is that
serving static files is both common and very
efficient. Since it’s commonly in demand even in
dynamic websites, people who only have static files
can take advantage of this. Being common and
‘simple’ has meant that serving only static content
creates a stable site that’s easy to keep
operating. This is historically not the case with
dynamic websites.
The second thought is that one reason for this is
that static websites create a sharp boundary of
responsibilities with simple, strong isolation. On
the one side is all of the complexity of the static
web server (which, today, involves a bunch of
dynamic updates for things like HTTPS
certificates). On the other side is those static
files, and in the middle is some filesystem or
filesystem like thing. What each side needs from
the other is very limited. Any environment for
dynamic websites necessarily has no such clear,
small, and simple boundary between the web server
and your code, and on top of that we’re unlikely to
ever be able to standardize on a single boundary
and API for it.
# ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ Master_The_Command_Line_With_Useful_Bash
Aliases_In_Linux_And_Unix⠀⇛
In the world of Linux/Unix, Bash aliases serve as
powerful tools to enhance your command line
experience. By creating shortcuts for frequently
used commands or command sequences, you can save
time and increase productivity. This guide presents
an extensive collection of useful Bash aliases,
providing clear explanations for each alias’s
purpose and benefits. Whether you’re a seasoned
developer or a command line enthusiast, this guide
will help you harness the power of aliases and
optimize your workflow.
# ⚓ Linux Handbook ☛ lshw_Command_in_Linux:_Get_Hardware
Details⠀⇛
While running any operating system, a user will
find himself in a situation where he wants to know
all the hardware details.
# ⚓ TecMint ☛ How_to_Delete_HUGE_(100-200GB)_Files_in_Linux⠀⇛
In the realm of Linux terminal operations, a range
of Linux commands are at our disposal for the
purpose of effectively deleting or removing files.
When it comes to the task of file elimination, we
commonly rely on the “rm” command, which swiftly
erases files from the system. For enhanced security
and assurance, the “shred” command comes into play,
ensuring the thorough and secure deletion of a
file, leaving no trace behind.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ CodeWeavers_blog_about_their_Linux_/_Steam
Deck_work_on_Proton_with_PooShooter⠀⇛
PooShooter: Toilet Invaders, yes it’s a real game
and we all had a bit of a chuckle when we saw Valve
noted it fixed in a Proton changelog recently.
CodeWeavers, Valve’s partner on Proton development,
have a blog post up talking about why it was
interesting to solve.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Retro-inspired_JRPG_‘Alterium_Shift’_enters
Early_Access⠀⇛
Love your classic JRPG-likes? Alterium Shift is
another good looking entry that recently entered
Early Access on Steam with Native Linux support.
Built with the Unity game engine as far as I can
see, it works great on Fedora KDE 38. Note: the
developer sent a key.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Cartridges_game_launcher_adds_support_for
Legendary_for_Epic_Games_and_Flatpaks⠀⇛
Remember Cartridges? The simple launcher that aims
to be a sort-of all in one solution, to bring
together games from all of your sources. Well, it
just had a nice upgrade.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Try_out_the_new_demo_of_the_upcoming_JRPG
inspired_Quartet⠀⇛
Following a success on Kickstarter, turn-based
pixel-art JRPG inspired title Quartet now has a
demo available with Native Linux support. The
Kickstarter back in 2021 pulled in a nice $54,203
towards development so it’s good to see some
activity letting players experience a little of it.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ New_DLC_info_for_retro-style_beat-’em-up
Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles:_Shredder’s_Revenge⠀⇛
More information and a new trailer have been
published for the recently-announced Dimension
Shellshock DLC for the native Linux beat-’em-up
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder’s Revenge,
revealing a new Survival Mode.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Volker Krause ☛ Looking_forward_to_Akademy_2023⠀⇛
In less than 50 hours from now Akademy_2023
will start in Thessaloniki, Greece, with
plenty of things to look forward to.
After having missed_last_year and the two
previous ones having been online only, it’s
the first in-person Akademy in four years for
me.
While I have been at a couple of events in
the recent months, there’s still a number of
people I haven’t been able to meet again in
person since
Akademy_in_Milan,
so this is all long overdue.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ HaikuOS ☛ Haiku_Activity_&_Contract_Report,_June_2023⠀⇛
The biggest changes last month were a series of commits
by waddlesplash, all related to the user_mutex API and
the consumers of it. This API is the kernel portion of
the implementation of basically anything related to
mutexes or locks in userland, including pthread_mutex,
pthread_cond, pthread_barrier, unnamed semaphores (via
sem_open), rwlocks, and more. It bears some resemblance
in concept to Linux’s futex API, but is very different in
both design and implementation.
o ⚓ Data Swamp ☛ Introduction_to_immutable_Linux_systems⠀⇛
If you reach this page, you may be interested into this
new category of Linux distributions labeled “immutable”.
In this category, one can find by age (oldest → youngest)
NixOS, Guix, Endless OS, Fedora Silverblue, OpenSUSE
MicroOS, Vanilla OS and many new to come.
I will give examples of immutability implementation, then
detail my thoughts about immutability, and why I think
this naming can be misleading. I spent a few months
running all of those distributions on my main computers
(NAS, Gaming, laptop, workstation) to be able to write
this text.
o § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ MX Linux ☛ MX-23_“Libretto”_Release_Candidate_1_(RC1)_now
available⠀⇛
MX-23 RC1 is now available for testing. MX-23 is
built from debian 12 “bookworm” and MX
repositories. As in past releases, the MX will
default to sysVinit but systemd remains an option
for installed systems. Updates from RC to final are
fully supported.
This release builds upon beta 2, and includes all
bug fixes and changes to date, including default
wallpapers and theming as well as updated
translations and applications.
In this release we are very interested in installer
testing. Many bugs related to btrfs installations
have been addressed. The installer has received
many updates since beta2. The Installer now
supports swapfiles as well as swap partitions. The
“regular” auto installation will default to
swapfiles. There are many other installer changes,
including gui adjustments (layout builder in the
custom install partitions area), setting of some
debconf value to make legacy grub-pc updates more
seamless, various fixes for grub install functions
and cleanup of “dump” entries that might be
clogging up a user’s nvram. There is also
additional help guidance right in the installer
gui.
# ⚓ Beta News ☛ Debian_12-based_MX_Linux_23_‘Libretto’_achieves
release_candidate_status⠀⇛
o § BSD⠀➾
# ⚓ Undeadly ☛ Mandatory_enforcement_of_indirect_branch
targets⠀⇛
Theo de Raadt (deraadt@) has updated
innovations.html to include an item regarding the
work which has been done to enforce indirect branch
target restriction (on the amd64 [Intel] and arm64
platforms).
o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ OpenSUSE ☛ Tumbleweed_Brings_KDE_Users_Frameworks,_Gear
Updates⠀⇛
This week brought KDE users of openSUSE‘s rolling
release Tumbleweed updates for Frameworks and Gear
along with several other updated packages.
Snapshots have been rolling out with various
enhancements and bug fixes this week.
The more recent snapshot, 20230712, updated GNU
Compiler Collection 13.1.1 and the changes related
to the architecture levels for the Adaptable Linux
Platform. A patch was also removed. The Linux
Kernel also updated in the snapshot as kernel-
source 6.4.2 addressed a Common Vulnerability and
Exposure. CVE-2023-3269 addressed the lock handling
for accessing and updating virtual memory areas.
The tool to copy files cpio backported some
upstream fixes, refreshed some patches and removed
four patches. A few GNOME packages updated in the
snapshot. Miscellaneous bug fixes along with some
cleanup, and updated translations arrived in the
gnome-shell 44.3; it also fixed a cursor offset
issue with the magnifier. The 44.3 mutter had
improvements to ensure the preferred monitor mode
is always included and to avoid rapid toggling of
dynamic maximum render time. It also fixes an issue
with a dynamic maximum render time. Additionally,
there are miscellaneous bug fixes and updated
translations. An update of yast2-storage-ng 4.6.12
ensures that storage support packages are added
correctly for MicroOS, which uses a custom
partitions proposal client instead of another
specific client. Several other packages were
updated in the snapshot.
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Unicorn Media ☛ AlmaLinux_Announces_Its_Solution_to_RHEL
Source_Code_Conundrum⠀⇛
On Thursday, the AlmaLinux Foundation made public
its plans to continue to develop and maintain its
RHEL clone without access to Red Hat’s source code.
# ⚓ Unicorn Media ☛ FOSS_Week_In_Review:_Istio_Graduates,
Oracle_Bitch-Slaps_Red_Hat_&_Elon_Musk’s_AI_Dream⠀⇛
Guess what, everybody? We’re back.
# ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ AlmaLinux_Decided_to_Drop_1:1_Compatibility_with
RHEL⠀⇛
AlmaLinux emerged as a prominent alternative for
users seeking a stable, community-driven operating
system after CentOS shifted its focus to CentOS
Stream, a rolling-release distribution.
The distro quickly gained recognition as a
suitable, enterprise-ready replacement for CentOS,
offering a stable and secure environment that
mirrored RHEL.
o § Debian Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Matt_Brown:_2023_Mid_Year_Review⠀⇛
I’m six months into my journey of building a
business which means its time to reflect and review
the goals I set for the year.
# ⚓ Aurélien Jarno ☛ Goodbye_Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD⠀⇛
Over the years, the Debian GNU/kFreeBSD port has
gone through various phases. After many years of
development, it was released as technology preview
with the release of Squeeze and eventually became
an official architecture with the release of
Wheezy. However it ceased being an official
architecture a couple of years later with the
release of Jessie, although a jessie-kfreebsd suite
was available in the official archive. Some years
later, it was moved to the debian-ports archive,
where it slowly regressed over the years. The
development totally has now been stopped for over a
year, and the port has been removed from the
debian-ports archive. It’s time to say it goodbye!
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackster ☛ System76_Open_Sources_the_Electronics_for_Virgo,
Its_Upcoming_In-House_Linux_Laptop_Design⠀⇛
System76, builder of Linux-based desktops, laptops,
and servers, has announced that its upcoming Virgo
laptop will be designed in the open — and to prove
it, has published its circuits’ design files to
GitHub under a reciprocal license.
“We will be moving Virgo laptop PCB design to this
public, GPLv3 licensed [GitHub repository],” Jeremy
Soller, System76 principal engineer, announced via
Twitter yesterday, shortly before the files went
live. “This will be the most open, modern x86
motherboard design I know of.”
