𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Tuesday, November 22, 2022
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Generated Wed 23 Nov 02:42:00 GMT 2022
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
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Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/11/22/
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Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
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╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ Buy Nothing This Coming Friday | Techrights
⦿ From About 2-3 Blog Posts Per Day to Not Even One Per Day (After Covering Up for ’Good’ EPO Under António Campinos) | Techrights
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Monday, November 21, 2022 | Techrights
⦿ Klaus Grabinski Expressing Support for Software Patents in Violation of the European Patent Convention (and Common Sense) | Techrights
⦿ Kangaroo Tribunal For Xmas? Santa Klaus Grabinski Breaking the Law, Crushing Constitutions, Violating International Conventions For Personal (Financial) Gain... Again | Techrights
⦿ [Meme] Full Support for an Illegal ’Legal’ System From the Patent Litigation Industry | Techrights
⦿ Nokia and Airbus Elected as Judges at the Unified Patent Court, an Unheard of Corruption of Justice | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/buy-nothing-day/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/epo-censors-critics/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/irc-log-211122/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/klaus-grabinski-and-swpats/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/klaus-grabinski-vs-international-law/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/meme-full-support-for-an-illegal-legal-system-from-the-patent-litigation-industry/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/unified-patent-court-a-hijacked-court/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/alpine-linux-3-17/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/release-of-dietpi-8-11/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 66
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/buy-nothing-day/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/11/22/buy-nothing-day/
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✐ Buy_Nothing_This_Coming_Friday⠀✐
Posted in Finance at 9:15 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
“Buy Nothing Day” Black Friday has mostly polluted ‘Linux’ sites with mindless
marketing spam (it’s just Tuesday and it’s already happening)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Capitalist and communist: Buys unnecessary stuff to impress
the authorities; Impresses the authorities to get necessary stuff⦈
Summary: Friday is “Buy Nothing Day”; remember that needless consumption isn’t
something to be envied or applauded but the exact_opposite
Internal articles of interest: My_Year_as_a_Digital_Vegan_—Part_IX—_Hard
Reckonings:_The_Nine_Circles_of_E-Waste
Links of interest:
* ⚓ [Old] Social_media_says_not_to_Black_Friday_with_“Buy_Nothing_Day”⠀⇛
In backlash to the chaos of ‘Black Friday’, consumers are
taking to social media to fight back against the spending day.
Using the hashtag #buynothingday, consumers are boycotting the
post-Thanksgiving shopping day, where retailers infamously cut
prices in order to free up space for holiday merchandise and
rack up sales. The “Buy Nothing Day’ campaign is now in its
24th year.
Buy Nothing Day encourages consumers to not spend anything for
24 hours, and instead, use the time and energy to spend time
with friends and family. The pointed campaign now exists in 60
countries.
* ⚓ [Old] Your_Non-Shopping_Shopping_List:_Buy_Nothing_and_Still_Get_What
You_Need_on_Black_Friday⠀⇛
This is not to say that it’s never ok to want or need things –
I myself am an object enthusiast. But it is an opportunity to
re-evaluate how much and what we buy, and think about
alternative ways of accessing them beyond buying new all the
time.
So here are 7 activities for you to try on Buy Nothing Day this
year that can be carried over into your year-round relationship
with things (jump to a section: declutter, swap, repair, make,
borrow, bake, donate).
* ⚓ Kauf-nix-Tag_2022:_An_diesem_Samstag_kaufen_wir_nichts!⠀⇛
* ⚓ Kauf-nix-Tag_2022:_Wann_ist_der_Buy_Nothing_Day_in_diesem_Jahr?_|
Südwest_Presse_Online⠀⇛
* ⚓ 26_november_2022:_Niet-winkeldag_Buy_nothing_day⠀⇛
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⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⣁⠀⠀⡇⢈⠄⠐⠄⠐⠀⣹⢄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⣷⡷⢶⠶⠿⠶⠶⠷⠶⡶⠶⡶⠶⡶⠶⠶⠾⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠛⠻⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣿⣷⠀⡆⠀⠀⢐⣿⠀⠘⠀⠀⡆⢰⠀⠀⡇⡆⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⡆⢸⠀⡂⠐⢾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⣄⣠⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣤⣦⣤⣧⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣦⣤⣤⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣤⣤⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡴⠟⠷⣶⣤⣾⣿⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⡎⠀⢸⡇⠠⢼⠐⣶⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣧⣄⣼⣧⣤⣼⣬⣽⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⡏⠘⢸⠀⠍⢀⢹⠠⠍⠀⡉⠀⡉⠀⠋⠈⢩⠈⣸⡏⠈⣥⠀⡅⡇⠁⠠⠁⢼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣇⣀⣸⣀⣃⣀⣸⣀⣋⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣿⣏⣂⣼⣀⣇⣃⣄⣸⣀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 179
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/epo-censors-critics/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/11/22/epo-censors-critics/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.22.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ From_About_2-3_Blog_Posts_Per_Day_to_Not_Even_One_Per_Day_(After_Covering_Up
for_‘Good’_EPO_Under_António_Campinos)⠀✐
Posted in Europe, Patents at 10:07 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
If blogs don’t cover what people care about and what needs to be said, writers
and readers will go elsewhere
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Meme_of_chocolate_gorilla:_Blogs_2009_-_2020⦈_
With just over a month left in the year:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇IP_Kat_archives_with_just_over_a_month_left_in_the_year⦈_
Summary: While it’s totally debatable whether the problem is IP Kat’s deletion
of comments critical of António_Campinos (among other such factors after
pressure from the EPO [1-7]) or blogs in general perishing, this blog certainly
peaked when it covered EPO scandals (864 blog posts in 2015 and 879 in 2014 —
the highest ever in the blog’s almost-20-year history)
Luis has new_reputation-laundering priorities:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇António Campinos: I will silence your critics like I
silenced my critics at IP Kat, using blackmail tactics; Klaus Grabinski: Sounds
good, mein master⦈
IP Kat and Censorship:
at_the_EPO
Expected_in_the_Wake_of_UPC_Panic
Apparent,_Even_Before_Germany_Halted_Ratification
the_EPO’s_Image_to_Protecting_the_UPC?
