𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Tuesday, February 14, 2023
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Generated Wed 15 Feb 02:41:10 GMT 2023
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈
Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕
Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
QmTbEVdKr9BDpRERsQf4pzrxBWAxqYjWiz4D7tHPWP23Xr
QmTzU5jib61mC1u41k5rv8ogSts3JaWyjewoajVPD5g57m
QmVtrAasZaunyUmUK2Ux1CtNtbdMWCLBTYQzmeLrKKykBg
QmYV3WS2gpVGuPpGL214RmMcjMk45cBmmXgM7VBxCDEv4H
QmamtVaJ1jkVqwTRHeheoiVfr7r3ijZpHVWct6WE9FvhVN
QmbFDooXZn997QjZY3cCKWM82PnZJjTTiaSSMufBXjiNXP
QmXU8EhJFQRtv8o2V6scWUz5kebeKRmyZa6mEimNyZLPtm
Qmb399zeJfbfeD2xUcMf2JDeQPEXQZXKB4r2KNpE2YN16j
QmVaSG1ALmtpgw3bqUgN2o37FRRRvK92JA5SKGzkigi5Qg
QmXe8bt58f7QFPCzPjfHLJEDufxCy9LYEr1x5WRuwvvwxd
QmXCyRSEqZvXQpdJJgNTZ2SmscGBN8faNeNbNZcV8zoX6D
QmbqEc6DR3dJD1Zez6UEB9NiyCWswQvsYE1yFxnM6ghvgG
QmaVY3HqyuHpVGyMxeT4Bud2vNW78oYnx8dJCM6ZZK5ziE
QmSUai4xNvwMKU2TbSerbPiWGAVberWqCyRsFtpfBmSJUA
QmdqfApkUHoNL7LgRhijLyQ917yqySCE8TFPFh8Efixmuk
QmYUwzBTiff9y3NpVBbZgEPJYspVVxmzVVYkzar4igJRiY
QmWU4whiYNSNx6oxSqvGVEkr1unaGuqfGtoiphqZLBAxVJ
QmQUWdJviNhacCKbEie2yYrdrQaNYjUhGH7B8majeYU6Vb
Qmckkfq1rqb7mTK7w6RbFZJjskRKcnUk8PdtMmcLwUhXgV
QmVY5cAKghhEttE24TaNrAQgciJau5j7EoeaEmfjYdbLMD
QmUUEWf3hsUuMVJFPVavJpe7kPpi5bCmXqN9PPz7qbVMEu
╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Monday, February 13, 2023 | Techrights
⦿ Russia Moving Away From Microsoft Windows Faster Than the World in General | Techrights
⦿ Why Windows Vista 11 Still Sucks | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/irc-log-130223/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-away-from-microsoft-windows/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/windows-vista-11/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/mozilla-firefox-110/#comments
http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-builds-m-os/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 54
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/irc-log-130223/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/irc-log-130223/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Monday,_February_13,_2023⠀✐
Posted in Site_News at 2:22 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-130223.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-130223.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-130223.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-130223.gmi
Over HTTP:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
=> =============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
CID Description Object type
IRC log for
QmYxVqZ45f97nGGYxEegKfHmH1tetywgDf532oBwSrpQWX #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell
QmRyJJRtHCJtgJ2kd2Twc5efujkA9CTtaca3xEuo8M3S5E (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmfL2VCHvNLhKoDwPoLZL5NqwCzweSmfTsL6MNPn9o3nnD social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmTVWXHN5bhMBMjqS2JZQygyo3bAjNgmaApbpYjti2bCGC social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
(full IRC log
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
QmY6Q4e7SwHJBBPPXMdqAMGa43xNgYBk4upMtKsEKGbVnT #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techbytes
Qmdrmfg6Ne1jWxsGSF1rWwpcDXnUv8zh8kfw41BNLbxHct (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
QmRSw45XqCJA2z2BHu4FBksgkdQkrXTwCyq95vmxiyuhTg #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techrights
QmTadaC86nNPbZ1ya76xVoL6JiJu3ST4x1keTUDNSprQQ8 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈
§ Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾
Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmUUEWf3hsUuMVJFPVavJpe7kPpi5bCmXqN9PPz7qbVMEu
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 181
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-away-from-microsoft-windows/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-away-from-microsoft-windows/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Russia_Moving_Away_From_Microsoft_Windows_Faster_Than_the_World_in_General⠀✐
Posted in Asia, Europe, GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Windows at 6:52 am by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
Today_in_the_news:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇A_NEW_OPERATING_SYSTEM_HAS_BEEN_RELEASED_IN_RUSSIA!⦈_
Windows_around_the_world (still waning in dominance on desktops/laptops)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Windows_world_market⦈_
And_in_Russia since invading Ukraine:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Russian_market⦈_
Summary: Russia loves Windows only when its enemies use it (which makes
intrusion and sabotage a lot easier)
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣼⣹⣿⣧⣸⣘⣻⣜⣎⣼⣿⣛⣻⣨⣾⣘⣻⣨⣺⣸⣸⣿⣇⣇⣮⣸⣛⣹⣿⣚⣹⣆⣿⣊⣿⣸⣇⣛⣇⣤⣾⣿⣸⣿⣣⣎⣗⣋⣿⣟⣃⣇⣻⣟⣻⣰⣅⣿⣯⣕⣇⣻⣟⣻⣘⣟⣤⣻⣚⣹⣘⣿⣛⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢻⠻⣿⣿⢛⢻⢻⡟⡟⣛⡟⣛⡟⣿⡻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣼⣼⣼⣿⣴⣼⣮⣵⣯⣥⣯⣥⣧⣧⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻
⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡟⠡⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠁⢰⣶⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣄⣤⣠⣜⣟⣖⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠻⠊⠉⠀⠉⡉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡴⣖⢢⠰⣲⡦⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠻⠃⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣼⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣾⠏⠀⡙⢌⣷⡪⣞⡃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢫⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⡚⣫⠀⢸⡞⠃⢀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣈⣥⣭⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣶⣾⣾⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⣠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢛⣿⣧⣼⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡏⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣇⢠⣴⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠉⣿⠏⠳⡀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠝⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⣛⡭⠥⠤⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣻⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⢿
⣿⣿⠖⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠂⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⠹⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠤⠄⢤⣤⡤⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢒⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⢠⡴⠂⢸
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢉⡉⡉⣉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣀⣠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠠⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢫⢍⢩⢉⢉⣉⣉⣉⡙⢿⠋⢉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣜⣘⣘⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣼⣀⠉⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿
⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠈⠋⠁⠑⠃⠁⠋⠁⠀⠀⠈⢈⣘⣁⣁⣁⣈⣉⣀⣁⣁⣀⣒⣈⣃⣓⣈⣒⣐⣀⣈⣈⣈⣈⣑⣃⣈⣀⣀⣀⣂⣚⣈⣈⣁⣈⣀⣀⣈⣈⣀⣘⣚⣘⣀⣀⣀⣐⣂⣁⣈⣈⣀⣿
⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣮
⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿
⣿⡿⠿⢸⠐⠠⠐⡇⡱⠰⡷⠆⡷⠦⣿⡗⠿⢿⠰⢾⠐⢸⢰⠓⠊⠰⣿⢰⣾⡔⢰⣿⠬⢱⠋⡦⠒⠰⡑⠊⣷⣶⡆⣿⣷⠛⣾⠓⢸⢰⡇⡱⠐⢰⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣵⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡷⠍⣷⡆⡧⠄⢰⡆⠤⣿⣇⢹⢁⡷⠶⡇⣾⡇⠶⣧⢣⢃⢸⠰⢾⡠⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣟⡻⢿⠿⣿⡻⢛⣟⢻⡻⣿⣿⢛⡿⡟⢿⣟⢻⡻⣟⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⣦⣾⣥⣯⣼⣬⣮⣾⣼⣷⣾⣴⣷⣤⣽⣯⣾⣥⣵⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣀⣠⣨⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣍⣉⣉⣉⣉⣑⣈⣉⣉⣙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠫⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣌⣉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⠛⠛⠻⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⡿⠿⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⡟⠻⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠛⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣦⣤⣤⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠐⣶⡶⠂⠀⠀⢰⣶⠀⢰⠐⠂⠀⢀⠐⡀⠒⡀⠂⡀⠀⠀⢰⠀⡀⢂⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣉⣩⣙⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⠿⠿⢿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣶⣶⣶⢡⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣄⣐⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠌⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⡓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠢⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡙⠒⠒⠒⠒⠊⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣯⣉⣉⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⡀⢍⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⣠⣀⣀⣀⣠⢠⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⠄⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣠⣀⣀⣀⡀⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣍⣉⣉⣉⡉⢉⣉⣩⣉⣉⠉⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣍⣍⣉⡉⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣴⣿⣿⣿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠁⣠⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠋⢠⣾⣿⣿⡟⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠐⣼⣿⣿⣿⠏⢢⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⢤⣿⣿⣿⡿⠒⣼⣿⣿⣿⠃⢢⣿⣿⣿⣿⠑⢰⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⣢⣿⣿⣿⡿⢐⣴⣿⣿⣿⡏⢆⣾⣿⣿⣿⠓⣢⣿⣿⣿⡟⠒⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣅⣴⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣴⣿⣿⣿⣏⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣥⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣷⣬⣼⣤⣦⣧⣼⣿⣦⣵⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣬⣴⣼⣴⣤⣤⣿⣿⣬⣴⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣦⣿⣿⣶⣶⣴⣤⣦⣤⣆⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉
⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⢇⡧⠤⡧⢸⢀⢶⢾⠶⢾⠰⢎⣿⡸⠿⣸⠶⣸⠤⢼⣶⠠⢰⠰⢸⣴⣾⠐⢼⡷⠬⣡⢋⠤⢰⠰⡠⢼⢰⣶⡆⣿⢰⣉⣾⠣⢼⢰⡇⡰⡠⢴⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣛⣻⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⢛⢸⢿⣿⡿⢿⠿⡟⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣟⣛⡿⣿⠿⢩⡼⣿⠿⡯⢾⠻⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⢸⣿⣿⠦⣹⣾⢸⠨⢸⣾⡨⢼⣿⢨⡸⡸⢻⠬⡐⠍⡇⡫⢹⢰⣿⣿⣧⣼⡨⢼⠺⢸⡨⢼⢸⡩⣸⠸⣿⡸⢂⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣛⠿⡿⢿⣟⠛⡻⡛⣟⢻⣿⡟⣛⠿⠻⢿⣛⣟⣻⡛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣤⣯⣼⣥⣥⣵⣥⣥⣽⣷⣧⣶⣤⣬⣼⣥⣭⣭⣬⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣧⣤⣤⡭⠒⠒⠒⣒⣂⣀⣐⡒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠲⠶⢖⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡒⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡲⠶⠒⠒⠒⠢⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢒⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡲⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣬⣉⣉⡩⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⢪⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⡯⡉⠉⠃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⡿⠿⠿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⠟⠿⠹⠿⠻⠟⠻⠿⠻⠿⠻⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠋⠿⠟⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣷⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠰⢶⠖⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣂⣰⣐⣀⣂⣀⣀⣀⣂⣀⣂⣄⣀⣀⣰⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣇⣀⣀⡁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⢸⣿⣟⠛⡛⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 345
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
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Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/windows-vista-11/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Why_Windows_Vista_11_Still_Sucks⠀✐
Posted in Microsoft, Vista_10, Windows at 12:38 am by Guest Editorial Team
Reprinted with permission from Ryan
My mom’s church friend asked me how to put a widget on the taskbar, and I
didn’t know.
So today, I came across some terminology confusion.
Microsoft changed the Windows taskbar around again. More Titanic deck chair re-
positioning.
One of their unnecessary changes was the addition of a button called “Widgets”.
Unlike the Windows Vista Widgets, this one has nothing to do with desktop
Widgets.
It instead resides on the taskbar and pops up a bunch of spam from MSN.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vista_11_screenshot_1⦈_
Like Samsung and certain Web browsers, Microsoft has a bunch of
tasteless“robonews“.
They fired dozens of people who used to curate news for MSN and decided to have
a robot program do it instead. Not because the results will be better, but
because they don’t have to pay them.
They can set their browser and their operating system to shovel this trash into
the face of the user and lob in a ton of junk “articles” about credit cards and
mortgages, shopping, buying cars, etc. The news is peppered in almost as an
afterthought, and the whole thing is really very crowded.
When you have a captive audience, quality is not your main consideration.
My next hurdle. Windows 11 has made no improvements at all to the general
flakiness of Windows Update, which throws cryptic error numbers that don’t mean
anything and result in Web searches to no avail.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vista_11_screenshot_2⦈_
If you know what an Install Error 0x800f0922 is, please tell me.
And in case you’re wondering, Internet Explorer is what you see in the
background, because it’s still there. In fact, you can even make a new icon
that launches it and bypasses Microsoft Edge if you really want to.
I tried to run something called “DISM” in an “elevated command prompt” to
“restore health”, and the thing is stuck and so that’s nice. I probably just
broke Windows five minutes after installing it using a troubleshooting tool.
Well, as least nothing has changed except there’s a coat of paint on Windows
I’m running a Windows Update Troubleshooter right now.
Anyway, it doesn’t speak well of an operating system when you just installed
it, and already things are flaking out and all you were trying to do was
install some updates.
On GNU/Linux this has basically been a solved problem for decades. In fact, I
can’t recall the last time DNF got hosed in Fedora. I don’t even think there is
a troubleshooting wizard. But it’s worked so well that I wouldn’t know.
Windows Update Troubleshooter finished and gave me this:
IsPostback_RC_PendingUpdates
IsPostback: False
InformationalWaaSMedicService
Issue found by:
BinaryHealthPlugin;DynamicProtectionPlugin;AutomaticCorruptionRepairPlugin
InformationalIsPostback_RC_PendingUpdates
IsPostback: True
InformationalService Status
Problem with BITS service : The requested service has already been
started. System.Management.Automation.RemoteException More help is
available by typing NET HELPMSG 2182.
System.Management.Automation.RemoteException
InformationalService Status
Problem with BITS service : The requested service has already been
started. System.Management.Automation.RemoteException More help is
available by typing NET HELPMSG 2182.
System.Management.Automation.RemoteException
-Windows Update “Troubleshooter” (More questions than answers.)
To get Windows 11 installed at all, I_had_to_run_a_bypass_on_the_check_for
“Secure_Boot”,and“TPM_2.0”.
This turned out to be little more than opening RegEdit from a command prompt
before setup could proceed and adding some “DWORD” values I found online after
giving up on getting sw-tpm to work with GNOME Boxes.
After this, the “Your PC isn’t supported.” message with the Microsoft link
simply went away and setup resumed. It didn’t even put a watermark on the
desktop.
Basically, Microsoft only added this to make people go out and buy a new
computer, and it didn’t work. It just stymied Windows 11 instead, as people
continued using 10, switching to GNU/Linux, or buying a Chromebook or Mac, as
they have in a yearslong trend already.
I was actually disappointed to see that after taking extra time to bypass these
requirements, Windows 11 is such utter trash that they still haven’t even
bothered to actually remove Internet Explorer or fix the Windows Update
problems that have been around since Windows 8, where the whole thing just gets
jammed up and won’t tell you why.
“You need security updates, but you can’t install them. Why? So glad you asked.
0x800f0922is why. Not even Microsoft will tell you how you fix it. Go_look!”
It’s all a guess.
Is it really any wonder why there’s so many malware incidents on Windows given
that it’s so broken that probably many millions couldn’t install the security
patches if they wanted to? I don’t think that it is.
So I came across a list of nine things that “may” fix this, because nobody
really knows for sure, and I’m trying them all. First up is “Install .NET
Framework 3.5” because Windows Update might get jammed up without it. Well, if
that’s the case, why wouldn’t the OS come with it? So I told it to install.
Windows Update is getting that, but won’t install a security update from last
year? Interesting.
Well, Windows failed to do that too. The interesting thing about Windows 11 so
far is that the sound it makes when it informs you that it fails to do
something sounds phonetically similar to the word “boogaloo”. I’m sure that’s a
coincidence.
So I ran sfc /scannow and it said something about finding corrupt files and
repairing them.
Yeah, why wouldn’t an OS that’s been installed for like an hour be corrupt
already? It’s not like I’ve used Linux installs for ten years….oh wait I have.
So I rebooted and tried again and the update still wouldn’t install.
Finally, I find an obscure_part_of_Microsoft’s_Web_site that explains that this
last problem update is a Secure Boot dbx update, which is basically a
revocation list for bootloaders they don’t want to work anymore. In a normal
Windows install, Microsoft just reaches in and updated the dbx in the firmware.
It can only go forward, not backward, and the user isn’t really supposed to
know that it happens.
In fact, I turned Linux Vendor Firmware Service off on my Fedora (host OS)
install on my computer because I don’t want Microsoft reaching into my
firmware.
So I just wasted almost an hour trying to figure out a Windows Update problem
that gave no indication it was caused by being in a VM.
Of course the VM’s dbx can’t be updated. It’s a VM! It uses TianoCore to
simulate a uEFI firmware. I bypassed TPM and Secure Boot to get Windows 11
installed.
Anyway, this doesn’t excuse why you need multiple reboots to get everything
else installed, which is a problem I’ve seen on real Windows installs since
Windows 8 was around.
Windows should also tell you exactly what’s in a security update as part of a
description, and a plain English reason why it won’t install. Why is this so
difficult?
Microsoft has abused the “security update” process a number of times to sneak
in things that have nothing to do with security, and now they waste your time
if you use Windows as a VM Guest.
I got a pop-up talking about “carbon awareness” in Windows Update. They’ve
shifted the updates to take place overnight apparently. Considering that there
are so many broken updates for Windows that even Bleeping Computer never runs
out of topics, (including yet another broken Intel graphics driver the other
day), that means starting your morning with failed updates and glitches instead
of updating your computer manually every now and then when it would be more
convenient if something were to happen. Like I do.
And again, DNF in Fedora always works and I haven’t had any major complaints
with it lately.
Maybe once every 5 or 6 years I’ll get a visible bug after updating something,
but I never get a trashed computer that I can’t just, you know, go back to the
last working kernel for a while.
I feel like given 10 years to fix all of the problems in Windows 8, Microsoft
should have done something about Updates by now. But nooooooo.
