𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, June 19, 2023
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Generated Tue 20 Jun 02:43:30 BST 2023
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/19/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
QmfRee4g2eUJ1bSuzF43wq39KNtfrFY8yoMStiZawbg6Yy
QmSuhsieojQeGih3gkSZPmVjZEEXjEMkAfqPeayF5neUu4
Qmd7SnTCKdRk6z5fGiMR5m9PSXaMAqxaggGeXGRG7qpq2Z
QmXgYbZi532xVNhDLj3CwBGXcgr7iwcqm9khzt2M5sKvZ9
QmUk6CTCzRFbbBrbBmQf52Utx7xRQyCr1Gw3bZdCzrwd3c
QmeZtWf5QtxG29S1aPZtAVad8jYYKbyZyf1n5x1H3fatT2
QmVTV8EttepakgPQZr5g2pDVKEkHunL5aXJXVq1gvqueRD
QmV8xUuDoNYH8QVuX741oRW2EBCXavnMq6CM952N8PvDxU
Qmeen883ygmQMHbp93hmHemdGxVyMFxA4S53EVjPiTWthi
QmVNZn5iUAX3aPAv7HkWkFu62pfUrdMpir2azRzEovePS6
QmPFUHRdtmHpE4Xv4jkqvqQNM1a6no5H9G1YEt2Gvzxec8
Qmant3zp3heMe62vMAH53HjdZtBRr2cAjjgfp9qmFcwtHa
QmUTVkvVBnRMgRNw5nHQhBMThzzVCc47dwA4SrqQuc982D
QmcZbfP8dvpkTpUyJUVYKdHL6swtNo7WWN85RqPGaMHwhQ
QmWBGQqZ4Jz95dLe9RNobqwN83vwgnBVTt3FLZ16PhtwBd
QmRNgfMHUPhvtoQxtPkY9N9mUiqenbwM6Qn6jGnr9DxsqW
QmULKvdAgewdAzGe22EQPmsD3uf44ifZk587Suzux2M78x
QmbU6uy7eb2ejuEjVCuS75qW5mk5yiMguUF1wcaQYbVFBo
QmXaJW6QMqJq3d2sPWiF1w3VNSxL4CXLTUjhspExEcWiJD
QmVA4areAp8qhYxiNP5xuAYP83kX1fn7tWWmJvxaWquq8J
QmRyhoXTRTi8YW7CtExFvbr65rgt7JY42ZP3MRbbovwL3m
╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ [Meme] ’Independent’ EPO/EU Courts for Patents | Techrights
⦿ Buying the News and Gutting the News: How Information Online is Increasingly Controlled by the Few, for the Few | Techrights
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Sunday, June 18, 2023 | Techrights
⦿ The EPO’s NO-Career System Will be Scrutinised by a Tribunal, the ILOAT, 3 Weeks From Now | Techrights
⦿ Young People Who Understand That Richard Stallman (RMS) Was Right, Even Long Before They Were Born | Techrights
⦿ After Promoting Azure Every Day This Past Week Red Hat Exposes a Severe Weakness | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/another-klaus-grabinski-meme/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/controlled-by-the-few-for-the-few/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/irc-log-180623/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/no-career-system-and-ilo/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/rms-was-right-gemini/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/wearing-the-microsoft-hat/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/cinnamon-5-8/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/more-of-rms/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/perfect-home-lab/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 64
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/another-klaus-grabinski-meme/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/19/another-klaus-grabinski-meme/
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✐ [Meme]_‘Independent’_EPO/EU_Courts_for_Patents⠀✐
Posted in Courtroom, Deception, Europe, Law, Patents at 7:50 pm by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
If the dictator on the right finds that ‘his’ for-profit court is not legal,
then he changes_the_text_to_make_it_"legal", in turn blessing the_abuse_of_the
dictator_on_the_left (it’s all about money anyway, justice isn’t the goal)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇The_German_President_of_the_Unified_Patent_Court_(UPC),
Klaus_Grabinski,_and_António_Campinos⦈_
3_judges_resigned_before_it_even_started
Summary: With corrupt_dictators_as_chief_judges, the ‘kangaroos’ of EPO
dictators (even doing photo ops to boast about it* with António_Campinos), one
wonders why European Union (EU) officials — including Commissioners who are
connected closely to Benoît_Battistelli — have the audacity to blast the Polish
regime on a basis such as “rule of law” or “law and order”; even the so-called
‘media’ colludes in these criminal acts now **, as the criminals basically pay
it to do so
constitutional because the lobbyists and officials are in their back pockets.
Some act as their attack dogs (and then start_issuing_threats_to_people_who
show_those_photo_ops_as_if_we're_in_Stalinist_Russia; highlighting corruption
is “illegal” now? I’m a “foreign agent” who “discredits the military”?).
admits that Team UPC is paying it for marketing spam and misinformation. Here’s
an example from earlier this month:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Klaus_Grabinski_without_any_sense_of_shame,_by_puff_piece
operator,subsidised_by_Team_UPC_for_his_propaganda⦈
⣿⣿⠑⣿⣿⡏⠁⢸⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡌⢉⠉⡛⡏⠉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⡉⠉⠉⠉⣭⣩⢹⣿⡧⡼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⡿⣷⣧⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣇⣘⣇⡸
⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⡉⠉⢩⢍⣩⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⡇⠘⢵⢝⣵⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⡇⣷⣶⣶⣦⣤⣴⣶⣶⡦⢴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣏⢹⡇⣿⣿⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣧⣤⣴⣶⣦⣠⣤⣶⣶⣴⣖
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⣦⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠰⠠⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⢰⡀⡀⡀⠀⢈⠸⠸⠸⠃⠇⠃⢁⡟⣟⣟⡋⠇⠀⠅⠄⠇⠇⠅⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀
⠟⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢤⠼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠬⠭⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣲⣿⡿⠓
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⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠀⠀
⣇⠀⢰⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠆⢸⣿⠄⢀⠸⠿⡄⠀⣾⠀⣿⡇⢾⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢿⣿⣿⠇⠀⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡿⣶⡀⠀⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⠂⠠⣀⣅⡈⣰⠜⢄⠈⣖⡀⣤⠄⣉⣀⢤⣶⠄⠀⢰⡶⡀⠆⡨⣗⣠⢤⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣴⣄⡼⣽⣺⣶⣯⢹⣥⣘⠐⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠉⠉⢉⣁⠀⠀⠈⠶⠾⠥⠃⡭⡂⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⠚⠀⠀⠈⠀
⣽⡀⣔⣾⠲⣌⣮⣧⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢃⣀⣠⣤⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣔⠀⠀⡀⣤⣆⣴⣇⢁⠀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠋⠣⠜⢆⣿⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡆⠾⣓⠀⠀⠀⡎⡄⠀⠂⠂⠀⠀
⢥⣵⣠⣺⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣙⣻⣩⡛⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣾⣤⡧⣲⡽⣶⣿⢶⣵⢫⣤⣠⠎
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⡟⣿⡟⢻⢻⣿⠛⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⣿⡇⢸⢸⠃⣜⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣰⣧⣙⣁⣾⣈⣜⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣧⣯⣯⣽⣜⣩⣅⣳⣯⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣔⣹⣍⣯⣿⣿⣿⣧⣫⣝⣏⣸⣪⣍⣭⣿⣭⣽⣋⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣧⣯⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣷⣭⣽⣭⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⢻⣿⣻⠻⠟⡟⢛⢻⣟⡻⣿⣿⡟⡿⠿⠟⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠟⡿⢻⣿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢫⡏⡟⢻⢻⢻⠛⣿⢫⡯⡟⣻⠛⣿⣛⡏⡟⡻⡟⣻⢟⡏⣿⣿⣛⡏⣻⠟⢻⣟⢛⣛⡟⠻⣛⣻⣿⠻⠛⡏⡏⡏⡛⣟⡻⢻⢻⢹⣿⢙⣛⣹⣛⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣛⣻⣻⣟⣿⣟⣿⣟⣿⣟⣻⣟⣻⣟⣿⣿⣟⣻⣛⣽⣿⣻⣿⣻⣿⣻⣟⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣻⣻⣿⣻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⡟⠻⢛⡟⠛⠛⣟⢻⠻⠛⠻⡛⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠟⠛⠟⣿⢻⠟⢻⣟⠟⡛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣟⣛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 184
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/controlled-by-the-few-for-the-few/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/19/controlled-by-the-few-for-the-few/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Buying_the_News_and_Gutting_the_News:_How_Information_Online_is_Increasingly
Controlled_by_the_Few,_for_the_Few⠀✐
Posted in Deception at 8:24 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Microsoft_News_Archives_at_Phoronix⦈_
Summary: Information on the World Wide Web, including censorship hubs known as
social control media, is getting hard to find; in the midst of “tweets” and
“TikTok anecdotes” we very rarely see any truly fascinating breaking stories
and investigative journalism; to make matters worse, many sites lie
intentionally
THE media in the UK is perhaps least trusted among people of the same country.
By some measures, the UK is in last place in Europe, as measured among the
domestic population. It’s not a new problem and the subject was being raised a
lot back in the dawn of the Brexit referendum, in which many voters relied on
lies. The problem is so severe that I refuse to access any mainstream ‘news’
site in the UK. Many others who live here feel the same way. That’s a lot
worse/lower than in east European countries and this new survey says, as per
the Press Gazette [1]: “Trust in news in the UK was at 33%, joint 12th lowest
among 46 markets.”
“The problem is so severe that I refuse to access any mainstream ‘news’ site in
the UK.”The Press Gazette also says [2] “UK science publisher Texere acquired
by Broadcast Med” (everything is up for sale; the biggest papers in the UK are
also being sold and our former Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, will write for a
notorious tabloid which spreads lie).
The United States has a similar problem, but the media culture there is
different from Europe’s and some clueless politicians try to pass new laws that
would further kill the press, not just the Net. Public Knowledge wrote about
this twice a few days ago [3-4].
“This past weekend I spent endless time working on tools to better curate the
news, seeing that about 90% of the “news” in my RSS feeds are worthless junk
and perhaps 5% are actually important.”Social control media won’t replace “the
media”. We wrote about Reddit, YouTube, Twitter and Facebook in recent days and
they all struggle. See the new article [5] entitled “Website Owners Say Traffic
Is Plummeting After a Facebook Algorithm Change” (Facebook sees decline in
active users and will thus try to retain what’s left of them inside the walled
garden).
This past weekend I spent endless time working on tools to better curate the
news, seeing that about 90% of the “news” items in my RSS feeds are worthless
junk and perhaps 5% are actually important. This means that it’s very time-
consuming to actually find real news. The media online will die if it does not
even try to be media and instead resorts to clickbait (see Phoronix screenshot
at the top). The national media in Singapore, for example, decided that a
couple remarrying is somehow news worthy of national attention. Among the other
headlines there we have “Malaysians poke fun at $1,600 Versace shirt that
resembles uniform of nasi kandar restaurant chain” and some other gossip (I saw
several more today). This results in time-wasting.
“It is only getting worse over time.”To give an example from the domain of
technology, about 80% of Tom’s Hardware is now marketing SPAM, not articles.
Tom’s Hardware has become more or less a sales site. The remaining articles are
more like “filler” for the real content, which is SPAM. It is truly a shame
because Tom’s Hardware used to be (once upon a time) an awesome Web site with
truly clueful authors, not chaff composers.
Some time later I wish to do videos to highlight this problem using some
examples and show how I use some code to partly alleviate it. It is only
getting worse over time. Trust in the media is one problem; signal-to-noise
ratio is another. █
Related/contextual items from the news:
Trust in news in the UK was at 33%, joint 12th lowest among 46
markets.
Texere Publishing was founded “around a kitchen table” in
Knutsford.
Abandon_Problematic_‘Journalism’_Bill⠀⇛
Public Knowledge joined a letter urging Senate leadership not
to pass the JCPA.
Journalism_Competition_and_Preservation_Act⠀⇛
The bill would do nothing to help preserve local journalism
while compounding some of the biggest problems in our media
landscape.