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Review_of_SunFounder_Raspberry_Pi_UPS_Power
Supply⠀⇛
SunFounder’s Raspberry Pi UPS Power Supply is a
complete UPS kit for the Raspberry Pi 3/4 Model B/
B+ with a PiPower board, a 2,000 mAh battery, and
all accessories requires for the assembly. It also
works with other Raspberry Pi-sized boards such as
Banana Pi BPI-M5, Hardkernel ODROID-C4, Libre
Computer ROC-RK3328-CC, and other similar SBCs.
Many years ago, I bought a Raspberry Pi battery
pack for review hoping that it would also work as a
UPS, but it was not perfect as the board would
sometime reboot during power failure simulations.
Since then, there have been many UPS kits launched
to the market, but I didn’t try any so far, so when
SunFounder contacted CNX Software to review their
“Raspberry Pi UPS Power Supply”, I took the
opportunity, and I will report my finding in this
review.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ Raspberry_Pi:_Our_Code_Editor_is_open
source⠀⇛
We’ve made the code for our Code Editor open source
so people can repurpose and contribute to it. Here
are the details.
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ AWAKE_is_a_very_pretty_wake-up_light⠀⇛
Humans evolved to sleep and wake according to
natural light cycles. So it is strange that we, as
a society, have largely chosen to rely on blaring
alarms to wake up in the mornings.
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ Can_tripedal_robots_actually_walk?⠀⇛
Building walking robots is difficult, because they
either need a lot of legs or some ability to
balance through their gait. There is a reason that
the robots designed by companies like Boston
Dynamics are so impressive. But lots of hobbyists
have made bipedal and quadrupedal robots, while
largely ignoring tripedal robots.
# ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ AI_weed_killer_uses_sunlight_and_Raspberry
Pi⠀⇛
A TensorFlow custom image classification model
taught the robot to differentiate between weeds and
plants that Nathan wants to keep. When the
Raspberry Pi identifies a weed, the motors flip out
the giant lens and manoeuvre it into place directly
above the hapless plant. Photoresistors track the
direction from which the light is coming, and
provide the information needed to focus the sun’s
beam through the lens. Then the weed burns to
death. Sounds bleak, but nature is cruel by
necessity.
# ⚓ Andrew Hutchings ☛ Amiga_3000:_Restoration_Part_1⠀⇛
There has been a long running joke with my friend
Paulee that I would buy their Amiga 3000 from them.
Then, a week ago, they connected me to someone in
Canada who was looking to sell their Amiga 3000 at
a reasonable price. I purchased it and a couple of
days later, it arrived. It is working but needs a
little work, so let’s get into it.
# ⚓ Adafruit ☛ When_Open_Becomes_Opaque:_The_Changing_Face_of
Open-Source_Hardware_Companies⠀⇛
However, recently some open-source hardware
companies have either gone closed-source on
products, are in process of going closed-source,
are delaying the release of files/source code, or
require NDAs to obtain the software for an
advertised-as open-source hardware & OSHWA
certified product. Many of the formerly open-source
hardware and software based companies were built on
open-source, what will this mean for the users, and
open-source community going forward?
Why write about this? This article intends to
highlight some examples of what’s happening now as
part of the years I’ve spent covering open-source
and open-source hardware. Things are changing,
that’s for sure. For almost two decades, starting
at MAKE Magazine, including when I founded Hack a
Day (2004), then working full-time at Adafruit,
I’ve covered the start of open-source hardware and
all its ups and downs. From the open-source
hardware definition, the logo disputes, Arduino’s
former CEO ousting, and MakerBot going closed-
source – I’m stuck with this beat, and this beat is
stuck with me.
Since I have covered this beat for so long,
companies and individuals ask for assistance on a
regular basis when something is damaging the
community, false open-source claims, straight-up
code credit removal / attribution, or when
switcheroo behavior comes up. The current challenge
for helping out is that many of the companies or
people who are bending or breaking the rules have
specifically described Limor, myself, and Adafruit
as a competitor. The strategy is to assist folks
with open-source software and hardware disputes
privately, contacting the parties and see if there
is an agreeable resolution. The goal is to avoid a
Twitter fight and pile-on where it gets personal
and brings out the worst in everyone. So far,
communicating directly and privately has worked out
– there has been a “ruffling of feathers” when it’s
a self-described “competitor,” but other open-
source hardware companies are not competitors. The
best way to describe it is: we are at a skate park,
doing tricks, pushing what’s possible, and trying
to learn and share from each other for the next
trick – building upon each other to go to new
heights. Sometimes the next big trick doesn’t land
unless you can learn from someone else.
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ This_Bluetooth_tank_is_a_perfect_first_robot⠀⇛
The project starts with a tracked robot chassis
kit, which includes the frame, DC motors, hubs, and
tracks. An Arduino Nano Every board controls those
motors through an L298N H-bridge driver. An HC-05
module adds connectivity and power comes from a 9V
battery. The electronics enclosures are 3D-
printable, but you can also use any pre-built
project box. If you do have a 3D printer, you can
also add a tank turret rotated by a 9g micro servo
motor.
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Mows_Your_Lawn_So_You_Don’t
Have_To⠀⇛
According to Ulli, he’s been working alongside TGD-
Consulting, a German IT firm, to develop the mower
and create some software that’s effective and easy
to use. As of right now, the project is still in
development so it’s not quite finished yet. Most
recently, Ulli has 3D printed a chassis for the
basic hardware components that enable them to test
the latest software release.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Google_could_be_working_on_a_‘Connected
Flight_Mode’_for_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Are_Android_Tablets_Finally_Worth_Buying?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Dignited ☛ Common_Android_Features_Missing_on_Pixel_Phones
–_Dignited⠀⇛
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Share_Photos_and_Videos_From_the
Google_Photos_App_on_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Central ☛ Moto_G_Stylus_5G_(2023)_vs._Samsung
Galaxy_A34_5G_|_Android_Central⠀⇛
# ⚓ Digital Trends ☛ I_ditched_my_iPad_Pro_for_an_Android
tablet_— here’s_why_|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛
# ⚓ SamMobile ☛ Android_Auto_update_brings_new_Google_Assistant
design_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ India Times ☛ Android_Upgrade_Invite:_Here’s_how_Google
will_convince_you_to_install_an_Android_update_–_Times_of
India⠀⇛
# ⚓ Sportskeeda ☛ Best_smartwatches_for_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ SamMobile ☛ Another_Galaxy_S23_Android_14_One_UI_6.0_test
firmware_spotted!_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o ⚓ Medevel ☛ Swiple:_Open-source_Automated_Data_Monitoring⠀⇛
The data quality automation plugin for data teams.
Experience data quality observability in your ELT/ETL
pipeline that would usually take a year to build, in just
a few hours.
o ⚓ Medevel ☛ DQO:_Open-source_Data_Quality_Operations_Center⠀⇛
DQO is a powerful DataOps friendly data quality
monitoring tool that is designed to help you monitor and
maintain the quality of your data. With DQO, you get
access to a wide range of customizable data quality
checks and data quality dashboards that make it easy to
keep an eye
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ Mozilla ☛ Support.Mozilla.Org:_Introducing_our_recent
new_hires⠀⇛
Hey folks,
I’m so thrilled to introduce you to our
team’s recent new hires. This week, we’re
joined by 3 new folks and here’s a bit of an
intro from the 3 of them:
1. Sarto Jama – Community Manager
Hey guys, Sarto Jama here! I’m a
Community Manager here at Mozilla.
I was born and raised in Atlanta,
where I currently reside with my 9
year old daughter (huge fan of
Minecraft and Legos). Before
finding my way to Community
management, I spent five and a half
years supporting a product called
Knack. Knack allows users to easily
build database apps. Knack is a
much smaller company than Mozilla,
so I was able to wear many hats
during my time there. I’ve worked
in Customer Support, helped build
and managed their knowledge base,
moonlighted as a member of the QA
team, served on the hiring
committee, helped establish the
Technical Support team there and
honestly a little bit of everything
in between. When I’m not trying
#allthethings,
o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾
# ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ Ora2Pg_24.0_have_been_released⠀⇛
Montreal, Canada – July 5th, 2023
§ Ora2Pg
Version 24.0 of Ora2Pg, a free and reliable tool
used to migrate an Oracle database to PostgreSQL,
has been officially released and is publicly
available for download.
This major release adds official support to
migration of SQL Server database to PostgreSQL. It
also fixes several issues reported since past
height months and adds some new features and
improvements.
# ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ pgCluu_v3.5_released⠀⇛
§ pgCluu – PostgreSQL Cluster Utilization
pgCluu is a Perl program used to perform a full
audit of a PostgreSQL Cluster performances. It is
divided in two parts, a collector used to grab
statistics on the PostgreSQL server using psql and
sar, a reports builder that will generate all HTML
and charts output.
This is a maintenance release that fixes issues
reported since the past six months and adds support
to PostgreSQL 16.
# ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ Announcing_SQLPage:_Build_Dynamic_Web
Applications_in_SQL⠀⇛
✐ 👨💻 Introduction⠀✐
SQLPage is a free_and_open-source_tool_for_building
beautiful_web_apps_entirely_in_SQL.
It is a small single binary executable that runs a
web server, executes .sql files on demand, and
renders the results using a wide array of pre-
defined web components.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ Congratulations_to_all_2022/23
participants⠀⇛
We announce the winning and highly commended teams
of young people who coded experiments for this
year’s Astro Pi Mission Space Lab.
# ⚓ Olimex ☛ Olimex’s_soldering_workshop_in_Burgas_tomorrow!⠀⇛
The workshop will start from 12.30 and will be up
to 16.00
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ OpenCV_4.8.0_Is_Now_Available!⠀⇛
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ 10_Open-source_Popular_React_Calendar_Libraries⠀⇛
React is a powerful and popular JavaScript library
used to build modern web applications.
# ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Stop_Overengineering⠀⇛
Overengineering works against results. Shifting the
focus away from results is never good — for
personal projects, corporate codebases, or anything
in between.
# ⚓ Daniel Lemire ☛ Recognizing_string_prefixes_with_SIMD
instructions⠀⇛
Suppose that I give you a long list of string
tokens (e.g., “A”, “A6”, “AAAA”, “AFSDB”, “APL”,
“CAA”, “CDS”, “CDNSKEY”, “CERT”, “CH”, “CNAME”,
“CS”, “CSYNC”, “DHC”, etc.). I give you a pointer
inside a much larger string and I ask you whether
you are pointing at one of these tokens, and if so,
which one. To make things slightly more
complicated, you want the token to be followed by a
valid separator (e.g., a space, a semi-colon, etc.)
and you want to ignore the case (so that “aaaa”
matches “AAAA”).
How might you solve this efficiently?