Does_Not_Share/Accept_(Updated)
Unwarranted_Censorship_at_IP_Kat_(Again)
Articles)_Even_Merpel_Throws_in_the_Towel
⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠄⠒⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠓⠒⠒⠴⢬⣰⣿⣯⠀⠠⣛⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⣤⣤⡀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠔⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠠⠔⠒⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠒⠠⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠔⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢀⡤⠒⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⢳⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⢀⠗⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⢀⠎⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠟⢣⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢆⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⡎⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿
⡏⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⠀⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿
⡇⠰⡇⠀⠄⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⣾⠀⣆⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢹⣿
⣿⣄⢹⣾⢃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⣼⠃⠀⣿⡀⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣆⠀⠃⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿
⠟⠙⠀⢻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡼⠃⠀⠀⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠬⢿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⣼⣿
⠀⠀⠇⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣴⡂⣆⣿⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣷⣶⡿⠋⠂⠐⠀⣠⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢀⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢧⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⣴⠊⠀⣨⣿⣿⡯⠄⠀⡼⠋⣻
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢀⡼⠁⠀⠌
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢰⣶⢶⡄⢰⣶⠀⢠⣶⢶⣄⢀⣴⢶⣦⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⠀⣴⠶⣦⡀⣴⡶⣦⡀⣴⡶⣶⣄⣹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⣶⢦⣄⢠⣶⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣠⣦⢀⣴⢶⣄⠀⠀
⠀⢸⣷⣼⡃⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢈⣉⠈⢿⣦⣍⠀⠀⠉⣠⡿⠁⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⠉⣿⠀⢸⣿⣼⣟⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⠀⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣀⢸⣿⣸⡿⠸⣿⣸⣿⠀⣶⣈⣿⠀⠀⣰⣟⣁⠀⣿⣇⣿⠇⣿⡷⣿⣇⣬⣍⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣀⢸⣿⣸⡿⢸⣿⣸⣿⠰⣷⣹⣿⠛⠛⣽⣟⣀⠸⣿⣸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢠⣭⢹⣿⠀⠀
⣀⣈⣉⣉⣁⣈⣉⣉⣀⣉⣉⣁⣀⣉⣉⣉⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⣀⣉⣉⣉⣀⣈⣉⣉⣸⣿⣯⣍⣈⣛⣿⣭⣀⣀⣿⣀⣈⣉⣉⣁⣈⣉⣉⣀⣉⣉⣁⣀⣉⣉⣉⣀⣉⣉⣁⣀⣀⣉⣉⣉⣀⣉⣉⣁⣀⣈⣉⣀⣉⣉⣁⣀⣀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠤⠤⠄⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠔⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠑⠒⠤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣦⣤⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠠⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠔⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠢⢄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⠂⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠂⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠔⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡆⠀⠀⠀⢠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠢⡀⠀⠀⠀
⠃⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣸⣯⣴⣿⠀⠀⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢄⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢠⠃⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣼⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣦⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠆⠀
⠀⠀⡸⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠛⠇⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠀⡆⠀⠀⢀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡀
⠀⠀⡇⠀⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧
⣆⠀⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻
⠋⠀⢱⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠙⡛⢋⡇⢉⢛⠻⠟⣿⣿⣿⣯⣏⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⠀⠀⠘⡆⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣧⣐⡌⢁⣌⠄⠐⡀⠙⡻⣿⣇⠅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾
⠀⠀⠀⠱⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡼⠁⠉⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣀⣯⣞⠂⠈⠉⠵⣿⣯⢜⠀⠏⠫⣼⡿⠃⣿⣿⡿⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠜⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠻⣿⣛⡻⣸⠁⡳⣆⣀⠠⢂⣤⠶⠋⠣⣼⣿⡟⣣⠞⣱⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢠⣤⣤⡄⢨⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⡅⢀⣤⢤⣄⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠒⠤⢀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠕⠃⠧⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠤⢀⡹⠝⠋⠀⠰⠿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣇⣼⠇⢸⣿⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⡯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⣼⡟⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠒⠠⠤⠄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠠⠤⠤⠒⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣦⣌⡙⠻
⠀⢸⡏⢹⣷⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠿⣿⣨⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⢹⣿⢀⣼⠟⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡉⠛⠿⢿
⠀⠘⠛⠛⠋⠘⠛⠛⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠙⠛⠙⠋⠙⠛⠻⠿⣿⡛⠛⠛⠃⠈⠛⠛⠃⠘⠛⠛⠃⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠓⠦⢤
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀
⣄⠀⢠⣶⡶⠒⠶⣶⡄⠀⠠⠶⠖⠒⠲⠶⢢⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⢶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣦⣖⣀⣢⣂⣞⣮⣧⢀⣠⣣⣰⣂⣨⣆⣃⣢⣀⣪⠂⣂⢐⣄⣢⣘⣕⣕⣀⣶⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⠛⡿⢛⠟⢻⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠉⠋⠋⠉⡍⢋⡍⢩⡿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣏⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣀⣧⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣤⣦⣤⣬⣥⣦⣧⣼⣧⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣇⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣸⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡄⠀⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⡄⡄⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠈⠈⠀⠀⠁⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡏⡉⠋⠛⠙⢻⢛⠉⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠛⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠒⠚⠚⠛⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠈⠀⠀⠊⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠠⠤⣶⣿⣿⣿⠤⠤⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⣠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣷⠔⡇⢸⠀⠀⢀⠈⠘