Change⠀⇛
It’s a troubling change in an increasingly frail digital news
business, where companies have little choice but to rely on
social media’s biggest gatekeeper. Publishers say they deserve
transparency, but as with similar changes in the past, there’s
been no communication from Meta, Facebook’s parent company. In
fact, Meta did not respond to Gizmodo’s request for comment on
the matter.
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠰⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⣿⣴⣦⣮⣿⣯⣬⣥⣭⣦⣬⣾⣶⣷⣬⣭⣾⣿⣦⣧⣯⣬⣬⣷⣅⣧⣿⣮⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣥⣍⣬⣧⣽⣝⣝⣭⣹⣯⣽⣿⣯⣽⣣⣍⣿⣻⣿⣷⣭⣭⣹⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣩⣽⣭⣉⣙⣋⣻⣏⣋⣉⣹⣩⣏⣯⣍⣙⣻⣟⣛⣿⣹⣻⣉⣹⣹⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⣝⣩⣏⣹⣛⣛⣛⣏⣟⢙⣻⣝⣭⣫⣛⣉⣻⣯⣝⣏⣻⣝⣝⣏⣻⣽⣛⣩⣽⣏⣿⣽⣝⣫⣹⣙⣽⣽⣛⣉⣋⣯⣯⣙⣙⣽⢝⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣟⣻⣛⣟⣛⣻⣿⣟⣻⣻⣟⣛⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣛⣻⣟⣏⣿⣟⣟⣻⣿⣿⣻⣯⣛⣟⣿⣛⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 355
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/irc-log-180623/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/19/irc-log-180623/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Sunday,_June_18,_2023⠀✐
Posted in IRC_Logs at 8:17 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-180623.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-180623.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-180623.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-180623.gmi
Over HTTP:
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#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
=> =============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
CID Description Object type
IRC log for
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§ Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 482
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/no-career-system-and-ilo/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/19/no-career-system-and-ilo/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ The_EPO’s_NO-Career_System_Will_be_Scrutinised_by_a_Tribunal,_the_ILOAT,_3
Weeks_From_Now⠀✐
Posted in Europe, Patents at 7:17 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum 6e6b6b17f5c1bef3c93e2527bbb20998
The GCC Report of EPO Staff Reps
Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0
http://techrights.org/videos/summer-2023-epo-gcc-report.webm
Summary: The Central Staff Committee at the EPO protests proposals from António
Campinos and his cronies; it asserts that “the [management of the] Office does
not want to question the New Career System [a NO-Career_System now, as the
ILOAT will deliver in public the judgments of its 136th session on Friday 7
July 2023, including three important cases relating to the EPO’s New Career
System.” As a reminder, sometimes it takes ILOAT nearly_a_decade_to_strike_down
illegal_regulations (more than 3 years — not 3 weeks — after the culprit,
Benoît_Battistelli, had already left the Office)
THERE will be some interesting news in a few weeks because the EPO, which
grants European_software_patents (illegally) and then passes such patents for a
kangaroo_‘court’ to judge (an illegal ‘court’ where 3_judges_resigned_before_it
even_started!), will be judged by a court that it does not quite control, the
ILOAT, but a court that sometimes take a decade to issue much-needed rulings.
“Sure, the EPO’s management has a long history of disregarding or not obeying
judges’ decisions (or only pretending to a long time later), but that’s a
scandal in its own right.”The latest document is half a dozen pages long. It’s
discussed in passing in the video above,
The Central Staff Committee’s report_on_the_GCC_meeting_of_1_June_2023_with
annexes [PDF] was summarised as follows in a message to colleagues who had
elected the Committee:
Dear colleagues,
The GCC agenda was as follows:
Periodical Review of the Service Regulations
GCC/DOC 11/2023
Public Holidays 2024
GCC/DOC 12/2023
Introduction of a strategic bonus to reward achievement during
current year
GCC/DOC 13/2023
Healthcare Insurance figures 2022
GCC/DOC 14/2023
The first three documents were “for consultation”, the last one “for
information”. We wrote reasoned opinions on the first three
documents. They are appended to this full report.
Document GCC/DOC 13/2023 introducing yet another type of non-
pensionable bonus is problematic:
* It signals the Office’s focus on short-term contributions to
management projects rather than on fulfilling the long-term
core mission of the Office (which must be rewarded with
pensionable promotions and step advancements).
* It looks very much like improvising a new rule in the middle of
the game, in addition to the rules announced in the Guidelines
on Rewards for 2023.
* In future, it will give staff opportunities twice a year to
wonder why they (did not) receive a bonus, or yet another
bonus. We doubt that this will contribute to social and legal
peace.
We understand that the Office does not want to question the New
Career System now, as the ILOAT will deliver in public the judgments
of its 136th session on Friday 7 July 2023, including three important
cases relating to the EPO’s New Career System. However, we expect a
system in the future that shows that the Office is willing to invest
in the long-term careers of its staff.
The Central Staff Committee – CSC
So some time next month we’ll be able to write about the outcome from Geneva
regarding the EPO’s NO-Career System. We don’t suppose the media will mention
this (in the video I mention one blog that might mention it because of a pair
of people in it), but rulings from a tribunal cannot be easily brushed aside.
Sure, the EPO’s management has a long history of disregarding or not obeying
judges’ decisions (or only pretending to a long time later), but that’s a
scandal in its own right. █
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 602
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/rms-was-right-gemini/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/19/rms-was-right-gemini/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Young_People_Who_Understand_That_Richard_Stallman_(RMS)_Was_Right,_Even_Long
Before_They_Were_Born⠀✐
Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF, GPL, Videos at 8:16 pm by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum c9743d29a192263f9ad7155e1f8bf443
The RMS Effect in Gemini
Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0
http://techrights.org/videos/rms-was-right-gemini.webm
Summary: Dr. Richard Stallman (RMS) still travels_the_world_and_gives_talks; he
still manages to convince people, even very young people, that Software_Freedom
is_very_important_for_very_many_reasons
THE video above discusses the new article (in Gemini) “We_need_more_of_Richard
Stallman,_not_less” (we included it in Daily Links half_a_day_ago). It’s
pleasant to see someone relatively young supporting the message of Richard
Stallman. Many young people are easily misled by campaigns of defamation and
distraction.
We previously managed to convince Brodie Robertson, a young Australian with
over 50,000 YouTube subscribers, that “Stallman_ISN’T_OUT_OF_TOUCH_With
Technology!” (he had previously criticised him harshly).
People just need to listen to the message of Stallman, going back to 1984
(literally,_the_year). Well-funded monopolistic corporations cannot easily
attack the message; so they demonise the messenger. █
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 654
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/19/wearing-the-microsoft-hat/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/19/wearing-the-microsoft-hat/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ After_Promoting_Azure_Every_Day_This_Past_Week_Red_Hat_Exposes_a_Severe
Weakness⠀✐
Posted in IBM, Microsoft, Red_Hat at 7:38 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Promoted by Red Hat’s official site this past Friday: (every day prior to this
the Red Hat official Web site promoted Azure, as we noted in Daily Links)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Empowering_change_through_DEI:_Red_Hat’s_women_in_technology
event_highlights_role_models_and_success_stories⦈_
Address change at Red Hat:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Empowering_change_through_DEI:_Red_Hat’s_women_in_technology
event_highlights_role_models_and_success_stories:_On_Jun._7,_Red_Hat_hosted_its
annual_Women_in_Technology_event_[...]_From_the_venue_in_the_Microsoft_Canada
head_office_on_the_43rd_floor_of_81_Bay_Street⦈_
Summary: Looking closely at what Red Hat promotes_under_the_guise_of_diversity,
it turns_out_IBM_lacks_the_office_space_to_host_a_meeting; IBM has 288,300
employees worldwide compared to 221,000 at Microsoft (probably a lot less after
this_year’s_mass_layoffs), but together with Microsoft, the foremost opponent
of GNU/Linux, Red_Hat_under_IBM_actively_undermines_the_community and
criticising this event would seem racist and sexist (IBM is against racists,
even if its_founder_admired_and_saluted_Hitler_himself)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Red_Hat_Summit_and_Azure⦈_
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇LINUX_Unplugged_-Blog-Red_Hat_Summit_2019⦈
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠉⠍⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢒⡢⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠓⠒⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⡟⡿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⢾⢿⠗⡲⣿⣼⠛⠛⠿⠿⡤⡄⡰⢻⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⢿⢿⢟⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠻⢿⠟⠿⢿⠻⡿⢻⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⡿⠟⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⢿⠿⢿⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣴⣷⣶⣷⣿⣮⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣧⣿⣾⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣙⣉⣻⣟⣻⣻⣛⣿⣻⣿⣋⣋⣸⣋⣝⣙⣸⣭⣽⣊⣉⣳⣹⣈⣉⣙⡉⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⠄⢀⢠⣠⣤⡄⠤⢠⡄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢰⣶⣿⢛⣛⠛⣛⡻⡟⢟⣛⠻⡿⣛⣛⢿⢻⡿⢻⡿⣻⢛⣛⢻⡟⣛⡗⡟⢛⣛⢿⡟⣛⡻⢻⣿⡿⣛⣛⢿⠘⣛⡻⡿⢛⣛⠟⡟⣛⣛⢿⢟⣛⡛⣿⢟⣛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠰⠶⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⡇⡻⠿⢃⣇⠿⠿⣸⡎⢣⣇⢣⣧⠲⠶⣺⡇⣿⡇⡇⣿⣿⢸⡜⠿⢟⢸⣿⣇⠻⠿⣻⢸⣿⡇⣧⠻⠿⡃⡇⣿⣿⢸⡘⠿⠇⣿⡰⠶⢒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣛⣋⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣛⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⢰⣾⢨⣶⡝⡇⣵⡟⣵⣶⢹⡇⣿⡇⣿⢡⣶⡅⣿⢰⣶⢹⣿⣿⢸⣿⣧⢹⢘⣛⣿⢸⣼⣿⣿⢻⢟⣼⠩⠶⠝⡏⣵⣮⢸⣿⣿⢘⣛⡃⡟⣵⣶⡅⣷⢰⣷⣏⡰⢮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣌⣻⣸⣿⣇⣇⣿⣷⣝⣫⣼⣧⣝⣅⣿⢬⣻⡅⣿⣸⣿⣸⣿⣿⣘⣛⣥⣿⣘⣛⣿⣸⣹⣿⣿⣿⣦⣻⣬⣛⣵⣷⣝⣫⣸⣿⣿⣸⣿⣇⣷⣬⣻⣄⣿⣜⣿⣯⣝⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⣿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢽⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠏⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡏⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⢹⣿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡼⢳⡜⢣⡇⢿⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⢨⣭⡥⡇⣾⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⢰⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⡠⣭⡥⣏⢾⣿⢾⡇⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⣿⡿⢸⢸⡇⣿⡿⢸⢸⣿⡇⣿⡜⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⡓⠶⢆⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢋⣭⡛⡏⣿⡏⡿⣫⣍⢻⠙⣭⡝⣯⢨⣽⣿⡇⣯⡝⣿⢹⢟⣭⡝⢹⢘⣭⡙⡇⣿⢹⠟⣭⣝⢹⢘⣭⡙⣯⢨⡟⢩⣝⣿⣿⢙⣭⢟⣭⡝⣿⢸⢟⣭⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣐⠶⣢⣿⡜⣼⣧⡲⢖⣸⣸⣿⡇⣿⡸⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣜⡻⣋⢸⢸⣿⡇⣇⣿⢸⣌⡻⣋⢸⢸⣿⡇⣿⡸⣟⡳⢎⣿⣿⣸⣿⣜⡿⣋⣿⢸⣔⠶⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣝⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣝⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢰⣶⡌⣶⡆⡟⣴⣶⡌⡏⣶⣶⢸⢃⣒⣂⣿⢸⣔⡲⢽⣿⡏⣶⣶⢸⡇⣶⣦⢻⢱⣶⡆⣿⣿⣇⣲⢼⡇⣿⡇⣟⢴⣶⣼⡇⣶⣦⡟⢐⣒⣘⣇⡲⢼⣕⡲⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣼⣿⣧⣿⣧⣿⣮⣭⣾⣷⣭⣥⣼⣷⣭⣵⣿⣼⣮⣭⣾⣿⣷⣭⣭⣼⣧⣿⣿⣼⣮⣭⣥⣿⣿⣧⣭⣼⣷⣭⣥⣿⣮⣭⣼⣷⣭⣵⣿⣮⣭⣾⣧⣭⣼⣮⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢟⡛⣟⢙⣻⢟⣛⢿⡟⢟⡗⣾⢟⣛⢿⡿⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢮⡭⣻⢸⣿⠸⣿⢇⡇⣿⡇⣿⠨⣭⢅⡷⣭⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⢛⢻⢻⡛⠛⠟⡟⠛⠛⣿⢻⠟⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡟⠟⠛⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣀⢰⣶⣾⣷⣦⣔⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⠏⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠟⠉⠉⠈⠁⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⠸⡿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣻⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⢀⣀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣦⣴⣤⣄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠤⠐⠀⠐⠒⠀⠘⣦⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣴⣿⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⣀⠀⠀⢀⢀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡖⡄⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡍⣋⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠉⡀⡀⠀⠳⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠮⠴⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⡀⠎⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠐⠆⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠞⠀⢀⣒⠒⣐⡀⠀⠐⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠷⠄⠀⢀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣷⣤⣽⣿