# ⚓ Olimex ☛ AgonLight_Week_Programming_Challenge_–_ISSUE_4⠀⇛
AgonLight Programming challenge is here again! I
just wanted to give you some time to rest and
refresh for the next round!
As you know we changed the format now you have
whole week to solve the problem, not just a
weekend!
# § Java⠀➾
# ⚓ Fernando Borretti ☛ Why_Checked_Exceptions_Failed⠀⇛
Java has this feature called checked
exceptions, why lets you annotate a method
with the set of exceptions it may throw, like
so: [...]
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Ali Reza Hayati ☛ The_urge_of_microblogging⠀⇛
Microblogging is so addictive. Whatever you do or
whatever interesting happens to you will go online with
microblogs and we do that unconsciously because we’re
used to it. We see that kind of stuff and we do that so
constantly that we don’t even realize what we’re doing no
more. That scares me. The urge for microblogging, no
matter how wonderful it is, scares me.
o ⚓ Jim Nielsen ☛ Things_I_Like_Over_Things_I_Don’t⠀⇛
Then, in master blogger style, he linked me to one of his
own posts explaining why he thinks the way he does:
I realized that the people I admire most don’t only
criticize technology they dislike. Rather, they amplify
the things they enjoy.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ Futurism ☛ Scientist_Claims_Universe_Is_Twice_as_Old_as_We
Thought⠀⇛
And make no mistake: the dominant theory is still
that the universe is 13.7 billion years and
expanding. But, in a surprising twist, University
of Ottawa astronomer Rajendra Gupta has dusted off
Zwicky’s work with a new theory that he says
reconciles the two models — and concludes that the
universe may actually be 26.7 billion years old, or
twice as old as its generally accepted age.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Times Higher Education ☛ Student_use_of_machine_translation
‘a_debate_we_have_to_have’⠀⇛
Dr Gniel said students were using tools such as
Google Translate to convert work from their first
languages into English, then polishing it with
proofreading apps such as Grammarly – practices
they would undoubtedly continue in the workplace
after graduation.
But such behaviour was problematic while they were
still at university, she said, because of the
expectation that they were educated in English. If
courses had been delivered in other languages,
institutions were legally required to note this on
testamurs.
# ⚓ Gannett ☛ Thailand_cave_rescuer_delivers_commencement
speech_to_survivor’s_class,_5_years_after_rescue⠀⇛
After nine days of surviving off minimal
freshwater, Samon and the rest of the team were
found by Rick Stanton, a volunteer from an elite
British diving team. Stanton and the team supplied
all the 13 of them with medicine and foil blanks
before bringing them to the surface over three
days.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ IT Jungle ☛ Spending_On_Legacy_Systems_Stalls_In_Q1,_2023
Forecast_Looks_Weak⠀⇛
Neither Gartner nor IDC put out their quarterly
server and storage reports for the public anymore,
but IDC does still release a converged dataset that
adds server and storage spending together and
carves it up based on if it is spend on the clouds
or for traditional – what we would call legacy –
systems. The latest results are out for the first
quarter of 2023, and there is what looks like a
temporary stall in legacy system spending and it
looks like it is going to get worse here in 2023
but return to growth in the coming years.
# ⚓ J Pieper ☛ moteus_firmware_releases⠀⇛
It is embarrassing how long this issue has been
outstanding, but ever since the flexible I/O system
was introduced, there has been an issue where if
the gear reduction was configured to a value other
than 1, then the output position would drift from
the source encoder over time. If control was not
active, you would see the position drift, and if
control was active, then moteus would report the
correct position, but the actual position would
drift.
o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾
# ⚓ India Times ☛ ChatGPT_co_faces_FTC_probe_over_tech_harms⠀⇛
The FTC’s investigation poses the first major
regulatory threat to OpenAI. Sam Altman, the
startup’s co-founder, testified in Congress in May
and said he invited AI legislation to oversee the
fast-growing industry, which is under scrutiny
because of how the technology can potentially kill
jobs and spread disinformation. OpenAI did not
respond to a request for comment.
# ⚓ Teleport ☛ Version_Control_Best_Practices_With_Teleport
RBAC_Roles⠀⇛
Checking in your Teleport RBAC roles into some kind
of version control lets you collaborate with other
engineers smoothly. It keeps everyone in the loop,
showing who changed what, when and why. This is
crucial from a day-to-day standpoint as well as an
audit and compliance one. While you might get away
with managing your RBAC roles yourself locally if
you have a tiny team, version control becomes
increasingly important at scale for three main
reasons: maintaining accountability thus providing
a clear chain of custody, having a history of
changes, and reducing overall complexity.
# § Windows TCO⠀➾
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Microsoft_comes_under_pressure_as_more
details_of_breach_emerge⠀⇛
Microsoft is coming under increasing pressure
from both the security community and the US
government after it was disclosed that the
company’s cloud platform was breached and
emails stolen from a number of government
agencies, allegedly by Chinese attackers.
Adding to the pressure on the Redmond
software giant is the fact that the breach
itself was discovered by employees of the US
State Department who then informed Microsoft
about it.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Microsoft_cloud_breached,_but_US_Government
had_to_tell_it_so⠀⇛
The email account of US Commerce Secretary
Gina Raimondo was among a slew of accounts
breached at both the State and Commerce
Departments by attackers, claimed to be from
China, who gained access through a
vulnerability in Microsoft’s Azure cloud
platform.
# ⚓ The Washington Post ☛ Chinese_[crackers]_breach_email
of_Commerce_Secretary_Raimondo_and_State_Department
officials⠀⇛
The Microsoft vulnerability was discovered
last month by the State Department. Also
targeted were the email accounts of a
congressional staffer, a U.S. human rights
advocate and U.S. think tanks, officials and
security professionals said. State and
Commerce were the only two executive branch
agencies known to be breached, officials
said.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Microsoft_blithely_signing_malicious
drivers_with_legitimate_certificates⠀⇛
In a statement, the security firm said
drivers signed by WHCP would be fully trusted
by any Windows system. This meant “attackers
can install them without raising any alarms
and proceed to carry out malicious activity
virtually unimpeded”,
This phenomenon does not appear to be new; in
2021, as British security guru Kevin Beaumont
pointed out on Mastodon, Microsoft did
exactly the same thing.
# ⚓ Tampa Bay ☛ Hillsborough_notifies_70,000_of_potential
data_breach_in_health,_aging_services⠀⇛
A county news release said MOVEit, notified
the county of a breach June 1 and staff began
installing security measures. On June 18, the
county’s cyber security staff learned files
belong to the Health Care Services and Aging
Services departments had potentially been at
risk. The files contained protected health
and personal information, including names,
Social Security numbers, dates of birth, home
addresses, medical conditions, diagnoses and
disabilities.
# ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Chinese_[cracking]_operation_puts
Microsoft_in_the_crosshairs_over_security_failures⠀⇛
As the Biden administration pushes a so-
called “secure by default” approach to
cybersecurity as a part of the White House
National Cybersecurity Strategy, the fact
that Microsoft up-charges customers for
security features — even to discover its own
flaws — has some officials questioning the
reliance on huge tech firms that play a
central role in Washington’s broader computer
security initiatives.
“Offering insecure products and then charging
people premium features necessary to not get
[breached] is like selling a car and then
charging extra for seatbelts and airbags,”
Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., said in a statement.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ F.T.C._Opens_Investigation_Into
ChatGPT_Maker_Over_Technology’s_Potential_Harms⠀⇛
In a 20-page letter sent to the San Francisco
company this week, the agency said it was
also looking into OpenAI’s security
practices. The F.T.C. asked OpenAI dozens of
questions in its letter, including how the
start-up trains its A.I. models and treats
personal data, and said the company should
provide the agency with documents and
details.
The F.T.C. is examining whether OpenAI
“engaged in unfair or deceptive privacy or
data security practices or engaged in unfair
or deceptive practices relating to risks of
harm to consumers,” the letter said.
o § Linux Foundation⠀➾
# ⚓ CNCF_CTO_Foresees_Larger_Orchestration_Role_for
Kubernetes⠀⇛
Cloud Native Computing Foundation CTO Chris
Aniszczyk said the role Kubernetes plays in
enterprise IT environments is on the verge of
expanding beyond simply orchestrating containers.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Friday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by Debian
(lemonldap-ng and php-dompdf), Red Hat (.NET 6.0,
.NET 7.0, firefox, and thunderbird), Scientific
Linux (firefox and thunderbird), SUSE (ghostscript,
installation-images, kernel, php7, python, and
python-Django), and Ubuntu (linux-azure, linux-gcp,
linux-ibm, linux-oracle, mozjs102, postgresql-9.5,
and tiff).
# ⚓ Mirror UK ☛ Sex_abuse_victim’s_details_could_be_among
hundreds_revealed_by_data_breach⠀⇛
A sex abuse survivor is one of “around 400” victims
of a “chilling” data breach, it tonight has
emerged.
The London Mayor’s Office blunder, currently under
investigation, involves complaints about policing
in the capital being made wrongly accessible via an
official website. The survivor of sexual abuse has
described her distress tonight.
The probe centres on the London Mayor’s Office
online forms which were hosted by the Greater
London Authority’s website.
# ⚓ Tampa Bay ☛ Hillsborough_notifies_70,000_of_potential_data
breach_in_health,_aging_services⠀⇛
Hillsborough County has notified more than 70,000
people that a global data breach may have put their
personal information at risk.
The breach involved the MOVEit file transfer tool,
a third-party service that complies with federal
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA) regulations.
The breach also may have affected 106 people
employed by a dozen vendors used by the county’s
Aging Services Department.
# ⚓ Citrix_fixed_a_critical_flaw_in_Secure_Access_Client_for
Ubuntu [Ed: Typical proprietary software]⠀⇛
Citrix addressed a critical vulnerability, tracked
as CVE-2023-24492 (CVSS score of 9.6), affecting
the Secure Access client for Ubuntu that could be
exploited to achieve remote code execution.
An attacker can trigger the vulnerability by
tricking the victim into opening a specially
crafted link and accepting further prompts.
# ⚓ Benefit_from_Linux_Security⠀⇛
The siloed security of traditional SAP environments
is reaching its limits in an era of increasing
interconnectivity between SAP and non-SAP systems.
Will this lead to compromises in process landscape
security?
The answer is no. Established security layers from
the open source and Linux world are also certified
for SAP landscapes. Supported by an automated
solution, they can even simplify and increase IT
security. There are many tried and tested features
available for Linux that also improve IT security
in a sustainable manner, which can now be
increasingly curated and certified for use in SAP
landscapes.
# ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Fake_Linux_vulnerability_exploit_drops
data-stealing_malware [Ed: Typical FUD from Microsoft-
connected sites, perhaps trying to shift focus to "Linux"
after Microsoft diddled the entire US government with its
clown computing breach (Microsoft blames "China")]⠀⇛
Cybersecurity researchers and threat actors are
targeted by a fake proof of concept (PoC) CVE-2023-
35829 exploit that installs a Linux password-
stealing malware.
Uptycs analysts discovered the malicious PoC during
their routine scans when detection systems flagged
irregularities such as unexpected network
connections, unauthorized system access attempts,
and atypical data transfers.
# ⚓ Hacker News ☛ Fake_PoC_for_Linux_Kernel_Vulnerability_on
GitHub_Exposes_Researchers_to_Malware [Ed: This is not a
Linux issue but social engineering. GitHub is Microsoft/NSA
proprietary software. People who use it already disregard
security.]⠀⇛
In a sign that cybersecurity researchers continue
to be under the radar of malicious actors, a proof-
of-concept (PoC) has been discovered on GitHub,
concealing a backdoor with a “crafty” persistence
method.
# ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ AVrecon_malware_infects_70,000_Linux
routers_to_build_botnet[Ed: They're not Linux routers, the
issue is further up the stack, sometimes bad passwords.
Anything to distract from what Microsoft just did to the US
government?]⠀⇛
“We suspect the threat actor focused on the type of
SOHO devices users would be less likely to patch
against common vulnerabilities and exposures
(CVEs),” Black Lotus Labs said.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ An_Indiana_Police_Department_Has_Been
Using_Clearview_AI_For_A_Year,_Much_To_The_Surprise_Of
Its_Oversight⠀⇛
Out of all the purveyors of facial
recognition tech, Clearview is by far the
sketchiest. It has compiled billions of
photos and other personal info by doing
little more than scraping the internet of
anything that isn’t locked down. Web scraping
isn’t inherently evil, but Clearview
certainly makes scraping appear malicious.
# ⚓ NYOB ☛ „Pay_or_Okay“_on_tech_news_site_heise.de
illegal,_decides_German_DPA._Major_implications_for
many_other_German_news_pages.⠀⇛
One of the largest German-language tech news
sites, heise.de, made users choose between
paying for a monthly subscription or having
their personal data processed for advertising
and many other purposes. The Data Protection
Authority of Lower Saxony (LfD) decided that
their “Pay or Okay” approach from 2021 was
unlawful. This is yet another blow to news
outlets that use such a model on their
websites, after the Austrian Data Protection
Authority (DSB) declared the implementation
on an Austrian news page unlawful earlier
this year.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Industry_Reactions_to_EU-US_Data
Privacy_Framework:_Feedback_Friday⠀⇛
While many have applauded the new deal,
privacy advocates are not pleased with the
EU-US Data Privacy Framework.
European non-profit privacy organization Noyb
said it plans on challenging the pact,
arguing that the new framework is largely a
copy of the failed Privacy Shield. Noyb co-
founder and chair Max Schrems noted that the
“latest deal is not based on material
changes, but political interests”.
# ⚓ Franz Dill ☛ Cracking_Down_on_Dissent,_Russia_Seeds_a
Surveillance_Supply_Chain⠀⇛
Fascinating term: Supply Chain, used in this
context
# ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Legislators_Vote_Forward_Bill_That_Would
Turn_Tech_Platforms_Into_DEA_Narcs⠀⇛
On Thursday, the U.S. Senate Judiciary
Committee voted forward a bill that would
force tech companies to report web users to
the Drug Enforcement Agency if they suspected
them of engaging in criminal drug activity.
The controversial Cooper Davis Act, named so
after a Kansas teenager who died of a
fentanyl overdose in 2021, has rankled
privacy advocates, who see the proposed
legislation as a gateway to broad internet
surveillance efforts by the federal
government. Proponents of the bill say it
would help crack down on illicit drug markets
that have been proliferating on social media
platforms.
The committee, which had been debating the
bill for weeks, voted to advance it 16-5. The
proposed law now heads to the Senate floor,
where it could soon be subject to a debate
and a general vote.
# ⚓ Computer World ☛ Apple_launches_Tap_to_Pay_on_iPhone
for_UK_business⠀⇛
The system is iPhone simple. Once you sign up
with a payment provider, you can set up your
device to accept payments using that
partner’s system. To take a payment, you use
the NFC chip inside your iPhone to read
contactless cards, including credit and debit
cards and digital wallets, including Apple’s
Wallet/Apple Pay.
At checkout, the merchant will simply prompt
the customer to hold their contactless
payment solution near the vendor’s iPhone,
and payment is made. No additional hardware
is required.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_NSA_Is_It’s_Own_Worst_Enemy⠀⇛
While the government often likes to claim
people like Edward Snowden and Julian Assange
are the dangerous actors in revealing the
inner workings of the U.S. security state,
Bamford’s journalism exposes the irony in
shifting the blame. Nefarious surveillance
and military equipment has been co-opted by
foreign governments by way of the NSA yet not
much has been done about it. “[T]here’s all
this effort to silence whistleblowers when
there is no effort to really stop foreign
countries from accessing the material that
NSA has and then… use it against American
citizens,” Bamford said.
# ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ Transforming_business_begins
with_IT⠀⇛
Khot describes the power of advanced data
analytics to both improve a company’s
understanding of its customers and to
optimize its operations. The ability to
combine internal company data with data
collected from social media and at point of
sale will enable savvy companies to recognize
new patterns. These advanced analytics, he
says, will go beyond answering standard
questions about financials and historical
performance to provide insight into more
complex questions about customers’ thoughts
and changing preferences.
# ⚓ EFF ☛ Even_the_Government_Thinks_It_Should_Stop
Buying_Corporate_Surveillance_Data⠀⇛
U.S. government intelligence agencies are
buying data about us. The danger to our civil
liberties is so extreme that even the Office
of the Director of National Intelligence
(ODNI) said things have gone too far in a
detailed report released in June.
The report explains that federal intelligence
agencies, like the NSA and FBI, do more than
just conduct their own surveillance: they
also buy data from private surveillance
companies. This is a powerful partnership:
the government’s desire to surveil us aligns
well with corporations’ incentives in the
surveillance economy. When intelligence
agencies buy our data, they do not even
follow basic constitutional safeguards—like
obtaining warrants—since they say the
purchased data is “publicly available.” In
other words, since many data brokers will
sell our personal data to anyone,
intelligence agencies see no reason to treat
that data as protected by the Fourth
Amendment.
But the report warns that when the government
buys data about us, it threatens our privacy
and civil liberties, something EFF has been
saying for years. The government should not
escape warrant requirements simply by paying
private surveillance companies. As the report
says, commercially available data, just like
data the government collects itself, can be
“misused to pry into private lives, ruin
reputations, and cause emotional distress and
threaten the safety of individuals.” This
commercially available data “can disclose,
for example, the detailed movements and
associations of individuals and groups,
revealing political, religious, travel, and
speech activities.”
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Sudan_Conflict:_Neighboring_Countries_Meeting_in
Cairo⠀⇛
Thursday’s meeting in Cairo comes weeks after the
several failed attempts between Saudi Arabia and
the United States in the meetings held in the Saudi
city of Jeddah. Washington and Riad initiatives did
not result in any agreement between both sides of
the conflict to stop fighting and commit to cease-
fire.
# ⚓ ADF ☛ Wagner_Mutiny_Has_Lessons,_Implications_for_Africa⠀⇛
As the dust settles after the 36-hour rebellion by
Yevgeny Prigozhin’s Wagner Group against Vladimir
Putin, some observers see parallels to fighting in
Sudan. Like Wagner, the Sudanese Rapid Support
Forces (RSF) is a powerful paramilitary group that
was funded and heavily armed by its government.
# ⚓ ANF News ☛ TGS:_Without_good_journalism,_there_can_be_no
democracy⠀⇛
A recent study by the Journalists Union of Turkey
(TGS) highlights challenges faced by journalists in
the country, including low wages, long working
hours, mobbing and censorship.
Supported by the European Federation of Journalists
(EFJ), the study entitled “Journalism in Turkey:
Perception and Profile” provides a deep insight
into key findings about various aspects of the
profession in the country.
# ⚓ The Economist ☛ What_would_Europe_do_if_Trump_won?⠀⇛
Under President Joe Biden, America has provided the
lion’s share of military aid to Ukraine and the
leadership to muster the West’s response. If the
war shows the value of American protection,
Trumpian populism may prove how fast it can be
lost.
# ⚓ Salon ☛ Be_very_afraid:_Trump’s_“Agenda_47″_is_no_joke⠀⇛
But nothing about Agenda 47 is childish, innocent,
or funny. Fascism in its various forms is a
revolutionary project that draws inspiration from a
fictive past and “golden age” in order to destroy
the current order and replace with some type of
ideal society based upon the authoritarian leader
and the movement. Trump’s Agenda 47 fits that model
almost perfectly.
I asked Paul Mason, who is author of the book “How
to Stop Fascism: History, Ideology, Resistance” for
his thoughts about Trump’s Agenda 47 and the
mainstream new media and political class’s failure
to take it seriously. Via email he warned: [...]
# ⚓ JURIST ☛ UK_parliamentary_report_says_China_poses_broad
‘security_threat’⠀⇛
The wide-reaching report details what the
Committee, chaired by Conservative Party MP Sir
Julian Murray Lewis, regards as China’s extensive
interference with UK academia, politics, technology
and industry. The report concludes that the UK’s
current approach to what it describes as a “whole
of state” assault by the Chinese government is
“completely inadequate” and says that China has
“taken advantage” of UK infrastructure.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Ex-Twitter_employees_owed_half_a_billion
in_severance,_says_lawsuit⠀⇛
The lawsuit also claims that only a touch over
1,000 people are left working at Twitter 2.0, just
as the billionaire is launching his new xAI biz
with newly installed CEO Linda Yaccarino now
running the show. The legal filing claims: “Upon
information and belief, Twitter has terminated
approximately 6,000 employees since Mr. Musk’s
takeover, reducing the Company’s workforce from
over 7,500 to around 1,300.”