There’s still bits and pieces of Windows XP and IE floating around in here.
Oh, you’ve been told it’s dead, dead, dead, but nope.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vista_11_screenshot_3⦈_
Internet Explorer Mode in Edge is the default way to get at stubborn old pages
that only work in IE.
But the entire Internet Explorer browser is in there, and you can even make a
working link to it again with a little doing. (Microsoft has it rigged so that
iexplore.exe usually loads Edge, but there are command switches that make it
load IE instead).
Again, this is the latest version of Windows 11. There’s Internet Explorer.
Microsoft fixes some security bugs and makes sure HTTPS doesn’t quit working,
but other than that, it’s been rotting for years.
Ironically, the one reason I kept Windows 10 in a VM (until today) was that I
needed IE to access one corporate Intranet site and the company in question is
one of the ten largest in America.
There’s not a heck of a lot that really stands out about Windows 11 as far as
what’s changed since Windows 10. It looks a little different, but that’s about
all.
A slight visual refresh to make it look more like a Chromebook, on top of the
rotting guts of Windows. Mmmmmm. And to make things even better, it demands at
least twice as much RAM and the installer is about twice as large (so it
managed to get fatter too).
There’s not a lot of stuff here to differentiate it from its “predecessor”.
Honestly, this is even less of an update to Windows 10 than Windows Me was to
Windows 98.
In Windows Me, there was at least an argument that Windows needed a refresh to
handle new devices like digital cameras and some overhauled system tools.
Windows 11 is pretty much Windows 10 with rounded corners.
Especially considering that Microsoft backported almost everything to Windows
10, I’m actually not amused with everything I had to bypass just to get it into
a virtual machine. When I tried installing it into VirtualBox (a different VM),
it simply managed to cause my display manager to crash, kicking me out to the
GNOME login screen. I tried a few more times but it never even managed to boot
into the setup program like Windows 10 did, despite Oracle claiming VirtualBox
7 was Windows 11 compatible.
I’ve used a lot of operating systems, including some weird ones.
Quite frankly, Windows does not impress me because it doesn’t seem like a
product that a software company on the S&P 500 should release, and I can’t for
the life of me figure out why users spend hours trying to figure it out and
hundreds of dollars taking their computer to repair shops and cleaning up after
malware attacks just to avoid learning GNU/Linux or at least getting a
Chromebook, which even on a bad day, works and takes care of itself in the
background.
It’s 2023 everywhere but Microsoft.
Every once in a while I like fooling around with the latest Windows because
when you close the VM and go back to Fedora and Brave, it makes you appreciate
what you have. █
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⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠙⠙⠋⠛⠙⠛⠙⣋⠀⠉⠊⠙⠑⠙⠋⠛⠙⠈⠑⠛⠈⠓⠉⠋⠘⠑⠋⠐⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠄⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠄⢀⡀⡀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⡿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣐⢲⣼⡿⣷⠂⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢿⡿⣿⣿⡥⢄⠀⠰⠀⡠⠔⡈⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠐⠢⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣷⡖⢺⣿⣽⣻⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⢀⠀⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠉⢻⣿⣟⣛⡲⡸⠊⠀⠀⢃⠀⢀⠐⠄⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢈⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⢲⣴⣾⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠛⠀⢸⣿⣪⡴⡟⠀⠀⠠⡤⢸⠀⣀⢀⣠⣐⡀⢠⠈⠁⠉⠀⠈⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠘⠋⢹⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠞⠀⠿⡟⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⡀⠙⠷⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠁⢰⠀⠀⢢⠈⠂⡜⣊⣠⣿⣿⣿⠘⠂⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢘⣛⣛⣏⡁⠁⠀⠀⣀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣥⣠⡾⠀⢀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣏⣉⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠈⡨⢫⡺⢭⣻⣏⣸⠟⡂⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⢿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⢘⣩⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠾⠿⠋⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣯⣉⢹⣿⣠⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠘⠱⡽⠛⠛⣡⠤⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢠⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣶⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⠈⢿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⢀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠟⠛⠉⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⠿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢻⣿⠿⡻⣻⡟⢿⢻⣿⡟⣿⠻⢿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠿⠟⣟⣟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣟⠿⣿⢿⢻⣿⢿⢻⣿⠿⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⡟⣿⠟⡿⢻⢻⡿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣡⣧⣼⣯⣿⣬⣯⣿⣷⣦⣼⣼⣿⣿⣧⣬⣯⣿⣭⣼⣮⣼⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣵⣭⣥⣷⣽⣧⣤⣼⣮⣯⣮⣤⣵⣽⣧⣧⣿⣿⣥⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣯⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣋⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡶⠶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣉⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠤⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢰⣖⡲⡄⠂⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⡀⢀⠠⠞⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⣱⠂⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⣻⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣤⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡜⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣐⣒⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣠⣤⣠⣄⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⡿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠔⣿⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣛⣛⠛⠓⠊⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⡎⠁⠑⠤⣄⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢑⠦⣾⠟⠋⠋⠁⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣤⣈⢹⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣁⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣾⣯⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⣟⠿⣻⡻⢻⢻⢻⣻⡟⣿⢻⠻⠉⣿⡟⣿⡻⡻⢿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠻⣿⡟⠿⠿⣿⡻⠿⣿⢿⡟⠿⡿⠿⢿⠻⠿⣿⡟⢻⡟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡯⣽⣿⣾⣾⣾⣷⠷⣿⡿⣾⣶⣾⢷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⢾⠾⣶⣾⡶⣿⡷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⢿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⢿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣦⣥⣾⣿⣧⣌⣿⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣼⣼⣿⣤⣾⣯⣶⣽⣼⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣤⣤⣽⣿⣴⣼⣧⣬⣶⣽⣤⣿⣤⣧⣤⣏⣿⣧⣼⣴⣦⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣉⣙⣽⣽⣍⢙⣽⣍⣫⣯⣿⣳⣈⣩⣩⣿⣉⣨⣯⣉⣉⣽⣩⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣧⣽⣿⣿⣽⣿⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣾⣯⣽⣿⣿⣮⣾⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢋⣁⠀⠀⠉⠽⠰⠆⠶⠶⡀⠈⠼⠀⠶⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠤⡄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠄⠀⠄⠀⠀⠄⡀⠄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠈⠁⠫⠼⣃⠀⠈⠀⠀⢁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠠⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠙⢉⠀⠀⠀⠩⢃⠡⠤⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢡⡾⠓⠠⠀⠇⠃⠀⠖⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠑⣿⣆⡀⠈⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⡀⠂⠀⠉⠋⢁⠀⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡤⣷⡵⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠲⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣓⣁⣈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠓⣈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣁⣀⣈⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣈⣉⣉⣁⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣚⣽⣿⣿⣏⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠿⢿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠟⠻⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡌⣁⡆⣿⣻⣿⡛⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⣿⣽⡇⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾
⠁⠁⠀⣿⠿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢿
⡖⠒⠂⣯⠀⠀⠀⢈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠽⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣦⣮⣾⣦⣥⣬⣯⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡷⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀
⣿⣿⠀⣿⣦⣤⣤⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣷⢐⢲⠓⠒⠚⡓⢻⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⣿⣟⡛⣿⢛⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣇⣠⣿⡧⠤⡤⠤⠤⢤⠤⠤⡤⡼⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⡇⢘⣿⠧⠬⢯⡥⠭⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣐⣛⣋⣼⣿⣯⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣬⣬⣤⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⣏⣹⣯⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⡏⢹⣟⣛⣛⣛⣟⣟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠤⠼⢼⡬⢯⠯⡼⠯⡭⠭⡿⠵⠬⢭⣿⣷⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⢰⣶⣶⠎⠀⠔⠩⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⢿⠟⠽⠀⠨⠤⠄⢭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣇⠀⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣋⣙⣉⣙⣛⣟⣏⣛⣛⣟⣿⣛⣛⣛⣏⣏⣉⣟⣻⣙⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣒⣲⣓⣲⣒⣓⣒⣒⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀⣠⣴⣶⣗⣺⣒⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⣧⣼⣷⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣤⣬⣿⣿⣗⣰⣒⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⣏⣹⣯⣉⣙⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⡗⠢⠂⠳⠒⠒⢲⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⡟⢹⣟⣛⣛⣟⡛⣛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡇⢹⠟⡛⢟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⡿⢻⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⣄⣠⣔⣒⣒⣒⣚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢐⣲⣒⣒⣒⣲⣶⣶⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⣯⣽⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⢟⡛⠟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⣧⣼⣷⣭⣭⣧⣯⣭⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⣌⣡⣖⣒⣒⣒⣒⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⣿⣏⣹⣏⣙⣙⣛⣉⣋⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣗⣒⣒⣒⣓⣒⣒⣻⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⢸⣷⣤⣤⡤⠤⠄⠤⠠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⣾⠓⠚⠲⠒⠒⠒⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣇⣸⣿⣀⣀⣤⣬⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾
⣏⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣟⣭⣭⣿⣿⣏⣹⣿⣑⣸⣿⣚⣿⣇⣈⣿⣁⣸⣿⣀⣿⣇⣀⣿⡉⣹⣿⡠⣹⣏⢀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣷⣺⣭⣿⣛⣒⣓⣺⣩⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣔⣓⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣆⣙⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿
⣷⣖⣐⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⢼⠤⢼⣿⠛⡽⣽⣟⣿⢻⢸⣿⡟⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠁⠘⠀⠄⠀⢤⡬⢤⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡀⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠈⠀⠃⠰⠆⠐⣎⣿⣾⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣟⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡄⠈⠀⠖⠠⠄⠻⠿⠟⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣓⣟⣟⣟⣓⣓⣿⣺⣻⣺⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠐⠛⠛⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠓⠒⠐⠛⠀⣤⣄⡤⢄⠀⢀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣛⣟⣟⣛⣻⢟⣻⣟⣻⣟⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠄⣖⠹⠞⠛⠋⠁⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣭⣭⣯⣯⣿⣽⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣟⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣻⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⢟⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣟⣿⢯⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣭⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣬⣯⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠟⠛⠒⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣻⣿⣗⣻⣿⣛⣿⣯⣛⣿⣏⣹⣿⣶⣺⣇⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 787
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_14/02/2023:_Chimera_Linux_and_Mozilla_Firefox_110⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 11:19 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Instructionals/Technical
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o BSD
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
# Mozilla
o Programming/Development
* Leftovers
o Science
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary
o Security
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Monopolies
# Trademarks
# Copyrights
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal
o Technical
# Internet/Gemini
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Make_Linux_safer…_or_die_trying⠀⇛
Some Linux veterans are irritated by some of the new
tech: Snap, Flatpak, Btrfs, ZFS, and so forth. Doesn’t
the old stuff work? Well, yes, it does – but not well
enough.
Why is Canonical pushing Snap so hard? Does Red Hat
really need all these different versions of Fedora? Why
are some distros experimenting with ZFS if its licence is
incompatible with the GPL? Is the already bewildering
array of packaging tools and file systems not enough?
No, they aren’t. There are good justifications for all
these efforts, and the reasons are simple and fairly
clear. The snag is that the motivations behind some of
them are connected with certain companies’ histories,
attitudes, and ways of doing business. If you don’t know
their histories, the reasoning that led to major
technological decisions is often obscure or even
invisible.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ Our_current_plague_of_revolving
.top_and_.click_spam_email_domains⠀⇛
Email spam is somewhat like the weather, and much
like the weather I don’t talk about it much any
more. However, every so often something unusually
unpleasant happens (in both of them). Our current
irritation in spam weather is what I suspect is one
particular spammer that operates using a rapidly
changing flux of spam domains in .top, .click, and
on some days .us, using a distinctive (but not
really machine matchable) pattern of tagged
envelope senders.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Spotted_in_the_wild:_Chimera_–_a_Linux_that
isn’t_GNU/Linux⠀⇛
Chimera Linux is an existence proof that this is not a
hard requirement: it avoids all of these. Chimera is
compiled with LLVM, uses the same musl C library and
packaging tools as the lightweight Alpine Linux distro,
the new Dinit init system, and much of the rest of the
userland is drawn from the current version of FreeBSD. If
things go according to plan, Kolesa hopes to release the
first alpha version around the same time as the planned
FreeBSD version 13.2, so that he can rebase on that
version of the underlying tools.
Kolesa’s talk is recommended, but be warned, it’s very
technical. For a quick overview, you can read his
presentation (PDF).
o § BSD⠀➾
# ⚓ Undeadly ☛ Tunneling_vxlan(4)_over_WireGuard_wg(4)⠀⇛
I struggled to find much more info than Reyk’s talk
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufeEP_hzFN0) and
the man pages so thought it would be useful to
document.
# ⚓ [Old] Robert Turner ☛ VXLAN_over_WireGuard⠀⇛
So it’s a way to stretch a Layer 2 network between
data centers and sites. This is great but what if
you don’t have a leased line between sites or an
existing VPN, can we bundle it all into one config/
pair of devices. A VXLAN server at Site A and a
VXLAN Client at Site B, with Site A having the
network you’d like to extend into Site B: [...]
# ⚓ Undeadly ☛ Using_/bin/eject_with_USB_flash_drives⠀⇛
Following a wide-ranging thread on misc@ with the
subject Safely remove USB drive, Crystal Kolipe
wrote an article about how OpenBSD handles
removable media, centered around the eject(1)
command, also known as mt(1).
# ⚓ Exotic Silicon ☛ Implementing_the_MTRETEN_ioctl_on_sd
devices⠀⇛
Today we’ve seen how to implement the basic
functionality required to make the eject -t command
work on usb flash drives.
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Taking_education_upstream_with_Red_Hat
Academy⠀⇛
Education is the foundation of development and at
Red Hat, with our open source principles, we
believe in taking education upstream – Red Hat
Academy (RHA) does just that. In 2022, Red Hat
worked with over 500 academic partners across EMEA,
strengthening its presence in over 60 countries. In
one year, we helped train over 7,500 students on
Red Hat technologies and delivered more than 30
academic events.
We’re not alone in providing corporate-led
learning, so what sets us apart? Why should
educators choose to work with Red Hat? Well, we
have set our eyes on becoming the world’s number
one hybrid cloud partner, as Gartner predicts that
over half of all enterprises globally will be using
cloud platforms by 2027, and that percentage is set
to rise.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ What_are_RHEL_in-place_upgrades?⠀⇛
When Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) customers want
to update their application stack, get the newest
security updates or are nearing the end of a RHEL
life cycle (such as RHEL 7, which will reach end of
maintenance on 30 June 2024), they usually want to
get to the newest release. This post is the first
of a series of articles about RHEL upgrades that we
hope will help you plan for future upgrades. We’ll
begin by taking a look at RHEL in-place upgrades.
Historically, upgrades required a fresh
installation of the operating system coupled with
redeploying all application stacks, databases and
configurations. In-place upgrades solve this hassle
while preserving existing customer workflows. Let’s
first take a look at where in-place upgrades are
the right choice for businesses in comparison to
performing a fresh installation.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ What’s_new_in_the_web_console_in_RHEL
9.1_and_8.7⠀⇛
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) web console is
a simplified web-based management tool that lets
you manage many aspects of RHEL more efficiently.
For more information on the web console and how to
get started with it, refer to the Managing systems
using the RHEL 9 web console documentation.
RHEL versions 9.1 and 8.7 were released in November
2022, and included a number of new features and
enhancements related to the web console that will
be highlighted in this blog:
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Canonical_Announces_General_Availability_of
Real-Time_Ubuntu_Kernel⠀⇛
Ubuntu maker Canonical today announced the general
availability of an enterprise-grade real-time
Ubuntu kernel for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS systems to
provide enterprises with end-to-end security and
reliability for their time-bound workloads.
Designed for enterprises in aerospace, automotive,
defense, IoT, robotics, and telcos, as well as the
public sector and retail, the real-time Ubuntu
kernel promises to handle the most demanding and
critical workloads, or time-sensitive applications
by reducing kernel latencies and boosting
performance.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ KiCad_7.0.0_Is_Here,_Brings_Trove_Of
Improvements⠀⇛
Yesterday, the KiCad team has released KiCad 7.0.0
– a surprise for those of us who have only gotten
used to the wonders of KiCad 6, and it’s
undoubtedly a welcome one! Some of these features,
you might’ve seen mentioned in the KiCad 2022 end-
of-year recap, and now, we get to play with them in
a more stable configuration. There’s a trove of
features and fixes for all levels of KiCad users,
beginners, hobbyists and professionals alike –
let’s start with some that everyone can appreciate!
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ An_Open_Hardware_Eurorack_Compatible_Audio_FPGA
Front_End⠀⇛
[Sebastian Holzapfel] has designed an audio
frontend (eurorack-pmod) for FPGA-based audio
applications, which is designed to fit into a
standard Eurorack enclosure. The project, released
under CERN Open-Hardware License V2, is designed in
KiCAD using the AK4619VN four-channel audio codec
by Asahi Kasei microdevices. (and guess what folks,
there’s plenty of those in stock!)
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Future Publishing Limited ☛ A_key_Google_Maps_bug_fix_has
just_arrived_for_Android_Auto_|_T3⠀⇛
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ This_is_the_first_Android_smartphone_with
Dynamic_Island⠀⇛
# ⚓ Sportskeeda ☛ The_5_best_battle_royale_games_for_Android_in
2023⠀⇛
# ⚓ Motorola_Android_13_update_rolling_out_in_April_for_Edge_20
Pro⠀⇛
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_Android_14_Will_Let_You_Clone_Apps_to
Make_It_Easier_to_Manage_Multiple_Accounts⠀⇛
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ Here’s_How_You_Can_Play_PlayStation_Vita_Games
on_Android_–_Gizchina.com⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Mozilla_Firefox_110_Is_Now_Available_for
Download,_Here’s_What’s_New⠀⇛
Firefox 110 entered beta testing in mid-
January, shortly after the release of Firefox
109, but now the final release is here if you
want to enjoy the new features and
improvements, starting with the ability to
import data from Opera, Opera GX, and Vivaldi
web browsers on Linux systems.
That’s right, Firefox on Linux only allowed
users to import data from Chrome/Chromium
browsers, but starting with this release
you’ll also be able to import bookmarks,
cookies, history, and passwords from Opera or
Vivaldi.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Create_a_modern_user_interface_with_the
Tkinter_Python_library⠀⇛
Python’s Tkinter library isn’t exactly known for
its good looks. I’ve developed a library to help
create a modern graphical user interface for
Python.