⣿⣿⡀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠐⠃⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣨⣢⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⢿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⣑⡢⠖⢀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣿⣷⡍⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠁⠲⠦⠐⠀⠀⠸⣺⣶⣈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠴⡀⡠⡀⣸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠙⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣷⣾⡿⠟⠒⢦⣰⣨⣏⣶⡿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⡶⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⠃⢹⣿
⣿⣇⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⢛⡟⠛⠛⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿
⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣄⡀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⢰⣿⠉⢻⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠤⠆⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠐⠀⣠⣼⣦⣥⢠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣺⣇⣀⣸⣟⣀⣸⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿
⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢛⣿⣿⠿⠛⢛⡿⠟⠛⡿⠻⠛⡟⡛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣏⣏⣉⣿⣿⣯⣻⣟⣿⣙⣏⣫⣏⣿⣹⣽⣝⣝⣭⣍⣯⣿⣭⣹⣉⣉⣩⣹⣏⣹⣩⣉⣉⣭⣋⣫⣏⣩⣿⣏⣯⣯⣯⣫⣻⣝⡩⢫⣏⣝⣋⣉⣹⣯⣉⣈⣉⣭⣹⣝⣉⣋⣩⣩⣽⣍⣏⣏⣩⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡟⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⢟⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠻⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡟⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⡿⣾⣷⣷⣾⡾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⢷⣾⣾⣿⡷⠾⣶⣷⣾⣿⡿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣯⣷⣷⡿⣷⣿⣼⣷⣷⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣇⣾⣿⣮⣤⣥⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣤⣤⣼⣽⣿⣧⣤⣾⣧⣿⣦⣦⣦⣯⣧⣴⣥⣼⣮⣤⣤⣧⣶⣷⣥⣧⣦⣧⣴⣼⣾⣿⣤⣤⣥⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⡿⣿⠻⠿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡟⣿⣿⡟⠟⠻⡿⠿⢿⠿⠛⣟⣻⠿⢿⠿⢿⢿⠻⠿⡿⡟⣿⠟⠻⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⢻⢻⢻⡟⣿⣿⣟⠛⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⢶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⢿⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⡿⣾⣾⣶⣧⣷⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣾⣮⣾⣾⣮⣾⣷⣷⣷⣵⣴⣼⣿⣾⣷⣰⣷⣦⣷⣷⣵⣷⣿⣴⣷⣾⣭⣵⣷⣽⣷⣷⣷⣯⣦⣤⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣮⣦⣷⣤⣴⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣶⣽⣤⣤⣴⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣦⣮⣦⣷⣵⣴⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣟⢽⣛⢙⣿⣝⣛⡯⣯⡯⣟⣯⣛⣋⣟⣛⢹⣩⣝⢹⣛⣻⣙⣿⣹⣻⡯⣟⡋⣫⣟⣏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣧⣧⣠⣥⣤⣤⣌⣼⣬⣤⣶⣥⣼⣽⣼⣾⣼⣶⣧⣷⣷⣮⣦⣼⣤⣥⣤⣧⣿⣴⣿⣬⣦⣷⣽⣴⣥⣧⣬⣧⣷⣼⣾⣯⣥⣧⣷⣿⣤⣬⣼⣷⣿⣿⣼⣾⣾⣥⣴⣵⣯⣤⣥⣮⣼⣧⣧⣿⣦⣷⣵⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⣹⡿⢻⣿⠿⡻⣿⠏⢻⣿⡿⡛⠛⣏⡙⠻⠻⣟⡝⡛⠹⡟⢛⢻⡟⢛⠛⣛⠛⡟⣿⠛⡻⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⣟⠏⡏⣙⢛⢿⢹⡟⡿⡯⡟⣿⠛⡻⠙⠻⡟⣿⡿⣿⡫⢻⣻⣿⢻⣟⠙⢛⠟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⡿⡿⠟⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣾⡿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⢻⢟⡿⣾⡿⢿⣿⣿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⡷⣶⣶⣬⣼⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣮⣼⣦⣵⣷⣷⣿⣧⣥⣼⣮⣼⣴⣷⣤⣤⣼⣥⣧⣷⣽⣧⣷⣼⣦⣤⣽⣼⣽⣬⣾⣷⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠃⣴⡀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⣠⡄⣠⡶⣶⡜⣿⠛⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⣴⡄⣠⣿⣟⣋⢠⣴⡆⣶⢾⣾⠛⣿⡼⣷⣄⣿⡀⣸⠇⣿⠀⢿⡶⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⡀⣿⠸⣿⣥⠿⠱⠾⠋⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢹⡏⠻⠟⠛⠙⠛⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⠀⠀⢀⣴⡄⢠⡖⢰⣖⣢⣤⣼⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣴⣶⣾⣤⣤⣠⣾⣿⡇⢸⣿⢾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⣠⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⣯⣿⡇⢸⠇⠸⠟⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢸⣿⣦⣈⣉⣉⣼⣷⠀⠿⠈⠛⠹⠋⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 863
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_19/06/2023:_Cinnamon_5.8_and_Alpine_Has_New_ISOs⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 9:27 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Server
o Audiocasts/Shows
o Kernel_Space
o Graphics_Stack
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o Games
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
# GNOME_Desktop/GTK
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o New_Releases
o Slackware_Family
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Debian_Family
o Devices/Embedded
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
o Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra
o Openness/Sharing/Collaboration
# Open_Access/Content
o Programming/Development
# Perl_/_Raku
# Python
# Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh
* Leftovers
o Education
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary
o Security
# Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
# Privacy/Surveillance
# Confidentiality
o Defence/Aggression
o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
# Wildlife/Nature
# Overpopulation
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Monopolies
# Copyrights
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ 9to5Linux_Weekly_Roundup:_June_18th,_2023⠀⇛
This week we got a major Steam Client update that finally
brings a refreshed UI and hardware acceleration on Linux,
a major NVIDIA graphics driver release that brings better
Wayland support and many other improvements, as well as
several new distro releases including Ultramarine Linux
38, Tails 5.14, and SparkyLinux 7.0.
On top of that, I tell you about the upcoming end of life
of the Ubuntu 22.10 “Kinetic Kudu” operating system
release and give you a first look at the Fedora-based
risiOS distro. Read the hottest news of this week and get
access to all the distro and package downloads in
9to5Linux’s Linux weekly roundup for June 18th, 2023,
below.
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ System76’s_Oryx_Pro_and_Bonobo_WS_Linux_Laptops
Get_“Raptor_Lake”_CPUs⠀⇛
As of today, System76 has finally managed to
upgrade its entire line of Linux notebooks to 13th
Gen Intel Core processors. After updating earlier
this year the Adder WS, Darter Pro, Galago Pro,
Gazelle, Lemur Pro, and Serval WS laptops, now the
Oryx Pro and Bonobo WS received the “Raptor Lake”
CPU treatment.
System76’s most powerful laptop, the Bonobo WS, now
finally ships with a 13th Gen Intel Core “Raptor
Lake” i9-13900HX processor with 24 cores, 36 MB
cache, up to 5.4 GHz clock speed, and Intel Iris Xe
graphics.
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ Amazon_Linux⠀⇛
Amazon Linux is an open-source, secure, stable, and
optimized Linux-based operating system (OS), which
is free to use, designed, maintained, and supported
by Amazon Web Services (AWS). The Amazon Linux OS
is specifically designed for cloud computing
applications, whether you’re running on-premises or
in the cloud.
The Amazon Linux is designed with modern
architectures and includes pre-configured packages
and tools to help developers accelerate the
building of their applications without incurring
the high costs of proprietary operating systems.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Bad_Voltage_3×59:_Addition_Edition⠀⇛
Jeremy Garcia, Jono Bacon, and Stuart Langridge
present Bad Voltage, in which we discuss ad-
supported services and the (potential?) rise of
subscriptions.
# ⚓ Open Source Security (Audio Show) ☛ Episode_380_–_A_new
Sovereign_Tech_Fund_program_and_the_BBC_on_destroying
hard drives⠀⇛
Josh and Kurt talk about a new program from the
Sovereign Tech Fund to fund open source work. It’s
a great looking program with an acceptable amount
of money behind the program. We also talk about a
story claiming millions of perfectly good hard
drives are destroyed per year. They’re probably not
OK at all.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ LWN ☛ Kernel_prepatch_6.4-rc7⠀⇛
The 6.4-rc7 kernel prepatch is out for testing.
“”Nothing particular stands out in the rc this
week, unless you count the mptcp selftest changes
that are about making the tests work on stable
kernels too.””
o § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ Mohamed_Ahmed:_NVK_YCbCr_Support_Part_0_–_Hello_World⠀⇛
I am Mohamexiety, a (soon-to-be) 4th year
electronics engineering student and a recently
accepted contributor in the Google Summer of Code
program with my project being implementing YCbCr
support for NVK, the new open-source nouveau Vulkan
driver, under the mentorship and supervision of
Faith Ekstrand @gfxstrand for the X.Org foundation.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ OBS_Studio_29.1.3_Improves_the_Source_Record
Plugin,_AMF_Encoder,_and_More⠀⇛
OBS Studio 29.1.3 is here to improve the Source
Record plugin by fixing a crash that occurred when
properties are deleted in the callback. It also
improves the AMF (Advanced Media Framework)
encoder’s reconfiguration and dynamic bitrate as
they didn’t work in previous releases, as well as
the AMF preset fallback to take into account the
GPU reported throughput.
Window and game capture compatibility notices have
been fixed as well in this release to be displayed
correctly. Moreover, OBS Studio 29.1.3 addresses a
bug in audio settings where Audio Channels, Sample
Rate, and Low Latency Audio Buffer Mode would
sometimes fail to save properly.
# ⚓ GNOME ☛ Juan_Pablo_Ugarte:_Cambalache_0.12.0_Released!⠀⇛
I am pleased to announce a new release of
Cambalache a new RAD tool for Gtk 3 and 4!
Version 0.12.0 packs a year’s worth of new features
and lots of improvements and bugfixes.
§ Workspace CSS support
Does your application use custom CSS? Now you can
see CSS changes live in the workspace. All you need
to do is add a new CSS file in the project and
specify if you want it to be global or for one UI
file in particular.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Earthly ☛ 2023-06-13_[Older]_How_to_Set_Up_a_Private_Docker
Registry_on_Linux⠀⇛
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ What_is_Difference_Between_IMAP_and_POP3⠀⇛
The protocols used to receive emails are an
essential part of how the internet functions, and
yet they remain largely invisible to most users.
Two of the most common protocols are Internet
Message Access Protocol (IMAP) and Post Office
Protocol version 3 (POP3).
# ⚓ Mongo_Shell_SyntaxError_Identifier_Directly_After_Number⠀⇛
Working with MongoDB 6.0 and mongosh 1.10.0. The
Problem By the looks of it, mongosh interprets its
input as Javascript, which renders the below syntax
invalid.