# ⚓ [Repeat] Digital Music News ☛ ByteDance_Is_Now_Allowing_US-
Based_TikTok_Employees_to_Cash_Out_Shares_Pre-IPO⠀⇛
ByteDance initiated its stock buyback programs for
its global employees in 2017, with the most recent
round occurring in April 2023. The programs were
not previously accessible to employees without
fully vested stock. According to the same sources,
ByteDance is planning another stock buyback program
in Q3 2023. Employees own 20% of ByteDance, while
founders own 20%, and global investors own the
other 60%.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Solomon_Islands_says_China_police_pact
not_a_‘threat’⠀⇛
Western powers have raised fears the deal could
inflame regional tensions.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Australia_and_New_Zealand_urge_China
to_reveal_details_of_Solomon_Islands_policing_deal⠀⇛
Australia and New Zealand have urged China to
release the details of a new policing pact with
Solomon Islands, saying Beijing’s latest push for
influence threatens to inflame tensions in the
South Pacific.
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Kerry:_China_won’t_surrender_‘developing_country’
rights⠀⇛
US climate envoy says China won’t give up a status
that lets it commit to less stringent emission
reductions.
# ⚓ Will_the_workplaces_be_closed_on_extreme_heat_days?⠀⇛
Worker’s Party of Turkey Chairperson Erkan Baş
submitted a parliamentary question and asked if the
workplaces will be closed in order to protect
workers health and reduce their life-threatening
risks.
# § War in Ukraine⠀➾
# ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuanian_energy_facilities_to_be_protected
from_drones⠀⇛
Lithuania’s electricity and gas transmission
system operators Litgrid and Amber Grid are
planning to purchase systems capable of
detecting and neutralising unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) and install them at 19 energy
facilities.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “A_Historic_Mistake”:_Swedish_Peace
Activist_Decries_Move_to_Join_NATO_&_Abandon
Neutrality⠀⇛
Sweden may soon join NATO after over a year
of negotiations with Turkey over its bid for
accession to the transatlantic military
alliance. Turkey’s right-wing President Recep
Tayyip Erdoğan had staunchly opposed Sweden’s
bid due to the country’s strong presence of
Kurdish exiles, including members of the
outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party, which
Turkey considers a “terrorist” organization.
Erdoğan attributed his unexpected change of
heart to Turkey’s own bid to join the
European Union, which has been stalled for
years, suggesting he will open the doors to
Sweden in NATO if Turkey is in turn granted
entry to the EU. We hear from Swedish peace
activist Kerstin Bergeå in Stockholm, who
says the decision to join NATO has lacked
sufficient public debate in the country and
who calls the move “a historic mistake.”
Bergeå is president of the 140-year-old
Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society, one of
the oldest peace groups in the world.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ On_eve_of_summit,_NATO_secures_big_win⠀⇛
Turkey is a valued member of NATO for its
military strength and strategic location. But
it’s often at odds with members. That came to
a head in a dispute over Sweden. Monday
brought a breakthrough.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Turkey_Agrees_to_Support_Sweden’s
NATO_Bid⠀⇛
The move came after the Turkish president’s
surprising new demand that the European Union
should move forward with his country’s bid to
join the bloc, one day before a high-profile
summit.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ A_Third_Way?⠀⇛
Last season, when fires fiercely scorched northern
Canada, who would have predicted that this year far
more acreage would burn nationwide long before the
fire season was faintly near an end, sending yet
more carbon into the atmosphere to make future
seasons even worse? Oh, and just recently, the
planet experienced its hottest day ever, in all of
human history — or at least during the last 125,000
years. But count on one thing: it won’t be the
hottest day ever for long. (Oh, wait! The very next
day, July 4th, proved in true patriotic fashion to
be even hotter and the following day tied it for
the record with, by the way, 57 million Americans
under an extreme heat watch!) In the weeks to come,
we may even pass the 1.5°C temperature limit set
just eight years ago as part of the Paris climate
agreement. And the saddest thing of all is that I
could go on and on… and yes, on.
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ BBC_Under_Fire_for_Doing_Pesticide_Giant’s_PR⠀⇛
Sustainable farming advocates have criticised the
content for favouring industrial agriculture, which
is heavily dependent on chemical pesticides and
fertilisers. They expressed shock that the BBC did
not widely interview critics of the controversial
technologies featured, including those used and
sold by Corteva.
# ⚓ Greece ☛ Motorists_should_only_fill_up_after_sunset,
Environment_Ministry_says⠀⇛
The Ministry of Environment and Energy has also
urged motorists to cut down on the use of their
cars in favour of public transport as the heat
leads to the accumulation of pollutants in the air.
# ⚓ Greece ☛ Over_9_million_citizens_experience_temperatures
above_39_degrees⠀⇛
A heatmap produced by the service showed that 7.6
million inhabitants experienced temperatures
ranging from 39 to 41 degrees and 1.1 million
inhabitants temperatures of 41 to 43 degrees.
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_death_of_a_road_worker_during_Italy’s_hellish
heat_wave_is_a_labor_rights_issue⠀⇛
A sweltering heat wave has hit Italy this week and
likely caused the death of a road worker, a tragedy
that was avoidable (link in Italian) according to a
trade union representative, should appropriate
precautions have been taken.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ ‘Things_Don’t_Always_Change_in_a_Nice,
Gradual_Way’⠀⇛
Climate change feels more real now than ever.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Surviving_Extreme_Heat⠀⇛
A dispatch from Phoenix.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Leaks_Can_Make_Natural_Gas_as_Bad_as_Coal
for_Climate,_Study_Says⠀⇛
The findings cast doubt on the idea that natural
gas can serve as a transitional fuel to a future
powered entirely by renewables like solar and wind.
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ US_envoy_John_Kerry_to_head_to_China
as_world’s_biggest_polluters_set_to_resume_climate_talks⠀⇛
US envoy John Kerry will travel to China on Sunday,
the State Department said, as the world’s two
biggest polluters work to restart talks on climate
change.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ EU_lawmakers_back_major_plan_to_fight_climate
change,_protect_nature⠀⇛
The European Union’s parliament on Wednesday backed
a major plan to protect nature and fight climate
change in a cliffhanger vote that had the 27-nation
bloc’s global green credentials at stake.
# ⚓ New Yorker ☛ Will_Record_Temperatures_Finally_Force
Political_Change?⠀⇛
The climate activist Bill McKibben discusses this
week’s weather, which he calls a “truly remarkable
moment in the history of the planet.”
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ World’s_biggest_climate_fund_makes_its
largest_water_investment⠀⇛
The South Korea-based Green Climate Fund has
contributed $312 million to a water reuse funding
facility in South Africa.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_Once_and_Future_Climate_Emergency⠀⇛
Heavy rains have caused catastrophic flooding and
soaring temperatures are heating up oceans and
cities. But emergency response often seems more
popular than prevention on many issues.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ After_a_Bitter_Fight,_European_Lawmakers
Pass_a_Bill_to_Repair_Nature⠀⇛
The measure would require E.U. countries to restore
damaged natural habitats.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Florida_Ocean_Temperatures_Are_in_the_90s
Fahrenheit,_Posing_Risk_to_Coral⠀⇛
Researchers are recording ocean temperatures that
pose severe risks to coral reefs and other marine
life.
# ⚓ Science Alert ☛ ‘Underground_Climate_Change’_Threatens_to
Destabilize_Buildings⠀⇛
We built this city.
# ⚓ France24 ☛ Backlash_against_Nature_Restoration_Law_shows
deep_divides_in_European_Parliament⠀⇛
The future of the EU’s flagship environment law
hangs in the balance after a coalition of centrist
and right-wing parties mounted an attack campaign
in the European Parliament. The Nature Restoration
Law now heads to a decisive vote on Wednesday with
the EU’s climate neutrality targets at stake.
# ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Study_reveals_forest_may_adapt_to_climate
change,_but_not_quickly_enough⠀⇛
Climate change is posing a significant threat to
America’s forests as rising temperatures and
decreasing moisture levels create unfavorable
conditions for trees. A recent study conducted by
researchers from UC Santa Barbara and the
University of Utah has shed light on the potential
fate of these woodlands in the near future. By
combining mathematical models with data collected
by the U.S. Forest Service and plant physiologists,
the study aimed to assess the vulnerability of
forests to drought and their capacity to adapt to
changing conditions.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Why_large-scale_global_flooding_could_become
new_normal⠀⇛
Many countries are experiencing deadly flooding
this week and climate scientists say this is par
for the course in a warming world. Climate
pollutants, mainly carbon dioxide and methane, are
holding more heat in the atmosphere.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Vermont_Floods_Show_U.S._Lags_in_Adapting
to_Climate_Change⠀⇛
The lack of a comprehensive national rainfall
database and current flood maps hampers the ability
to prepare for storms intensified by climate
change.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ When_Climate_Change_Hits_Home⠀⇛
A dispatch from the flooded house of our new lead
writer.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Human_Rights_Activists_Warn_Climate-Induced
Heat_Waves_Are_Killing_Asylum_Seekers_at_the_Border⠀⇛
A massive heat dome is starting to engulf the
southern United States this week. It could grow to
be one of the worst in the region’s history,
breaking records for intensity and longevity and
impacting some 50 million people in Florida, Texas,
New Mexico, Arizona, Southern California and
Nevada. Heat domes are a key part of heat waves and
have become hotter and longer due to climate
change, making heat the leading cause of weather-
related death in the United States. Along the
Southwest border, more than 100 migrants have
already died from heat this year amid the Biden
administration’s continued crackdown on asylum
seekers. We hear from Laurie Cantillo, a board
member and volunteer with Humane Borders, which
works to maintain water stations for migrants
crossing the Sonoran Desert and Organ Pipe Cactus
National Monument along the Arizona-Mexico border,
as well as Eddie Canales, director of the South
Texas Human Rights Center, who condemns the U.S.’s
policy of migrant deterrence as inhumane and
ineffective and says that “migrant deaths will
continue to happen until we have a policy [to
receive] workers … [and] to deal with the lack of
human rights in their home [countries].”
# ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Federal_backing_for_Rio_Tinto_refinery
hydrogen_pilot⠀⇛
A major emitter, Rio Tinto’s alumina refinery in
Queensland, has attracted federal support to switch
gas use for renewable hydrogen.
More than 17,000 workers in Australia’s emissions-
intensive aluminium industry, which brings in
around $14 billion in export revenue each year, are
on the frontline of efforts to curb climate change
by slashing greenhouse gas emissions.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Meet_the_TV_Meteorologist_Who_Quit_After
Facing_Death_Threats_for_Explaining_Climate_Crisis_on_Air⠀⇛
Chris Gloninger resigned from his position as chief
meteorologist for KCCI-TV in Des Moines, Iowa, on
Friday after receiving death threats as a direct
result of reporting on climate change. One man
behind the emails has pleaded guilty to harassment.
We speak with Gloninger, now a senior climate
scientist at the Woods Hole Group, about the
difficulties scientists and journalists face when
reporting on the climate crisis. “Meteorologists
need to be doing this more, not less,” says
Gloninger.