I spent a lot of time searching for a simple but
modern GUI toolkit before developing a new library
called TKVue that creates graphical interfaces for
desktop applications. Through my research, I
realized that there were several different
libraries to create graphical interfaces. However,
most involve adding new dependencies to bind with
graphical libraries. For example, there’s a library
for Qt, another for wxWidgets, and a third for GTK.
None are native to Python or entirely coded in
Python. That’s a problem. If you want to code a GUI
with Qt, it’s necessary to compile the Qt source
code on each platform you want to support. I wanted
to target the three leading platforms: Linux,
Windows, and Mac.
The big advantage of Tkinter is that it’s embedded
in Python. There’s no need for new dependencies or
to compile new libraries. Everything’s already done
for you.
In short, it is best to use Tkinter to create
something portable.
# ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Lua_loops:_how_to_use_while_and_repeat
until⠀⇛
Control structures are an important feature of
programming languages because they enable you to
direct the flow of the program based on conditions
that are often established dynamically as the
program is running. Different languages provide
different controls, and in Lua there’s the while
loop, for loop, and repeat until loop. This article
covers the while and repeat until loops. Because of
their flexibility, I cover for loops in a separate
article.
A condition is defined by an expression using an
operator, which is a fancy term for symbols you may
recognize from math classes. Valid operators in Lua
are:
Those are known as relational operators because
they prompt an investigation of how two values
relate to one another. There are also logical
operators, which mean the same as they mean in
English and can be incorporated into conditions to
further describe the state you want to check for:
Here are some example conditions: [...]
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Crisis_on_Top_of_a_Crisis”:_Syrians_Displaced_by
War_Now_Dealing_with_Earthquake_Devastation⠀⇛
We get an update from Damascus, Syria, on last week’s
devastating earthquakes, as the United Nations warns the
death toll in Turkey and northwest Syria will top at
least 50,000. The U.N. also says the earthquake rescue
phase is “coming to a close” and that efforts are
expected to turn to providing shelter, food and care to
survivors. Millions have been left homeless by the deadly
quakes that struck the region, which includes the Syrian
city of Aleppo, last week. Syrian refugees who were
displaced by the war in Syria that began 12 years ago now
face a compounded humanitarian crisis. The situation is a
“crisis on top of a crisis,” says Emma Forster, Syria
policy and communications manager for the Norwegian
Refugee Council.
o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ U.N._Rapporteur:_Lift_Sanctions_on_Syria_to_Help
People_Rebuild_After_War_&_Devastating_Earthquakes⠀⇛
We speak with human rights expert Alena Douhan, a United
Nations special rapporteur and one of several U.N.
experts calling for the lifting of economic and financial
sanctions against Syria in order to aid recovery efforts
following last week’s devastating earthquakes. “The
people of Syria are currently deprived of any possibility
to rebuild their country, and their country needed
reconstruction before the earthquake,” says Douhan.
o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ UN_Warns_Earthquake_Deaths_Could_Top_50,000_Amid
Urgent_Calls_for_Aid⠀⇛
o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Letter_to_an_Old_Poet⠀⇛
I feel almost ashamed to say that it’s taken all these
years to finally get around to reading Rainer Maria Rilke
in earnest. As an undergraduate, decades ago, I heard all
kinds of great things about his masterful idiosyncratic
expressiveness that toyed and purloined the heart. He was
said to be not only the cat’s meow among poets, but the
rose’s attar stirring up the suspirations of the inner
cathedral of the lonely, seeing mind.
But in my circle at that time were two personages who,
though pretentious and vaguely narcissistic, were
nevertheless quite agreeable romantics to be around.
Jeffrey, chief poet and editor of the student literary
magazine, and Tom, a Nietzschean with an open marriage
that seemed all looky-no-touchy. (Or was that just my
experience?). Jeffrey liked cocaine and would pull out a
tiny shovel in the middle of a meeting and go to work
sniffing snow out of a baggie in his sports coat. Nobody
understood his poetry, which seemed, at times, like a
confluence of Elizabeth Bishop and his beloved Rilke. But
he got laid a lot. And Tom was like the prodigy genius
Mozart presented to us in the film, Amadeus, loose with
the lyricism and love gun. Tom and his genius wife moved
to Germany shortly after graduation. He was Nietzschean,
it’s true, but he had a thing for Wagner as well. And
Rilke’s Orpheus, not Young Werther, was his hero. Go
forth and sally, was his motto, if sallying is your fate.
o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Lift_Sanctions_Against_Syria_to_Lessen_Sufferings
of_the_People_Caused_By_The_Earthquake⠀⇛
The International Movement for a Just World (JUST) urges
the American, British, Australian, Canadian, Swiss and
some European Union and Arab League governments to lift
the unjust, immoral sanctions against Syria in order to
lessen the immense sufferings of the people caused by the
massive earthquake of 6th February 2023.
A number of local groups including the Syrian Red
Crescent Society have already made this call. Among
individuals and groups at the international level who
also want sanctions lifted is Helga Zepp LaRouche of the
Schiller Institute. It is reported that the US and EU
have suspended temporarily their sanctions. But this is
not enough because it means that they can be re-imposed
at any time. If sanctions have to be terminated once and
for all, it is because there were no justifications for
them in the first instance.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ How_To_Roll_Your_Own_Custom_Object_Detection
Neural_Network⠀⇛
Real-time object detection, which uses neural
networks and deep learning to rapidly identify and
tag objects of interest in a video feed, is a handy
feature with great hacker potential. Happily, it’s
also possible to make customized CNNs
(convolutional neural networks) tailored for one’s
own needs, and that process just got easier thanks
to some new documentation for the Vizy “AI camera”
by Charmed Labs.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Stadia_Controller’s_Two_Extra_Buttons_Get_Seen
With_WebHID⠀⇛
The Google Stadia game streaming service relied on
a proprietary controller. It was a pretty neat
piece of hardware that unfortunately looked
destined for landfills when Google announced that
Stadia would discontinue. Thankfully it’s possible
to use them as normal gamepads, and related to
that, [Thomas Steiner] has a developer blog post
about how to talk to the Stadia controller via
WebHID.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Hundreds_of_Thousands_March_in_Madrid_to
‘Defend_Health_Service’_From_Privatization⠀⇛
Madrid residents on Sunday marched to protest the
right-wing regional government’s attacks on the
public healthcare system, with hundreds of
thousands of participants showing that concern over
the shredding of the public sector is growing.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘I_Don’t_Want_to_Take_My_Kids_Back_to
That’:_Ohio_Residents_Fear_Toxic_Aftermath_of_Train_Crash⠀⇛
Residents of East Palestine, Ohio are voicing alarm
and mistrust of officials after a 150-car train
carrying hazardous materials—including vinyl
chloride—crashed in their small town, prompting
emergency evacuations and a “controlled release” of
chemicals into the air to prevent a catastrophic
explosion.
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Ohio_Residents_Fear_Returning_Home_in_Toxic
Aftermath_of_Train_Crash⠀⇛
# ⚓ NBC ☛ CDC_says_teen_girls_are_caught_in_an_extreme_wave_of
sadness_and_violence⠀⇛
The survey, which has been conducted every other
year for three decades, includes responses from
17,232 U.S. high school students.
# ⚓ La Prensa Latina ☛ CDC_says_teen_girls_report_record_levels
of_violence,_suicide_risk⠀⇛
Results from the CDC’s 2021 Youth Risk Behavior
Survey showed startling trends. Nearly three in
five teen girls (57%) stated they felt
“persistently sad or hopeless”. That is the highest
rate in a decade. And 30% said they have seriously
considered dying by suicide — a percentage that’s
risen by nearly 60% over the past 10 years.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Nausea,_Wobbling,_Confusion:_Dogs_Are
Getting_Sick_From_Discarded_Weed⠀⇛
In places where recreational use is legal, dogs are
getting sick from eating the remains of joints and
other cannabis products, veterinarians and poison-
control centers say.
# ⚓ NPR ☛ How_ancient_seeds_from_the_Fertile_Crescent_could
help_save_us_from_climate_change⠀⇛
“What we are collecting is a sample of the
diversity that we have in nature,” says Mariana
Yazbek, who manages the gene bank. Yazbek calls the
center an “insurance policy” for humanity — it
saves seeds in case nuclear war or other
catastrophic events should wipe out plant species.
o § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ India Times ☛ Twitter’s_plan_to_charge_for_crucial_tool
prompts_outcry⠀⇛
Nonprofits, researchers and others need the tool,
known as the API, or Application Programming
Interface, to analyse Twitter data because the
sheer amount of information makes it impossible for
a human to go through by hand.
# ⚓ ABC ☛ Twitter’s_plan_to_charge_for_crucial_tool_prompts
outcry⠀⇛
The new fees are just the latest complication for
programmers, academics and others trying to use the
API — and they say communicating with anyone at the
company has become essentially impossible since
Elon Musk took over.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ The_CryptMaster_2001_Provides_Basic_Lessons_In
Cryptography⠀⇛
Sending secret messages to your friends is fun, but
today it’s so simple that you don’t even notice it
anymore: practically any serious messaging system
features encryption of some sort. To teach his kids
about cryptography, [Michal Zalewski] therefore
decided to bring the topic to life by building a
handheld encryption system, called the CryptMaster
2001.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ There_Is_No_‘Going_Dark:’_Dutch_Law_Enforcement
Spent_Months_Intercepting,_Reading_Encrypted_Messages⠀⇛
To hear consecutive FBI directors tell it, unless
legislators are willing to mandate encryption
backdoors, the criminals (including terrorists!)
will win. That’s the only option — at least
according to Jim Comey and Chris Wray — given that
the FBI, with its billions in funding and wealth of
brainpower, is apparently unable to decrypt files
and devices simply by waving a warrant at them.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Digital First Media ☛ Matt_Weiss_fired_for
‘inappropriately’_accessing_computer_accounts,_UM
alleges⠀⇛
A UM police log indicated on Jan. 5 that an
employee reported “fraudulent activity”
involving someone accessing university email
accounts. “It was found that a crime may have
been committed,” the log reads.
The alleged computer crimes, however,
happened days earlier, according to a
statement The News received from UM Deputy
Police Chief Crystal James on Jan. 17. James
indicated the UM Police Department was
investigating “computer access crimes that
occurred at Schembechler Hall during Dec. 21
through the 23rd of 2022.”
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ From_National_Secrecy_to_World
Security:_Friendship_Sets_Us_Free⠀⇛
Classified documents, top secret files, spy
balloons, clandestine surveillance. What kind
of world are we living in where we hide
information about and from each other, spying
to get the upper hand? Why do leaders and
legislators feel compelled to keep government
secrets from the public?
In the current political system of
independent, sovereign states, national
governments seek to exact a competitive edge
over perceived rivals by hiding information,
spying, and governing secretively. Day-to-day
governance becomes a zero-sum game.
Governmental success comes at the expense of
human interdependence, turning our fellow
humans into foes rather than friends.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Drifting_sea_mine_explodes_off_Georgia’s_Black_Sea
coast_near_Batumi_—_Meduza⠀⇛
A drifting sea mine exploded 25 meters away from
the beach in Batumi, a coastal city in the Republic
of Georgia. Georgia’s Interior Ministry has
confirmed the explosion. A local TV channel reports
that no one was injured by the blast.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Maia_Sandu_seconds_Zelensky,_warning_of_Kremlin
plans_to_overthrow_Moldova_government_—_Meduza⠀⇛
President Maia Sandu has confirmed Volodymyr
Zelensky’s information about Moscow’s plans to
overthrow the government of Moldova.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ That_extra-heavy_load_Instead_of_flying,_Vladimir
Putin_prefers_to_travel_around_Russia_by_armored_train_
(allegedly_for_fear_of_Ukrainian_attack)_—_Meduza⠀⇛
More and more often, Vladimir Putin opts to travel
by armored train instead of flying. First delivered
around 2014–2015, his customized express train has
been in regular use since 2021, when the Russian
military buildup on the Ukrainian border alerted
the world to a possible full-scale invasion. Meduza
is summarizing what Dossier Center (Mikhail
Khodorkovsky’s investigative journalism project)
found out about Putin’s now preferred mode of
travel, and who controls the elaborate logistics of
transporting the president.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Record_number_of_Russians_changed_passport_gender
markers_in_2022_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Data published by Russia’s Interior Ministry
indicates that a record number of Russians received
new passports with updated gender markers in 2022,
the independent outlet Mediazona reported on
Monday.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Control_Guns⠀⇛
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Tanks_for_Nothing:_On_What_Can’t_Be_Won_on
the_Ukraine_Battlefield⠀⇛
“To defend civilization, defeat Russia.” Writing in
the unfailingly bellicose Atlantic, an American
academic of my acquaintance recently issued that
dramatic call to arms. And lest there be any
confusion about the stakes involved, the image
accompanying his essay depicted Russian President
Vladimir Putin with a Hitler mustache and haircut.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Tanks_for_Nothing:_Is_Civilization_Really
at_Stake_in_Ukraine?⠀⇛
“To defend civilization, defeat Russia.” Writing in
the unfailingly bellicose Atlantic, an American
academic of my acquaintance recently issued that
dramatic call to arms. And lest there be any
confusion about the stakes involved, the image
accompanying his essay depicted Russian President
Vladimir Putin with a Hitler mustache and haircut.
Cast Putin as the latest manifestation of the
Führer and the resurrection of Winston Churchill
can’t be far behind. And, lo, more than a few
observers have already begun depicting Ukrainian
President Volodymyr Zelensky as the latest
reincarnation of America’s favorite British prime
minister.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Tanks_for_Nuttin’⠀⇛
Is Civilization at Stake in Ukraine?
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ Crew_Temporarily_Blinded_by_Chinese_Laser,
Philippines_Says⠀⇛
Other countries have also accused China of the same
thing.
# ⚓ Digital First Media ☛ Everything_we_know_about_the
unidentified_object_shot_down_over_Lake_Huron⠀⇛
The object had passed over Wisconsin, Lake Michigan
and the Upper Peninsula before it was shot down
about 15 nautical miles east of the U.P. in Lake
Huron, Pentagon officials said Sunday night. Once
hit, they said, the object drifted and likely
landed in Canadian waters in the lake, where the
Coast Guard and others are working to recover it.
# ⚓ Reuters ☛ United_States_tells_citizens:_Leave_Russia
immediately⠀⇛
“U.S. citizens residing or travelling in Russia
should depart immediately,” the U.S. embassy in
Moscow said. “Exercise increased caution due to the
risk of wrongful detentions.”
“Do not travel to Russia,” it added
# ⚓ NPR ☛ The_U.S._is_urging_Americans_to_leave_Russia
‘immediately’_due_to_security_risks⠀⇛
The U.S. Embassy in Moscow warned of the
“unpredictable consequences” of the war in Ukraine,
and said dual U.S.-Russian citizens in particular
risked being forcibly conscripted into Russia’s
armed forces.
# ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ ‘Russia_isn’t_‘adopting’_Ukraine’s
children_–_they_are_being_kidnapped’⠀⇛
The state-backed child abductions have been
denounced as a crime against humanity, amid fears
that many may never see Ukraine again. Yet it has
also shed an unflattering light on Ukraine’s
orphanage system itself – a legacy of Soviet rule
that Ukraine’s First Lady, Olena Zelenska, has
vowed to end. Her new charity, the Olena Zelenska
Foundation, is backing a policy of
“deinstitutionalisation”, phasing out orphanages in
favour of foster care instead.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ How_Spin_and_Lies_Fuel_a_Bloody_War_of
Attrition_in_Ukraine⠀⇛
In a recent column, military analyst William Astore
wrote, “[Congressman] George Santos is a symptom of
a much larger disease: a lack of honor, a lack of
shame, in America. Honor, truth, integrity, simply
don’t seem to matter, or matter much, in America
today… But how do you have a democracy where there
is no truth?”
# ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Military_Justice_Reforms_Still_Leave_Some
Criminal_Cases_to_Commanders_With_No_Legal_Expertise⠀⇛
More than a year has passed since Congress adopted
reforms that promised to overhaul the U.S. military
justice system. Lawmakers stripped military
commanders of their authority to prosecute certain
serious cases but allowed them to maintain control
over other alleged crimes.
However, the reforms, which will not go into effect
until the end of this year, may have created
additional challenges, military experts said.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Cuba_is_Not_a_State-Sponsor_of_Terrorism⠀⇛
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Mexican_President_Vows_Global_Push_to_End
‘Inhumane’_US_Embargo_of_Cuba⠀⇛
Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador vowed
over the weekend to lead a worldwide movement to
end the 61-year U.S. embargo of Cuba.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Sovereign_Cuba,_125_Years_Later⠀⇛
This February 15 marks the 125th anniversary of the
explosion that destroyed the battleship USS
Maine in Havana harbor in 1898, touching off the
Spanish-American War. Victory over Spain, achieved
in just five months, brought to fruition a US
ambition stretching back a century—dominion over
Cuba. That dominion lasted half a century until
Fidel Castro abruptly ended it in 1959, but it left
an indelible mark on the psyche of Washington
policy-makers—the idea that Cuba is not truly a
sovereign nation but rightfully belongs to the
United States.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ China_Through_German_Eyes⠀⇛
When domineering empires change, it is never easy
for those believing in an empire. Just ask the
Roman imperialists and Monty Python’s “what have
they ever done for us?” Today, many see China’s
rise in such a way. Meanwhile, others in the West
may want to make Taiwan the next Ukraine.
Yet, there is a certain mystery in dealing with
China, including the recent hot air balloon
incident. In any case, anti-China sentiments are
stretching from a balloon to Taiwan to China’s
Coronavirus strategy. First, China’s Coronavirus
strategy was too harsh and now it is too soft.
China cannot get it right for the West and for
those eager to bash it.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ A_Month’s_Notice:_Why_Burkina_Faso_Ordered
French_Troops_out_of_the_Country⠀⇛
Though it was clear that Burkina Faso was
eventually going to follow in the footsteps of Mali
and the Central African Republic (CAR),
Ouagadougou’s decision to break military ties with
France was not as simple as media sound bites want
us to believe.