# ⚓ TecMint ☛ How_to_Schedule_a_Linux_Job_Without_Cron⠀⇛
The world of Linux is filled with so much fun and
interesting stuff, the more we go in, the more we
find kinds of stuff.
In our efforts to bring those little hacks and tips
for you that make you different from others, here
we have come up with a few alternative methods to
schedule a job without using the cron utility in
Linux.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Get_a_free_copy_of_Neverwinter_Nights:
Enhanced_Edition_with_Prime_Gaming⠀⇛
Subscribe to Amazon Prime? Well you can get a free
copy of Neverwinter Nights: Enhanced Edition thanks
to their partnership with GOG.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Retro_2D_platformer_Zool_Redimensioned_is
now_Steam_Deck_Verified⠀⇛
According to an official update posted on Steam,
Zool Redimensioned, the 2021 reimagining of the
1992 platformer Zool: Ninja of the Nth Dimension,
has now been granted Steam Deck Verified status.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Grab_a_free_copy_of_Sigma_Theory:_Global
Cold_War_on_GOG⠀⇛
Fancy another free game during the GOG Summer Sale
2023? They’re now giving away Sigma Theory: Global
Cold War along with lots of games on sale.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ Onlyoffice_Desktop_Editors_7.4_is_Out
with_New_Plugin_Manager⠀⇛
ONLYOFFICE Desktop Editors, the free and open-
source offline use office suite, released new 7.4
version a few days ago.
The new releases feature a “Plugin Manager“, allows
to easily install external functions support, such
as ChatGPT, YouTube, OCR, and more. User can of
course submit its own plugin to the market place
for other user use.
# ⚓ Simon Ser ☛ Simon_Ser:_Status_update,_June_2023⠀⇛
This month Rose Hudson has started working on
wlroots as part of Google Summer of Code! She will
focus on reducing frame latency by implementing an
adaptive frame scheduler. She already has landed
new wlroots APIs to measure_render_time. You can
follow Rose’s_blog if you’re interested.
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Carl Schwan ☛ My_generic_Open_Source_Project_FAQ⠀⇛
People are often asking the same questions
again and again about some of my projects, so
it might be a good opportunity to write a
small FAQ.
If you get redirected here, don’t take it
personally; I am getting asked these
questions very often, and I feel people often
misunderstand how open-source projects work.
The most likely reason is that it still needs
to be implemented. It doesn’t mean that I or
other maintainers are against this feature.
It is just that X is a purely non-commercial
project, and I and others are currently
working on it during our free time.
Unfortunately, Free time is a very limited
and precious resource. Between our day jobs
or university projects, sleeping, eating, and
other social activities, little time and
energy is left.
# ⚓ The_Booth_at_Akademy-es/OpenSouthCode⠀⇛
There’s no better measure of success than
having a diminutive eight-year-old girl
demand to know the name of the painting
program she has been using for the last 20
minutes.
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ GNOME ☛ Carlos_Garnacho:_Getting_the_best_of_tablet
pads⠀⇛
In case they needed introduction, pads are
these collections of buttons and tactile
sensors (ring or strip shaped) most typically
found along the side of drawing tablets.
These devices will be the topic of today.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Setting_up_permissions_under_/files_take-3⠀⇛
“take-2″ is here:
https://bkhome.org/news/202305/setting-up-permissions-
under-files-take-2.html
Easy 5.4 was released, but then we discovered that
‘cupsd’ objected to /usr/libexec/cups/cgi-bin having
permissions 775, instead of 755:
https://forum.puppylinux.com/viewtopic.php?p=91460#p91460
And Easy 5.4.1 was released to fix this.
o ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Various_little_improvements⠀⇛
Check ownership and permissions under /files when version
update:
https://github.com/bkauler/woofq/commit/
dda399b7a1707b7d8d4a2767874d5c45d02c0b09
o § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Nitrux_Devs_Make_It_Easier_to_Upgrade_Your
Immutable_Nitrux_OS_Installations⠀⇛
Until now, upgrading your Nitrux installations to
newer releases involved downloading the latest ISO
image, writing on a USB flash drive, booting it on
your Nitrux machine, and performing an installation
using the Calamares installer where you had to make
sure that it doesn’t overwrite your /home
directory.
Upgrading your Linux distro should be a
straightforward process where you open a tool,
check for new versions, and perform the upgrade
with a few mouse clicks. Nitrux was missing such a
tool until now, as the devs announced Nitrux Update
Tool System, or NUTS for short.
# ⚓ Alpine Linux ☛ 2023-06-14_[Older]_Alpine_3.15.9,_3.16.6,
3.17.4_and_3.18.2_released⠀⇛
o § Slackware Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Eric Hameleers ☛ Surge_XT_synthesizer_added_to_my_Slackware
DAW_software_collection⠀⇛
The Surge XT synthesizer was recently mentioned in
the comments section of another post, and I
thought, why not add it to my DAW collection?
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ DSO_National_Laboratories_Collaborates
with_Red_Hat_to_Advance_DSO’s_Defense_Research_and
Development_Efforts⠀⇛
DSO National Laboratories (DSO), Singapore’s
national defense research and development (R&D)
organization, and open source leader Red Hat, today
announced a collaboration to develop new DevSecOps
capabilities. The joint work between Red Hat and
DSO shows the value of collaboration to facilitate
knowledge exchange in Singapore’s defense R&D
efforts.
# ⚓ IT World CA ☛ Empowering_change_through_DEI:_Red_Hat’s
women_in_technology_event_highlights_role_models_and_success
stories [Ed: So together with Microsoft, Red Hat under IBM
actively undermines the community]⠀⇛
On Jun. 7, Red Hat hosted its annual Women in
Technology event [...] From the venue in the
Microsoft Canada head office on the 43rd floor of
81 Bay Stree
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ “That’s_what_open_source_is_all_about”:
A_short_history_of_collaboration,_innovation_and_education_in
research⠀⇛
In 2017, Red Hat Chairman Paul Cormier and Boston
University (BU) professor Orran Krieger helped
spearhead a collaborative partnership between the
two institutions that would come to include
expanding Red Hat’s participation in the MOC
Alliance, the establishment of the Red Hat
Collaboratory at BU for research incubation, and
the creation of a Red Hat OpenShift Data Science
environment at BU for open source education
resources. The Red Hat Research team has been
managing Red Hat’s relationship with BU since the
team’s inception in 2018.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ 2023-06-13_[Older]_Red_Hat_compliance
certifications_and_attestations_achieved⠀⇛
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ 2023-06-13_[Older]_Plan_maintenance_of
your_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_systems_using_the_newly
published_upgrade_schema⠀⇛
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Protect_your_supply_chain_from
disasters⠀⇛
Disasters that affect companies can take many
forms: public health, terrorism and war, and
extreme weather. They can also affect companies in
different ways, including needing to shut down
offices, helping affected employees and regaining
access to networks and computers. It’s a
multifaceted challenge but, for the purposes of
this blog, we’re going to focus on anticipating and
responding to supply chain challenges due to
natural disasters such as hurricanes, typhoons,
floods, earthquakes, wildfires and droughts.
# ⚓ YouTube ☛ echnically_Speaking_(E19):_A_Composable
Industrial_Edge_Platform⠀⇛
Computers and automation have been part of
industrial operations for decades, so what’s all
the fuss with Industry 4.0? Join us as Red Hat CTO
Chris Wright and ABB CTO for Process Automation
Bernhard Eschermann take a look at the future of
industrial automation using composable industrial
edge platforms.
o § Debian Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Distro Watch ☛ Review:_Debian_12⠀⇛
Debian is a project that I’ve used a lot over the
years and it’s one for which I have a lot of
respect. Debian strives to be a “universal
operating system”, running on a wide range of
architectures, on a wide range of hardware, and in
a variety of roles. Debian can run on just about
anything (from a phone, to a Raspberry Pi, to a
server, to a laptop) and perform as a anything from
a web server to a gaming machine. The fact Debian
also offers both regular stable releases with five
years of support and rolling branches means the
distribution can be used just about anywhere. The
project’s famed stability and its flexible are key
reasons behind Debian being the basis for over 120
actively maintained distributions.
With all of that said, while Debian is a
technological and organizational achievement
virtually unparalleled in the open source
community, using plain Debian (as opposed to one of
its many children) is not a particularly pleasant
experience on a desktop computer. A big aspect of
this is, as I mentioned last week in my openSUSE
review, some distributions act as a unified whole,
a platform that feels designed. openSUSE is a prime
example of that, where all the pieces are fitted
together to make something greater than the sum of
their parts. Debian is toward the other end of the
spectrum and the distribution feels like an
uncoordinated collection of components. The pieces
are all in the same room, but they don’t fit
together, they aren’t following a shared vision.
Everything feels like it’s trying to follow a
lowest common denominator (fitting with Debian’s
“universal” theme). The themes are vanilla and
washed out, the desktop feels awkward to navigate
and requires a lot of mouse movement, nothing is
automated. Updates are checked for and applied
manually, Flatpak and Flathub access need to be
handled manually, and there is no central
configuration panel that works across all desktop
environments. We even need to grant our first user
admin access manually, which brings me to the
system installer.
In the past I’ve often pointed out that Debian’s
installer is awkward, slow, and unpleasant to use
compared to the system installers of most other
mainstream distributions. It uses about four times
more screens to accomplish the same result and, as
started earlier in this review, its “prompt, work,
prompt, work” approach means the user is trapped
interacting with it rather than entering some
information and then being free to walk away. The
installer also misses some popular features, such
as setting the first user up as an admin, which
other installers will usually provide. However, I
will also acknowledge that the trade-off has been
that Debian’s installer has worked and worked
consistently for years, largely unchanged. If you
ever installed Debian 6 then you can install Debian
12 using the same steps in the same order, on
either a graphical interface or a text console. The
experience has been predictable and reliable.
# ⚓ Russell Coker ☛ Russell_Coker:_BOINC_and_Idle_Users⠀⇛
The BOINC distributed computing client in Debian
(Bookworm and previous releases) can check the idle
time via the X11 protocol and run GPU jobs when the
interactive user is idle, so the user gets GPU
power for graphics when they need it and when it’s
idle BOINC uses it. This doesn’t work for Wayland
and unfortunately no-one has written a Wayland
equivalent of xprintidle (which shows the number of
milliseconds that the X11 session has been idle in
milliseconds.
In the Debian bug system there is bug_#813728_about
a_message_every_second_due_to_failed_attempts_to
find_X11_idle_time_[1]. On my main workstation with
Wayland it logs “Authorization required, but no
authorization protocol specified“.
# ⚓ Junichi_Uekawa:_Upgraded_my_main_machines_to_bookworm.⠀⇛
Upgraded my main machines to bookworm. Things look
relatively eventless. Nice.
Emacs is noisy. why is native-comp-async-report-
warnings-errors t?
I was a little surprised that drive01 didn’t seem
to know what was on drive02. Perhaps that could
have been remedied by adding more remotes there?
I’m not entirely sure; I’d thought would have been
able to do that automatically.
# ⚓ Valhalla’s_Things:_Shawl_Calculations⠀⇛
I’ve just realized that I’m not anywhere close to
finishing the shawl I’m knitting, so I’ve done the
perfectly logical and rational thing and started a
new one.
This one is using some yarn from the stash, so its
size is limited by the available yarn, and I wanted
to estimate how long it may be, so I weighted the
ball of yarn at the beginning and then again after
knitting 10 and 20 rows.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ The_PICO3566_is_an_alternative_to_Raspberry
Pi_CM3⠀⇛
The Software section under the product page
indicates that the company will provide images for
Android 12 and Debian 11.
Specifications listed for the PICO3566 include…
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Team_Aims_To_Use_Raspberry_Pi_in_Brown
Bear_Conservation_Effort⠀⇛
Ed Miller leads a team that plans to integrate
Raspberry Pis into their black bear conservation
efforts by tracking them with trail cameras and AI.