# ⚓ New Yorker ☛ What_to_Do_with_Climate_Emotions⠀⇛
If the goal is to insure that the planet remains
habitable, what is the right degree of panic, and
how do you bear it?
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Xi_calls_for_a_shift_towards
controlling_China’s_carbon_emissions⠀⇛
China will have to lower traditional energy’s share
on the basis of reliable and safe renewables.
# ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Surreal_Photos_of_People_Chilling_in
Bomb_Shelters_to_Beat_the_Heat_In_China⠀⇛
Shelters built in the runup to World War II are
being used to avoid the heat wave.
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ Breach Media ☛ How_Quebec_won_the_world’s_first
ban_on_oil_and_gas_extraction⠀⇛
The story of the social movement that
won a massive climate victory has never
been fully told (until now)…
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ US_Oil-Linked_Pressure_Group_Attacks
EU_Green_Policies,_Breaks_Lobbying_Rules⠀⇛
Consumer Choice Center, a libertarian
outfit, has advocated against green
regulations in the EU without being
registered as a lobbying group, DeSmog
can reveal.
The US-based organisation – which has
links to a network of fossil fuel
funded think tanks and advocacy groups
– has opposed climate-friendly measures
in Europe, such as the phase-out of
petrol cars and green farming reforms,
despite being removed from the lobby
register over a year ago.
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Connecticut_bans_utilities_from
billing_customers_for_lobbying_efforts⠀⇛
On June 29, Connecticut Governor Ned
Lamont signed a law to prohibit the
state’s investor-owned utilities from
charging customers for lobbying
expenses and other efforts to sway
political outcomes. The new law marks
the third comprehensive effort by a
state to prevent utilities from using
consumers’ monthly bills to fund
political efforts, following a similar
law passed in Colorado in May and a law
that Maine Governor Janet Mills signed
in late June.
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Protesters_Accuse_Executives_at_‘Low-
Carbon’_Gas_Conference_of_Telling_‘A_Dirty_Lie’⠀⇛
Executives from the world’s largest gas
companies are meeting in British
Columbia this week for a conference
marketing Canada’s liquefied natural
gas industry as providing “low-carbon”
energy solutions to the world.
But dozens of climate protesters who
showed up outside the Vancouver
Convention Centre Tuesday morning
delivered a much different message to
the suit-wearing delegates of LNG2023,
a global gathering of gas industry
leaders held annually for more than 50
years.
# ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ South_Korea’s_$1_trillion
pension_fund_under_new_pressure_by_climate_groups
over_coal⠀⇛
The National Pension Service holds
stakes in companies with coal-linked
investments including Korea Electric
Power.
# ⚓ Yahoo News ☛ Binance_lays_off_employees_days
after_executive_exodus⠀⇛
Cryptocurrency exchange Binance has cut
jobs just days after it was hit by a
wave of executive exits, a source
familiar with the matter told Reuters
on Friday.
The layoffs at the world’s biggest
crypto exchange come at a time when the
industry’s future in the U.S. market is
uncertain, with regulators aggressively
clamping down on what they deem are
illegal activities.
The job cuts were first reported by the
Wall Street Journal, which said more
than 1,000 people had been let go in
recent weeks.
# ⚓ India Times ☛ Bitcoin_crashes_over_reports_of
Binance_laying_off_1,000_employees⠀⇛
San Francisco, Bitcoin prices nosedived
on Saturday after leading
cryptocurrency exchange Binance
reportedly laid off roughly 1,000
workers, and the layoffs could
continue.
# ⚓ India Times ☛ Binance_lays_off_over_1,000
employees⠀⇛
More employees were laid off this week,
according to former employees, who said
customer-service workers were heavily
affected. The cuts were global,
including about three dozen customer-
service employees in India, the report
added.
# ⚓ Forbes ☛ Everything_You_Need_To_Know_About
Bitcoin_And_The_Environment⠀⇛
A report by JPMorgan highlights this
stark reality: only bitcoin miners with
access to cheap electricity and a high
proportion of sustainable energy will
likely survive in this progressively
competitive space. As we hit an all-
time high in mining difficulty, it’s
clear that being a bitcoin miner is no
easy task.
# ⚓ [Old] Climate_Impacts_of_Bitcoin_Mining_in_the
U.S.⠀⇛
We validate arguments from both sides
and provide empirical evidence for the
extent and energy sources of Bitcoin
mining in the U.S., based on data from
13 publicly listed mining companies
that account for one-fourth of the
total network hashrate as of the end of
2022. Using the grid average emission
factors, we find that the carbon
intensity of electricity consumed by
the 13 miners included in our analysis
of 397 gCO2/kWh is nearly equivalent to
the U.S. grid average of 387 gCO2/kWh.
Furthermore, we find that the annual
emissions of 7.2 MtCO2 caused by the 13
analyzed publicly listed miners in the
U.S. alone surpass the carbon emissions
of the State of Vermont.
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Chart:_Why_homeowners_weren’t_crushed_by_the_Fed’s
rate-hiking_campaign⠀⇛
Data: FRED; Chart: Axios Visuals
Most mortgage holders aren’t feeling the pain of higher interest rates.
Why it matters: It’s one reason the U.S._economy has so far proved resilient in
the face of the Fed’s aggressive rate-hiking campaign.
⚓ Reason ☛ Brickbat:_The_Rising_Cost_of_Getting_By⠀⇛
Starting July 12, New York City will require food delivery apps to
pay their workers $17.96 an hour. That will rise to $19.96 in hour in
2025 and then be indexed to inflation. Prior to the law taking
effect, food delivery workers were making about $12 an hour in the
city. New York City’s minimum…
⚓ teleSUR ☛ UK_Junior_Doctors_Start_a_96-Hour_Walkout_Over_Better_Wages⠀⇛
Continuously high inflation has been eroding people’s real income in
the United Kingdom. In May, 128,000 working days were lost because of
pay-related disputes.
⚓ New York Times ☛ Everything’s_Coming_Up_Soft_Landing⠀⇛
Inflation seems to be fading without a recession.
⚓ Quartz ☛ The_average_prices_of_US_airplane_tickets_dropped_8%_in_June⠀⇛
The US consumer price index (CPI) showed a decline of 8.1% for
airfares, despite summer travel hotting up—one sign that inflation is
declining faster than economists expected.
⚓ CS Monitor ☛ US_inflation_hits_lowest_point_since_2021,_bringing_consumers
relief⠀⇛
After two years of soaring inflation, the Federal Reserve reported
the lowest figure since early 2021 – 3% in June, year over year. The
shift, which should ease consumers’ minds, comes as prices ease for
gasoline, airfares, used cars, and groceries.
⚓ New York Times ☛ Inflation_Drops_to_3%_in_June⠀⇛
The Consumer Price Index climbed far more slowly in June, a relief
for shoppers and a hopeful — though inconclusive — sign that America
might pull off a “soft landing.”
⚓ Latvia ☛ Annual_inflation_down_to_7.9%_in_Latvia⠀⇛
The latest data published on July 11 by the Central Statistical
Bureau show that in June 2023, compared to June 2022, the average
level of consumer prices increased by 7.9%.
⚓ The Nation ☛ A_Strategic_Blueprint_to_Give_Student_Debt_Relief_a_Fighting
Chance⠀⇛
The Supreme Court is an incredibly powerful institution, with the
capacity to do tremendous damage to society. In recent months it has
rolled back labor rights, stripped environmental protections, gutted
affirmative action, legalized discrimination on free speech grounds,
and more. But it did not kill student loan relief, though the
ultraconservative supermajority certainly tried. President Biden’s
cancellation plan, which grants up to $20,000 of relief for borrowers
making under $125,000 a year, still has a fighting chance.
§ AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
* ⚓ NYPost ☛ John_Kerry_refuses_to_call_China’s_Xi_Jinping_a_‘dictator’⠀⇛
President Biden’s climate envoy John Kerry broke with the
commander-in-chief on Thursday and refused to refer to Chinese
President Xi Jinping as a “dictator” during a hearing on
Capitol Hill.
* ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Buying_Campaign_Contributions_as_a_Hack⠀⇛
It’s actually a pretty good idea. He could have spent the money
on direct mail, or personalized social media ads, or television
ads. Instead, he buys gift cards at maybe two-thirds of face
value (sellers calculate the advertising value, the additional
revenue that comes from using them to buy something more
expensive, and breakage when they’re not redeemed at all), and
resells them. Plus, many contributors probably give him more
than $1, and he got a lot of publicity over this.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Desperate_to_Debate:_Why_a_G.O.P._Candidate_Is
Offering_$20_for_$1_Donations⠀⇛
Mr. Burgum is one of several Republican presidential candidates
going to great lengths to reach a crucial threshold to qualify
for the party’s first primary debate on Aug. 23 — the
requirement that only candidates with at least 40,000
individual donors to their campaigns will be allowed on the
stage.
* ⚓ The Wall Street Journal ☛ Honeywell_to_Buy_Israeli_Cybersecurity
Business_Scadafence⠀⇛
Operational technology, which generally controls the heavy
equipment used by critical-infrastructure operators such as
manufacturing and energy companies, has long been an area of
concern in cybersecurity.
* ⚓ The Register UK ☛ We_will_find_you_and_we_will_sue_you,_Twitter_tells_4
mystery_alleged_data-scrapers⠀⇛
Twitter alleged the four unnamed defendants, identified in the
suit only by IP addresses, were flooding Twitter’s sign-up page
with automated requests that “severely taxed X Corp’s servers
and impaired the user experience for millions.”
The IP addresses, which the suit claims can be identified by
lookup requests as being located in Fremont, California, and
Atlanta, Georgia, are all Twitter has to go on, it said in the
complaint. “X Corp. has been unable to ascertain the identity
of John Does 1-4.”
* § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
o ⚓ RFA ☛ China’s_social_media_coverage_of_French_riots_rife_with
misinformation,_distortion⠀⇛
Many accounts of the strife in France used photos from
older incidents or otherwise misrepresented the event.
[..]
Coverage of the riots by Chinese language Twitter
accounts are rife with misinformation accompanied by
misleading videos not taken during the riots and fake
images “corroborated” by other fake images.
Asia Fact Check Lab (AFCL) checked and disproved four
such widely circulated stories about the riots.
o ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Efforts_to_Deceive_Are_a_Top_Concern
Among_State_Election_Officials_Heading_Into_2024⠀⇛
Some state election officials said they would not be
deterred by a recent court order by a federal judge in
Louisiana that limited federal agencies when it comes to
contacting social media companies about content deemed
false or deceptive with a few exceptions. On Friday, an
appeals court temporarily paused the order.