The conventional wisdom is that these countries are
walking away from their former colonial master,
France, to forge alternative alliances with a new
ally, Russia. These convenient analyses are largely
shaped by the geopolitical tug-of-war between old
and new superpowers: The US and its NATO allies on
the one hand, and Russia and China on the other.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Homage_to_Russian_War_Resisters⠀⇛
Given the Russian government’s brutal repression of
dissent, the level of Russian resistance to the
Putin regime’s war on Ukraine is quite remarkable.
Beginning on the evening of February 24, 2022, the
date of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine,
many thousands of Russians, defying threats from
the authorities, staged nonviolent antiwar
demonstrations across their nation. On the first
night alone, police made 1,820 arrests of peace
demonstrators in 58 Russian cities. Over the
ensuing weeks, the mass protests continued, with
the intrepid demonstrators chanting or holding up
signs reading “No to War.” As the authorities
viewed any mention of “war” as a crime, even
elementary school children were arrested when they
said the forbidden slogan. Some peace demonstrators
took to holding up blank signs, but they, too, were
arrested. By March 13, according to OVD-Info, a
Russian human rights group, the police had made at
least 14,906 arrests of these and other Russian
peace demonstrators.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Ray_McGovern:_Nord_Stream_Attack_an_‘Act_of
War’⠀⇛
Ray McGovern discusses Seymour Hersh’s story, “How
America Took Out The Nord Stream Pipeline” on
Garland Nixon and Wilmer Leon’s radio show, The
Critical Hour. (With transcript).
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Anti-War_Voices_Accuse_Super_Bowl_of
‘Hijacking_the_Pat_Tillman_Story’⠀⇛
One journalist reminded readers that the NFL star
and Army Ranger “called the Iraq invasion and
occupation ‘fucking illegal’ and was killed by
friendly fire in an incident the military covered
up and tried to hide from his family.”
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ After_Prigozhin_reports_Wagner_Group’s_capture_of
Krasna_Hora,_Defense_Ministry_attributes_victory_to
unspecified_‘volunteers’_—_Meduza⠀⇛
At a briefing on Monday, Russia’s Defense Ministry
reported that “volunteers from assault detachments”
backed by “fire support from missile troops and
artillery from the Southern Grouping of Forces”
have captured Krasna Hora, a village in Ukraine’s
Donetsk region.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Kevin_Tillman:_How_America’s_Forever_Wars_and
Interventions_Fueled_the_Assault_on_the_Capitol⠀⇛
The NFL’s Super Bowl pre-game tribute to Army
Ranger Pat Tillman reminded the ScheerPost staff of
this piece by his brother Kevin Tillman, originally
published in 2021. By Kevin Tillman / TomDispatch
Just about everyone was shocked by what happened at
the Capitol building on January 6th. But as a
former soldier in America’s forever […]
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Mediazona_and_BBC_News_Russian_publish_further
figures_on_Russia’s_losses_in_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Mediazona and BBC News Russian, together with a
group of volunteers, have confirmed the deaths of
14,093 Russian servicemen killed in the Ukraine war
before February 12. They arrived at this total
using only public records and other open sources.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_government_has_built_secret_network_of
railroad_lines_and_train_stations_for_Putin’s_exclusive_use,
according_to_new_report_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Over the last decade, Russian authorities have
built multiple railroad lines that lead to Vladimir
Putin’s various residences, as well as several
secret train stations near those residences, the
investigative news outlet Proekt reported on
Tuesday.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ NPR ☛ If_there’s_a_war_against_climate_change,_Saint-Louis
is_on_the_front_line._And_losing⠀⇛
In Senegal, rising seas have led to devastating
coastal erosion. If there is a war against climate
change, the UNESCO World Heritage city of Saint-
Louis is on the front lines. And the ocean is
winning.
# ⚓ The Hill ☛ Greta_Thunberg_says_world_leaders_not_even
‘moving_in_the_right_direction’_on_climate⠀⇛
“The often-used argument that ‘we don’t have enough
money’ has been disproven so many times,” Thunberg
wrote. “According to the International Monetary
Fund, the production and burning of coal, oil and
fossil gas was subsidized by $5.9 trillion in 2020
alone. That is $11 million every minute, earmarked
for planetary destruction.”
# ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ Greta_Thunberg:_How_should_global
leaders_use_trillions_of_dollars_to_combat_climate_change?⠀⇛
However, in June 2021, the International Energy
Agency concluded that out of the historic global
recovery plan, only a bleak 2% had been invested
into green energy, whatever “green” means in this
case. In the European Union, for instance, those 2%
might well be spent on fossil gas from Vladimir
Putin’s Russia or on burning biomass made from
clear-cut forests as these activities — along with
many others — are at the moment considered green in
the brand-new EU taxonomy.
So they did not just get it slightly wrong — our
leaders completely failed. And they continue to
fail; despite all the beautiful words and pledges,
they are not moving in the right direction. In
fact, we are still expanding fossil fuel
infrastructure all over the world. In many cases,
we are even speeding up the process. China is
planning to build 43 new coal power plants on top
of the 1,000 plants already in operation. In the
U.S., approvals for companies to drill for oil and
fossil methane gas are on schedule to reach their
highest level since the presidency of George W.
Bush.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Study_Shows_How_Corporations_Are_Deceiving
the_Public_to_‘Greenwash_Their_Brand’⠀⇛
A detailed study published Monday finds that the
climate pledges of some of the world’s largest
companies are often highly misleading, lack
transparency, and fall well short of what’s
necessary to avert catastrophic warming, casting
further doubt on the viability of global emission-
reduction plans that depend on voluntary corporate
action.
# § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
# ⚓ Bridge Michigan ☛ Ford_EV_battery_plant_on_Marshall
Michigan_megasite_gets_$1B_in_incentives⠀⇛
Ford says it will open in 2026, employing
2,500 people and using a design licensed by a
Chinese partner
The Marshall factory will be the first
lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery factory
in U.S., allowing Ford to sell two battery
styles
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Methane_Pyrolysis:_Producing_Green
Hydrogen_Without_Carbon_Emissions⠀⇛
Generally, when we talk about the production
of hydrogen, the discussion is about either
electrolysis of water into oxygen and
hydrogen, or steam methane reforming (SMR).
Although electrolysis is often mentioned – as
it can create hydrogen using nothing but
water and electricity – SMR is by far the
most common source of hydrogen. Much of this
is due to the low cost and high efficiency of
SMR, but a major disadvantage of SMR is that
large amounts of carbon dioxide are released,
which offsets some of the benefits of using
hydrogen as a fuel in the first place.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Battling_a_Mining_Goliath_on_Two
Continents⠀⇛
Lynas bills itself as the only significant
producer of separated rare earth oxides
outside of China. It mines these minerals at
Mt. Weld in Western Australia. From there, it
sends the material to a secondary processing
facility in Malaysia where it separates and
processes the ore. According to its own
promotional materials, Lynas is “designed
from the ground up as an environmentally
responsible producer.”
Lee Tan disagrees. She’s originally from
Kuantan, the Malaysian port where Lynas’s
processing facility is located. She not only
takes issue with the way Lynas describes
itself. She has devoted a decade of activism
to exposing the activities of the Australian
company and trying to stop more radioactive
waste from accumulating in her hometown.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Profits,_Drilling_Plans_Prove_UAE_Oil
Exec_‘Unfit’_to_Chair_UN_Climate_Summit:_Amnesty⠀⇛
The campaign to oust Sultan Ahmed al-Jaber
from his role as president-designate of the
forthcoming United Nations climate summit
ratcheted up Monday after the fossil fuel
corporation he oversees announced record
profits along with plans to expand.
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Big_Oil’s_Been_Secretly_Validating_Critics’
Concerns_about_Carbon_Capture⠀⇛
Last February, ExxonMobil announced it would
further expand its only active carbon capture
and storage (CCS) operation in the United
States, located at a gas processing facility
in LaBarge, Wyoming. Shute Creek is the
world’s largest CCS project and has been
operational for over 30 years. Although the
oil giant publicly touts carbon capture as a
“proven” climate solution, its own early
foray reveals just how flimsy of a fix the
technology really is — and how expensive,
both for taxpayers and the climate.
For starters, at Exxon’s Shute Creek, nearly
all of the CO2 separated from the extracted
fossil gas either has been sold, for a
profit, to other drillers to use for
squeezing out hard-to-recover oil elsewhere
(a process called enhanced oil recovery) or
vented back into the atmosphere. Only 3
percent of the Wyoming project’s CO2 has been
geologically stored in the same formation
from which the original gas was extracted,
according to estimates from the Institute for
Energy Economics and Financial Analysis
(IEEFA).
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Wired ☛ Pig_Butchering_Scams_Are_Evolving_Fast⠀⇛
Researchers found that to stay relevant and deceive
more victims in recent months, so-called pig
butchering attacks are developing both more
compelling narratives to draw targets in and more
sophisticated tech to convince victims that there’s
big money to be made. Even before these
refinements, the scams were big business. The FBI’s
Internet Crime Complaint Center received more than
4,300 submissions related to pig butchering scams
in 2021, totaling more than $429 million in losses.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ We’re_Living_in_a_Golden_Age_of_Plenty—for_the
Rich⠀⇛
A few weeks ago, the world’s power
brokers—politicians, CEOs, millionaires,
billionaires—met in Davos, the mountainous Swiss
resort town, for the 2023 World Economic Forum. In
an annual ritual that reads ever more like
Orwellian farce, the global elite gathered—their
private jets lined up like gleaming sardines at a
nearby private airport—to discuss the most pressing
issues of our time, many of which they are chiefly
responsible for creating.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Robbing_From_the_Poor_to_Educate_the_Rich⠀⇛
The assault on public education currently unfolding
in state legislatures across the United States
stands to annually transfer tens of billions of
dollars from public treasuries to the bank accounts
of upper-income families. Those dollars, which
otherwise would have gone to public schools, will
instead reimburse parents currently paying private
school tuition. It’s a reverse Robin Hood scheme
that Americans would hate if they fully understood
what was going on.1
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Rescue_Our_Democratic_Society:
Constitutionally_Render_Corporations_Unequal_to_Humans⠀⇛
No other institutions consistently Rule over as
Much in the World as the Giant Global Corporations
– not governments, not armies, not religions and
certainly not trade unions. These fictional
corporate entities have largely achieved
transcendent imperial status, as they amass
coordinated control over capital, labor, technology
and governments because they have secured the
rights bestowed upon human beings. In a
confrontation or a conflict or even a contract, it
is no contest: mere people don’t have a chance.
As Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis warned
in 1933, we have created a “Frankenstein monster”
in our midst, whose unifying lust for power and
control on behalf of their profits know few limits.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Letter_from_London:_Hey_Ho,_Let’s_Go!⠀⇛
As I write, little appears on the table when it
comes to resolving the strikes over here. The rail
strikes for example are to continue. Last week saw
the biggest NHS strike in history. Nobody, in
England at least, appears to be talking. Scotland
and Wales look closer to a deal. I had a post-op
appointment the same week and was wondering how the
mood would be in hospital. Much of the British
press continues to be antagonistic towards the
strikers, while the public seem by and large behind
them. I am guessing our media barons will have to
decide at some point just how far they wish to
alienate their British readers. One poll says fewer
than 17% think Sunak’s government is doing a good
job of negotiating. Labour are not exactly chanting
support for the strikers, but an unsurprising 31%
expect they would fare better.
It is as though everyone is jumping ship over here.
One of the most sorted non-British friends I have
has just admitted to ‘getting walloped’ by the cost
of living here, and I wonder how much longer they
can stay. I also met up with a very good friend who
is returning to live in the Caribbean as a result
of the present financial and political climate. He
has had enough. I don’t blame him. People are in
denial about quite how bad things really are. This
friend gets the feeling half of the businesses in
the country are leaving alongside him. ‘Question I
guess is, what would Labour do?’ he asks. I know
former prime minister Boris Johnson has yet again
been to telling us all to ‘shrug off all this
negativity and gloom-mongering’ but it must help
when you get handed a £2.5m advance for speaking
engagements, taking your outside non-parliamentary
income to nearly £5m in the past year. As for my
imminently departing friend, the last time I was in
the Caribbean, I was remembering to him, was in
Trinidad. Even though I was there to see an old
school friend who had been battling cancer, a
battle he lost in the end, I was reminded again
during that trip of why people so liked the region.
(I had also visited Bermuda, if that counts, the
Bahamas, Barbados, and St Lucia.) It helped that my
friend was adventurous and from an adventurous
family — his Scottish father had been an aerial
surveyor in the Caribbean, South America, Africa,
South East Asia and the Middle East. As if
realising this might be our last jaunt together, my
friend and I — with his brother and brother’s
girlfriend — sailed not so far from the Venezuelan
coast. This was in their marvellously bashed about
yacht. While my friend insisted rather gleefully
that there were pirates about, I remember
monitoring the horizon with a benign smile on my
face. Sailing so close to the wind, and with a
shared sense of humour on board, made me feel very
fortunate indeed. Still staring out, we began
discussing the history of enslavement on the
island, and the long brutal journeys that had to be
made from Africa to the sugar and cocoa
plantations. These would last up to three brutal
months. Many people would arrive ill and weak —
those who had not already perished, that is. I
remember suddenly feeling seasick.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ When_the_WPA_Created_Over_400,000_Jobs_for
Black_Workers⠀⇛
In response to the Great Depression, the Works
Progress Administration (WPA) created jobs for over
8 million people between 1935 and 1943. While data
on the racial composition of WPA workers isn’t
available for all of these years, the data we have
for 1939, 1941, and 1942 make clear that the WPA
[…]
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Why_Washington_Tolerates_the_Trump_Family’s
Saudi_Corruption⠀⇛
Using off-the-record statements from former White
House officials as well as public evidence, Kranish
makes a compelling case that there was a shady quid
pro quo between the Trump family and MBS. When they
held the White House, the Trumps took the existing
American alliance with Saudi Arabia and pushed into
a new level of personal devotion to MBS, whose
position as crown prince was precarious and needed
shoring up. Saudi Arabia was the first country
Trump visited as president. Under Trump, the USA
turned a blind eye to escalating human rights
abuses inside Saudi Arabia and mounting war crimes
in the American-supported Saudi war against Yemen.
When Washington Post writer and Saudi dissident
Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi was kidnapped and gruesomely
murdered at the behest of MBS, the Trump White
House protected the Saudi autocrat from the ensuing
backlash.
# ⚓ FAIR ☛ ‘Gigi_Sohn_Has_Faced_Relentless_Smear_Campaigns,
Some_Funded_by_the_Telecom_Industry’⠀⇛
Therein lies the tale—a disheartening one of
outsized corporate power and the denaturing of
government’s public interest obligation, and of
transparently scurrilous right-wing attacks, and
lagging, inadequate response.
And back of it all, the critical fight for a media
universe that lives up to the promise to be open,
diverse, creative and liberatory, and not yet
another sphere of corporate power and might makes
right.
# ⚓ India Times ☛ Meta_business_chief_to_depart⠀⇛
Fifty-two-year-old Levine, appointed as the
company’s first chief business officer in 2021, has
served in various other executive positions at the
social media company, including chief operating
officer of Instagram.
# ⚓ Variety ☛ Meta_Sales_Chief_Marne_Levine_Resigns⠀⇛
With Levine’s exit, Nicola Mendelsohn, Meta’s head
of global business group, and Justin Osofsky, head
of online sales, operations and partnerships, are
taking on expanded roles as Meta’s most senior
sales and partnership leaders, reporting to COO
Javier Olivan. The company said the new structure
“continues to bring our business and product teams
closer together.”
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ China-Owned_Parent_Company_of_TikTok_Among_Top
Spenders_on_Internet_Lobbying⠀⇛
Publicly available information collected by
OpenSecrets, a Washington nonprofit that tracks
campaign finance and lobbying data, shows that
ByteDance and its subsidiaries, including TikTok,
the wildly popular short video app, have spent more
than $13 million on U.S. lobbying since 2020. In
2022 alone, Fox News reported, the companies spent
$5.4 million on lobbying.
Only Amazon.com ($19.7 million) and the parent
companies of Google ($11 million) and Facebook ($19
million) spent more, according to OpenSecrets.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, ByteDance spent $1.2
million on lobbying, according to Fox News.
# ⚓ Computer World ☛ Microsoft_cuts_HoloLens,_Xbox,_Surface
jobs_as_industrial_metaverse_team_said_to_fold⠀⇛
Facing macroeconomic uncertainty and slowing
growth, Microsoft has confirmed that it is laying
off employees working on its HoloLens, Surface
laptop and Xbox products, as reports surface that
it will be cutting 100 employees working for its
industrial metaverse unit — essentially closing
down that team.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Sean_Patrick_Maloney_Has_No_Business_Being_in
the_Department_of_Labor⠀⇛
Barely five minutes after losing his seat in
Congress, Sean Patrick Maloney is out campaigning
for a consolation prize: United States secretary of
labor.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Mind_of_a_Materialist⠀⇛
In 1971, the Turkish novelist Sevgi Soysal found
herself in prison. The charges? Obscenity,
communism, and losing her ID. The first two were
beyond dispute: The candor of her fiction,
alongside her (complicated) commitment to
communism, challenged the country’s conservative
mores. But the last charge remains apocryphal.
During an argument between friends, she apparently
bellowed the word yeter (“enough!”) so loudly that
it drew the attention of the police. With martial
law in effect, “enough!” was enough to be mistaken
for political protest. The police booked her,
nominally for not producing an identification card,
and she was soon shipped off to the Yildirim
region’s Women’s Ward.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Why_People_Don’t_Even_Trust_the_Super_Bowl⠀⇛
The United States suffers from a profound mistrust
in institutions that used to be considered
sacrosanct. Across the political spectrum, people
are subjecting elections, politicians, the courts,
and even science to unprecedented scrutiny. There
is a crisis in confidence in the legitimacy of
everything that was once foundational. Now we can
add the ultimate all-American spectacle, the Super
Bowl, to this list. After Super Bowl 57, in which
the Kansas City Chiefs defeated the Philadelphia
Eagles 38-35, #Rigged was trending on Twitter
around the world. The game’s culmination left much
to be desired, and outside of Kansas City, howls of
dissatisfaction echoed throughout social media.