# ⚓ peppe8o ☛ Compile_MicroPython_firmware_from_Raspberry_PI
Computer_Board_for_Pico⠀⇛
In this tutorial, I will show you the process to
compile a MicroPython firmware for your Raspberry
PI Pico from your Raspberry PI computer board.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux On Mobile ☛ 2023-06-11_[Older]_Weekly_GNU-like_Mobile
Linux_Update_(23/2023):_The_most_stable_week_ever:
postmarketOS_23.06_and_Mobian_Bookworm⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gizmo China ☛ Ex-Xiaomi_Employee_Launches_World’s_First
Android_Desktop_Robot_at_1799_Yuan_($252)⠀⇛
# ⚓ SlashGear ☛ How_To_Check_Your_Screen_Time_On_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ SlashGear ☛ How_To_Set_Up_Your_Voicemail_On_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ When_will_Galaxy_S23_Series_get_One_UI_6_(Android_14)
Update?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Don’t_judge_all_of_Android_by_the_worst
of_Android_–_Android_Authority⠀⇛
# ⚓ Indian Express ☛ How_to_customize_your_home_screen_by
setting_custom_icons_on_Android_|_Technology_News,The_Indian
Express⠀⇛
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ 3_Android_brands_in_the_top_10_most_innovative
brands_of_2023⠀⇛
# ⚓ SlashGear ☛ 12_Popular_Android_Apps_That_Are_Likely_Slowing
Down_Your_Phone⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o ⚓ Terence Eden ☛ Federation_is_pretty_cool,_but_kinda_confusing,
and_maybe_a_little_scary⠀⇛
After a bit of clicking around, I figured out what had
happened. A user on the Kbin social network had linked to
my Mastodon profile. Thanks to the magic of the
ActivityPub protocol, it filtered into my mentions – even
though I’ve never even heard of Kbin. That’s pretty cool!
A user on one social network can mention a user on a
different social network – neither needs to be registered
on the other.
And that is where things get a little confusing and,
perhaps, a bit scary.
o ⚓ Akshay ☛ Plain_Text_Journaling⠀⇛
I cobbled together a journaling system with {neo,}vim,
coreutils and dateutils. This system is loosely based on
Ryder Caroll’s Bullet Journal method.
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# ⚓ Nicolas Fränkel ☛ Evaluating_Apache_APISIX_vs._Spring_Cloud
Gateway⠀⇛
Given the number of API Gateways available on the
market, I’m regularly asked which is better. Better
is a very subjective term. However, there’s no
denying that if you’re advocating for a product,
you should know your product and its competitors.
In this post, I’d like to share my understanding of
Spring Cloud Gateway and how it compares to Apache
APISIX.
I’m cautious when comparing products because most
comparisons I read are heavily biased. That’s a
risk, especially when working on one of the
products one is comparing. I’ll also avoid
“benchmarketing” – when you benchmark products in a
context that favors your own; I’ll focus on the so-
called Developer Experience.
o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾
# ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ Onlyoffice_Desktop_Editors_7.4_is_Out
with_New_Plugin_Manager⠀⇛
ONLYOFFICE Desktop Editors, the free and open-
source offline use office suite, released new 7.4
version a few days ago.
The new releases feature a “Plugin Manager“, allows
to easily install external functions support, such
as ChatGPT, YouTube, OCR, and more. User can of
course submit its own plugin to the market place
for other user use.
o § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾
# § Open Access/Content⠀➾
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ C_Program_to_Check_Prime_Number⠀⇛
A prime number is a natural number greater
than 1 that has no positive divisors other
than 1 and itself. The first few prime
numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and so on. To
check if a number is prime or not, we can use
the concept of loop structures in C
programming.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Java_Program_to_Check_Prime_Number⠀⇛
A prime number is a natural number greater
than 1 that is not a product of two smaller
natural numbers. In simpler terms, a prime
number is a number that has only two distinct
natural number divisors: 1 and itself.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# § Perl / Raku⠀➾
# ⚓ [Old]Chris ☛ Why_Perl?⠀⇛
I sometimes get asked why I use Perl so much.
Am I not a fan of strongly typed functional
programming? Yeah, I am. Ask me to write
something that is known, for sure, to become
a big system and I’ll pick strongly typed
functional programming without hesitation.
But most of the software I write is not for
sure going to become a big system. Here’s
what Perl does well: [...]
# § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Python_Program_to_Check_Prime_Number⠀⇛
Understanding the concept of prime numbers
and how to identify them is an essential
aspect of mathematics. A prime number is a
number that has only two distinct natural
number divisors: 1 and itself.
# § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾
# ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ One_temptation_of_shell
scripting_is_reusing_other_people’s_code⠀⇛
Here I don’t mean reusing code from other
shell scripts, because you can do that in any
language. Where shell scripting is unique is
that you immediately get to reuse a large
mass of code in the form of all of the Unix
utilities out there. Some of these utilities
have relatively direct equivalents in
languages like Python (especially if you’re
willing to be brute force), but not all of
them and often not as easily, and you also
don’t get to integrate with other utilities
in the fluid way you do with shell scripts.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Shell_Script_to_Check_Prime_Number⠀⇛
A prime number is a natural number greater
than 1 that has no positive divisors other
than 1 and itself. In this article, we will
explore how to write a shell script to check
if a given number is prime or not.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ BGR ☛ Video_ads_are_coming_to_Uber,_so_I’m_switching_to_a
competitor⠀⇛
Users will start seeing video ads when waiting for their
drivers to arrive and even during their trips. For cars
that have tables installed inside, they will also appear
there. For the Uber Eats app, video ads will play after
customers place orders and continue until their
deliveries arrive. Drizly, on its way, will have them in
search results on its app and website.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ CBC ☛ How_student_loans_keep_some_people_trapped_in_debt⠀⇛
Bonne is far from alone in his struggle with
student debt; 1.9 million Canadians owed the
federal government a total of $23.5 billion in
student loans as of July 2022 — a number that only
balloons further when including provincial loans
and private debt. More than half of those who
pursued professional programs such as medicine took
on bank loans or lines of credit, according to a
2020 Statistics Canada report.
Erika Shaker, the director of the national office
at the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives,
says this “gateway debt” perpetuates social
inequality and prevents people from achieving
financial independence.
# ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ UMich_under_review_from_High_Learning
Commission⠀⇛
The University of Michigan is currently under
review from its accrediting body, the Higher
Learning Commission, following a complaint filed by
the Graduate Employees’ Organization. In the
complaint, GEO alleged that the University entered
falsified grades for students with striking
graduate student instructors as part of their plan
to ensure all final grades were submitted following
the end of the winter term.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ ASUS_PRIME_N100I-D_D4_–_An_Intel_Processor
N100_mini-ITX_motherboard⠀⇛
ASUS PRIME N100I-D D4 is a fanless mini-ITX
motherboard based on the Intel Processor N100 quad-
core “Alder Lake-N” processor with up to 16GB DDR4,
M.2 NVME SSD and SATA storage, and three video
outputs via HDMI, DisplayPort, and VGA ports.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Intel_To_Ship_Quantum_Chip⠀⇛
In a world of 32-bit and 64-bit processors, it
might surprise you to learn that Intel is releasing
a 12-bit chip. Oh, wait, we mean 12-qubit. That
makes more sense. Code named Tunnel Falls, the chip
uses tiny silicon spin quantum bits, which Intel
says are more advantageous than other schemes for
encoding qubits.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_American_Medical_Association_admits_BMI_is
racist⠀⇛
Body Mass Index (BMI), a seemingly simple health
metric calculated by taking an individual’s weight,
dividing it by their height, then squaring that
number, has been the main metric to measure body
fat since the 1970s
o § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Paul_McCartney_says_new_Beatles_record
features_AI_John_Lennon⠀⇛
The “last” Beatles record is being made using
artificial intelligence. Paul McCartney says audio
engineers were able to extract John Lennon’s
unfinished song from an old demo, decades after the
band broke up. The new song is set to be released
soon.
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Another_Federal_Judge_Issues_a_Standing_Order_for
When_“AI_Has_Been_Used_in_Any_Way_in_the_Preparation_of
Filings”⠀⇛
From Judge Michael Baylson (E.D. Pa.), issued last
week: If any attorney for a party, or a pro se
party, has used Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) in
the preparation of any complaint, answer, motion,
brief, or other paper, filed with the Court, and
assigned to Judge Michael M. Baylson, MUST, in a
clear and plain factual…
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Google_Comes_Out_Against_a_‘Department_of_A.I.’⠀⇛
As the company explains, pre-market licensing would
delay—or even deny—our access to artificial
intelligence’s potential benefits.
# ⚓ Trail Of Bits ☛ Trail_of_Bits’s_Response_to_NTIA_AI
Accountability_RFC⠀⇛
By Heidy Khlaaf and Artem Dinaburg The National
Telecommunications and Information Administration
(NTIA) has circulated an Artificial Intelligence
(AI) Accountability Policy Request for Comment on
what policies can support the development of AI
audits, assessments, certifications, and other
mechanisms to create earned trust in AI systems.
# ⚓ WhichUK ☛ ‘My_return_train_ticket_was_wrongly_refused’:
your_rights_when_train_travel_goes_wrong⠀⇛
I travelled to Bath on the Friday – but when I
tried to return to London the following day, I was
told my tickets weren’t valid. On closer
inspection, I saw that the return ticket was only
valid for travel on the Monday, despite the app
stating I could return within three days.
# ⚓ [Repeat] Ruben Schade ☛ Ouroboros_LLMs_and_their_impending
entropy_problem⠀⇛
But for those who care not for socially
responsibility, another issue looms. I talked with
a few of you on Mastodon early this year about LLMs
feeding on the output of other LLMs, and what
effect that might have on their quality. I’m
starting to see more discussion around this, and it
raises interesting questions about the tech.
The first batch of plagiarism-as-a-service tools
were trained against human-generated data. Granted,
there’s always been procedurally-generated stuff on
the Internet, but it was probably easy enough to
filter out. Mediocre but plausibly-human sounding
chatbot output now abounds, and it’s only a matter
of time before it constitutes the bulk of the
modern web. It’s a dim thing to be excited about,
but don’t tell that to the latest shipload of
charlatans who gave up peddling blockchained
tulips.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Mandiant_attributes_Barracuda_Networks
malware_campaign_to_China-linked_hackers⠀⇛
Mandiant has determined that the recently
discovered hacking campaign targeting Barracuda
Networks Inc. customers was launched by China-
linked hackers. Mandiant, a breach investigation
company that was acquired by Google LLC earlier
this year, released its findings today.
# ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Global_hack:_Cybersecurity_firm_reports
suspected_Chinese_espionage⠀⇛
State-backed Chinese hackers have allegedly
breached the networks of hundreds of public and
private sector organizations across the globe,
according to a United States cybersecurity firm.
Nearly a third of the targets are government
agencies.
# § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾
# ⚓ New Yorker ☛ Phishing_Scammer_or_One_of_Your
Parents?⠀⇛
If the e-mail includes a zip file containing
forty-five photos of the sender’s recent trip
to Portugal, it’s from a scammer. Parents
send way more photos than that.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Google_advises_employees_not_to_enter
internal_information_into_AI_chatbots⠀⇛
Google LLC parent Alphabet Inc. has advised
employees not to enter internal information
into artificial intelligence chatbots.
Reuters reported the policy this morning,
citing four people familiar with the matter.
Google later confirmed the report. .
⚓ OpenRightsGroup ☛ Putting_Pride_In_Privacy⠀⇛
Coming out is the definitive queer right of passage. The main event
with no closing night. Often seen as a one-off, in reality we’re
constantly judging whether to come out based on who’s around, where
we are and what’s going on. The right to privacy gives us some choice
over this.
⚓ International Business Times ☛ 2023-06-16_[Older]_Google_warns_employees
about_chatbot_security_including_its_own_Bard⠀⇛
⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ China’s_ByteDance_Has_Gobbled_Up_$1_Billion_of_Nvidia_GPUs
for_AI_This_Year⠀⇛
China’s ByteDance has already ordered around 100,000 Nvidia
datacenter accelerators in 2023 — more than the entire Chinese market
ordered last year.