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣙⠀⠀⣾⠟⠀⠀⠺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠰⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⡫⢹⠋⢹⠉⡏⢹⡫⣿⣿⣶⣄⡁⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⢋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠷⡷⢾⠶⠷⢾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⣴⡄⠀⠀⢀⣰⣿⡆⠀⠀⡀⠁⠐⠚⠀⠀⠚⠀⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣇⣸⣃⣘⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣤⣬⣧⡀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢹⢹⢹⠉⡏⢉⡏⢹⡩⡍⡏⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⠻⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⡿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠙⠻⢿⣆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠉⡊⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠒⠈⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⡿⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣇⢀⣹⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⡏⢸⣧⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⠘⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣉⣠⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⠟⡻⢿⣷⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⡉⠿⡷⣷⣬⣎⡿⠩⡛⡿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢶⣤⣏⡺⢩⡛⡳⣾⣴⣤⢱⢏⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠉⢀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠿⢯⣯⣐⠌⢯⠻⡷⣷⣵⣲⢕⡟⣟⠻⢿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢲⢸⣿⣦⣾⣿⣛⣉⣹⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣟⠪⢩⠻⢿⢾⣅⣢⣺⡙⣿⣿⣷⣬⣡⠙⡟⠛⠷⣮⣼⣸⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀
⠀⠀⡼⢈⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣶⣷⣆⣹⠙⢯⠟⠷⣮⣼⣤⢫⣏⠛⡿⢿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢸⣇⠘⠛⡙⢻⣉⠟⠛⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣮⣁⠋⠹⢻⡷⣿⣥⣃⡞⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢿⡿⠋⠡⠺⢿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣼⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣽⣇⠮⣝⣛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠙⡿⠘⠂⠀⠗⣸⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣷⣐⠝⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢸⣷⣤⣦⣶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 352
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/irc-log-211122/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/11/22/irc-log-211122/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.22.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Monday,_November_21,_2022⠀✐
Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:36 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-211122.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-211122.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-211122.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-211122.gmi
Over HTTP:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
=> =============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
CID Description Object type
IRC log for
QmPirmVdRT6QCEWnZhtL843QN48BZ9B9uR9rp1VXRygCkU #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell
QmecZcgWA8kKG6ZyMXc7NtMWW6btdWRcYa6Qwy8WiNT9KE (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmfSPnrK3fTDTZTzKHUq3p4Xh1GKfGXpJkETWu1LuwfwJ3 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmXPCqa3wncDnaXPeW5kMXcHqp6sew4hrv67rKGURRhKYD social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
(full IRC log
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
QmUnpm78FTSNQEqqj1K9URyYm79FQXoeS16dXt8yFQJr1r #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techbytes
QmPoL4GJV6gqy7B1atQiH11tvkMT2ARFEXmT8cNw62PmU1 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
QmdsAunaQybP5Xxq9iUMTok8sqwzGYUN9SDxAFDHgBL6mo #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techrights
QmRR2x7uMYYqTEycCXtZzmoM5cPVSpZCmskduQT3LF9UNP (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
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✐ Klaus_Grabinski_Expressing_Support_for_Software_Patents_in_Violation_of_the
European_Patent_Convention_(and_Common_Sense)⠀✐
Posted in Courtroom, Europe, Patents at 3:06 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Related: Team_UPC_Has_Foolishly_Given_Additional_Legal_Grounds_for_Tossing_Out
the_Unitary_Patent_(Overt_Corruption_in_Appointment_of_Judges)
5_days_ago:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Grabinski_on_software_patents⦈_
Another (longer) thread:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Unified_Patent_Court_(UPC)hijack⦈
Summary: Klaus_Grabinski seems ‘suitable’ for a UPC job for merely being "in
line"_with_the_lobbyists who put him there and promote an illegal,
unconstitutional court system, in defiance of several conventions and based on
gross distortion of facts
⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢻⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⡟⠛⠛⢻⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢻⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣧⡧⣭⣤⣤⣥⠧⢬⠼⡄⢬⣤⢭⣬⣤⡨⣭⣤⣤⡄⢤⣭⢥⣤⣬⢤⢥⡤⢤⢥⣭⣬⡤⣬⣭⣤⡤⣤⣼⣤⢬⢤⣤⣬⣼⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣼⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡷⢧⣴⡤⠤⢤⢤⣤⣤⣦⡤⣤⣤⣴⣧⣴⣤⣧⣤⡴⠴⣤⣤⣼⣼⣦⣴⣦⣤⣤⣤⣷⣤⣤⣤⣦⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⠦⡤⡴⣤⣦⡦⣦⡤⡦⣤⣼⣤⣴⣤⣤⢤⣴⠤⢤⣼⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡗⠒⠐⠑⠐⠒⠐⠂⠃⠒⠂⠐⠒⠐⠀⠸⣴⣴⣴⣼⣴⣶⣾⣴⣴⣦⣤⣦⣧⣾⣴⣼⣦⣴⣤⣶⣦⣦⣥⣶⣴⣤⣧⣴⣶⣴⣧⣴⣴⣶⣶⣴⣤⣦⣴⣤⣶⣮⣤⣶⣧⣦⣶⣤⣴⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣯⣍⣭⣩⣭⣩⣩⣍⣩⣭⣭⣥⣹⣭⣼⣩⣩⣥⣡⣩⣽⣭⣉⣍⣥⣯⣥⣬⣭⣭⣏⣥⣭⣥⣝⣬⣉⣭⣍⣹⣼⣭⣭⣍⣹⣌⣭⣭⣁⣯⣥⣬⣤⣭⣮⣭⣭⣍⣤⣏⣭⣭⣤⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡟⡛⣛⠛⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣯⣽⣬⡭⣤⡭⠧⢥⣍⡽⣍⢽⣬⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠐⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣴⣴⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣤⣴⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠗⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⡶⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠚⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⢻⠛⡛⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠈⠁⠁⠁⡉⠍⠉⠭⠣⠈⠩⠊⠍⠍⠁⠉⢼⠉⠭⡉⠉⠍⠩⡁⠉⠅⠈⠇⠭⠁⠨⡡⢈⠁⠈⠹⠁⠅⠉⡇⠉⠍⠉⠉⠽⢉⠉⠍⠍⠩⠩⡈⠩⠡⠈⠹⠉⠉⡉⠼⠉⠉⠌⢉⠈⠉⠍⡍⠼⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠐⠂⠐⢲⠃⡀⠒⡆⠒⠒⠒⠒⢂⠒⠐⠒⠂⠒⢀⢐⢂⠂⠂⢑⠒⢒⢒⠐⢲⠔⡒⠒⣨⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡟⣛⣛⡛⣏⣋⡛⢻⡛⢻⡟⣛⣛⣻⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡉⢹⣉⣉⣉⡉⢉⣉⣉⢉⣍⠹⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⡉⠉⣉⡉⠉⣙⣉⡩⢉⢹⢉⠉⠉⠉⣉⢉⠉⠉⠩⠉⠉⢉⢉⡻⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠹⠹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣍⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⣶⣶⠶⠶⣶⣦⢴⡶⢶⡶⣴⡶⣴⣶⣼⣶⡶⣾⣶⡶⣦⣦⡶⣦⣷⡶⣷⣶⢧⣴⣶⣾⣶⣶⣦⣼⣴⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣴⣶⣶⣾⣦⣾⣶⣶⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠤⡤⡤⠤⣤⢤⡤⠤⠤⣤⠤⠤⠤⢤⠤⢤⢤⠤⠤⠤⢤⢤⠤⢤⠤⠤⡤⡤⠤⠤⣭⡽⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢲⠒⠒⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣮⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣴⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣦⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⢛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⡛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⡛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⣤⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣤⣥⣤⣠⣬⣤⣡⣤⣤⣧⣤⣥⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣩⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣥⣭⣥⣤⣸⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣬⣬⣤⣬⣥⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⣿⡛⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠛⡟⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠛⠓⠛⠚⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠓⠟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣼⣯⣥⣬⣉⣯⣭⣤⣭⣬⣥⣬⣭⣭⣌⣯⣭⣥⣥⣭⣩⣭⣭⣏⣬⣩⣭⣧⣤⣽⣩⣭⣥⣧⣭⣥⣍⣡⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣌⣭⣌⣩⣭⣭⣭⣤⣬⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠬⠭⠽⠭⠍⠭⠭⠧⢭⣭⣝⣭⣭⣧⣭⣭⣭⣭⣹⣤⣼⣭⣡⣥⣥⣭⣽⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣥⣭⣯⣽⣥⣭⣥⣧⣥⣽⣭⣭⣥⣦⣬⣥⣥⣭⣭⣭⣬⣌⣺⣭⣭⣬⣭⣥⣬⣥⣭⣭⣧⣤⣥⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⡿⢿⡿⠿⡿⡿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡗⠶⠶⠶⠷⠓⠲⠲⠶⠒⠿⠒⠶⠶⠿⠶⠶⢶⠷⠛⠿⡟⠿⠿⡟⠛⠿⡟⠿⠿⠟⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠳⠾⠿⠚⠻⠳⠿⠿⡿⠞⢻⠿⠿⠿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠳⣳⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠞⡟⠶⠿⠷⠿⡟⠚⠶⠷⡶⠷⠿⢷⡶⠿⡟⠚⡿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠻⠻⢿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠛⠿⠟⡿⢻⠿⠟⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣈⣈⣹⣁⣇⣁⣉⣑⣀⣉⣉⣁⣦⣉⣁⣁⣁⣁⣹⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣹⢉⣉⣉⣉⣍⣉⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣙⣙⣉⣉⡉⣉⣏⣉⣹⣉⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⣋⣉⣉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣙⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣯⣉⣉⣉⣙⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣹⣉⣙⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⢹⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣏⣉⣋⣉⡉⣉⣹⣍⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⢉⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⣉⢏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣙⢙⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣋⣹⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⢦⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣦⣴⣼⣤⣦⣤⣧⣧⣤⣦⣤⣴⣧⣼⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣴⣤⣦⣧⣴⣦⣦⣬⣦⣤⣤⣤⣦⣦⣧⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣦⣼⣤⣤⣴⣤⣼⣦⣼⣤⣤⣶⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⡧⡦⢧⢦⠼⠼⢤⠤⢧⠤⠦⠦⠶⠧⠴⠴⠴⡤⡷⠤⢼⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠓⠒⠚⠒⣲⠘⠓⠚⢒⠐⠒⣶⣦⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣮⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣴⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⣏⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠟⠋⠿⠙⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⢛⠛⠛⡛⣻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⡟⠛⠛⡛⡿⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢛⠛⠛⡿⠛⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⡛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⣟⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡻⠛⠛⡛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡟⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠬⠼⠥⠿⠭⠬⠫⠥⠴⢬⠬⠩⡥⠭⠝⠧⠭⠧⠬⠭⠼⠤⠭⠼⠮⠭⠭⠭⠭⠽⠥⠤⣧⠬⡭⠮⠭⠿⠭⠆⠭⠤⠬⠭⢴⠤⡭⠤⠭⠍⠭⠭⠽⡭⠭⢭⢯⠽⠭⢭⠭⠽⡤⠭⠿⠿⢿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢒⣀⠒⡐⣲⣢⣒⢖⣒⣚⢲⢂⣷⣒⣂⡔⢒⣰⢂⢖⡒⣐⡒⡖⣐⣐⢳⢘⣒⠒⣒⢒⣂⣐⡑⣒⣂⡒⣀⣐⢲⢂⣒⣐⡒⡖⣒⣀⡒⡢⣒⣒⣢⣵⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 595
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/11/22/klaus-grabinski-vs-international-law/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/11/22/klaus-grabinski-vs-international-law/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.22.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Kangaroo_Tribunal_For_Xmas?_Santa_Klaus_Grabinski_Breaking_the_Law,_Crushing
Constitutions,Violating_International_Conventions_For_Personal(Financial)
Gain…_Again⠀✐
Posted in Europe, Patents at 11:14 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
No due process:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇No_due_process:__Fervent_supporter_of_automatic_injunctions
to_preside_over_German-dominated_Unified_Patent_Court;_Judge_Pichlmaier_returns
to_the_patent_bench_(Munich_Local_Division),Judge_Zigann_finally_promoted⦈
He obviously knows UPC is illegal after Brexit, but he is connected to
Frohlinger and other people whose role at the EPO was to lie about it (it was a
full-time job):
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Klaus_Grabinski_grabbing_the_opportunity⦈_
This guy is, in effect, punching or attacking international law and as someone
from the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice) he is very well aware of
it. Here he in Marcel Grabinski’s body:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Judge_Dr.Klaus_Grabinski_of_Germany's_Bundesgerichtshof
(Federal_Court_of_Justice)vs_Vienna_convention⦈
Summary: Now that António_Campinos is doing photo ops with Klaus Grabinski (for
lobbying purposes; they both know this kangaroo_court is still illegal/
verboten) it’s time to remember who_Klaus_Grabinski_really_is (patent
maximalist) and what a liability this becomes to the German 'justice' system,
not just to the EU (this perpetuates the growing and correct perception that
the Government of Germany looks_the_other_way_while_EPO_commits_crimes_on
German_soil_because_it's_economically_beneficial_to_Germany although the EPO is
presented to the public as an office by — and for — nearly 40 members states)
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
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⣿⣿⠹⢙⡿⠿⡿⡿⣿⢿⢿⡯⡿⢻⣿⡏⢍⡿⣿⣿⠉⣿⢹⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣸⣂⣇⣸⣇⣳⣺⣠⣹⣇⣿⣸⣿⣅⣆⣑⣿⣿⣀⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⡍⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⡟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣦⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣩⠿⠛⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠶⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡇⢀⡀⠐⠆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣻⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣌⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠈⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣇⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠋⠻⣿⣿⣤⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠰⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⡻⡿⢴⣭⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠟⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⢹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠻⡟⠠⡻⣿⣿⣷⣮⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣮⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⠹⡍⠁⠀⠲⡐⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣹⣿⣦⠻⣿⣿⣝⣭⡆⠑⣶⠛⠃⠁⢻⡛⠋⠛⠁⠹⠿⠟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⣤⣤⠆⠰⣴⣴⡔⠲⣶⢢⠑⣶⣿⣿⠻⠇⠘⠉⢿⣷⠂⠀⠈⠣⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣖⡋⠁⢒⣶⠙⢿⣧⣤⣿⠙⡁⠘⢿⣿⡄⠀⠁⠀⠘⠟⠲⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⢿⣿⣷⣶⣆⠐⣶⣶⡖⠛⣧⣠⣼⣿⠉⠧⠀⢿⣿⣷⠘⠂⠀⠀⠙⢛⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣠⡄⠐⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣿⠿⠿⣦⣘⠿⠷⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡖⠄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠍⠀⢸⣾⣁⠲⣾⠉⢁⢄⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠐⠲⠖⠀⠀⠃⠈⠙⠂⢀⡀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⠶⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠈⠉⠉⠠⠤⠤⠬⠍⠉⠉⠋⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⠉⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠂⠀⠐⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⡹⢏⠙⣵⡏⡏⣿⡙⢹⣿⠹⢏⡟⡍⣿⢹⡏⣵⡝⡏⢏⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣧⣷⣿⣼⣮⣵⣧⣭⣾⣬⣽⣼⣦⣵⣿⣼⣼⣷⣭⣶⣧⣧⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⣹⠉⡯⡯⣏⣻⡏⡋⣿⣏⢹⢽⣛⢹⢹⣽⡏⣛⡟⠽⢙⢿⡉⢙⡏⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣵⣿⣿⣿⣥⣾⣮⣴⣽⣽⣾⣹⣿⣽⣴⣵⣿⣿⣷⣤⣧⣯⣬⣴⣿⣦⣴⣴⣼⣾⣮⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣇⡲⡇⢆⡇⣒⡿⠠⢻⢘⢱⡇⣒⡇⡆⣯⡒⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⣋⠸⣍⣗⢹⠵⢋⠾⣱⣾⣗⡊⡪⡱⢎⢘⢹⠿⢹⣝⢉⠞⡇⢾⡊⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣷⣶⣤⣿⣵⣬⣧⣿⣯⣤⣼⣽⣽⣯⣦⣽⣶⣥⣴⣤⣿⣿⣽⣼⣭⣯⣼⣿⣽⣿⣶⣥⣤⣿⣧⣯⣤⣬⣼⣯⣯⣤⣥⣧⣧⣽⣤⣴⣮⣾⣿⣾⣥⣤⣤⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡏⣯⣛⠙⠿⣟⠻⡿⡽⢿⣟⣿⣟⡟⠛⠻⢻⣯⡟⢻⣏⣛⠿⣽⣉⣟⡛⣛⠛⡟⣯⣛⠛⢛⣻⣿⢟⣿⣛⠛⣻⣿⣹⠙⠛⢛⡿⡛⠛⢟⠛⢿⣟⠛⠟⠛⡿⠻⡿⢯⣟⣻⡿⣻⣍⣋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣦⣄⣤⣬⣯⣤⣿⣯⣿⣽⣤⣼⣷⣵⣵⣾⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⠁⠀⠀⠀⡔⠒⠒⣲⣶⣶⣶⢒⣶⣶⡒⣲⢶⣶⡆⡀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠲⢶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⢀⠎⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣷⣟⣚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣅⣠⣿⣯⣿⣯⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⢠⣞⠀⣐⢂⠀⠀⣠⠃⢀⠀⣼⠏⢿⣿⢧⢸⣿⡿⢸⣦⢀⣤⣿⣦⣜⣿⣾⡷⠈⢳⡀⣤⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⠋⡜⠂⣅⠟⠀⣴⣷⣦⠋⣼⢏⣼⣻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡸⢋⢴⢻⣷⣳⣿⣿⣟⣻⣟⣛⡿⣿⣣⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣣⡤⢁⠚⠈⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⢆⡫⠴⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⠙⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠯⠧⢀⠈⢻⣿⣛⣻⣿⡟⢁⣇⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠸⡆⠤⠀⣍⠛⠟⠋⢁⣾⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣀⠀⢀⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣋⣰⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣳⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⡏⢹⠿⢹⡋⡟⢿⠟⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠻⡇⠌⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡉⣉⣹⡿⢻⣛⠛⣿⡋⠉⠉⠉⢉⣉⠉⣉⡉⠉⢉⠉⢉⣉⡉⢉⢉⡉⢉⠉⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⡇⣿⣹⢷⡏⠙⢹⣿⣧⡀⠀⢠⣏⣙⢹⣏⣿⢠⣿⡇⣼⣩⡇⡿⣸⣧⣼⠸⣏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠋⠈⡟⠛⠻⠣⣏⣸⢻⡏⠉⢸⣃⡖⠈⠛⠋⡇⠀⢸⣇⡿⣾⢹⣇⡾⢺⡇⣿⣸⢳⡇⡟⢹⡏⣶⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀
⠀⡸⠙⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⡀⣀⠀⣀⣀⡀⣀⢀⡀⢀⣀⠀⣀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⡀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠚⠛⠻⠋⠙⠛⠋⠁⣴⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠃⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣔⢖⠀⢸⣧⣾⣴⣿⣦⣿⣼⣧⣯⣿⣧⣾⣯⣤⣿⣾⣤⣿⣼⣧⣾⣤⣿⣼⣁⣧⣟⣼⣁⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠚⠓⠀⢹⡿⢣⡟⣿⠷⡧⡿⢹⢿⣯⢻⠹⢇⠴⢯⢿⢸⢧⡿⡦⡏⣴⠧⡿⡦⢿⠂⡿⡔⡆⡤⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡈⣁⠘⡀⠃⡁⡁⣃⣃⠘⡘⢙⡀⣈⢂⣈⢊⢘⠀⢁⡈⣀⢓⡁⣁⣃⢘⡀⡃⣑⢁⠃⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠯⠇⠇⠏⠃⠜⠇⠷⠹⠇⠀⠁⠼⠧⠿⠸⠟⠏⠇⠀⠼⠇⠯⠜⠇⠟⠏⠞⠷⠹⠨⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⡼⡲⡤⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⢤⣤⡤⡀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣤⣤⢬⡱⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡦⠠⢢⣴⢶⢰⢲⠄⡛⡘⡐⡘⡃⢓⡐⣒⢂⢒⢊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 735
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
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✐ [Meme]Full_Support_for_an_Illegal‘Legal’_System_From_the_Patent_Litigation
Industry⠀✐
Posted in Europe, Patents at 2:48 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Klaus_Grabinski_and_EPO:_EPO_wants_to_bring_into_force_an
ILLEGAL,_UNCONSTITUTIONAL_kangaroo_court_for_patents_in_VIOLATION_of_several
CONVENTIONS._The_EU_and_EC_will_suffer_profoundly_if_that_happens._It's_a
bridge_of_corruption_between_EU,_German_government,and_EPO.⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇The_UPC_march:_Germany:_sometimes_we_follow_the_law._When_it
suits_us;_Germany:_we're_putting_criminals_in_charge_of_the_EPO_because_it's
the_only_way_we_can_carry_on_doing_illegal_things_inside_the_EPO_for_financial
gain.⦈_
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Klaus_Grabinski_meme:_Please_don't_send_me_to_court,Klaus⦈
Publisher funded directly by Team UPC to spread lies about the UPC (for about a
decade already):
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽⦇Klaus_Grabinski_fluff⦈_
Summary: After the EPO got captured by patent extremists who break_many_laws
and_constitutions_for_personal_gain we’re seeing babysteps towards doing the
same to patent courts across the EU (by essentially working to bypass them all
in one fell swoop) with Grabinski planning to grab all the gold
⢀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠰⡇⣸⡆⣀⡁⣿⡇⣾⡿⢠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠘⠃⢰⠀⠃⢀⣀⠸⠾⡄⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢙⠀⡚⠚⡃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣸⣼⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⣿⣯⣥⠿⣷⡿⠧⣿⣧⢾⠋⠁⠀⠀⠐⠂⡀⠈⠁⠙⣹⠂⠀⠀⠽⡆⠀⡀⠃⢸⡧⡳⣶⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⡛⠋⠉⠙⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢀⣿⣧⠀⢀⣦⣁⢼⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⣀⣠⠃⠀⡀⠺⡷⠶⠮⣩⣵⣦⣀⣽⣇⣤⠀⠠⢾⣿⣦⢁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡁⢁⣠⠌⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢀⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢼⣿⠀⠈⠿⠿⠤⣼⣿⣧⣿⣿⣥⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⣣⠘⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⠸⠘⠀⠈⣄⠄⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠸⠸⠟⠘⢽⣿⣿⢳⣿⢫⢹⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⣘⣗⣀⣀⣶⣦⣼⣮⣼⣿⣧⣿⣬⣼⣿⣤⣭⣀⢁⣀⡂⠀⠠⠤⠌⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠧⠐⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠂⢿⡄⠀⣄⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣄⣤⢢⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠘⣄⣀⣔⣅⣌⣖⣿⣆⣿⣇⣿⣺⣝⣼⣿⣙⣉⣩⣿⣿⣩⣻⣧⡽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣀⠑⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⣩⢗⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡏⣸⢩⢿⢻⢸⡻⢻⡟⡟⡟⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠇⠀⢰⠀⠙⢾⣝⣉⣉⣽⣙⣋⡏⣻⣿⣹⣿⣽⡇⠂⠀⣸⣾⣿⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠣⠺⡌⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣻⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠸⡠⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⢿⣯⡏⣿⢿⣻⢛⢹⠁⢰⣻⠟⢛⡻⠿⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣀⣓⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⣸⣷⣿⣿⣿⢟⡯⣿⢻⢻⢻⢻⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡀⠠⠺⣷⠖⠒⣾⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢿⡟⢻⣿⢿⣻⣻⣆⡠⠜⠺⠟