That’s not the way the National Football League
wanted to end its season. Its most valuable
commodity is the idea that “on any given Sunday”
any result is possible. This was proven true, but
it wasn’t the ending anyone wanted.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Humanity_Can_No_Longer_Tolerate
Corporations_That_Exist_Almost_Entirely_to_Make_Money⠀⇛
In most countries, it’s left up to business owners,
CEOs and boards to decide what their purpose is,
and all too often the choice is ultimately based on
greed.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ramzan_Kadyrov_says_top_Chechen_general_was
targeted_by_poisoning_attempt_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Chechnya Governor Ramzan Kadyrov reported Monday
that Apti Alaudinov, one of his assistants and the
commander of Chechnya’s forces in Ukraine, was
recently the target of a poisoning attempt.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ How_Dare_They_Show_Up_All_Black_and
Excellent:_Lift_Every_Voice⠀⇛
Boasting the usual hype, glitz, plugs and some
football, Sunday also showcased what was arguably
“the Blackest, most woke Super Bowl ever”: Black
History Month, two first-ever black quarterbacks,
black performers, and sweet white Jesus a soaring
Black National Anthem?! MAGA-land heads exploded:
Satan, racism, divisiveness, leaving “NOTHING for
the White People of our land!” “Hateful gargoyle”
MTG: The white singer was good but “we could have
gone without the wokeness.” America: “You mean the
blackness.”
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Sanders-Warren_Plan_Would_Tax_the_Rich_to
Increase_Social_Security_by_$2,400_a_Year⠀⇛
As congressional Republicans threaten to cut Social
Security and other key federal programs,
progressive Sens. Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth
Warren led a group of lawmakers Monday in unveiling
legislation that would increase Social Security
benefits by at least $200 per month and prolong the
program’s solvency for decades by finally requiring
wealthy Americans to pay their fair share.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Sanders_to_Elevate_Crisis_of_Low_Teacher
Pay_With_Union_Leaders⠀⇛
“I do not think we should accept it as ‘normal’ in
our society that billionaires get massive tax
breaks while teachers in this country have to work
a second job just to make ends meet,” said the
Vermont Independent senator. “We must pay all
teachers in America at least $60,000.”
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Warnings_of_‘Dark_Dictatorship’_in_Israel
as_Protesters_Rage_Against_Far-Right_Judicial_Reforms⠀⇛
Massive protests erupted in Israel on Monday as the
country’s far-right government, led by Prime
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, began advancing
judicial reforms that would roll back judicial
oversight of parliament and give lawmakers more
control over Supreme Court appointments, proposed
changes that opposition leader Yair Lapid decried
as an attempt to impose a “dark dictatorship.”
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ New_Israeli_Regime_Moves_Toward_“Cleansing”
All_Palestinians_From_Palestine⠀⇛
Israel’s new fascist government has increased the
collective punishment of Palestinians — a war
crime.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ A_Look_Into_What_Advertisers_Elon’s_Twitter_Has
In_Its_Future⠀⇛
We were just talking about how Twitter’s ad revenue
woes may be even worse than previously expected.
Earlier reports had suggested that ad revenue was
down 40% as many of the biggest advertisers had
abandoned ship in the name of protecting their own
brand safety. But the more recent report said that
advertising was actually down over 70% in December.
We also noted that many of the remaining bigger
name advertisers are on long-term deals that were
signed before Musk took over, which raises
questions about whether or not they’ll renew, as
Musk’s “content moderation” ideas seem to be mainly
around punishing people he doesn’t like, bringing
back literal Nazis, and allowing the infamous
Russian mercenary paramilitary org Wagner Group PMC
to recruit Americans to fight against Ukraine.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Even_Former_NSA_Lawyers_Don’t_Think_A_TikTok_Ban
Fixes_The_Actual_Problem⠀⇛
We’ve mentioned more than a few times how the great
moral panic over TikTok is a hollow performance by
unserious people who have little actual interest in
consumer privacy. Folks like the FCC’s Brendan
Carr, who’ve spent years opposing funding privacy
regulators or passing a meaningful Internet privacy
law, yet now suffer repeated, performative
embolisms when TikTok exploits a reality they
helped create.
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Ocasio-Cortez_Blasts_Christian_Super_Bowl_Ads
That_“Make_Fascism_Look_Benign”⠀⇛
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_media_reports_United_Russia_deputy_from
Tuva_parliament_fatally_shot_man_on_hunting_trip_after
mistaking_him_for_animal_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The local branch of Russia’s Investigative
Committee in the Tuva Republic reported Monday that
a criminal case has been opened against a 44-year-
old local man who fatally shot another man on a
hunting trip after mistaking him for an animal.
# ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Fact_check:_Are_Transcarpathian_Hungarian
soldiers_really_being_taken_to_Orbán_if_they_surrender_to_the
Russians?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Be._Very._Careful._Who._You._Invite._In.⠀⇛
In his essay in the Opinion section of the New York
Times on Feb. 1, 2023, “Be Open to Spiritual
Experience. Also, Be Really Careful,”[1] Ross
Douthat’s seemingly amorphous warning is really
aimed at the two new statues by citizen-of-the-
world visual artist Shahzia Sikander, appearing in
the public space of the roof of the New York
Appellate Court and adjacent to it, in the shape of
a flowering female form installed in Madison Square
Park.
In one of the more bizarre columns of his that I’ve
read, Douthat claims he wants to both “defend the
rationality of this kind of spiritual
experimentation” (which he sees manifested in
Sikander’s work), then to warn us about its
dangers. While I have no idea what he means by “the
rationality of spiritual experimentation,” he
attacks what he sees as three contemporary
manifestations of it: the current Tik Tok craze,
the DMT or “psychonautic” drug experimentation
culture, and finally, Sikander’s “statue on a New
York courthouse, occupying a plinth near famous
lawgivers like Moses and Confucius. It’s a golden
woman, or at least a female figure, with braided
hair shaped like horns, roots or tendrils for arms
and feet, rising from a lotus flower.” Whilst
acknowledging that this “golden woman” who wears “a
version of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s lace
collar” is meant to evoke “female power in a
historically male-dominated legal world and to
protest Roe v. Wade’s reversal” as the artist
herself has stated, what disturbs the liberal
sentiments of Douthat nonetheless is the fact that
“the work is clearly an attempt at a religious icon
as well, one forged in a blurring of spiritual
traditions.” It is this “blurring”, or more aptly,
a “queering” of heteronormative, white Christian
patriarchal belief systems that have shaped
America’s justice system from its very founding,
that I believe, most disturbs the equanimity of the
critic, what gives him pause in his liberal,
tolerant worldview. This “blurring” of spiritual
traditions is evident to him in the fact that the
statue on the rooftop instead of having feet firmly
planted in our earthly firmament, instead arises,
feet-less, all golden-bathed 8 feet of it, out of a
lotus flower, thus evidencing some sort of
pantheistic deity, evoking a “nature-spirituality”
that turns the human female form into a “magical
hybrid plant-animal.” Douthat’s discomfort, fear
even, at this queering of the (white) female form,
named “NOW” by the artist (which evokes both the
need for abortion-rights female lawgivers such as
the late Ruth Bader Ginsberg in our current moment
when such rights are being repealed, as well as a
sly reference to NOW, the premier US women’s rights
organization), mounts as he describes the statue
it is in dialogue with, erected in the middle of
Madison Square Park across from the courthouse.
This one, an 18- foot- tall female form wearing a
hooped skirt and stylized horns for hair with roots
instead of feet, is named “WITNESS” and together
the two sculptures make up “HAVAH: to breathe, air,
life.” The word Havah, evoking the Arabic and
Hebrew name for Eve, in Douthat’s view “mak[es] a
feminist claim on the monotheistic tradition”; such
a claim might even be acceptable to the liberal-
minded side of Douthat, but the fact that the
statue like the one atop the courthouse is
evocative of a nature-animal-human triptych, is
more than our critic, at bottom a Christian
conservative (as he himself tells us), can bear. He
bemoans, “finally it’s very hard not to see the
braids-as-horns, the tendrils that look a bit
tentacle-like, as an appropriation of Christian
images of the demonic in a statue that stands
against the politics of conservative Christianity.”
His veiled critique of Shahzia Sikander’s “anti-
Christian” statuary work is more clearly spelled
out in the Christian Broadcasting Network’s
statement,
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Trump_Dismissed_Research_He_Paid_for_After_It
Debunked_Election_Fraud_Claims⠀⇛
# ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ ‘Many_will_attack_me_for_this’_–
Hungarian_FM_in_Belarus⠀⇛
# § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
# ⚓ Reason ☛ Can_the_Feds_Prosecute_Douglass_Mackey_for
His_Twitter_Trolling?⠀⇛
At one point he posted a series of images
that seemed geared to trick Hillary Clinton
supporters into thinking that they could vote
by text. “Avoid the line. Vote from home,”
one of these images reads against a Clinton-
branded background. “Text ‘Hillary’ to
59925.” According to a Justice Department
press release, at least 4,900 people texted
the number before Election Day.
Federal officials say this was a deliberate
attempt to violate voters’ constitutional
rights. On January 27, 2021, they charged
Mackey with conspiracy “to injure, oppress,
threaten and intimidate one or more persons
in the free exercise and enjoyment of a right
and privilege secured to them by the
Constitution and laws of the United States,
to wit: the right to vote.” Their case rests
on an 1870 law designed to prevent violent
white supremacist mobs from preventing black
citizens from voting. The Justice Department
believes this is the first time an American
has faced criminal charges for Twitter
disinformation.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Fourth_Circuit_Latest_To_Say_Filming_Cops_Is
Protected_By_The_First_Amendment⠀⇛
The Supreme Court — years after the ubiquity of
cell phones and their cameras — has yet to provide
nationwide guidance on a topic that should be
considered settled: the right to record public
officials while they engage in their public duties.
# ⚓ CPJ ☛ Access_to_VOA_and_RFE/RL_websites_restricted_in
Afghanistan⠀⇛
The websites of both outlets are inaccessible on
three of Afghanistan’s privately owned
telecommunications providers—Afghan Wireless,
Roshan, and Etisalat Afghanistan—but remain
accessible to users of the state-owned telecom
company Salam, according to a report by VOA, a
statement by RFE/RL, and two journalists inside the
country who spoke to CPJ on the condition of
anonymity, citing fear of reprisal.
# ⚓ RFERL ☛ Belarusian_Nobel_Winner_Byalyatski_Says_Trial
Politically_Motivated,_Reiterates_Innocence⠀⇛
Byalyatski also said state media reports about
Vyasna and its work had been highly biased and
noted that one of the four lawyers who defended him
during the 18 months since the case opened had been
imprisoned for eight years while two others had
their licenses stripped.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_authorities_announce_launch_of_Oculus,_an
automated_system_for_detecting_‘LGBT_propaganda’_and_other
banned_content_online_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The Main Radio Frequency Center, an entity overseen
by Russia’s federal censorship agency, announced
Monday that it has launched a new automated system
called Oculus that will search the Internet for
photo and video content that’s banned under Russian
law.
o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ CPJ ☛ ‘Don’t_give_up’:_After_fleeing_overseas,_Hong_Kong
journalists_fight_on⠀⇛
He is among a growing number of Hong Kong
journalists now reporting from overseas due to the
shrinking space for independent reporting back
home, with new outlets set up and managed from
places like the United Kingdom and Australia.
# ⚓ VOA News ☛ Somali_Journalist_Freed_in_Surprise_Move_Hours
After_Conviction⠀⇛
“When I was taken to Mogadishu central prison,
officers refused to jail me granting my immediate
freedom,” he said on Twitter.
“I went straight to my office to conduct my daily
routine. I will continue to be on the forefront of
defending press freedom and human rights in
Somalia,” he added.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ EFF ☛ EFF_Backs_California_Bill_to_Protect_People_Seeking
Abortion_and_Gender-Affirming_Care_from_Dragnet_Digital
Surveillance⠀⇛
Stop All Digital Dragnet Surveillance of Vulnerable
People
Assemblymember Mia Bonta (D-Oakland) on Monday
introduced AB 793, a bill to prevent
unconstitutional searches of people’s data.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Meet_the_Activist_Championing_the_Rights_of
Workers_From_the_Inside⠀⇛
The general counsel of the National Labor Relations
Board, a federal agency founded in 1935 to protect
the right of private employees to organize in order
to improve their working conditions, doesn’t come
off as either a frumpy bureaucrat or a firebrand.
Jennifer Abruzzo has the look and demeanor of a fun
art teacher. Her shoulder-length curly hair and
thin-rimmed glasses frame a face that could be 45
or 65 (she’s 59). On the day I met her in her
corner office, she was wearing a navy-blue jumpsuit
with a green scarf in place of a tie and bright
magenta nail polish. A bookshelf running along one
wall is filled with huge accordion folders stuffed
with papers, and a framed illustration of Ruth
Bader Ginsburg displaying the words “Women belong
in all places where decisions are being made” sits
atop it. As we talk, she sips from a large mug that
identifies her as the “Best Grandma Ever.” A
credenza next to her desk is lined with family
photos. She travels to the Carolinas to babysit her
son’s two kids. She remembers the birthdays of
everyone she works with.1
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Growing_Number_of_US_Teen_Girls_Face_Sexual
Violence_and_Depression:_CDC_Report⠀⇛
Child development experts and other advocates said
Monday that new federal data regarding the
struggles of adolescents in the United States
should serve as an urgent call to action, as
teenage girls reported facing rising levels of
sexual violence as well as suicidal thoughts and
depression in a survey taken by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ NYPD_Adds_$121_Million_In_Settlements_To_Its
$11.2_Billion_Tab⠀⇛
New York’s Finest continue to set the sort of
records New York residents would rather the NYPD
didn’t. The NYPD is not too big to fail. But it’s
apparently too big to curtail.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ 25_Years_of_V-Day:_Ending_Gender_Violence,
Fighting_Tentacles_of_Patriarchy_&_New_“Reckoning”_Memoir⠀⇛
February 14 marks the 25th anniversary of V-Day,
the global movement to end violence against women,
gender-expansive people, girls and the planet. It
is also the 10th anniversary of V-Day’s One Billion
Rising campaign, a call to action based on the
staggering reality that one in three women on the
planet will be beaten or raped during her lifetime.
The V-Day movement brings together activism and art
to transform systems and change culture and was
founded by the activist V, formerly Eve Ensler,
author of the “The Vagina Monologues” and her new
memoir “Reckoning.” This year the One Billion
Rising campaign is focusing on “Freedom from
Patriarchy and from all its progeny.” We discuss
decades of activism, events planned this year, and
what reckoning looks like with activist and V-Day
founder V, alongside Monique Wilson, global
director of One Billion Rising, and Christine
Schuler Deschryver, director of V-Day Congo and co-
founder and director of City of Joy, a
revolutionary community for women survivors of
gender violence in Bukavu in the Democratic
Republic of Congo.
# ⚓ BBC ☛ Sara_Khadem:_Top_Iran_chess_player_exiled_for
refusing_headscarf⠀⇛
Instead, she can’t return to Iran – there are
arrest papers waiting for her, and she now lives in
exile in southern Spain, with her husband and one-
year-old son.
She and her family asked the BBC not to reveal her
precise location; their worry is that there may be
repercussions even thousands of miles away from
Iran.
# ⚓ Arab News ☛ Iran_to_‘firmly_punish’_hijab_violators:
report⠀⇛
But authorities signalled less tolerance since the
start of the year, with police warning that women
must wear headscarves even in cars.
On Tuesday, Mehr news agency reported that the
prosecutor general had issued a directive in which
“police were ordered to firmly punish any hijab
violations.”
# ⚓ RFA ☛ Uh,_Ju_Ae…_We_have_to_change_your_name⠀⇛
That’s why officials called in the parents of a 12-
year-old Ju Ae in the northwestern city of Chongju
on Feb. 8 – along with every other Ju Ae in the
area – to choose new names and update their birth
certificates, a source who lives in her
neighborhood told RFA’s Korean Service on condition
of anonymity for security reasons.
“The social security official said that the reason
why the authorities are investigating individuals
named ‘Ju Ae’ and forcing them to change their
names is because the name of the daughter touted as
the ‘Noble Child of the Highest Dignity’ is Ju Ae,”
the source said, using an honorific term to refer
to Kim Jong Un. “An order has been issued to get
rid of anyone with the same name.”
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Ban_On_Physical_Mail_Slated_For_NYC_Jails,_Which
Could_Go_Digital_Instead⠀⇛
Prison is a scary place, very much by design. It’s
a place you end up when convicted of crimes by the
judicial system, or in some cases, if you’re merely
awaiting trial. Once you go in as a prisoner,
general freedom and a laundry list of other rights
are denied to you. New York City is the latest in a
long list of municipalities looking to expand that
list to include a ban on inmates receiving physical
mail.
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Study:_Racism_Plays_Bigger_Role_in_Black-White
Infant_Mortality_Gap_Than_Wealth⠀⇛
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Sanders_Isn’t_Afraid_to_Subpoena_Starbucks_CEO
to_Get_Him_to_Appear_in_Congress⠀⇛
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ From_Palestine_to_US_Prisons,_Radical_Love_Can
Guide_Our_Fight_for_Liberation⠀⇛
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Israel_Defies_International_Law_to_Legalize_9
Settler_Colonies_on_Occupied_Land⠀⇛
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ We_Can’t_Let_Antisemitism_Be_Weaponized_to
Criminalize_Solidarity_With_Palestine⠀⇛
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ California_Reparations_Task_Force_Pushes_for
More_Systemic_Reforms⠀⇛
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Demon_Copperhead:_the_American_Protest
Novel_Revisited⠀⇛
To write her most recent novel, (2022; 549 pages;
$32.50; Harper Collins) her tenth in the past 35
years, Barbara Kingsolver turned for inspiration to
Charles Dickens whom she calls her “genius friend.”