§ Confidentiality⠀➾
* ⚓ Ayer ☛ The_Difference_Between_Root_Certificate_Authorities,
Intermediates,_and_Resellers⠀⇛
But none of the organizations listed above are CAs – they just
take certificate requests and forward them to real CAs, who
validate the request and issue the certificate. The Internet is
safe – from these organizations, at least.
In this post, I’m going to define terms like certificate
authority, root CA, intermediate CA, and reseller, and explain
whom you do and do not need to worry about.
Note that I’m going to talk only about publicly-trusted SSL
certificate authorities – i.e those which are trusted by
mainstream web browsers.
§ Defence/Aggression⠀➾
* ⚓ France24 ☛ Dozens_killed_in_militant_attack_on_school_in_western
Uganda⠀⇛
Militants linked to the Islamic State group massacred at least
41 people, mostly students, in western Uganda, in the country’s
deadliest such attack in over a decade, officials said
Saturday.
* ⚓ Gannett ☛ Sentencing_documents_offer_look_at_what_led_Dearborn_man_to
fight_for_ISIS⠀⇛
After three failed marriages, Musaibli at the age of 25
traveled in 2015 to Syria, where he fought for ISIS, according
to federal prosecutors. He was eventually caught by the Syrian
Democratic Forces, handed over to the FBI and taken back to the
U.S. where he was criminally charged, according to court
records. In January, a jury found him guilty of three counts of
supporting the Islamic State group and training with its
members from 2015 to 2018.
On Thursday, U.S. District Judge David Lawson of the Eastern
District of Michigan sentenced Musaibli, age 33, to 14 years in
federal prison. The U.S. Attorney’s Office in Detroit had asked
Lawson for a 35-year sentence; defense attorneys asked for a
10-year sentence.
* ⚓ JURIST ☛ DOJ_indicts_US_airman_suspected_of_leaking_classified
documents⠀⇛
The US Department of Justice (DOJ) has indicted Jack Teixeira,
the US airman suspected of leaking classified US intelligence
documents, with six counts of willful retention and
transmission of classified information, according to a Thursday
press release. Teixeira remains in federal custody, following a
failed attempt by his legal counsel to obtain his release.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ North_Korea_Fires_2_Ballistic_Missiles⠀⇛
The launch of the short-range projectiles came the same day the
United States and South Korean militaries conducted a joint
live-fire drill.
* ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ South_Korea_recovers_part_of_rocket_used_in_North’s
failed_satellite_launch⠀⇛
A search is continuing for additional objects from what the
North claimed is a space launch vehicle.
* ⚓ France24 ☛ N._Korea_fires_two_short-range_ballistic_missiles_amid
ongoing_US-S._Korea_drills⠀⇛
North Korea fired two short-range ballistic missiles, South
Korea’s military said Thursday, shortly after Pyongyang warned
of an “inevitable” response to ongoing US-South Korea joint
military drills.
* ⚓ teleSUR ☛ UN_Relief_Chief:_Humanitarian_Situation_in_Sudan
Deteriorating⠀⇛
“Looting of medical and humanitarian assets continues on a
massive scale…”
* ⚓ teleSUR ☛ The_UN_Condemns_the_Assassination_of_West_Darfur_Governor⠀⇛
The governor was killed shortly after criticizing the
paramilitary Rapid Support Forces for ethnic attacks.
* ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Shooting_and_Fire_Leave_Six_Dead_in_Us_State_of_Tennessee⠀⇛
“It’s a domestic situation, obviously, that’s been ongoing for
quite some time,” according to Marion County Sheriff Bo
Burnett.
* ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Seymour_Hersh:_Partners_in_Doomsday⠀⇛
As Ukraine begins a counter-offensive and Biden’s hawks look
on, new rhetoric out of Russia points to a revival of the
nuclear threat.
* ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Protesters_in_Senegal_accuse_police_of_using
armed_civilians_to_quell_unrest⠀⇛
Demonstrators and civil rights groups in Senegal are accusing
the country’s security forces of working with armed civilians
who shot and killed several people who participated in recent
anti-government protests. Amnesty International says at least
23 people died during clashes between the country’s between
police and supporters of opposition leader Ousmane Sonko this
month. A young man told The Associated Press he saw a childhood
friend get shot in the chest by a person he recognized.
Senegal’s government denies gunmen for hire collaborated with
police. Rights groups say police shouldn’t have used live
bullet rounds to quell the unrest. Conflict analysts warn that
mobilizing civilians to reinforce law enforcement ranks would
set a dangerous precedent.
* ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-06-16_[Older]_Germany_marks_70_years_since_anti-
communist_uprising⠀⇛
* ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-06-12_[Older]_German_History:_The_GDR_uprising_of
1953⠀⇛
* ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ The_Choice_the_Philippines_Didn’t_Want_to_Make⠀⇛
Thirty-two years ago, the departure of American troops from the
archipelago symbolized the end of colonialism. Today, their
return seems like the least bad option.
* ⚓ Sirius_‘Open_Source’_Contributed_to_Perceptions_That_Open_Source_is_a
Fraud_and_the_Government_Lets_It_Off_the_Hook⠀⇛
Video download link | md5sum 25143997fa3602ec8a0eb4b96c0ea757
* ⚓ RFERL ☛ Armenian_PM_Accuses_Azerbaijan_Of_Ethnic_Cleansing_In_Nagorno-
Karabakh⠀⇛
Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian has accused Azerbaijan
of “ethnic cleansing” with its continued blockade of the
breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh region.
* § War in Ukraine⠀➾
o ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ Declassified_files_expose_British_role_in_NATO’s
Gladio_terror_armies⠀⇛
§ Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Why_the_Pentagon_Papers_Leaker_Tried_to_Get_Prosecuted
Near_His_Life’s_End⠀⇛
The charge he coveted was mishandling national security secrets
under the Espionage Act, and his plan was to give me another
classified document he had taken decades ago that he had held
onto without authorization all this time. He wanted to mount a
defense in a way that would offer the Supreme Court an
opportunity to declare that law unconstitutional as applied to
those who leaked government secrets to reporters. It is the
same law former President Donald J. Trump is now accused of
violating 31 times, though under very different circumstances.
* ⚓ Gannett ☛ Daniel_Ellsberg,_the_Pentagon_Papers_leaker,_had_roots_in
metro_Detroit,_Cranbrook_Schools⠀⇛
Ellsberg, whose hair by then had turned all white, grew up in
Michigan, in Highland Park — back when it was a growing blue-
collar, middle-class, auto-industry suburb — and his message,
in light of the then-upcoming presidential election, was to be
socially and politically active.
The 7,000-page Pentagon Papers, which Ellsberg surreptitiously
released to the press, was titled, “Report of the Office of the
Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force.” It led to a First
Amendment showdown, with the U.S. Supreme Court siding with the
newspapers.
* ⚓ [Old] The Olof Palme Memorial Fund ☛ 2018_–_Daniel_Ellsberg⠀⇛
More than four decades later Daniel Ellsberg again takes on the
Pentagon´s secret war plans. He warns us of a nuclear
holocaust, caused by the refusal of the nine nuclear states to
comply with the binding commitment of the Treaty on the Non-
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to further the goals of a
nuclear-free world.
* ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_World_Bank_has_spent_$37_billion_since_2020_on_“climate
mitigation”_projects._Most_have_little_to_do_with_climate⠀⇛
According to an analysis by the Breakthrough Institute and the
Center for Global Development, the majority of climate projects
funded by the World Bank between 2020 and 2022 turned out to
have little to do with climate at all.
§ Environment⠀➾
* § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
o ⚓ New York Times ☛ In_Sam_Bankman-Fried_Case,_U.S._Withdraws_New
Charges⠀⇛
They said they were willing to proceed to trial in
October without pursuing charges they filed after Mr.
Bankman-Fried was extradited from the Bahamas.
o ⚓ [Repeat] New York Times ☛ Binance_Reaches_Deal_With_Government_to
Avert_U.S._Shutdown⠀⇛
After filing fraud charges against Binance on June 5, the
S.E.C. moved to freeze the firm’s U.S. assets in a move
that the exchange’s lawyers said would put it out of
business in the United States.
But in a court filing on Friday, the S.E.C. said that the
two sides had reached a compromise after several days of
court-ordered mediation. On Saturday morning, Judge Amy
Berman Jackson, who is overseeing the case in federal
court in Washington, signed off on the deal.
o ⚓ New York Times ☛ He_Went_After_[Cryptocurrency]_Companies._Then
Someone_Came_After_Him.⠀⇛
When he woke up the next morning, Mr. Roche says, he felt
groggy. He couldn’t remember much aside from being pretty
sure he had spotted Mr. Villavicencio’s business partner,
a Norwegian named Christen Ager-Hanssen, lurking at a
nearby table. The brain fog was odd because he didn’t
think he’d had all that much to drink. As he flew back to
Miami a few days later, Mr. Roche couldn’t shake the
feeling that something was amiss.
* § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
o ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Monstrous_mustard?_California_chefs,_artists_target
invasive_species.⠀⇛
California is blooming with wild mustard this year. The
invasive species smothers native plants and serves as
tinder for wildfires in a state already ravaged by
blazes. In response, artists are using the plant as dye
and chefs are cooking with it.
* § Overpopulation⠀➾
o ⚓ Omicron Limited ☛ Satellites_show_gains_in_California_water⠀⇛
While surface water basins are filling, underground
stores of fresh water (aquifers) that are tapped for
irrigation and other needs could take years to fully
recharge. “One good winter of rain and snow won’t make up
for years of extreme drought and extensive groundwater
use,” said Felix Landerer, GRACE-FO project scientist at
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The GRACE-FO team will
continue to track how California’s water storage evolves
through the summer after the snowpack melts and water
levels in the state’s lakes, rivers, and reservoirs start
to recede during drier weather.
o ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Instagram_partly_to_blame_for_South_Korea’s
record-low_fertility_rate,_says_star_math_lecturer⠀⇛
The lecturer criticised the trend of Instagram users
“flexing” their fancy lifestyle habits.
o ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ Forest_Bathing⠀⇛
“Many go fishing all their lives without knowing that it
is not the fish they are after.”
§ Finance⠀➾
* ⚓ Reason ☛ Companies_Shouldn’t_Have_the_Right_To_Veto_Their_Competition⠀⇛
Certificate of need laws hurt consumers by decreasing the
supply of services, raising prices, and lowering service
quality.
* ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Sonos_Triggers_7%_Layoff_While_Substantially
Reducing_Real_Estate_Holdings⠀⇛
Sonos has disclosed a 7% reduction in its workforce in the
latest layoff round to hit a tech company. Sonos says it is
also committing to further reducing its real estate footprint
and re-evaluating its program spending. The layoffs and
decisions regarding who is impacted are subject to local laws
and consultation requirements.
* ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Leading_Economist_Blames_Beyonce_for_Raising
Inflation_in_Sweden⠀⇛
A leading Danske Bank economist estimates that the Beyonce
Renaissance Tour launching in Stockholm contributed to Sweden’s
rising inflation. Beyonce fans flocking to Sweden’s capital
city sent hotel prices soaring, and economist Michael Grahn is
calling it a “Beyonce blip.
* ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Why_It_Matters_Who_Caused_Inflation⠀⇛
Disentangling the many drivers of the trend is difficult, but
who we blame for it also shapes what we do about it.
* ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Finnish_Chamber_of_Commerce_Chief_Economist:_Inflation
to_Slow_Down_Significantly_–_“Historically_high_inflation_period_soon_to
be_a_bad_memory”⠀⇛
The pace of inflation is finally starting to show a more
noticeable slowdown, as consumer prices in Finland rose by 6.8
percent in May, compared to 7.9 percent in April. The decrease
in gasoline prices had the largest impact on slowing down
inflation compared to the previous year. The Chief Economist of
the Central Chamber of Commerce emphasizes the significant role
of mortgage interest rates in domestic inflation measurement,
and without them, inflation would have been only 4.9 percent.