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢍⡃⠙⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠐⠘⠛⠛⠧⠻⠿⠪⢸⣼⣼⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠿⠅⠁⢋⡉⡟⣿⣯⡝⣿⣯⠭⢽⣿⡟⣻⠯⠟⢻⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠠⠀⢈⣷⣴⠀⡂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣀⡀⢤⠤⢤⣵⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣯⣶⣶⢎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣧⠀⠀⠈⠁⠠⠂⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣋⡛⢋⣙⠯⢻⡿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣟⣻⣟⣛⣛⣛⡛⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⡄⠀⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠰⠛⠉⠁⠘⢿⣧⣤⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣼⡝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠄⢻⣇⢀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⢂⢀⣀⣸⣿⣮⣿⣧⣤⣼⣴⣤⣼⢿⢇⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⡟⠈⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⡀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣮⣟⠷⡥⠿⠿⠿⠧⠧⠿⠿⠿⠧⠿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡭⠭⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣹⣽⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠃⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣠⣤⢀⣀⣠⣼⣿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠠⠐⢀⠐⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣯⡙⢟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡟⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠑⠎⡛⢿⡿⢻⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣐⠀⠀⢤⡶⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠫⠀⠀⢰⣟⠻
⠐⠀⠀⠀⠈⣀⣀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡠⠂⢄⠼⠲⢥⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡷⠼⢤⠤⡴⢤⠤⢴⠤⢦⠄⠠⣵⡶⡤⠤⡤⡤⠤⡍⡤⠤⡤⠐⢤⡬⣤⠴⣇⠄⠢⡤⢶⠾⡤⢽⣷⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡀⠀⠀⡀⠐⠚⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠨⠄⠀⠀⣣⡈⢺⠀⡇⢸⢠⠀⠀⡇⢘⣿⠀⣿⠀⡇⡌⠀⢸⠀⣻⣄⠒⡷⡇⠁⡀⠀⡇⢘⡧⡇⢘⡇⢸⢸⡇⡟⠀⣿⠀⡇⢠⠸⠀⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⣪⠤⠤⠔⠒⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠚⠋⠁⠺⢼⠖⠄⠈⠔⠀⠖⠂⠄⠙⠮⠣⠬⢼⣦⡥⠾⣼⡤⢤⢧⣬⡿⠤⠿⠤⠧⠧⠦⠼⠤⢽⢤⢥⡇⡣⢤⣧⢤⠣⠬⠏⠧⠜⠣⠬⠜⠧⠭⠤⠽⠤⠥⠺⠤⠴⠤⠿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠑⠚⢂⡡⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠗⠄⠀⠈⠀⣖⢯⠉⣽⠹⠉⡏⢩⣿⡏⢹⡏⠉⢻⠙⠋⠹⢩⠂⢨⢹⠉⠋⢹⠉⡏⢹⢉⣽⠙⡏⡏⡏⢩⡍⠩⢲⠉⣍⡎⢹⠉⡏⠩⡍⣩⠉⣍⡃⡎⢹⠉⡏⢍⡹⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣦⣇⠲⠶⠂⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣿⢠⠀⡇⠰⢯⡇⠸⡇⠀⢸⠀⢠⠀⢸⢤⢸⠀⢰⠀⢸⠀⡆⢸⠠⢾⢠⠀⡇⡇⢸⡇⠀⢰⠓⡄⡇⢸⠀⡇⢠⡇⣧⠓⡄⠡⠇⢸⠀⡗⠆⢱⢄⠀⠴⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣻⢽⠇⢸⢲⣤⣽⢥⣆⡅⣆⣾⢼⢖⡉⢸⣳⠃⠲⡿⣷⡖⡖⣻⠈⠑⣾⠦⠊⠊⡀⠐⠨⠀⠉⠀⢳⢫⡴⠈⡎⠅⢩⣧⢀⠁⠉⠀⢱⢒⢋⠐⡺⠑⠋⣁⠙⠑⢒⠁⠈⠐⠊⠉⠒⡿⠈⢀⢀⠀⠐⠀⠐⠀⠰⠀⠀⠆
⣧⠻⣿⣆⣟⢧⣿⣿⣜⣷⣿⣿⡞⠺⠙⡇⠰⡆⠀⣹⣿⡇⣿⣱⣇⢀⣷⡞⡒⢒⡰⡀⠑⣃⢡⠀⣈⣋⡧⢀⣘⡼⣬⢿⣦⡜⡀⠘⠄⡏⢯⣆⣣⢆⠡⠈⡄⠀⢢⣦⣉⠀⢆⠇⠀⢹⡄⠀⠈⢄⣀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⢈⠅
⢿⣷⢹⢿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣹⠿⠧⢫⢿⣷⠼⣿⢳⡧⢿⢻⠇⡿⣿⣉⡯⣷⣿⣯⣬⡿⢷⣶⣿⣳⢤⠟⣛⢳⣶⣿⣅⣹⣼⣯⣾⣿⡂⣿⡟⠞⠽⢻⣾⣿⣶⣿⠷⠾⣷⣦⣦⣼⣤⠰⣾⡿⢗⠾⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀
⡻⠿⣗⣫⡟⢭⡍⡉⠿⢟⢚⣿⣾⣏⠴⠆⣇⡊⣦⣾⡙⡏⡯⢾⣿⡷⣠⡼⢛⣿⣼⣽⠑⢾⢾⢿⠿⣿⣖⠒⢭⢿⣶⣿⢘⠉⣶⠶⣿⣿⠷⢦⠴⠛⣭⡏⡙⢿⠉⢶⠊⢱⡇⣿⣉⠁⡻⡥⣴⣼⣱⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢻⡿⠿⠿⠤⣇⡣⠈⢛⠠⠟⣭⣭⢰⣿⡿⠟⠘⣥⣤⠹⠟⢻⡿⠿⢛⣿⣸⣿⣧⣽⣦⣪⡽⠚⢫⣭⣦⡀⢴⠗⢪⡭⠁⣔⢂⠟⠉⢸⣾⢈⡏⢀⠍⢳⣜⡀⢶⣣⢡⢂⢔⣀⠻⢷⢃⠙⠁⠙⠁⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣐⠩⠀⠐⠛⢸⠙⢒⠙⢼⡄⠁⠉⣩⡐⠋⢰⣿⣦⠾⣿⣿⣿⣍⠐⢮⢻⡻⢿⣙⡿⠟⢿⢱⣧⡂⠈⢹⡉⢻⣼⠀⠨⡎⠰⠘⢸⣼⣁⢲⡅⢸⠿⣷⡝⡄⢿⢼⠘⢷⡆⢻⠸⢺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡽⢿⠢⣠⣼⡄⢣⠀⡰⠙⠂⢀⠡⣿⣿⣅⢠⡰⣧⣼⡿⢫⣽⣅⡥⡸⣮⣶⠿⠋⠐⣿⣿⡯⡥⠐⣼⣮⣿⠫⢳⣧⡑⣽⡀⠆⠘⠙⢻⣷⢻⡌⡀⠙⠃⡏⠀⠈⠀⠈⠡⠀⠀⡨⠂⠤⣄⠠⠀⠀⠐⢀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠈⠩⢵⣆⢿⡿⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⡫⠿⢿⣯⠻⣿⡦⠀⠺⢿⢻⣵⢻⣿⡏⣠⣷⣄⣲⡆⠸⡀⡠⡴⢻⣿⠀⠀⢹⣧⢻⠣⢈⠀⠀⠀⠉⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⡄⠀⢠⠀⠸⠀⢳⡀⠀⠈⡆⠂⢀⣄⡀⠐⢄⠳⢿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠐⠈⠈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡊⠀⠀⠈⠛⣤⣿⣄⠰⣤⢻⣶⡍⠉⣿⡵⣻⣿⣿⣯⢿⡄⢳⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠃⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠁⠀⢀⣠⡅⠂⢡⡀⢀⠀⠐⠧⡐⠦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣶⣤⣙⠢⠽⡿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠛⠿⣿⣷⣌⣷⣿⣿⢀⣥⡾⠋⠅⠹⡿⣼⡷⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠈⠀⢰⠀⠄⠀⢮⡀⠀⠎⠘⠇⠀⠀⠁⠈⠓⣄⠀⠈⠄⠐⣆⡰⣦⣄⡑⠈⢙⣛⣻⣷⣴⣾
⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡎⠀⠀⠐⠀⣌⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⢿⣼⣿⢻⣾⣋⠔⠐⠀⠀⠁⢨⠧⠀⠀⠨⠑⠀⠀⠀⠤⣤⣵⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠙⢶⡃⠀⠀⠀⢣⡀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢂⠠⡀⠑⠌⠛⢿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠈⠀⠀⠐⢓⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡗⢿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢬⠀⠀⠀⢤⢮⣄⡀⠀⠁⠀⠙⠆⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠈⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠠⡀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠑⢶⣶⡀⠀⢂⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢳⣄⡀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠁⠈⣇⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠀⠺⣶⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⣀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢄⠈⠻⣿⣦⡀⠙⢿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣾⣧⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⡤⡤⣰⡎⢀⡀⢀⡬⢁⡴⢖⢆⠀⠶⠇⢀⠼⡀⣀⢄⣈⠛⣽⠀⡀⡀⡀⢘⢲⢄⣀⢀⡤⡀⢀⢿⢢⡀⡀⡀⢀⢠⢀⠀⡈⢻⡷⢦⠄⡈⡳⣄⠈⡻⠿⡤⢤⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠲⡀⣰⠀⠀⡇⣽⡇⡅⠀⣽⠀⣼⠀⢸⢸⡇⡇⠀⡀⡇⡗⣿⢸⠄⠀⡇⡇⢀⢸⢸⠀⡇⠎⠀⡧⡑⢸⢸⡀⡏⢸⢼⢨⠸⠀⡇⡅⡁⢺⢨⣿⢸⢸⢨⢾⢸⠀⢸⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢂⡄⡹⢟⢯⡝⡹⡍⡩⡉⡭⢩⢩⢨⢑⠽⢻⡿⣟⢛⠻⡛⣿⡛⡗⡟⡟⣩⡟⠻⠩⢩⢩⢻⢻⡿⠿⠾⠟⣟⡟⣿⠷⠻⠛⣻⡿⡻⡟⢻⢻⢫⡅⡱⡟⢱⢺⠿⠻⡟⢿⡿⡻⡟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣰⣇⣶⡸⡸⣇⣆⣇⣇⢟⣇⣊⡘⣸⡢⣁⣸⢇⣿⣸⢟⣊⡿⣇⣇⣆⣇⣯⣇⣀⣰⣸⣸⣇⣿⣇⣀⣸⣐⣸⣸⣿⣀⣀⣇⣾⣇⢟⣇⣸⣠⣸⣇⣟⣁⣸⣰⣁⣀⣷⣸⣇⣇⣇⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢻⢻⠛⠗⡖⠞⡖⣖⣰⠒⢲⢳⡖⡖⣔⡞⢳⢲⠰⠒⡖⠖⡖⡖⢲⢢⣲⢒⡆⠒⠺⢲⢒⡚⡟⡖⡟⣷⡞⣻⠻⠛⢻⡟⢻⢻⠛⠛⣿⢛⡟⡟⠛⢻⡟⣻⢻⢻⠻⠛⡟⢿⢻⢻⢻⠛⡟⣿⡟⣟⡟⢻⢻⠻⢻⣿
⣿⣿⣘⣼⣀⣄⡇⢆⣇⣆⣿⣀⣸⠘⠇⢣⣃⣇⠌⠘⠆⢀⠇⣇⢇⠷⠸⠜⠸⠁⠕⢠⡰⣸⣑⣅⠇⠃⠇⣻⣇⣿⣰⣀⣘⣇⣸⣰⣧⣀⣿⣸⣇⣣⣄⣸⣇⣿⣸⣠⣀⣅⣇⣼⣜⣹⣸⣠⣁⣻⣇⣂⣡⣸⣸⣠⣘⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⣸⣿⣿⣶⣾⠀⠀⠘⠷⡊⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢨⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣤⡀⣿⡷⣻⣿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⡇⢿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⣴⠀⢰⣤⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⠉⣿⣿⠟⣿⡆⣾⣧⢈⣀⣉⠉⠉⢰⡾⠀⢸⡿⠀⡀⠀⣠⠀⠃⠀⡗⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣷⣿⣨⡇⠀⢠⡇⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣷⡆⣧⢸⣻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠻⡃⠘⠳⠠⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡌⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⠇⠀⠛⠁⠐⠀⢐⡟⡀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠀⣀⣼⠅⠿⢋⣀⠀⠀⢀⡁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣇⢸⢸⣼⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠂⠀⠘⠠⠒⠀⢦⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣼⠀⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⢿⣿⡃⡄⠀⣦⣀⣄⣠⠿⢿⣄⢓⣀⡀⠀⡉⢡⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢹⢸⣿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⡄⢀⣤⠀⠀⠁⢈⣽⣧⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢩⡄⠻⣿⣿⡿⡿⠀⢼⣧⠀⠉⢀⣽⣿⣿⡄⠁⢀⡋⠙⠻⠳⠠⣿⡿⣿⠿⢡⡤⠀⠄⠙