In the acknowledgements, she writes, “I’m grateful
to Charles Dickens for writing David Copperfield,
his impassioned critique of institutional poverty
and its damaging effects on children in his
society.” She adds, “Those problems are still with
us.” Isn’t that obvious? Why hit us over the head
with it?
In the body of the novel, Kingsolver’s protagonist
and narrator— a poor white kid, a drug addict, an
orphan and a born again artist— explains that while
Dickens was a “seriously old guy, dead and a
foreigner, but Jesus Christ did he get the picture
on kids and orphans getting screwed over and nobody
giving a rat’s ass. You’d think he was from around
here.” For Copperhead, whose hair is the color of
copper wire, “around here” means Appalachia, where
Kingsolver lives on a farm with her husband. The
time is now, though there are very few references
to contemporary events. The Iraq war is one of
them.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ EFF ☛ Why_is_New_York_City_Removing_Free_Broadband_In_Favor
of_Charter?⠀⇛
In response, former union workers at Spectrum opted
to build their own broadband cooperative called
People’s Choice Communications, to deliver free
high-speed access. This was unequivocally a good
thing. The de Blasio Administration itself was even
in the process of contracting with the worker-owned
cooperative to build new networks. But since the
election of Mayor Eric Adams, this critical
progress has not only come to a halt, it is also
now actively being undermined, to the benefit of
large cable corporations. Instead of pursuing long
term solutions to low-income access, as outlined by
the Internet Master Plan, Mayor Adams has abandoned
that plan. Now, the Adams administration is pushing
an extraordinarily wasteful proposal dubbed “Big
Apple Connect,” that literally just hands money
over to cable companies.
Let’s be crystal clear: Going from a plan to invest
millions into building public infrastructure to a
plan to subsidize cable companies is a gigantic
waste. Building multi-generational public
infrastructure that can eventually deliver free
access is the only means of achieving long-term
sustainable support. Giving money to cable
companies to pay their inflated bills will build
nothing, and it won’t deliver 21st century
infrastructure to those most denied it. It simply
pads the profits of companies that have long-
neglected these communities and failed to improve
access—even when granted money to do so.
The original NYC proposal captures exactly what
needs to be done to deliver permanent solutions. It
would have created infrastructure that can lead to
the creation of more local solutions like the
People’s Choice Communications. NYC’s population
density makes it attractive to small, local
providers because there is such high demand for
broadband that even small networks can find
customers. Accessible fiber that is provisioned on
an open and affordable basis dramatically lowers
the barrier to entering the broadband market. This
would both create competition and drive down prices
for everyone, not just low-income people, as new
entrants enter the market delivering gigabit-level
connectivity.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Once_Again,_I_See_This_Bad_Internet_Bill_From
Senators_Manchin_&_Cornyn,_And_So_I’m_Saying_Something⠀⇛
Not this again… a few years ago we wrote a post
about Senator Joe Manchin’s very, very, very bad
“See Something Say Something” Act. The bill would
remove Section 230 for companies that don’t file a
shit ton of nonsense busywork filings for anything
they see online that might be bad having to do with
illegal drug sales. Basically, if a company becomes
aware of anything suspicious it would need to file
a “suspicious transmission activity report” (STAR).
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Obama’s_turncoat_antitrust_enforcer_is_angry
about_the_Google_breakup⠀⇛
The DoJ’s antitrust lawsuit against Google
triggered an avalanche of pearl-clutching
editorials from establishment lawyers and
economists who argue that such a move is both
counterproductive and legally incoherent. These
Very Bad Takes are only to be expected, since they
emanate from ideologues who volunteered to serve as
Renfields for vampiric monopolists.
A prime example is the Washington Post’s unsigned
editorial, which starts with the conclusion that
monopolies are both legal and generally beneficial,
then works backwards to invent facts to support
that conclusion: [...]
# § Trademarks⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ The_LDS_Church_Opposes_‘Bad_Mormon’
Trademark_Application_Over_‘Tarnishment’_Concerns⠀⇛
The Church of Latter Day Saints has made it
onto our pages before for trying to abuse
intellectual property laws, typically to keep
content out of the public eye that it finds
undesirable. I do like to note in posts like
this that the LDS Church has also
occasionally been quite lenient when it comes
to responding to critiques or commentary as
well. You may have heard of a wildly popular
Broadway musical, for instance.
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Z-Library_Returns_on_the_Clearnet_in
Full_Hydra-Mode⠀⇛
The U.S. Government’s crackdown against Z-
Library late last year aimed to wipe out the
pirate library for good. The criminal
prosecution caused disruption but didn’t
bring the site completely to its knees. Z-
Library continued to operate on the dark web
and this weekend, reappeared on the clearnet,
offering a ‘unique’ domain name to all users.
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal⠀➾
# ⚓ Bicycle_🚲⠀⇛
I cycle a bit, but my bike got beyond repair. So
I’ve signed up with Swapfiets, a hire company. The
name is Dutch for “swapbike”. I got the bike
yesterday. If there’s a problem, I just arrange a
swap for another one.
The bike is pleasantly sedate, as Dutch bikes tend
to be. It has hub gears, brakes when you back-
pedal, and its hub dynamo lights are always on
until you stop moving. Seems good so far. I rode
home from the station, much to the surprise of my
cycling muscles.
# ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_BDGIUNM_Wordo:_CLOYS⠀⇛
# ⚓ Nox⠀⇛
After Diablo came along, the game opened the
floodgates for a slew of pointy, clicky isometric
action RPGs on the PC. Some of these games made a
pretty decent splash, proving themselves to be more
than mere copycats of Blizzard’s popular release.
Nox was one such example of this.
Released in 2000, it was developed by Westwood
Studios in the latter years of the developer’s
life, being one of many, many popular studios from
the 1980s and 90s that were bought up by Electronic
Arts at some point only shuttered a few years
later.
o § Technical⠀➾
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Empty_user_capsules_removed⠀⇛
Happy Valentine’s Day, Gemini lovers! ❤️ As
per my earlier announcement, I tidied the
place up a bit for you. A total of 14 empty
or explicitly abandoned user accounts at
gemini.circumlunar.space were removed (23% of
the total population). This little act of
housekeeping is just the first and the
smallest step in my plan to give the Gemini
project some long overdue care and attention
this year. Stay tuned, and stay smol!
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3166
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_14/02/2023:_Plasma_5.27_and_Russia_Builds_M_OS⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 6:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Server
o Audiocasts/Shows
o Instructionals/Technical
o Games
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o New_Releases
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
# Chromium
# Mozilla
* Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra
* FSF
* Programming/Development
o Python
o Rust
* Leftovers
o Science
o Education
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary
o Security
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Environment
# Energy/Transportation
# Wildlife/Nature
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Monopolies
# Patents
# Copyrights
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal
o Technical
# Science
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ A_new_operating_system_has_been_released_in
Russia⠀⇛
The Russian software market has welcomed a new
operating system called “M OS,” which is based on
the Linux kernel. The operating system is
specifically designed for use in educational
institutions and is being developed by the
Department of Information Technologies of the city
of Moscow. The team responsible for the development
of electronic services and IT systems in the
capital has collaborated with Russian developers to
create “M OS.”
A team of 25 developers has worked on the
development of “M OS”. And the distribution kit
took six months to develop. The product is already
supplied to Moscow schools as part of personal
computers, laptops, and interactive panels. The
Moscow Electronic School (MES) project team is
supporting and developing “M OS.”
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ Nicholas Tietz-Sokolsky ☛ A_systems_design_perspective_on
why_chess.com’s_servers_have_been_melting_|_nicholas@web⠀⇛
January 2023 was a rough month if you wanted to
play chess on the most popular chess website,
chess.com. Their service has been experiencing an
unprecedented amount downtime because of a huge
influx of users. There have been days where it’s
all but unusable. It’s frustrating as a user! It’s
also surely frustrating for the business behind the
site.
Chess has reached an all-time peak in popularity.
In January 2023, Google search traffic exceeded the
boom from the release of The Queen’s Gambit.
There’s a huge influx of new or returning players,
and they flock to the site with the obvious domain.
Chess.com’s app has hit #1 most downloaded free
game on the iOS app store.
Part of doing good systems design is planning for
capacity. A general rule of thumb is that you
should design a system for up to a certain amount
of growth. Beyond some point, architectural
requirements will be dramatically different.
Planning for capacity does not mean planning for
infinite capacity, but what may realistically
happen.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Late_Night_Linux_–_Episode_216⠀⇛
Canonical’s latest Ubuntu PR blunder, Mastodon and
the fediverse are doing a lot better than some
journalists seem to think, yet another telemetry
row, the company behind Mycroft is struggling, KDE
Korner, and more. News We now have a Discord
server (as well as the Telegram group, Matrix room,
and IRC channel).
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ How_to_Enable_Ubuntu_Pro_and_Activate_ESM_in
Ubuntu_18.04_LTS⠀⇛
Still using Ubuntu 18.04 Beaver Bionic? Then don’t
forget to enable Ubuntu Pro and activate the
Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) for enhanced
security to keep your system and its data safe from
malicious attacks.
# ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_check_Nginx_version_on_Linux⠀⇛
# ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ Effective_IP_blocking_with_Iptables:_A_guide_to
secure_Linux_systems⠀⇛
iptables are recognizable to most system
administrators. It has been around for a long and
is enabled by default in the Linux kernel. We may
use iptables to ban a single IP address, several IP
addresses, or whole networks. This may be useful if
you receive repeated port scans or witness failed
unauthorized access in your log files. IP blocking
is a more effective security measure.
# ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ The_15_best_practices_for_securing_Linux_with
Iptables⠀⇛
IPTables is a powerful firewall tool for Linux
systems, but managing its rules can be a complex
and confusing task. In this article, we’ll provide
you with the 15 best practices for managing
iptables rules effectively and efficiently, helping
you to secure your Linux-based systems and prevent
unwanted network traffic.
# ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ Dig_Command:_The_Most_Common_Use_Cases_in
Examples⠀⇛
This example-filled guide shows you how to make the
most of the Linux dig command to perform DNS
lookups, reverse lookups, and more.
# ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ The_BSD_sockstat(1)_command⠀⇛
In today’s installment ofthings_you_already_know,
unless_you_don’t, you can usesockstat(1)on the BSDs
to list open sockets.
From themanpage(1), you can issue this command to
show IPv4 sockets listening on port 22 using
protocol TCP:
$ sockstat -4 -l -P tcp -p 22
[...]
I can’t tell you how many times this has saved me
during a late-night troubleshooting session, when a
service claims to be up but isn’t.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_WikiJS_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛
WikiJS is a modern Wiki Engine based on Git, NodeJS
& Markdown, It is one of the open-source, and
powerful Wiki Engines. It supports various
databases engine like MySQL, MariaDB, MSSQL, and
PostgreSQL. It is fairly easy to use and supports
multi-lingual content.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_Wekan_Kanban_Board_on_Debian⠀⇛
Hi. Today, you will learn How to install Wekan
Kanban Board on Debian Wekan is a free and open-
source Kanban Board, that allows you to manage
daily tasks efficiently.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install Neofetch on_AlmaLinux_9_/
RockyLinux_9⠀⇛
In this guide, we will show you how to install
NeoFetch on AlmaLinux 9 / RockyLinux 9 systems.
Neofetch is a system information tool written in
the Bash shell scripting language. On the left side
is always a logo of the distribution, rendered in
old-fashioned ASCII art. U
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_AdGuard_Home_on_Rocky_Linux_9/
AlmaLinux_9⠀⇛
In this guide, we will show you how to install and
configure AdGuard Home on your AlmaLinux 9 system.
AdGuard Home is a free and open source, powerful
network-wide ads & trackers blocking DNS server.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_aaPanel_on_Rocky_Linux_9_|
AlmaLinux_9⠀⇛
In this guide, we will show you how to install
aaPanel on AlmaLinux and RockyLinux systems.
aaPanel is a free and open source hosting Control
Panel.
# ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_check_Apache_version_on_Linux⠀⇛
# ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_install_Yum_on_Linux⠀⇛
# ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_install_Brew_on_Linux⠀⇛
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ The_new_Vampire_Survivors_update_is_trippy
and_pulled_me_back_in⠀⇛
Vampire Survivors is back with a brand new update
that’s real trippy, and also has a little Sonic
flavour to it.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Fanatical’s_Bundle_Fest_is_back_with_a_25
game_bundle_to_start⠀⇛
Fanatical are back with another Bundle Fest, where
each day a new game bundle will appear so here’s
what to expect from it.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Building_a_Retro_Linux_Gaming_Computer_–
Part_25:_Quantum_Axcess⠀⇛
Back when I first played through Quake: The
Offering I found that I enjoyed the two mission
packs even more than I did the original Quake
campaign, and while these were the only official
addons sold for Quake, several third party
expansions and total conversions exist that also
had retail releases. Two of these, Shrak and
Malice, were published on CD-ROM in 1997 by Quantum
Axcess.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Gladiator_battling_deck-builder_Alina_of
the_Arena_gets_Steam_Deck_support⠀⇛
Alina of the Arena looks like a lot of fun if you
love your deck-builders, and a recent update should
make it a lot better on Steam Deck (and Desktops
with a controller).
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Have_plenty_of_free_time?_Check_out_the_new
Double_Fine_documentary⠀⇛
Have a lot of time free and love Double Fine games,
especially Psychonauts 2? Good news, there’s a
multi-hour documentary now available.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ itch.io_has_a_‘Trans_Witches_are_Witches’
bundle_that’s_raised_over_$90K⠀⇛
The Trans Witches are Witches bundle is live on
itch.io featuring 69 items from various LGBTQ+
creators, aimed at rejecting “Hogwarts Legacy’s
bigotry”.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ KDE ☛ Plasma_5.27_Beta⠀⇛
Today we are bringing you the preview version
of KDE’s Plasma 5.27 release. Plasma 5.27
Beta is aimed at testers, developers, and
bug-hunters. As well as our lightweight and
feature rich Linux Desktop this release adds
a Bigscreen version of Plasma for use on
televisions.
To help KDE developers iron out bugs and
solve issues, install Plasma 5.27 Beta and
test run the features listed below. Please
report bugs to our bug tracker.
The final version of Plasma 5.27 will become
available for the general public on the 14th
of February.
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ KDE_Plasma_5.27_LTS_Desktop_Is_Out_with
New_Welcome_App,_Tiling,_and_More⠀⇛
Highlights of KDE Plasma 5.27 include a new
Plasma Welcome app that helps newcomers to
the KDE Plasma desktop environment easily and
quickly configure various aspects like
enabling Plasma Vaults, connecting their
online accounts or mobile devices, adding
more apps, etc.
Another cool new feature in KDE Plasma 5.27
is tiling support for those with a large
monitor. Tiling can be enabled and configured
by pressing the Meta(Super)+T keyboard
shortcut and there are three layouts to
choose from. Windows can be placed in the
tiled layout by holding Shift and dragging
them to the edge of the screen until they
stick.
# ⚓ Linux Magazine ☛ KDE_Plasma_5.27_Slated_for_a
Valentine’s_Day_Release⠀⇛
# ⚓ KDE ☛ KDE_Eco_Handbook:_“Applying_The_Blue_Angel
Criteria_To_Free_Software”⠀⇛
Today is “I ❤ Free Software!” day and KDE Eco
is proud to announce the publication of the
first edition of the measurement handbook
“Applying The Blue Angel Criteria To Free
Software: A Handbook To Certify Software As
Sustainable”.
You can view the handbook at our website,
where you can also download the PDF release
for offline reading or for sharing with a
friend or colleague.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ EndeavourOS_Scores_A_Sizable_Update_with
Cassini_Neo_Release⠀⇛
EndeavourOS is a popular Arch Linux-based
distribution which is easy to install and use.
Since the last release in December, the team has
worked on adopting new packages and Kernel updates
from Arch repo and announced the release of
Endeavour Cassini Neo.
Here’s what’s new.
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Ubuntu News ☛ Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_774⠀⇛
Welcome to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue 774
for the week of February 5 – 11, 2023. The full
version of this issue is available here.
# ⚓ Ubuntu Fridge ☛ The_Fridge:_Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue
774⠀⇛
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ KiCad_7.0.0_release_–_Custom_fonts,_text
boxes,_SpaceMouse,_crash_reporting,_and_much_more⠀⇛
KiCad 7.0.0 open-source EDA software has just been
released with a range of new features from custom
fonts to 3Dconnexion SpaceMouse integration to opt-
in Sentry crash reporting, and many more. It took
over three years between KiCad 5.0.0 and KiCad
6.0.0 announcements, but only a little over a year
for the release of KiCad 7.0.0. Did KiCad
developers acquire superhuman abilities or did AI
get involved in the development somehow? Most
probably not, and instead they change the release
schedule to a yearly one, so we should get annual
releases of the open-source EDA suite going
forward, with KiCad 8.0.0 to be released in Q1
2024.
# ⚓ DietPi_v8.14_Release_Is_Now_Available⠀⇛
The February 11th, 2023 release of DietPi v8.14
comes with a new image for the Radxa ROCK 5B,
Odroid N2/HC4, Orange Pi 5 and a couple of
improvements and bug fixes.
# ⚓ Arduino ☛ This_3D-printed_robot_is_made_for_sumo_battle
tournaments⠀⇛
While the majority of makers are unable to afford
the fancy equipment and components that go into
modern state-of-the-art battle robots, there do
exist lesser-known tournaments for more DIY
designs, including sumo robot battles.
# ⚓ Computers Are Bad ☛ my_homelab⠀⇛
I have always found the term “homelab” a little
confusing. It’s a bit like the residential version
of “on-premises cloud,” in that it seems to
presuppose that a lab is the normal place that you
find computer equipment. Of course I get that
“homelab” is usually used by those who take pride
in the careful workmanship of their home
installation, and I am not one of those people.
Welcome to Computers Are Bad – in color.
Note: if you get this by email, the images may or
may not work right. We’re going to find out
together! I don’t plan to make a habit of including
images and they don’t look that good anyway, so I’m
not too worried about it.