* ⚓ India Times ☛ Outsourcing_hubs_like_India_to_bag_40%_of_jobs_lost_to
layoffs⠀⇛
Experts say that 30-40% of the more than 300,000 technology
jobs lost to layoffs globally could move to outsourcing hubs
like India in the coming months.
A lot of these jobs are likely to be redistributed across the
existing workforce of large tech companies in India, they said.
* ⚓ Axios ☛ The_financial_toll_of_right-wing_backlash:_At_least_$28B_in
market_value⠀⇛
Data: Yahoo! Finance; Chart: Axios Visuals. Correction: The
chart was fixed to show the data is based on the S&P 500 index,
not S&P Global’s stock.
Social issues are creating_a_market_downdraft for America’s mainstay brands —
just ask Target, Anheuser Busch, Kohl’s and their collective $28.7 billion loss
in market value since the beginning of April.
Why it matters: Fiercely contested cultural issues have always aroused
political passions, and held sway over electoral politics.
⚓ Reason ☛ California_Is_Killing_Fast_Food_Jobs⠀⇛
California lawmakers and President Joe Biden seem determined to help
fast-food workers by eliminating their jobs.
⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ 2023-06-14_[Older]_Banks_Are_Using_High_Interest_Rates_to
Rip_Off_Depositors⠀⇛
⚓ Latvia ☛ Road_building_cartel_to_result_in_million-repayment_to_EU⠀⇛
After the Competition Council identified a road construction cartel,
the Central Financial and Contract Agency (CFLA) concluded that the
State would have to reimburse part of the EU funding allocated to the
projects affected by the cartel, totaling EUR 1.02 million, according
to the CFLA’s statement on June 16.
⚓ Counter Punch ☛ 2023-06-16_[Older]_Inflation,_Corporate_Pricing_and_Central
Banking⠀⇛
⚓ International Business Times ☛ 2023-06-13_[Older]_Growing_demand_for_shared
banking_hubs_as_39%_of_people_can’t_manage_accounts_online⠀⇛
⚓ Counter Punch ☛ 2023-06-16_[Older]_Inflation,_Corporate_Pricing_and_Central
Banking⠀⇛
§ AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Creeping_Shariah_Has_Nothing_on_the_Woke_Mob⠀⇛
How conservatives went from demonizing Muslims to wooing them.
* ⚓ France24 ☛ Boris_Johnson_deliberately_misled_MPs_over_‘partygate’,_says
parliamentary_committee⠀⇛
Former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson deliberately misled
Parliament about the lockdown-flouting parties that undermined
his credibility and contributed to his downfall, a committee of
lawmakers said Thursday after a year-long investigation
* ⚓ France24 ☛ Starbucks_ex-manager_awarded_$25.6_million_for_wrongful
dismissal_after_arrest_of_Black_men⠀⇛
Jurors in federal court have awarded $25.6 million to a former
Starbucks regional manager who alleged that she and other white
employees were unfairly punished after the high-profile arrests
of two Black men at a Philadelphia location in 2018.
* ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Megaupload_programmers_cop_a_plea_in_New_Zealand_to
avoid_extradition⠀⇛
Yesterday, two of those associates – Mathias Ortmann and Bram
van der Kolk, both programmers for Megaupload – pled guilty in
New Zealand’s High Court.
As the sentencing notes [PDF] in the case explain, the pair’s
role as developers meant they understood Megaupload’s
operations and intentions. After years of legal action they
agreed to plead guilty, and assist US authorities, in return
for extradition proceedings ending.
* ⚓ European Commission ☛ Artificial_intelligence:_in_Europe,_innovation
and_safety_go_hand_in_hand_|_Statement_by_Commissioner_Thierry_Breton⠀⇛
On the contrary, the challenge is to act quickly and take
responsibility for exploiting all the advances while
controlling the risks. And it is regulation that gives start-
ups the legal certainty they need to innovate.
* ⚓ Connor Tumbleson ☛ The_Reddit_Drama⠀⇛
As June started an article spread like wildfire in the
technical communities and it was this thread on Reddit: “Had a
call with Reddit to discuss pricing. Bad news for third-party
apps, their announced pricing is close to Twitter’s pricing,
and Apollo would have to pay Reddit $20 million per year to
keep running as-is.”
The title basically summarizes this issue, but we need to turn
back the clock to understand what Apollo is and why this spread
quickly.
* § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
o ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ From_The_Daily:_Revisiting_the_misconceptions
associated_with_gun_violence⠀⇛
Content warning: Gun violence, suicide, domestic abuse It
has been one year since The Michigan Daily Summer
Editorial Board published an editorial discussing and
demystifying the common misconceptions many Americans
have about gun violence.
§ Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
* ⚓ RFERL ☛ Belarusian_Singer_Who_Refused_Lukashenka_Scholarship_In_2020
Faces_Criminal_Charges⠀⇛
Belarusian singer Patrytsia Svitsina, who in 2020 refused to
accept a scholarship from authoritarian ruler Alyaksandr
Lukashenka, citing her “moral principles,” is facing a charge
of “actively participating in actions that blatantly disrupt
social order.”
* ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Website_Owners_Say_Traffic_Is_Plummeting_After_a_Facebook
Algorithm_Change⠀⇛
It’s a troubling change in an increasingly frail digital news
business, where companies have little choice but to rely on
social media’s biggest gatekeeper. Publishers say they deserve
transparency, but as with similar changes in the past, there’s
been no communication from Meta, Facebook’s parent company. In
fact, Meta did not respond to Gizmodo’s request for comment on
the matter.
* ⚓ ANF News ☛ Two_arrested_over_attack_on_journalist_Sinan_Aygül_in
Tatvan⠀⇛
Journalist Sinan Aygül, who had been writing about the
corruption and land sales of the municipality of Tatvan for a
while, was targeted by a violent attack on Saturday.
Aygül wrote on his Twitter account: “I was attacked by the
armed bodyguards of mayor Mehmet Emin Geylani in Tatvan a
little while ago. They got out of the municipal vehicle, hit me
on the head from behind, insulted and threatened me to death. I
am being taken to Tatvan State Hospital.”
§ Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ 3_Charged_With_New_Hampshire_Public_Radio_Attacks⠀⇛
The homes of New Hampshire Public Radio journalists were
vandalized after they aired a sexual harassment investigation
involving a prominent businessman in the state.
* ⚓ CPJ ☛ 2023-06-16_[Older]_Digital_security_checklist_for_journalists_in
exile⠀⇛
§ Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Japan_Changes_Its_Rape_Laws_to_Require_Consent⠀⇛
Japan’s previous laws on sexual assault did not mention
permission and required that the crime include physical force.
The new law also raises the age of consent to 16, from 13.
* ⚓ JURIST ☛ Japan_National_Diet_votes_to_raise_age_of_consent⠀⇛
Japan’s national legislature passed groundbreaking revisions to
its sex crimes laws Friday. The House of Councillors, the upper
house of Japan’s National Diet, voted in favor of changes to
Chapter 22 of Japan’s Penal Code. Chapter 22 concerns crimes of
obscenity, forcible sexual intercourse, and bigamy.
* ⚓ Reason ☛ Small_Porn_Producers_Will_Be_Hurt_Most_by_New_Age_Verification
Laws⠀⇛
New mandates in states like Utah and Virginia will lock in
large incumbents like PornHub while discouraging positive
trends and self-regulation in the industry.
* ⚓ RFERL ☛ Two_Iranians_Accused_Of_Organizing_Protests_Detained,
‘Confessions’_Broadcast⠀⇛
Iranian state news agencies have reported the arrest of two
young men accused of being part of a team that manages a
Telegram channel associated with the wave of protests sweeping
the country.
* ⚓ Quartz ☛ Google_minted_more_than_$10_million_from_ads_for_fake_abortion
clinics⠀⇛
Google is making money from those misleading abortion seekers,
according to a new study.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Kenyan_Cult_Survivors,_Still_Refusing_to_Eat,_Face
Suicide_Charges⠀⇛
Dozens of members rescued from a church whose pastor is accused
of telling followers to starve themselves appeared in court. A
judge sent them to rehab rather than jail to await another
hearing.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ Tunisians_Mourn_a_Hard-Fought_Freedom_Rapidly_Slipping
Away⠀⇛
When reflecting on their Arab Spring revolution, Tunisians
often say that freedom of expression was the only concrete
achievement. As the country slides back toward autocracy, that,
too, is being quickly eroded.
* ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ What_is_an_apology_without_justice?⠀⇛
While Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized for the
residential school system in 2008, the United States has never
done so publicly.
* ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Amazon_Drivers_Are_Actually_Just_“Drivers_Delivering
for_Amazon,”_Amazon_Says⠀⇛
This is a very important difference.
* ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Teamsters_Authorize_Nationwide_UPS_Strike⠀⇛
Workers voted 97 percent in favor of authorizing a strike.
* ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ The_End_of_Affirmative_Action._For_Real_This_Time.⠀⇛
Two Supreme Court decisions expected next week could profoundly
change the makeup of higher education.
* ⚓ RFA ☛ Digger_plows_into_grasslands_protesters_in_China,_injuring_ethnic
Mongolian_herder⠀⇛
Residents say officials sold their grazing lands out from under
them
* ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ South_Korea_launches_nationwide_probe_into_secret
Chinese_‘police_stations’⠀⇛
China is allegedly running more than 100 police stations in at
least 53 countries.
* ⚓ [Repeat] Ruben Schade ☛ Sites_redirecting_you_to_localised_nothing⠀⇛
This is happening more and more. I’ll visit a global website
for a computer or camera site, and the server will detect I’m
in a different country. They’ll claim there’s an Australian or
Singapore-specific page I can go to for more relevant
information, which I’ll click through to. Invariably, I get a
404 on that localised site.
* ⚓ DaemonFC (Ryan Farmer) ☛ The_Incident_at_Waukegan_Pep_Boys_is_a_Symptom
of_a_Disease._The_Attack_on_Labor.⠀⇛
The pay is listed on Indeed as $620 per week, gross, that is
before any taxes or withholding. If you average this out as a
40 hour week, that’s only $15.50 an hour.
A wage that is so low that it’s less money than my spouse makes
at Walmart even with his hours cut for a while to 34 per week
(and we’re working on this problem), and his job isn’t even one
where you will risk physical injury working on cars, be exposed
to hazardous carcinogens and hot muggy shops and lift heavy
things a lot and have to road test cars that may be unsafe to
operate due to the owner “delaying maintenance”. That’s the new
term in America for being broke.
§ Monopolies⠀➾
* ⚓ International Business Times ☛ 2023-06-16_[Older]_Amazon_gets_approval
by_the_CMA_regarding_iRobot_acquisition_despite_past_concerns⠀⇛
* § Copyrights⠀➾
o ⚓ Quartz ☛ Ticketmaster’s_parent_company_Live_Nation_will_end
hidden_fees⠀⇛
US president Joe Biden is meeting today (June 15) with
representatives of some of the country’s largest
entertainment and travel companies to end their practice
of levying hidden fees.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2816
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_19/06/2023:_“We_Need_More_of_Richard_Stallman,_Not_Less”⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 9:20 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Science
o Technology_and_Free_Software
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_ACYGINF_Wordo:_SKIPS⠀⇛
# ⚓ Re:_~christyotwisty’s_Five_Questions_for_June_2023⠀⇛
I guess it depends a bit on what you consider an
object? And whether I should limit it to things I
have a realistic possibility of ever buying. Is a
house an object? If so, I’d like a Victorian in a
walkable neighborhood, please. If a house isn’t,
but a car is, I’d like a Hyundai Ioniq or Kia EV6.
I’m under no misapprehension that electric cars are
a real solution to climate change; we need to aim
at eliminating cars almost entirely, in favor of
universal quality public transit. While I’m waiting
on that dream, I hate my current car. It gets much
worse in-town gas mileage than I expected it to,
and has been unexpectedly expensive to maintain. I
don’t have any foreseeable chance of buying either
of those things, since electric cars are still
priced as luxury items here in the US.
# ⚓ Good_Music_You_Haven’t_Heard_Of⠀⇛
“Music is my life” is a cliche, so I’ll refrain
from saying it. Suffice it to say that my life has
revolved significantly around music for a very long
time.