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠈⡆⣏⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠛⠁⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⣤⣭⠛⠉⣛⣤⣬⣿⣄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣥⡄⠨⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢹⣿⡇⣇⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢁⣀⣤⣬⣍⡇⢀⡶⠀⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣿⡇⡸⠟⢻⣏⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⡇⢹⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⠼⣷⣿⣤⣼⣇⡇⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠸⢿⣶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢻⠇⢸⣿⠰⢿⠿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠛⢛⣿⠛⣃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠹⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠀⠀⣍⣹⢹⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠶⠄⠈⠁⠀⠍⠀⢸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠹⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⢠⠀⠏⠙⠀⡨⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠧⣀⡀⠀⠀⠒⠶⠿⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡄⠘⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠘⡆⠇⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣹⣷⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⠟⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠷⠀⠼⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠃⠁⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢙⣟⠉⠑⠀⠸⠣⢤⣤⣴⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠈⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⠃⣀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⡀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠿⠿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⣀⣤⣄⣁⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠢⠀⢀⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠇⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⡿⣿⢍⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠿⠏⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠂⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣴⢶⠶⡶⣦⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣿⢘⣣⡇⣿⢱⣎⣯⢶⢸⣇⠦⣿⢱⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⢿⣼⠏⣧⡿⣼⣧⢧⣽⣼⣯⣧⡿⣼⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⢲⡶⣆⣠⣤⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⠟⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡆⡇⢸⢸⡇⣿⢸⢻⡇⡏⣿⣘⢾⡇⣧⣽⢸⡇⣿⢸⡆⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠹⣿⣿⣼⣥⣷⣼⠼⠧⠿⠼⠘⠧⠷⠻⠼⠼⠧⠯⠾⠼⠧⣿⣼⣥⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⠶⡶⣴⢦⡴⡦⣄⣴⢲⣦⢶⢤⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⣿⢸⡇⡥⢼⢸⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⠀⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⠿⢽⠟⠒⠳⠛⠞⠓⠷⠋⠘⠺⠛⠾⠚⠀⠀⢸⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣶⣿⣿⢷⢾⡿⡾⣿⢶⡶⡶⢶⢶⡶⠶⡟⣷⠀⣾⢹⢏⣿⢹⢶⡶⣶⢶⡶⡶⣶⢦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠉⠁⠄⠀⣾⡇⡿⣿⢸⡇⡇⢸⢸⡇⣾⡇⣿⣄⣿⢰⡘⣿⢸⢛⡇⣿⢸⡇⡷⣭⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠚⠛⠓⠚⠟⠚⠚⠓⠋⠛⠺⠟⠙⠚⠓⠛⠚⠓⠓⠛⠚⠓⠛⠒⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣄⣤⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⡀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠣⠠⠃⠛⠙⠚⠈⠓⠁⠹⠀⠙⠪⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡿⢿⡿⢹⢿⢿⠿⡿⣿⠻⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⡟⡏⡿⢿⠿⡿⡟⣿⡿⢿⢿⢿⡿⢿⡟⡿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣻⡿⢿⢿⡿⡟⢿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡟⡽⡿⡿⢿⡟⣿⣿⢻⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣽⣯⣧⣧⣼⣼⣼⣤⣷⣼⣤⣧⣿⣿⣧⣮⣧⣧⣧⣧⣾⣶⣥⣧⣿⣯⣼⣼⣼⣽⣵⣧⣧⣯⣼⣼⣼⣿⣧⣿⣜⣥⣧⣽⣼⣿⣼⣤⣧⣼⣼⣼⣧⣷⣧⣧⣿⣷⣭⣿⣼⣷⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⣇⣾⣸⣀⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣻⣻⣭⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 873
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
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✐ Nokia_and_Airbus_Elected_as_Judges_at_the_Unified_Patent_Court,_an_Unheard_of
Corruption_of_Justice⠀✐
Posted in Courtroom, Database, Europe, Fraud, Law, Patents at 3:16 am by Dr.
Roy Schestowitz
By Benjamin HENRION/The Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure e.V.
(FFII)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇UPC kangaroo court⦈
Brussels, 16th November 2022 — Nokia and Airbus got their patent lawyers
elected as part-time technical judges at the forthcoming Unified Patent Court
(UPC). Europe is witnessing corporate capture of its Justice system. Being
‘judges’ in the morning and ‘ patent lawyers’ in the afternoon. The Unified
Patent Court is way worse than the appointment of judges in Poland.
Technical judges are part-time judges (half judge, half employee of a private
company) without a law degree, and are usually patent attorneys working for law
firms, or inside patent departments of large corporations (Nokia, Airbus, 3M,
Orange, Agfa, etc…).
Benjamin Henrion, president of FFII, call for their immediate removal:
“Nokia as part time judge at the Unified Patent Court, this is a joke
right? Europe is witnessing corporate capture of its Justice system.
This is a frontal attack on the independence of the judge, andjudges
should not receive any side salary. This is worse than the case of
Polish judges.”
Nokia has been very active a patent troll company, and is eager to influence
the Unified Patent Court validating software patents in Europe, without any
possible involvement of the European Court of Justice.
In the history of the project, there were rules forbidding this corporate
capture of Judges in the failed European Patent Litigation Agreement (EPLA)
project in 2004, banning any side remunerated activity:
CHAPTER I JUDGES – Article 6 Incompatibility of other functions
(1) Apart from being members of other courts orboards of appeal of
the European Patent Office or national patent offices, judges of the
European Patent Court shall not pursue any gainful occupation unless
authorised by the Executive Committee. Nor shall they occupy any
political or administrative office.
— Draft Statute of the European Patent Court, Working Party on Litigation,
16.2.2004 https://www.uaipit.com/uploads/legislacion/files/1259753423_3_EPLA-
20040216-Draft_Statute_of_EPCourt.pdf
There is also jurisprudence (Grosam Vs Czech Republic) at the European Court of
Human Rights (ECHR) in Strasbourg on violation of Art6(1) with side
remuneration of judges:
(iii) The existence of guarantees against outside pressure
134. As concerns the existence of guarantees against outside
pressure, the Court observes that two-thirds of the chamber’s
members, the lay assessors, worked and received their salaries
outside, which inevitably involved their material, hierarchical and
administrative dependence on their primary employers and thereby
could endangered both their independence and impartiality (see
Oleksandr Volkov, cited above, § 113).
— Grosam Vs Czech Republic, European Court of Human Rights, 2022
https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-217806%22]}
Countries participating in the Unified Patent Court Agreement (UPCA) seem to
wilfully ignore those rules, and some politicians want the Agreement to enter
into force at any cost.