# ⚓ Stacey on IoT ☛ Here’s_an_open_source_smart_home_energy
management_solution⠀⇛
On a recent Internet of Things Podcast episode, we
took a call from our podcast hotline about smart
home energy management. Thomas is looking for a
whole home energy management solution but he has a
specific requirement. He wants it to be open
source.
# ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ Make_a_Tide_Tracker_with_APIs_and_an_e-ink
display⠀⇛
Tides are predictable, but it’s still easy to lose
track of the times for high and low water. As a
result, you might pull up at high tide to find the
beach has disappeared… or at low tide, and found
your boat grounded. Put an end to that once and for
all with our handy tide tracker, which uses an API
to download tidal forecasts for more than 600
monitoring stations around the UK. The results
shouldn’t be used for navigation or other water-
borne activities, but they may be just what you
need to save yourself a wasted journey, or to keep
an eye on the tide cycles however far you live from
the coast.
# ⚓ uni Ghent ☛ Reverse_engineering_an_e-ink_display⠀⇛
The person who bought the pricetags wanted to use
them in a project, but didn’t find any
documentation on how to communicate with them to
display things on the screen. They donated three to
Zeus with the challenge to get communication
working and to draw something on the screen. This
is the perfect number of devices according to
bunnie’s book ‘The Hardware Hacker’ 1: [...]
# ⚓ Ken Shirriff ☛ Inside_the_amazingly_mechanical_Bendix
Central_Air_Data_Computer⠀⇛
Determining the airspeed and altitude of a fighter
plane is harder than you’d expect. At slower
speeds, pressure measurements can give the
altitude, air speed, and other “air data”. But as
planes approach the speed of sound, complicated
equations are needed to accurately compute these
values. The Bendix Central Air Data Computer (CADC)
solved this problem for military planes such as the
F-101 and the F-111 fighters, and the B-58 bomber.1
This electromechanical marvel was crammed full of
1955 technology: gears, cams, synchros, and
magnetic amplifiers. In this blog post I look
inside the CADC, describe the calculations it
performed, and explain how it performed these
calculations mechanically.
# ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Powered_Compute_Blade_Makes
the_Cut⠀⇛
We’ve been tracking this project since mid 2021,
and the time has been well spent. Ivan Kuleshov’s
Compute Blade is a thin PCB that packs a plethora
of storage options for your Raspberry Pi Compute
Module 4 (or compatible). Kuleshov’s kickstarter
has smashed its $522,209 funding goal, reaching
$673,365 at the time of writing.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Tom’s Guide ☛ The_OnePlus_11_is_now_the_best_Android_value
—_here’s_why_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛
# ⚓ The_Nokia_C12_is_a_Throwback_to_a_Lost_Era_of_Android_–
Phandroid⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Police ☛ Google’s_easing_up_on_the_Play_Store’s
app_stranglehold_with_Android_14⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gizmo China ☛ POCO_X3_GT_Grabs_MIUI_14_based_on_Android_13
Update⠀⇛
# ⚓ Ghacks ☛ Google’s_Android_Auto_8.8_is_available_for
download_now⠀⇛
# ⚓ India Times ☛ Android_Auto’s_new_user_interface_is
rolling_out_in_India:_Here’s_what_it’s_like_to_use_–_Times
of_India⠀⇛
# ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ How_to_fix_Android_Auto_GPS_or_Google
Assistant_not_responding⠀⇛
# ⚓ Lifewire ☛ How_to_Empty_Trash_on_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Lifewire ☛ What_Is_Android_System_WebView,_and_Is_It_Safe
to_Uninstall?⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# § Chromium⠀➾
# ⚓ Eric Hameleers ☛ Chromium_110_packages_for_Slackware_
(the_last_version_for_Slackware_14.2)⠀⇛
I have uploaded the packages for Google
Chromium 110.0.5481.77 as well as its un-
googled version.
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ Niko_Matsakis:_Return_type_notation_(send_bounds,
part_2)⠀⇛
In theprevious_post, I introduced the “send
bound” problem, which refers to the need to
add aSendbound to the future returned by an
async function. I want to start talking about
some of the ideas that have been floating
around for how to solve this problem. I
consider this a bit of an open problem, in
that I think we know a lot of the
ingredients, but there is a bit of a
“delicate balance” to finding the right
syntax and so forth. To start with, though, I
want to introduce Return Type Notation, which
is an idea that Tyler Mandry and I came up
with for referring to the type returned by a
trait method.
* § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾
o ⚓ Help_to_translate_LibreOffice_into_Saraiki!⠀⇛
LibreOffice is available in over 100 languages thanks to
the great work of our localisation communities.
* § FSF⠀➾
o ⚓ FSF ☛ I_Love_Free_Software_Day_is_here:_Share_your_love,
software,_and_a_video⠀⇛
The act of sharing takes effort because sharing anything
requires us to take time out of our day to share with
another person. It takes compassion because we must think
of others and what their wants and/or needs may be. It
also takes courage. This is because we must fight against
our own doubt, battling against any feelings of failure
or rejection. We must also courageously defend the
freedom to share, as Digital Restrictions Management
(DRM) and Service as a Software Substitute (SaaSS)
threaten to erode people’s ability and opportunities to
share, even among those living under the same roof.
* § Programming/Development⠀➾
o ⚓ Jussi Pakkanen ☛ Jussi_Pakkanen:_Plain_C_API_design,_the_real
world_Kobayashi_Maru_test⠀⇛
Designing APIs is hard. Designing good APIs that future
people will not instantly classify as “total crap” is
even harder. There are typically many competing
requirements such as:
# API stability
# ABI stability (if you are into that sort of thing,
some are not)
# Maximize the amount of functionality supported
# Minimize the number of functions exposed
# Make the API as easy as possible to use
# Make the API as difficult as possible to use
incorrectly (preferably it should be impossible)
# Make the API as easy as possible to use from
scripting languages
o ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Continuing_internationalization_integrated_into
easy.sfs⠀⇛
I posted about the abandonment of langpacks a couple of
days ago:
https://bkhome.org/news/202302/easysfs-internationalized-
langpack-pets-abandoned.html
The last couple of days there has been intense coding,
implementing the details internationalization integrated
into
easy.sfs, or as a single “nls.sfs”.
Changes to /usr/local/petget/installpkg.sh, major changes
to
/usr/local/momanager/momanager, and in woofQ changes to
2createpackages and 3buildeasydistro….
o ⚓ Anders Borch ☛ Svelte_Was_Made_By_Vue_Fans⠀⇛
I actually like the declarative feel of Svelte. I just
don’t like that it reminds me of a product which endorses
malware. I don’t think that is something to want to
emulate.
o ⚓ Reilly Tucker Siemens ☛ Parsing_TFTP_in_Rust⠀⇛
For those who don’t know, TFTP is the Trivial File
Transfer Protocol, a simple means of reading and writing
files over a network. Initially defined in the early 80s,
the protocol was updated by RFC 1350 in 1992. In this
post I’ll only cover RFC 1350. Extensions like RFC 2347,
which adds a 6th packet type, won’t be covered.
o ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ The_case_for_atomic_types_in_programming
languages⠀⇛
However, I feel that that the lie of atomic types is a
genuine improvement in almost all cases, because of the
increase in usability and safety. The problem with only
having atomic operations is the same as with optional
error checking; you have to remember to always use them,
even if the types you’re operating on can be used with
ordinary operations. As we all know, people can forget
this, or they can think that they’re clever enough to use
non-atomic operations in this one special circumstance
that is surely harmless.
o ⚓ Rachel ☛ More_than_five_whys_and_“layer_eight”_problems⠀⇛
Perhaps you’ve heard of the OSI model of networking,
where you have seven layers as a way to talk about what’s
going on in the “stack”. I’ve seen some brilliantly
snarky T-shirts that talk about “layer eight” and
sometimes beyond as things like “corporate politics” and
“management” and all of that good stuff.
It turns out that when you start doing this root-cause
analysis and really keep after it, the “squishy human
realm” is actually the no-longer-hypothetical “layer
eight” from those T-shirts.
o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ ChatGPT_Is_a_Blurry_JPEG_of_the_Web⠀⇛
This analogy to lossy compression is not just a way to
understand ChatGPT’s facility at repackaging information
found on the Web by using different words. It’s also a
way to understand the “hallucinations,” or nonsensical
answers to factual questions, to which large language
models such as ChatGPT are all too prone. These
hallucinations are compression artifacts, but—like the
incorrect labels generated by the Xerox photocopier—they
are plausible enough that identifying them requires
comparing them against the originals, which in this case
means either the Web or our own knowledge of the world.
When we think about them this way, such hallucinations
are anything but surprising; if a compression algorithm
is designed to reconstruct text after ninety-nine per
cent of the original has been discarded, we should expect
that significant portions of what it generates will be
entirely fabricated.
o ⚓ Vincent Bernat ☛ Building_a_SQL-like_language_to_filter_flows⠀⇛
Often, web interfaces expose a query builder to build
such filters. I think combining a SQL-like language with
an editor supporting completion, syntax highlighting, and
linting is a better approach.
The language parser is built with pigeon (Go) from a
parsing expression grammar—or PEG. The editor component
is CodeMirror (TypeScript).
o ⚓ Jussi Pakkanen ☛ Plain_C_API_design,_the_real_world_Kobayashi
Maru_test⠀⇛
Designing APIs is hard. Designing good APIs that future
people will not instantly classify as “total crap” is
even harder. There are typically many competing
requirements such as: [...]
o ⚓ Buttondown ☛ Maybe_people_do_care_about_performance_and
reliability⠀⇛
It’s well-established consensus that software is slower
and more bloated than it was 20, 40 years ago. One
explanation is that software engineers don’t care about
their work. Another is that it’s the interplay of a lot
of different factors and blaming it on apathetic devs is
a convenient way to avoid understanding the actual
problems.
o § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ Didier Stevens ☛ Update:_xor-kpa.py_Version_0.0.7⠀⇛
I added extra plaintexts for the modulus of Cobalt
Strike’s public RSA key. xor-kpa_V0_0_7.zip
(http)MD5: FB8155E56234648CC3AFFD890BFE9043SHA256:
069DCA2A1901D448DBF2CF202B5CE49846EFCBAACB73BF35B20AA085AAB31BA9
o § Rust⠀➾
# ⚓ Amos Wenger ☛ The_bottom_emoji_breaks_rust-analyzer⠀⇛
Some bugs are merely fun. Others are simply
delicious!
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Time_magazine_discusses_successful_tech_failures⠀⇛
VHS also offered longer record time per tape, which
contributed to its price and convenience. But that can’t
be the whole story either; Philips and Grundig had even
longer recording times with their double-sided Video 2000
cassettes, but they sold even fewer than Betamax.
It just goes to show that technical features are often
not at the forefront of purchasing decisions. Companies
and pundits forget this at their peril.
ByRuben_Schadein Sydney, 2023-02-14.
o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Have_More_Sex,_Please!⠀⇛
America is in the midst of a loneliness epidemic. One
solution: People should have more sex — as often as they
can, as pleasurably as they can.
o ⚓ Lawyers’_Solidarity_in_Earthquake_on_acts_of_violence_in
earthquake-hit_areas⠀⇛
Investigations should be started for perpetrators or
suspects of torture immediately, say the lawyers who
group under the initiative called Lawyers’ Solidarity in
Earthquake.
o ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ WATCH:_The_Magic_Words_#SolutionsWatch⠀⇛
The magic words can open doors that you didn’t even know
were there. They can help you skirt the censors and the
fact checkers. They can unlock minds and take your
research to a whole new level. S
o ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Years_of_negligence_and_cronyism_underpin
devastating_earthquake_toll_in_Turkey⠀⇛
The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria a
week ago, and the powerful aftershock that followed, have
left at least 30,000 people dead.
o ⚓ France24 ☛ Syria’s_Assad_requests_UN_help_as_total_quake_deaths
surpass_35,000⠀⇛
The rescue phase following the earthquakes in Turkey and
Syria on February 6 is “coming to a close” with urgency
now switching to providing shelter and food to survivors,
United Nations aid chief Martin Griffiths said during a
visit to Aleppo on Monday. Syrian President Bashar al-
Assad asked for international aid for reconstruction at a
meeting with Griffiths as the total death toll surpassed
35,000.
o ⚓ Barry W Jones ☛ The_Time_I_Accidentally_Ended_Up_Combating_Fraud
for_a_Year⠀⇛
Lately, I’ve been spending a lot of time enjoying the
Darknet Diaries podcast and it’s compelled me to finally
share the entire story of the most intense year of my 20
year professional career. I was the sole developer hired
by a company going through a circus-like ownership
transition while criminals actively worked to defraud the
300,000 users of this 14 year old, high end marketplace.
We experienced late nights, numerous technical
challenges, worked with abuse response teams, learned a
lot of lessons about phishing and fraud, high emotions,
death threats and at least one person lost a business
that depended on the site. Here’s the story from start to
finish, including how to prevent many of these problems
on your own site. Buckle up.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ CNN ☛ Hubble_captures_mysterious_‘spokes’_gliding_across
Saturn’s_rings⠀⇛
The Hubble Space Telescope captured images of a
mysterious show playing out on Saturn’s rings —
ghostly, fleeting “spokes” that appear to move
along the planet’s rings. And scientists can’t yet
explain why the phenomena happen.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ Scholars_discuss_approaches_to_university
historical_projects⠀⇛
Historians, scholars and community members gathered
Feb. 10 at the Michigan League for a panel
discussion about how universities should best
facilitate large-scale projects that reexamine
their pasts.
# ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ Zim_govt_established_computer_labs_at_over_1100
schools_in_2022,_election_season_is_wild⠀⇛
To be honest, that doesn’t sound impressive. There
are close to 10,000 schools in Zimbabwe and more
are being established at a rate of 300 per year
apparently. So, to hear that a program that
commenced in 2019 has equipped 32 schools with
solar panels does not sound impressive.
However, when you consider that we are talking
about thousands of students benefitting, you
appreciate it a little more. Should we have done
more? Probably, but it’s something I guess.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_Teens_Recovered_From_the_‘TikTok
Tics’⠀⇛
A wave of teenagers who developed tics during the
pandemic has receded, illustrating the powerful
influence of stress on the body and the resilience
of adolescents.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_G.O.P.’s_Long_War_Against_Medicare_and
Social_Security⠀⇛
Biden isn’t playing gotcha; there’s a lot of
history here.
# ⚓ Axios ☛ Congress_braces_for_first_GOP-led_investigation
into_COVID_vaccines⠀⇛
Congress is venturing into unknown and potentially
explosive territory with the first House GOP-led
investigation intoCOVID-19_vaccines.
Why it matters:It’s expected to be a showdown
across the spectrum of views on vaccine safety and
efficacy,
# ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_Hospital_Authority_to
offer_digital_sick_leave_certificates⠀⇛
The Hospital Authority (HA) is to begin issuing
digital medical certificates from March 6, as an
alternative to hand-written paper sick leave notes.
# ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ The_Future_of_Long_COVID⠀⇛
o § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Apple_updates_iOS,_iPadOS_to_fix_flaw_being
exploited_in_the_wild⠀⇛
The WebKit bug was not credited but Apple
acknowledged the assistance of the University of
Toronto’s Citizen Lab.
Contacted for comment, Satnam Narang, senior staff
research engineer at security firm Tenable, said:
“Apple released fixes to address a WebKit flaw
across its iOS, iPadOS, macOS and Safari browsers.
“The flaw, which is a type confusion bug, can be
exploited when encountering maliciously crafted Web
content through browsers that leverage WebKit,
which doesn’t just include Safari, but also Mail,
Apple’s App Store along with many other
applications that use WebKit for displaying rich
web content.
“The vulnerability has been exploited in the wild,
but details remain scant. More often than not,
these types of vulnerabilities that are disclosed
through patches are found by researchers through
targeted attacks.
“We have not yet seen widespread exploitation of
these types of flaws in the wild. Even with the
less likely exposure, it’s still advisable for
users to apply the latest patches as a good cyber
hygiene practice.”
# ⚓ Dedoimedo ☛ Windows_11_–_A_year_and_a_half_later,_still
meh⠀⇛
It’s been a year since I last “blogged” about
Windows 11. Yeah, for most of the last year, I
simply didn’t care enough to bother using my test
instance of this operating system, for this or that
purpose, or to write any content, for that matter.
I let it be, completely apathetic to its look, its
appeal, and the future prospect and impact for the
wider Windows audience.
Back in the day, I had tweaked the test machine to
my liking – I neutered 99% of the Windows 11
annoyances, set the system with Open-Shell, removed
a bunch of modern, low-IQ stuff, and then shelved
it, as there is really no point or advantage to
Windows 11, whatsoever, over its immediate
predecessor, and also any other past version of
Windows. A few days ago, I decided to power on the
triple-boot IdeaPad laptop, chose 11 in the boot
menu, let it load, let it update, run a few checks,
and then wrote this piece. After me.
# ⚓ Jay Little ☛ ChatGPT:_Far_More_Hype_Than_Substance⠀⇛
Much text has been written in recent weeks on the
topic of the ChatGPT chat bot, its forthcoming
integration into Bing and how it will change the
world as we know it. While the commentary has run
the entire gamut of possible responses, most of it
is definitely more hype based than anything else.
Today the hype dies.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ Can_Linux_Get_Viruses?_Exploring_the
Vulnerability_of_Linux_Systems⠀⇛
# ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Russian_hackers_claim_responsibility_for
disrupting_NATO_earthquake_relief_efforts⠀⇛
Russian government-linked hacking group Killnet has
claimed responsibility for distributed denial-of-
service attacks that disrupted North Atlantic
Treaty Organization earthquake relief operations in
Turkey and Syria. An earthquake with a magnitude of
7.8 struck the region on Feb. 6, causing widespread
damage and death.
⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ California_lawmaker_seeks_to_end_to_‘reverse_warrants’
that_could_pinpoint_abortion_seekers⠀⇛
Lawmakers say the overly broad surveillance tool poses a major threat
to reproductive privacy.
⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ New_cybercrime_group_calling_itself_DarkBit_attacks
Israeli_university⠀⇛
It’s not yet clear who is behind the group, but the name could have
connections to other ransomware variants such as DarkSide and
LockBit.
⚓ Security Week ☛ City_of_Oakland_Hit_by_Ransomware_Attack⠀⇛
The City of Oakland, California, on Friday announced that it was
forced to take some systems offline after falling victim to a
ransomware attack.
The cyberattack, the city’s administration says in an incident
notification, started on Wednesday night and led to network outages
as a result of systems being disconnected from the internet.
While voicemail and other non-emergency services are experiencing
interruptions or have been taken offline, no critical or emergency
services, such as 911 and fire departments, have been impacted.
Oakland’s IT team is currently working with the authorities to
investigate the incident and restore the affected services, but no
information has been provided on when the impacted systems will be
fully functional.
⚓ Security Week ☛ 3.3_Million_Impacted_by_Ransomware_Attack_at_California
Healthcare_Provider⠀⇛
The personally identifiable information (PII) and protected health
information (PHI) of more than 3.3 million individuals was stolen in
a ransomware attack at California healthcare provider Regal Medical
Group.
The incident took place on December 1, 2022, but was discovered only
a week later, and impacted the Regal Medical Group and affiliates
Lakeside Medical Organization, Affiliated Doctors of Orange County
and Greater Covina Medical Group.
* § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
o ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Study_finds_data_brokers_are_selling_Americans’
mental_health_data⠀⇛
A study released today explains that data brokers in the
U.S. are selling long lists of people who suffer from
various mental health conditions.
⚓ ACLU ☛ How_to_Pump_the_Brakes_on_Your_Police_Department’s_Use_of_Flock’s_Mass
Surveillance_License_Plate_Readers⠀⇛
§ Defence/Aggression⠀➾
* ⚓ France24 ☛ US_military_says_it_recovered_sensors_from_Chinese_spy
balloon⠀⇛
The US military said on Monday it had recovered critical
electronics from the suspected Chinese spy balloon downed by a
US fighter jet off South Carolina’s coast on February 4,
including key sensors presumably used for intelligence
gathering.
* ⚓ The Strategist ☛ The_absurd_irony_of_Putin’s_invocation_of_Stalingrad⠀⇛
Russian President Vladimir Putin’s address in Volgograd on 2
February, in which he sought to draw moral parallels between
the heroic Soviet defence of Stalingrad in World War II and the
current Russian invasion…
* ⚓ CNN ☛ Pentagon_memo_says_object_shot_down_over_Canada_was_a_‘small,
metallic_balloon’⠀⇛
* ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ War_Certainly_Is_A_Racket⠀⇛
Iain Davis In 1935, Major General Smedley Butler’s seminal book
“War Is A Racket” warned of the dangers of the US military-
industrial complex, more than 25 years before the outgoing US
President Eisenhower implored the world to “guard against” the
same thing. One of the most decorated soldiers in US military
history, Butler knew what …
* ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ US_rejects_accusation_that_it_flies_spy_balloons
over_China;_still_in_dark_over_mystery_flying_objects⠀⇛
The White House responded Monday to growing and at times
fevered speculation over the shooting down of unidentified
aerial objects by saying the targets could be anything from
commercial craft to espionage devices, while denying that US
balloons spy on China.
* ⚓ CNN ☛ Analyst_thinks_this_is_why_more_unidentified_objects_are_being
spotted⠀⇛
CNN national security analyst Juliette Kayyem says US air
surveillance has increased after the suspected Chinese balloon
was shot down.
* ⚓ CNN ☛ Mauling_of_Russian_forces_in_Donetsk_hotspot_may_signal_problems
to_come_for_Moscow⠀⇛
The scenes are chaotic: Russian tanks veering wildly before
exploding or driving straight into minefields, men running in
every direction, some on fire, the bodies of soldiers caught in
tank tracks.
* ⚓ CNN ☛ Dramatic_video_appears_to_show_heavy_losses_among_Russian_armored
formations⠀⇛
The eastern front has seen some of the heaviest fightings in
Ukraine. Ukrainian and Russian sources say that the Russian
mechanized brigade trying to push through the town of Vuhledar
saw significant losses recently. CNN’s David McKenzie has more.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S.-China_Tensions_Rise_Over_Spy_Programs_Amid_UFO
Investigations⠀⇛
The Biden administration is looking into mysterious U.F.O.
encounters and pushing back against China over accusations of
widespread espionage.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ What_Is_NORAD,_the_Organization_That_Helps_Defend_U.S.
and_Canadian_Airspace⠀⇛
The plane was part of NORAD, a defense organization operated
jointly by the U.S. and Canada.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ What_We_Know_About_the_Objects_Shot_Down_in_the_U.S.
and_Canada⠀⇛
Here is what we know about the objects as well as the Chinese
spy balloon that were taken down this month.
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ A_Spy_Balloon_and_a_Reporting_Trip_to_China,_Up_in_the
Air⠀⇛
A Times diplomatic correspondent was looking forward to a trip
back to Beijing, until an international crisis erupted.
* ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ U.S._should_be_held_accountable_for_explosion_of_the
Nord_Stream_pipelines⠀⇛
It is widely known that on September 27, 2022, Nord Stream AG
reported unprecedented damage that occurred the day before on
three strings of the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 offshore
gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea. On September 26, Swedish
seismologists registered two explosions on the pipeline routes.
* ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ The_IOR_Power_Play:_Finding_a_Balance_for_Pakistan⠀⇛
The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) is currently experiencing a
significant transformation, which is the result of the complex
interplay of international relations, particularly economic and
strategic interests.
* ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ French_army_officers_do_not_want_to_fight_against
Russia⠀⇛
The French Internet site “Place-armes.fr” conducted a survey
among its readers – army officers – about the Ukrainian crisis
and a possible war against Russia. They explain: “From November
1 to December 13, 2022, we conducted a survey, by mail and on
our website.
* ⚓ Reason ☛ Who_Needs_Hackers_When_You_Have_Balloons?⠀⇛
Episode 442 of the Cyberlaw Podcast
* ⚓ France24 ☛ Israel_authorises_nine_West_Bank_outposts,_despite_US
opposition⠀⇛
Israel granted retroactive authorisation on Sunday to nine
Jewish settler outposts in the occupied West Bank and
announced mass-construction of new homes within established
settlements, moves likely to draw US admonition.
* ⚓ France24 ☛ Palestinian_president_urges_world_puts_a_‘stop_to_Israeli
aggression’_amid_Arab_League_split⠀⇛
Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas on Sunday accused Israel of
having “crossed all red lines” in the occupied West Bank and
east Jerusalem, and urged world leaders to put an end to its
actions.
* ⚓ Meduza ☛ Mayor_of_Russian-leased_Kazakhstani_city_of_Baikonur_offers
residents_$3,500_each_to_fight_in_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The mayor of Baikonur, the city in Kazakhstan that Russia is
leasing along with the cosmodrome of the same name, has signed
a decree authorizing one-time payments of 260,000 rubles (about
$3,500) to residents who fight in the war against Ukraine
either as draftees or as volunteers.
* ⚓ Meduza ☛ Senior_law_enforcement_official,_fired_from_Interior_Ministry
last_month,_found_dead_outside_Moscow_—_Meduza⠀⇛
TASS and another media source report that Major General
Vladimir Makarov, the former deputy director of the Interior
Ministry’s Center for Combating Extremism, was found dead in
the village of Golikovo outside Moscow. This information is not
yet officially confirmed.
* ⚓ Meduza ☛ A_promise_unfulfilled_Scholar_Sasha_de_Vogel_explains_why
Russia_lacks_massive_antiwar_protests_—_Meduza⠀⇛
* ⚓ RFERL ☛ Hungarian_Foreign_Minister_Visits_Minsk_Ahead_Of_EU
Consideration_Of_Further_Sanctions⠀⇛
* ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Russia-Ukraine_War_2.0:_First_Tanks,_Then_F16s._Where_Does
This_End?⠀⇛
* ⚓ AntiWar ☛ When_the_US_Assumed_Joint_Ownership_of_the_War_in_Ukraine⠀⇛
§ Environment⠀➾
* ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Myanmar’s_arrested_environmental_activism⠀⇛
In the two years since the military coup in February 2021,
Myanmar’s natural environment has deteriorated as the embryonic
legal and regulatory regime that was emerging during the decade
of political and economic reforms…
* ⚓ France24 ☛ Cyclone_Gabrielle_pounds_northern_New_Zealand_with_strong
winds_and_rain⠀⇛
Around 58,000 homes are without power in New Zealand’s upper
North Island on Monday as the approach of
Cyclone Gabrielle brings strong winds, heavy rain and huge
swells to Auckland and nearby regions.
* § Energy/Transportation⠀➾
o ⚓ Reason ☛ Electric_Truck_Manufacturer_Featured_in_Super_Bowl_Ad
Got_$186_Million_in_Taxpayer_Subsidies⠀⇛
Stellantis, one of the largest automakers on the planet
with billions in cash on hand, got a generous handout
from the state of Indiana for choosing to build its
battery manufacturing plant there.
o ⚓ Quartz ☛ Europe_has_spent_more_than_$800_billion_shielding
citizens_from_the_energy_crisis⠀⇛
* § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
o ⚓ The Revelator ☛ Klamath_Countdown:_Researchers_Hustle_Before
Largest_Dam-Removal_Project_Begins⠀⇛
To anticipate the impacts of a historic river
restoration, we need to understand how salmon, bats,
insects, algae and other parts of the ecosystem are
behaving today.
o ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Covid_gave_Hong_Kong’s_pink_dolphins_their
habitat_back,_but_risk_from_cross-border_ferries_has_returned,_says
WWF⠀⇛
The resumption of cross-border ferry services between
Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China could place Hong
Kong’s declining pink dolphin population at increased
risk, an environmental group has warned.
§ Finance⠀➾
* ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Faced_with_possible_delisting,_Rigetti_Computing_lays
off_staff_and_updates_technology_roadmap⠀⇛
Quantum computing firm Rigetti Computing Inc. today said it
will lay off 28% of its staff after replacing its chief
technology and financial officers.
⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Twilio_lets_go_17%_of_employees_in_latest_workforce
reduction⠀⇛
Twilio Inc. today announced that it will let go 17% of its employees
in an effort to lower costs. The layoffs come four months after an
earlier round of job cuts that saw the company reduce its headcount
by 11%. The move left Twilio with about 8,176 staffers, it disclosed
in November.
⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Paxos_ordered_to_stop_issuing_Binance_stablecoin_by_NY
regulator⠀⇛
The New York Department of Financial Services, the top finance
regulator of New York, today ordered Paxos Trust Co. LLC to cease
issuing new Binance USD stablecoins.
⚓ Axios ☛ Layoffs_take_their_toll_on_tech’s_most_interesting_projects⠀⇛
⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Google’s_YouTube_Music_Workers_Are_on_Strike⠀⇛
⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Why_Are_Layoffs_Contagious?⠀⇛
§ AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
* ⚓ Engadget ☛ TikTok_creators_might_soon_put_some_videos_behind_a
paywall⠀⇛
* ⚓ France24 ☛ Italy’s_right-wing_coalition_wins_landslide_victory_in
regional_elections⠀⇛
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and her coalition allies
secured emphatic election wins in the two wealthiest regions of
the country on Monday, strengthening the right’s grip on power
amid growing voter apathy.
* ⚓ JURIST ☛ Georgia_judge_allows_release_of_portions_of_2020_election
interference_grand_jury_report⠀⇛
A Georgia Superior Court judge Monday issued an order directing
the release of three portions of a Georgia special purpose
grand jury’s report regarding alleged 2020 general election
interference on February 16.
* ⚓ Engadget ☛ Twitter_delays_API_changes_again,_this_time_‘by_a_few_more
days’⠀⇛
* ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Trump’s_National_Security_Adviser_Responded_to_an
Attack_on_the_Capitol_by_Sending_Personal_Tweets⠀⇛
Robert O’Brien claims to remember virtually nothing about what
he did on January 6. I’m sure that’s among the things that Jack
Smith would like to question him about.
* ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Alex_Saab:_The_Businessman_Inside_the_DEA_Informant
Inside_the_Claimed_Venezuelan_Diplomat_Inside_the_Alleged_Putin_“Laundry
Man”⠀⇛
In testimony last August, Robert O’Brien suggested that a
Colombian extradited on money laundering charges to the US in
2021 is “Vladimir Putin’s laundry man.”
* ⚓ CNN ☛ With_Twitter_upended_by_Musk,_these_services_see_an_opportunity⠀⇛
After Sarah Oh lost her job as a human rights advisor at
Twitter late last year in the first round of layoffs following
Elon Musk’s chaotic acquisition of the company, she decided to
join a friend in building a rival service.
* § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾
o ⚓ CNN ☛ Realistic_newscasts_feature_AI-generated_anchors
disparaging_the_US⠀⇛
CNN’s Selina Wang investigates the campaign of anti-US
deepfake newscasts sent out by pro-China bot accounts on
Twitter and Facebook, though their origin is unknown.
o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Disinformation_Researchers_Raise_Alarms_About
A.I._Chatbots⠀⇛
Researchers used ChatGPT to produce clean, convincing
text that repeated conspiracy theories and misleading
narratives.
§ Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
* ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_Censoring_of_an_Iranian_American_Artist⠀⇛
How have we forgotten that art needn’t defer to religion?
* ⚓ Reason ☛ Can_the_Feds_Prosecute_Douglass_Mackey_for_His_Twitter
Trolling?⠀⇛
Because of a series of misleading memes, a troll has been
charged with conspiracy “to injure, oppress, threaten and
intimidate one or more persons in the free exercise and
enjoyment of a right and privilege secured to them by the
Constitution and laws of the United States.”
* ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Arkansas_Proposes_Requiring_ID_to_Watch_Porn
Online⠀⇛
After a similar bill became law in Louisiana last month, seven
more states have introduced copycat legislation that force
users to show identification.
§ Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
* ⚓ CPJ ☛ CPJ_joins_calls_to_establish_independent_investigative_mechanism
for_accountability_in_human_rights_violations_in_Belarus⠀⇛
§ Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
* ⚓ CNN ☛ Ron_DeSantis’_latest_salvo_against_diversity⠀⇛
In January, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis announced plans to ban
the College Board’s Advanced Placement African American studies
pilot course in his state, saying that the curriculum had a
political agenda. The College Board has since revised the
course amid a storm of controversy — and strong evidence that
DeSantis’ administration had a direct influence on the decision
to gut it. The outcome, sadly, has meant diminished national
education standards for this vitally important coursework.
* ⚓ ‘Beyond_Rhetoric’_project_works_to_fight_racism_in_Genesee_County⠀⇛
Flint-area leaders and public health researchers, including a
UM-Flint faculty member, students and U-M’s Poverty Solutions,
are sharing their process for responding to racism as a public
health crisis.
* ⚓ HRW ☛ Myanmar:_Political_Parties_Law_Shackles_Opposition⠀⇛
§ Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
* ⚓ APNIC ☛ Studying_the_conformance_of_MANRS_members⠀⇛
§ Monopolies⠀➾
* ⚓ Kluwer Patent Blog ☛ “Nivolumab_and_pembrolizumab_cases”:_the_French
Supreme_Court_clarifies_the_interpretation_of_Article_3_of_the_SPC
Regulation⠀⇛
In a decision rendered on February 1st, 2023, the French
Supreme Court (“Cour de cassation”) overturned the decisions of
the Paris Court of Appeal which had confirmed the rejections by
the French PTO (“INPI”) of the supplementary protection
certificate (“SPC”) applications for nivolumab and
pembrolizumab.
* ⚓ Quartz ☛ Apple_is_trying_to_avoid_a_possible_EU_fine_of_$39_billion⠀⇛
* § Patents⠀➾
o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ AI_and_Inventorship_–_USPTO_Request
for_Comments [Ed: "Hey Hi" drama at USPTO; as if this could not be
done decades ago.]⠀⇛
o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Standing_to_Challenge_Inventorship
[Ed: Conflating patents with "Inventorship"]⠀⇛
Krzysztof Sywula’s story has some thematic elements of
the Netflix Glass Onion show. As he tells it, Sywula was
at the Santorini Island Grill with Alexis DaCosta &
Vincent Coletti talking about creating an improved app
for ride sharing. During one of the meetings, Sywula
apparently sketched-out a diagram on a napkin that he
gave to DaCosta and that eventually served as a basis for
the patent filings in this case. The parties continued
to work together for several more years with Sywula
eventually becoming the CTO. Then came the patenting.
Sywula was excluded from being listed as an inventor on
the patents, including US11087250 and US11087252; and
that was upsetting.
* § Copyrights⠀➾
o ⚓ New York Times ☛ This_Tool_Could_Protect_Artists_From_A.I._Image
Generators [Ed: Plagiarism in "HEY HI" clothing]⠀⇛
Artists want to be able to post their work online without
the fear “of feeding this monster” that could replace
them.
o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ GitHub,_Electronic_Frontier_Foundation_File
Amicus_Briefs_in_Yout-RIAA_Legal_Battle [Ed: EFF working with
Microsoft proprietary monopoly. It should instead issue a call to
boycott it. GitHub is a copyright/copyleft violation monster.]⠀⇛
§ Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
* § Personal⠀➾
o ⚓ 2023_Week_6:_Status_and_Photos⠀⇛
Rob’s Capsule has been fairly quiet in the last week as
other projects, both real and virtual, have taken
priority. I am still here, however, and I have no
intentions of stopping updates anytime soon.
* § Technical⠀➾
o ⚓ A_FreeBSD_Post_Installation_Script⠀⇛
So I wrote a FreeBSD post-installation script that tunes
the system for desktop use and downloads some essential
packages and sets up a nice looking icewm session for the
user to enjoy.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ The_mysterious_black_behemoths
controlling_our_galaxies⠀⇛
By Anthony King It was only last year that
astronomers were finally able to unveil the first
pictures of the supermassive black hole at the
centre of our Milky Way galaxy. But you couldn’t
actually see the black hole itself, not directly.
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