Starting from high school I was one of those kids
who had headphones on at every possible second.
While not quite so anti-social anymore, I have
worked as a developer for more than 10 years at
this point, and have spent every work day of all of
those listening to music while coding. And that’s
to say nothing of the hundreds of thousands of
miles driven, workouts worked, and dinners cooked
while blasting tunes.
# ⚓ Medevel ☛ 23_Free_and_Open-source_Documentation_Generators
For_Developers⠀⇛
What is a Documentation Generator?
A documentation generator is a tool that automates
the process of creating documentation for software
projects, APIs, or other technical products.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ New_Rubik’s_4x4x4_Cube⠀⇛
I’ve been interested in Rubik’s Cubes and other
twisty puzzles for almost twenty years, but the
height of my obsession was around 2010. Most of the
puzzles I own come from those days, including my
two Rubik’s-brand 4x4x4 puzzles.
The original mechanism in official Rubik’s 4x4x4
cubes consisted of a plastic ball with grooves just
offset from each perpendicular equatorial ring. The
offset allowed one half of the puzzle to slide
along the groove, while notches on the other side
of the offset held the other half in place. As the
outer layers turned, pieces would be swapped in and
out of the grooves.
# ⚓ The_lack_of_time_for_geeky_tasks!⠀⇛
It’s been a busy month! New things going on at work
world compounded with plenty to do around the house
means I haven’t spent as much as I would doing side
projects. In turn, nothing really notiable to phlog
about as of late.
# ⚓ RE:_Division,_remainder,_mod_➗%❓⠀⇛
Yes, you are qualified. You can tell whether -1 and
1 are the same number.
And yes, as a programmer, you should care. Integers
are the most basic atomic data type in a computer.
As programmers we have to deal with integers and do
integer arithmetic all the time. Both remainder and
modulo are useful (the latter more so than the
former, in my experience), and knowing which one we
have in hands can be the difference between the
program we just wrote doing what we expected or
crashing.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Yet_More_On_Paging⠀⇛
So it turns out that amfora copies Bombadillo and
only scrolls some of the page. Half-page scrolling
can be problematic as the new content may be hard
to find in the middle of the terminal. Half-page
might be good if you’re quickly skimming the text;
two impressions might help you spot something that
was missed when it was elsewhere on the page, and
in that case you’re glancing around and not
following the prose. One option here is to patch
amfora for full-page motion; probably these should
be distinct commands like less, mutt, and vi have
for full- or half-page motions.
# ⚓ Neovim:_init.lua_from_scratch⠀⇛
After chucking one of my only remaining Arch
installations in favor of FreeBSD (now a dual boot
with Void) I’ve been one by one massaging my
dotfiles and fixing software compatibility issues
to get my preferred environment up and running.
Only yesterday I managed to get my multiplexer,
Zellij, up and running by backporting a fix from
upstream git to their current release. I’ve been
having trouble getting my NeoVim config setup, in
that it was reporting that it couldn’t set up
language servers, and last night after work I began
investigating.
I’ve been using kickstart.nvim for a while as a
jumping off point, as when I made the switch from
an init.vim to init.lua I didn’t really feel like
starting from scratch. But what I found bothered me
enough that I chucked it all. About four months ago
they switched from the Vim package manager they had
always used, Packer, to a new one called Lazy. I’ve
never experienced issues with Packer, but if that
was the only change and things were working I’d
probably just roll with it. They also switched from
just using the NeoVim official lsp support package
to a new plugin called Mason which is supposed to
make installing new language servers easier. Crap,
here we go.
# ⚓ We_need_more_of_Richard_Stallman,_not_less⠀⇛
The Free Software movement has been mostly killed
by the corporate Open Source. The Free Software
Foundation (FSF) and its founder, Richard Stallman
(RMS), have been decried for the last twenty years,
including by my 25-year-old self, as being outdated
and inadequate.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3025
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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.19.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Links_19/06/2023:_Tale_Of_Two_Unknowns_and_Perfect_Home_Lab⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 8:41 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal/Opinions
o Science
o Technology_and_Free_Software
# Internet/Gemini
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾
# ⚓ Three_variations_on_a_feedback_theme⠀⇛
It shouldn’t need pointing out that positive
feedback can be a terribly bad thing. Let’s
consider some very different cases.
[..]
Mais oui, it still _would be_ a problem even if the
users had the full ownership of this technology.
The scenario that comes to my mind is that people
already use their headphones to mask out an
undesirable, harsh sonic environment. In response
to this shielding, I suppose, sound signals and
announcements have to be made louder to reach even
those listening to music in their headset. Anyway,
I can think of no equally plausible explanation for
the absurdly loud announcements of the next stop at
the regional train, occasionally also on busses.
Yes, the population’s hearing is also gradually
deteriorating by frequent exposure to loud sound
levels, so the signals that must penetrate the
noise have to be made louder again.
The Acoustic Ecology movement (R. Murray Schafer
and others) would ordain increased awareness of our
sounding surroundings instead of trying to block
them out. Which is not to say that a noisy city
dominated by the diffuse persistent motor hum and
rubber decks against roads, mixed to a blur of
vehicles at all distances, is an ideal or
particularly fascinating soundscape. Schafer would
prefer a quiter backdrop in which delicate sounds
are given a chance to be heard, a rural, pre-
industrial soundscape.
# ⚓ A_few_photos_from_a_river_walk_last_week⠀⇛
From the trails along the Tanana River…
# ⚓ Garden_Photos⠀⇛
A few photos from last week, from the garden in
front of our apartment.
# ⚓ More_river_trail_photos⠀⇛
I believe this flower is the same as the Northern
Bluebell mentioned in this Wikipedia article…
# ⚓ The_Pursuit_of_Less:_Anyone_Else_on_This_Journey?⠀⇛
Just finished another marathon with my two little
whirlwinds, and while I was tidying up their
battlefield, a thought washed over me. The thing
is, I’ve been trying to simplify life lately. Has
anyone else been wandering down this less-trodden
path?
I look around, and my life is cluttered with
possessions; objects I once craved, but now merely
collect dust. Unopened Blu-Rays, video games whose
titles I’ve long forgotten, gadgets I’ve barely
touched. They’re all silent reminders of a time
when more was exciting. But, as of late, my desire
seems to be shifting towards the exact opposite –
less.
# ⚓ The_Nightfall_Express⠀⇛
Looks like the renovation work on Main Street’s
metro station is finally over. *points out*.
There’s a new train too, The Nightfall Express,
that supposedly takes you all the way across
Nightfall and beyond. The next one leaves at 19:00
(Send me an email at m15o at posteo dot net if
you’d like some to help test this new protocol out!
Would love to get your feedback :))
# ⚓ Music_Is_a_Time_Machine⠀⇛
I’m sure this has been brought on by my upcoming
move and new job, but I’ve been finding myself
listening to my nostalgia playlists more often
lately.
Most of these songs are ones that I haven’t
listened to in years, but when I hear them I’m
instantly reminded of memories from a specific
year, couple of months, or even a particular event.
# ⚓ Weekend_Update⠀⇛
My partner’s birthday was last week. For the next
little while, we’re the same age. Then, my own
counter ticks up.
Her parents came in late last week for her
birthday. We got ice cream on Thursday. My partner
and her mom went to the spa on Friday, and then
afterward we all went to a 50s-style diner in a
nearby small town. Burgers, fries, hot dogs, ice
cream, milkshakes. Our booth done up in vinyl and
metallic red paint.
We had a BBQ with her folks and a couple of friends
on Saturday. Steak (well done; my father-in-law
won’t eat meat if there’s a hint of red), baked
potatoes, a couple different kinds of salad, potato
chips, Hawkins cheezies. Good beer for those who
wanted it. And lots of games.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ Tale_Of_Two_Unknowns⠀⇛
“Solaris” the book is quite interesting. I can see
why a movie would be problematic, especially in
1972, or even now, in the likely event the audience
finds Crazy Ocean boring or has any sort of need
for closure, as most humans do. This is probably
why the filmmakers added something more than “I
guess it’s time to go,” the End.
“Rendezvous with Rama” is comparatively dull: the
alien vessel is encountered; characters and
technology precise for the next situation arrive
like clockwork; please buy the sequel. There, a set
of three.
# ⚓ realizing_limits⠀⇛
I have always been used to doing things alone and
having to handle crises alone; I grew up an only
child, rest of the family far away, parents
unreliable and neglectful. Asking them for any help
would end in judgement, using the info against me,
or never letting me forget about the time they
needed to help me. It seemed like a huge burden to
them and they would dramatically sigh and act
annoyed throughout it all. Peers were nothing to
rely on as well, especially for more complex
issues.
o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾
# ⚓ My_Perfect_Home_Lab_—_An_Antithesis⠀⇛
After reading about the new home lab subspace on
BBS, it’s time to write a little about my ideas of
the perfect home lab, which I wanted to do for a
long time.
[...]
I’ve had this situation for three years, but then
needed to have a wired Internet connection for
remote work during and after COVID-19 to improve
latency. While my connection is now much better
than before, my LTE Internet speed was okay for
ordinary web browsing and the occasional download
and cloud sync.
In the last 20 years before that, I’ve always owned
a second computer as a backup computer and server
at home. For a couple of years I’ve connected an
external RAID 5 to my server. In the last years
before cancelling my wired Internet connection, I
only owned a NAS, which had a single SSD installed
to avoid any noise, and I did online backups. My
DSL connection was always the fastest available and
I always got the maximum connection rate.
# ⚓ I_just_want_to_fucking_play_Call_of_Duty_on_my_day_off⠀⇛
Me: I finally get to play this brand new copy of
Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2 on my day off
Me: [Puts disc into PS5 and clicks play]
PS5: MUST INSTALL UPDATE FOR THIS APPLICATION FIRST
Me: ok
PS5: IT’S 63 GB
# ⚓ No,_i_am_not_from_the_future…⠀⇛
.. i am just too stupid to enter the correct date
in my feed.gmi 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇;-)⦈
But this whole “timetravelling” thing reminded me
of a story i read a while back about the “John
Titor” persona that emerged some time around the
early 00s…
That i never heard about it back in the day (even
as someone who frequented UFO and conspiracy forums
quiet extensively) is quiet interesting… perhaps
another proof of how more diverse the internet back
then was. So, as it was way too hot to sleep last
night i crawled into this rabbit hole and spend
many hours reading and digging deeper.
# ⚓ Using_git_bundle_to_synchronize_a_repository_between_Qubes
OS⠀⇛
In a previous article, I explained how to use
Fossil version control
system to version the files you may write in dom0
and sync them against
a remote repository.
I figured how to synchronize a git repository
between an AppVM and
dom0, then from the AppVM it can be synchronized
remotely if you want.
This can be done using the git feature named
bundle, which bundle git
artifacts into a single file.
# ⚓ Maybe_it’s_time_to_post_something_again⠀⇛
We need more of Richard Stallman, not less
> The problem is that we didn’t listen.
Ego *can’t* listen. It can *pretend* to. Quite
convincingly, too: whatever it takes to keep the
other egos a combination of misinformed and
guessing so as to be a fine mix of lesser and
behind.
`
RMS was and still is pictured as a
dangerous maniac
Ego loves seeing other egos as whatever form of
lesser (e.g. “dangerous maniac”) being/personhood/
individuality necessary to feel, um, more-er.
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Announcement:_Weather_CGI_Fixes⠀⇛
In the early days of my capsule I implemented
a weather forecast CGI. A visitor can enter a
five-digit US ZIP code, and the CGI will
present a one-week weather forecast from the
National Weather Service. That CGI is still
online today.
The original script was written in Bash, but
in July of 2022 I converted all my CGI
content to Python. In preparation for that
change, I compiled a database with a list of
ZIP codes, their corresponding cities and
states, and the NWS weather stations and grid
numbers needed to get the ZIP’s forecast via
API. This required me to first find a source
that gave the latitude and longitudes of each
ZIP code, then querying the API with the list
of coordinates to get the stations.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
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