“The injunction doesn’t apply to state officials, so I’m
going to keep talking to whoever the hell I want to talk
to,” said Arizona Secretary of State Adrian Fontes, a
Democrat. “If you know somebody is out there lying and it
hurts voters, they’re literally telling voters the wrong
day or the wrong places to vote, literally giving them
bad information on purpose, you should be able to shut
that down because that’s interfering with the voter’s
right to vote.”
o ⚓ Reason ☛ Critics_of_the_Ruling_Against_Biden’s_Anti-
’Misinformation’_Crusade_See_No_Threat_to_Freedom_of_Speech⠀⇛
The response to the decision illustrates the alarming
erosion of bipartisan support for the First Amendment.
o ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Good_News_on_Free_Speech_–_for_Now⠀⇛
Occasionally, the news makes one cheer. That’s the case
with a preliminary injunction granted this week (July 4)
to stop the federal government from suppressing lawful
speech on social media. U.S. District Court Judge Terry
A. Doughty took the action in the case of State of
Missouri ex rel. Schmitt, et al. v. Joseph R.
o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Why_Does_Spotify_Allow_Hate_Speech_&_Racial
Slurs_as_Playlist_Titles?⠀⇛
Why is it possible to create Spotify playlists with hate
speech and racial slurs in the title? One artist shares
the frustrating process of discovering hate speech on
their artist profile—and how long it took Spotify to do
anything about it.
o ⚓ Reason ☛ Some_Critics_of_the_Ruling_Against_Biden’s_Censorship_by
Proxy_Have_a_Beef_With_the_1st_Amendment_Itself⠀⇛
“Disinformation” researchers alarmed by the injunction
against government meddling with social media content
admire legal regimes that allow broad speech
restrictions.
o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Social_Media_Restrictions_on_Biden_Officials_Are
Paused_in_Appeal⠀⇛
The judge’s preliminary injunction blocked several
agencies — including the Department of Health and Human
Services and the Department of Homeland Security — from
urging the platforms to take down “protected free
speech.” The order said the government agencies could
still discuss content related to categories including
criminal activity, threats to national security and
foreign election interference.
Legal scholars have said the broad nature of the
injunction may make it difficult for the government to
follow it. The Department of Justice appealed the order
the day after it was issued.
§ Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
* ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Law_That_Made_“Sex_Work_Industry_More_Dangerous”_Upheld_in
Court⠀⇛
The legal challenge to FOSTA alleged that the law chilled
constitutionally protected speech.
* ⚓ RFA ☛ China_blocks_prominent_Tibetan_lama_from_preaching⠀⇛
In recent years, Chinese authorities have strengthened laws to
control the behavior of religious teachers in an effort to curb
the spread of Tibetan Buddhist teachings, demolished Tibetan
religious sites, and closed down religious schools.
The Tibetan source went on to say that the venue and tents for
the event had been in place since June, but that “Chinese
authorities suddenly banned the Kalachakra for some lame
excuses.”
* ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ ‘Heart-stopping’:_censored_pages_of_history_of
Elizabeth_I_reappear_after_400_years⠀⇛
Now state-of-the-art imaging technology has enabled the British
Library to read hidden pages of William Camden’s Annals for the
first time, “a significant finding in early modern historical
scholarship”.
Those pages had been either over-written or concealed beneath
pieces of paper stuck down so tightly that attempting to lift
them would have ripped the pages and destroyed evidence.
Enhanced imaging technology, involving transmitted light, has
revealed those texts, offering new insights into the queen and
the political machinations of her court, to the excitement of
scholars.
* ⚓ ANF News ☛ 54_lawyers_in_Iran_face_investigation_over_solidarity_with
the_family_of_Jina_Mahsa_Amini⠀⇛
After the brutal murder of Amini, 54 lawyers published a joint
declaration, expressing solidarity with the family of the young
Kurdish woman and denouncing the unlawful actions of the state
forces.
* ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Man_jailed_for_18_days_for_insulting_flags_of
China_and_Hong_Kong⠀⇛
Yung was arrested on October 7 last year for damaging two flags
erected on China’s National Day outside Po Leung Kuk Lam Man
Chan English Primary School in To Kwa Wan. Surveillance footage
showed Yung taking down the flags on October 2 and throwing
them to the ground.
§ Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
* ⚓ Eesti Rahvusringhääling ☛ Media_adviser:_Estonia_needs_proactive_legal
measure_to_protect_media_space⠀⇛
According to media adviser at the Estonian Ministry of
Culture’s arts department Andres Jõesaar, the recent
controversial proposal by the Consumer Protection and Technical
Regulatory Authority (TTJA) that media ought to be monitored
for bias, was badly worded. However, in his view, Estonia needs
a proactive legislative measure to restrict harmful foreign
media outlets, in addition to the sanctions imposed on Russia.
* ⚓ CPJ ☛ ‘An_accumulation_of_lies’:_Right-wing_group_La_Resistencia_stokes
anti-press_fervor_in_Peru⠀⇛
Gorriti, the founder and editor-in-chief of the award-winning
Lima-based investigative news website IDL-Reporteros blames the
backlash largely on La Resistencia, or “The Resistance,” an
ultra right-wing group that has picketed the homes and offices
of prominent journalists, politicians, and human rights
activists, claiming they are pushing Peru towards communism and
chaos. The group has also disrupted book events and news
conferences and has clashed with left-wing protesters. Critics
describe its members as bullies and shock troops at the service
of right-wing politicians.
§ Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
* ⚓ The Nation ☛ Police_Are_Spreading_Authoritarianism_Under_the_Guise_of
Counterterrorism⠀⇛
As night fell over the South River Forest, the music festival
was in full swing. Young and old swayed to the sounds of Suede
Cassidy. Families gathered around the grill. Little ones
frolicked in an inflatable bouncy house bedecked with a banner
that read: “Stop Cop City.”
* ⚓ ACLU ☛ Moving_Beyond_the_Supreme_Court’s_Affirmative_Action_Rulings⠀⇛
At the end of its term, the Supreme Court upended established
equal protection law with its decision in SFFA v. Harvardand
SFFA v. UNC, effectively eliminating the use of affirmative
action in college admissions. The court’s decision disregards
prior precedent, as well as the societal realities of race
discrimination and inequality.
Many schools, as well as the courts, recognize that diversity
exposes students to new ideas and ways of thinking, prepares
them to live and work with one another in a diverse society,
and increases understanding and respect across differences.
Those findings have not changed, although schools will need to
rely more on other means of cultivating a campus where students
of all backgrounds can learn together.
While this legal decision is indisputably a major setback, it
is not the end of the drive to open educational opportunities
for people of color. As we press forward in this work, here are
four answers to crucial questions in the wake of the
affirmative action rulings:
* ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ J4S:_Missouri_Court_Order_–_Free_Speech_Victory_or_Not
Enough?⠀⇛
Check out this video on Rumble! Is the judgment from the
Western District Court of Louisiana on July 4th a true victory
against the censorship apparatus or does it fall short?
* ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ Police_say_there’s_no_sign_of_crime_by_BBC
anchor_who_allegedly_paid_teen_for_sexual_photos⠀⇛
London police say there’s no evidence that a BBC news anchor
who allegedly paid a teenager for sexually explicit photos
committed a crime. The Metropolitan police issued the statement
Wednesday as the wife of Huw Edwards identified him as the
presenter. Edwards wife, Vicky Flind, says in a statement that
her husband is hospitalized while suffering from serious mental
health issues. The U.K.’s publicly funded national broadcaster
had not named Edwards, but said it had suspended a male star
over allegations he gave a youth $45,000 starting in 2020 when
the young person was 17. The BBC says it will continue its
investigation into the matter.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ BBC_Crisis_Grows_as_Staff_Member_Is_Accused_of_Abuse
by_2nd_Person⠀⇛
The British broadcaster was facing questions about its handling
of an internal inquiry over explicit photos after another
person accused the male staff member of sending abusive
messages over a dating app.
* ⚓ YLE ☛ No_legal_grounds_for_officers_to_prevent_protesters_from_filming,
Police_Board_says⠀⇛
Police cut down a roadblock using a chainsaw, but did not
permit protesters to photograph or record its removal.
* ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Ninth_Circuit_Dumps_Oregon’s_‘Surreptitious_Recording’_Law,
Handing_A_First_Amendment_Win_To_Project_Veritas⠀⇛
The worst people can make the best case law. That’s the way it
works here in the United States, where the court system
occasionally works like it should and the old “disagree with
what you say but defend your right to say it” axiom is upheld
by judges who frequently have to deal with speech probably only
the speaker likes.
* ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ We_Owe_the_French_Revolution_a_Debt_of_Gratitude⠀⇛
And yet the Jacobin clubs and newspapers survived the
repression of Thermidor and kept alive the revolutionary
spirit: of grassroots democracy, of commitment to social
equality, of the zealous defense of revolutionary principles.
This is what made it impossible for the reactionaries who ruled
in the subsequent decades — both the liberals and the
conservatives — to completely snuff out its achievements and
reverse the course of history.
And what were those achievements? Everything. Almost everything
that makes public life in the modern world worth living was
decisively advanced by the revolution that Bastille Day
commemorates. From the creation of the first modern citizen
army to replace the traditional brigades of monarchist
mercenaries; to the imposition of popular juries where the
“justice” of local oligarchs once held sway; to the first
national abolition of slavery; to the abstract principle of
popular sovereignty and the concrete practice of universal
suffrage.
* ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Actors_say_Hollywood_wants_to_use_AI_to_reproduce_their
likenesses_forever⠀⇛
In another example of intelligence changing the nature of work,
Hollywood actors brought up their own concerns about how
studios intend to use the technology to use their likenesses in
media forever without compensation.
During a press conference Thursday, the actors said that they
would be going on strike, Screen Actors Guild – American
Federation of Television and Radio Artists chief negotiator
Duncan Crabtree-Ireland revealed that studios intended to
implement what sounded like a dystopian science fiction use for
this technology to scan background actors.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Actors_Join_Writers_on_Picket_Lines_to_Fight_the
Studio_Oligarchy⠀⇛
That timing, like the talks themselves, bespoke a stunning tone
deafness on the part of the entertainment industry’s bosses. At
the literal and figurative summit of American media capitalism,
Disney made Iger the belle of the billionaires’ ball, touting
his track record to such labor-soaking peers as WB Discovery’s
David Zaslav, Paramount Global CEO Bob Bakish, Netflix’s Ted
Sarandos, Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg, Apple’s Tim Cook, and
Microsoft’s Satya Nadella, among others.
Meanwhile, in the trenches of contract negotiation, things fell
apart. As the AMPTP’s talks with the actors ground to a halt,
the angry and apparently fractious producers sent out mixed
messages. Some made a public play for a federal mediator,
hoping this gambit would help them look like the reasonable
party in the negotiations. But other members could not contain
themselves. “The endgame is to allow things to drag on until
union members start losing their apartments and losing their
houses,” a studio executive told Deadline. Acknowledging the
cold-as-ice approach, several other sources reiterated the
statement. One insider called it “a cruel but necessary evil.”
* ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ Hollywood_actors_join_writers_on_picket_lines⠀⇛
AMPTP, which represents employers including Disney, Netflix,
Amazon and others, said it had agreed to a “groundbreaking AI
proposal” to mitigate these concerns by protecting performers’
digital likeness.
SAG-AFTRA chief negotiator Duncan Crabtree-Ireland sad that
studios had proposed that background actors be offered a days
pay to have their likeness scanned, which entertainment firms
could permanently use.
* ⚓ Reuters ☛ Twitter_owes_ex-employees_$500_million_in_severance,_lawsuit
claims⠀⇛
McMillian claims that under a severance plan created by Twitter
in 2019, most workers were promised two months of their base
pay plus one week of pay for each full year of service if they
were laid off. Senior employees such as McMillian were owed six
months of base pay, according to the lawsuit.
But Twitter only gave laid-off workers at most one month of
severance pay, and many of them did not receive anything,
McMillian claims.
* ⚓ Business Insider ☛ An_e-commerce_CEO_is_getting_absolutely_roasted
online_for_laying_off_90%_of_his_support_staff_after_an_AI_chatbot
outperformed_them⠀⇛
“We had to layoff 90% of our support team because of this AI
chatbot. Tough? Yes. Necessary? Absolutely,” Shah wrote in a
thread that’s been viewed over 1.5 million times since being
posted.
* ⚓ NPR ☛ ‘I_am_crying_at_my_salon’:_Taliban_orders_Kabul_beauty_parlors_to
shut_down⠀⇛
The ban on beauty salons is also likely one of the most
economically bruising for women since the Taliban came to power
in Afghanistan nearly two years ago. When it comes into effect
at the end of July, it will shutter some 3,000 women-run salons
in Kabul, which employ many thousands. The salons were one of
the few places where women could openly work under Taliban
rule.
* ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Fran_Drescher_Q&A_On_SAG-AFTRA_Strike:_“The
Digital_Age_Is_Cannibalizing_Us”⠀⇛
In an interview as the smoke began to clear on Thursday, union
president Fran Drescher and chief negotiator and national
executive director Duncan Crabtree-Ireland discussed how they
came to this point, and the stakes involved. Not long after a
SAG-AFTRA press conference, the two discussed with The
Hollywood Reporter the issues that the union and the Alliance
of Motion Picture and Television Producers agreed on during
negotiations, the topics that divided them and why Drescher
believes “the whole world is looking at us right now.”
* ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ ‘We_Demand_Respect!’_Hollywood_Actors_Union_Joins_Writers
With_Strike_Against_Studio_Titans⠀⇛
Nearly 98% of voters in the actors union supported a strike
authorization in a vote in June, and weeks later, more than
1,000 luminaries including Meryl Streep, Jennifer Lawrence, and
John Leguizamo signed a letter saying they were “prepared to
strike” to ensure that the vast majority of SAG-AFTRA
members—who are not wealthy or famous and whose livelihoods
depend on the union’s demands being met—get the compensation
and job security they need to continue working in the industry.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Hollywood_Actors_Strike:_TV_and_Movie_Actors_Vote_for
Biggest_Walkout_in_Four_Decades⠀⇛
The leaders of SAG-AFTRA, the union representing 160,000
television and movie actors, announced the strike after
negotiations with studios over a new contract collapsed, with
streaming services and artificial intelligence at the center of
the standoff. On Friday, the actors will join screenwriters,
who walked off the job in May, on picket lines in New York, Los
Angeles and the dozens of other American cities where scripted
shows and movies are made.
* ⚓ Truthdig ☛ SAG-AFTRA_Strike_Set_to_Upend_Entertainment_Industry⠀⇛
People familiar with the negotiations say the AMPTP has
disregarded union demands concerning compensation,
contributions to the union’s pension and health fund, residuals
and safeguards against artificial intelligence. To illustrate
the distance between the two sides, SAG-AFTRA’s national
executive director and chief negotiator, Duncan Crabtree-
Ireland, revealed AMPTP’s plans for AI at a press conference on
Thursday.
“They proposed that our background actors should be able to be
scanned, get paid for one day’s pay and their company should
own that scan, their image, their likeness and to be able to
use it for the rest of eternity in any project they want with
no consent and no compensation,” he said.
§ Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
* ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Fox_News_Faces_Headaches_As_Cord_Cutting_Kills_Off_Its
Artificially_Inflated_Subscriber_Totals⠀⇛
We just got done noting how there’s not much the federal
government can do about right wing propaganda outlets like Fox
News, given their protections under the First Amendment and the
general limitations (both legally and courageously) at
regulators like the FCC.
* ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ Yes,_Telefonica,_Forcing_Apps_to_Pay_ISPs_Violates_Net
Neutrality⠀⇛
Since Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton endorsed the
proposal in May 2022, a broad group of stakeholders have warned
that forcing websites to pay ISPs violates Europe’s net
neutrality law. They include civil society organizations,
consumer groups, members of the European Parliament, member
states, academics (including me) and Europe’s top telecom
regulator BEREC.
But this week, Telefonica, one of Europe’s largest telecom
companies, wrote a blog post seemingly intended to convince
journalists and European officials that the proposal doesn’t
violate net neutrality.
The blog post is a marvelous specimen of deceitful lobbying.
* ⚓ [Old] BEREC_response_to_the_European_Commission’s_Exploratory
Consultation_on_the_future_of_the_electronic_communications_sector_and
its_infrastructure:_Annex_to_complement_section_4_of_the_BEREC_response
[PDF]⠀⇛
This annex provides additional information and clarifications
related to the messages outlined in section 4 of BEREC’s
Response to the Exploratory Consultation “The future of the
electronic communications sector and its infrastructure”. This
document follows the structure of section 4 of the BEREC
response.
BEREC is committed to continue the work on the issues raised in
this consultation and has a number of relevant projects in its
Work Programme 2023, including, a report on the IP-
Interconnection (IP-IC) ecosystem1, which it will publish in
2024 after collecting relevant data. BEREC also looks forward
to the EU Commission sharing the data it receives from this
consultation, which will allow BEREC to carry out quantitative
assessments that will facilitate a deeper understanding of the
topics under discussion and, will use relevant data to
substantiate its approach and explore any new options that may
arise.
In this document BEREC focuses mainly on the mechanism of
mandatory financial contributions from CAPs to ISPs, in the
form of a sending party network pays (SPNP) regime and looks
into possible impacts that this may have. Moreover, BEREC’s
analyses the topics mainly via an IP-IC approach, but notes
that a more complete analysis could be performed regarding the
entire internet ecosystem.
§ Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
* ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Internet_Archive_Targets_Book_DRM_Removal_Tool_With
DMCA_Takedown⠀⇛
The Internet Archive has taken the rather unusual step of
sending a DMCA notice to protect the copyrights of book
publishers and authors. The non-profit organization asked
GitHub to remove a tool that can strip DRM from books in its
library. The protective move is likely motivated by the ongoing
legal troubles between the Archive and book publishers.
§ Monopolies⠀➾
* ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Why_they’re_smearing_Lina_Khan⠀⇛
These talking points got picked up by people commenting on
Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley’s ruling against the FTC in the
Microsoft-Activision merger. The FTC was seeking an injunction
against the merger, and Corley turned them down flat. The
ruling was objectively very bad. Start with the fact that
Corley’s son is a Microsoft employee who stands reap massive
gains in his stock options if the merger goes through.
[...]
We shouldn’t have to tolerate this sleaze. And if we back Khan
and her team, they’ll protect us from these scams. Don’t let
them convince you to give up hope. This is the start of the
fight, not the end. We’re trying to reverse 40 years’ worth of
Reagonmics here. It won’t happen overnight. There will be
setbacks. But keep your eyes on the prize – this is the most
exciting moment for countering corporate power and giving it
back to the people in my lifetime. We owe it to ourselves, our
kids and our planet to fight one.
* ⚓ IT Wire ☛ UK_regulator_to_consider_fresh_proposal_from_Microsoft_on
Activision_deal⠀⇛
The UK regulator, the Competition and Markets Authority, has
again changed its stance on Microsoft’s bid to acquire gaming
giant Activision Blizzard following a decision by an American
court against the US Federal Trade Commission’s bid to block
the deal.
In April, the CMA announced it was blocking the deal as it
would change the cloud gaming market and lessen choice for
gamers in the country.
At that time, the regulator said Microsoft’s solution had
“significant shortcomings” and would need oversight.
* § Trademarks⠀➾
o ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Trader_Joe’s_Sues_Trader_Joe’s_United_for
Copyright_[sic]_Infringement⠀⇛
Trader Joe’s filed a lawsuit against its union on
Thursday for copyright infringement, claiming that the
union’s merchandise was too similar to the Trader Joe’s
logo, and demanding that the union’s profits off that
merchandise be given to Trader Joe’s.
* § Copyrights⠀➾
o ⚓ The Week ☛ Characters_in_the_public_domain,_explained⠀⇛
For quite some time, copyright laws have shielded many
iconic and well-known characters. However, since 2019,
some of those existing copyrights have been expiring,
meaning that those characters entered the public domain,
as their owners lost exclusive rights to their likeness.
Now, creatives can attempt to reimagine the characters
without fear of litigious reprisals.
While many popular characters already exist in the public
domain, there isn’t much precedent for the impending wave
of copyright expirations of iconic 20th-century cartoons,
superheroes and literary heroes. Most notably, Disney’s
copyright over the original Mickey Mouse expires next
year. Does that mean it will be a free-for-all for
Disney’s most iconic character?
o ⚓ Walled Culture ☛ The_copyright_industry’s_obsession_with_pursuing
alleged_infringements_borders_on_the_pathological⠀⇛
As Walled Culture the book (free digital versions)
details, for decades the copyright industry has lobbied
consistently (and successfully) for more and harsher laws
targeting alleged infringement. Against that background,
it is hardly uprising that these laws are used on a
massive scale every day. But some companies take this to
extremes. Here, for example, is a story on Ars Technica
from earlier this year: [...]
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