§ Links⠀➾
* Techrights: List of elected Technical Judges together with their
corporate affiliations http://techrights.org/2022/11/06/malicious-lobby-
for-moles-as-judges/
* Patentblog KluwerIPLaw: The UPC – Hopes and Headaches, by Thorsten
Bausch (Hoffmann_Eitle) http://patentblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/10/21/the-
upc-hopes-and-headaches/
* Grosam Vs Czech Republic, European Court of Human Rights, 2022 https://
hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-217806%22]}
* Draft Statute of the European Patent Court, Working Party on Litigation,
16.2.2004 https://www.uaipit.com/uploads/legislacion/files/
1259753423_3_EPLA-20040216-Draft_Statute_of_EPCourt.pdf
* Heise: Trotz Streit über Richter: Frühe Anträge auf EU-Einheitspatent ab
Januar möglich https://www.heise.de/news/Trotz-Streit-ueber-Richter-
Fruehe-Antraege-auf-EU-Einheitspatent-ab-Januar-moeglich-7341293.html
* JUVE: Patent attorney dominance among UPC technical judges leads to
conflict debate https://www.juve-patent.com/news-and-stories/people-and-
business/patent-attorney-dominance-among-upc-technical-judges-leads-to-
conflict-debate/
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣆⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣻⠿⡿⠿⠟⢿⡘⣛⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⠿⣿⠋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠁⠙⠁⠓⠈⠘⠉⠀⠀⠐⠢⠙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢛⠟⠻
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢙⣯⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣾⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⠈⢳⠀⡅⠐⠀⠀⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡍⢹⣿⣿⣿⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⠲⠛⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢨⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢑⢪⠁⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠛⠛⠈⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⣭⠛⢠⠀⠀
⠟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢿⣧⡀⣀⣠⣤⣄⠀⠐⢴⣤⣶⣶⣦⣤⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠰⠀⠀⠻⠇⠎⠀⠀
⠠⣶⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠁⠀⠈⠈⠙⠛⠀⠀⢈⠋⠛⠛⠋⠚⠁⠀⣦⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢀⡗⠀⠠⠀
⠀⠀⠙⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢅⣼⣿⡟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣟⢩⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡾⠟⠻⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⣵⣾⠍⢿⣧⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⡉⠳⠶⠶⠂⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣼⣿⣿⠇⢀⡀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠛⠉⠂⠀⠀⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢿⡷⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡿⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠙⠋⠙⠠⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠲⣶⣿⣿⣽⠃⢶⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⢷⣆⣰⣄⣳⢸⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠔⠀⣹⣷⣄⠑⠀⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠃⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠛⠑⠈⠁⠈⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣄⡠⠀⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣵⣴⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⡤
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡽⠛⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠀⠈⠀⠀⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡐⠓⡁⠊⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⢉⣮⠛⢟⠉⠀⠀
⣦⣤⣤⡠⣀⡄⠀⠀⡀⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢇⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⢿⡂⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣠⣷⡐⠂⠀⠈⠿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⡟⠌⢠⠖⡀
⠛⠿⠿⠾⣻⡆⠀⠀⠣⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡃⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣾⡠⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠠⢴⣿⣿⣧⡦⠴⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡛⢒⣃⠵⡾⣿⠶⡅
⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣦⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⢂⠀⠀⠘⣸⡇⣠⣾⣷⡀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣰⣿⣿⡆⣌⣧⡔⣤⣄⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣆⣰⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠱⠶⠂⠀⠀⠘⣿⡉⠉⠉⢹⡏⢉⢉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⡐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣁⣶⣀⡢⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡟⠃⣄⡀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡗⠀⠀⢨⠇⠊⢪⣵⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠀⠙⣿⣿⡉⣪⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⢷⣶⠶⣶⠶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1034
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_22/11/2022:_Alpine_Linux_3.17_and_Tails_5.7⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 2:01 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Audiocasts/Shows
o Graphics_Stack
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o Games
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o Alpine_Releases
o SUSE/OpenSUSE
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Debian_Family
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Open_Hardware/Modding
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers
o Programming/Development
# Perl_/_Raku
* Leftovers
o Science
o Education
o Hardware
o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
o Proprietary
o Security
# Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
# Privacy/Surveillance
o Defence/Aggression
o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting
o Environment
# Energy
# Wildlife/Nature
# Overpopulation
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Censorship/Free_Speech
o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
o Civil_Rights/Policing
o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
o Monopolies
# Copyrights
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal
o Technical
# Internet/Gemini
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Late_Night_Linux_–_Episode_204_–_Late_Night_Linux⠀⇛
Python comes to Arduino, a look at the new version
of Fedora Silverblue, Linux helps Windows work with
old printers, running your own Mastodon instance,
remastering Ubuntu ISOs, and more. With guest host
Alan Pope (popey).
# ⚓ Video ☛ Cinnamon_Desktop_Updates_|_What_is_Coming_Soon_to
Linux_Mint_–_Invidious⠀⇛
Here we review the upcoming changes to the Cinnamon
Desktop by the Linux Mint team.
# ⚓ Video ☛ Are_Distro_Reviews_Pointless?_Are_They_HARMFUL?_
(Rant_Incoming!)_–_Invidious⠀⇛
There has been a lot of recent discussions in the
Linux sphere about Linux “distro reviews” and
whether they are good content. Some have asserted
that distro reviews are pointless. Some have even
stated that such videos are harmful. As someone who
has made literally hundreds of these kinds of
videos, I’ll share with you my thoughts and some of
my experiences.
o § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ NVIDIA_515.86.01_Linux_Graphics_Driver_Is_Out
with_Marvel’s_Spider-Man_Remastered_Fix⠀⇛
NVIDIA 515.86.01 is a small release that only
brings an updated nvidia-settings control panel,
which now correctly limits the allowed values for
the GPUTargetFanSpeed option to match existing
valid fan speed ranges on supported NVIDIA graphics
cards. According to NVIDIA, valid ranges are 30%-
100% for Ampere or newer GPUs, and 1%-100% for
older NVIDIA GPUs.
In addition to the updated nvidia-settings control
panel, the NVIDIA 515.86.01 release also improves
support for the Marvel’s Spider-Man Remastered
video game by addressing a bug where the game could
crash with “Xid 13” errors on Turing and later
NVIDIA graphics cards. This issue only affected
Linux users.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Slack_Alternative_Zulip_6.0_Releases_With
Massive_Upgrades⠀⇛
Zulip is a free and open-source team communication
platform that offers a range of customization
options, unlike Slack.
We looked at it last year, and it seemed like a
promising open-source alternative to Slack with its
features and accessibility.
It is free to get started using its official hosted
version on the web but comes with certain
restrictions (like message history retention limit
and no custom branding).
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ VLC_3.0.18_Is_Out_with_RISC-V_Support,_DVBSub
Support_Inside_MKV,_SMBv2_Improvements⠀⇛
VLC 3.0.18 is here more than eight months after VLC
3.0.17 and introduces support for the RISC-
V hardware architecture, DVBSub support inside MKV
files, Y16 chroma support, as well as a major
adaptive streaming update, notably for multiple
timelines and WebVTT (Web Video Text Tracks
Format).
This release also brings various enhancements to
the application to improve seeking in OGG files,
seeking in some fragmented MP4 files, playback of
some FLAC files, SMBv1 and SMBv2 behavior, and FTP
compatibility.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Network World ☛ Using_the_zip_and_zipcloak_commands_on
Linux [Ed: Those are computer programs, not commands, and
they're not connected to Linux itself]⠀⇛
Both the Linux zip and zipcloak commands can create
encrypted zip files, but they have some important
and interesting differences. Here’s what you need
to know about how they work and what you should
understand when using them.
# ⚓ Manuel Matuzovic ☛ Day_41:_custom_properties_and_url()s⠀⇛
Let’s say you want to swap the background image of
an element based on a certain condition, like
whether it’s pressed, using custom properties.
# ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ How_to_Use_Image_Viewer_on_Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛
To view your digital images and pictures, Raspberry
Pi comes with a built-in Image Viewer application,
which allows users to view their digital gallery,
use various features like rotate, zoom in, zoom
out, flip, and adjust the size of the image, and
many others. This tutorial will provide a guide on
how to use Image Viewer on the Raspberry Pi system.
# ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ How_to_Reboot_directly_into_another_OS
from_Ubuntu_22.04_|_22.10_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛
This simple tutorial shows how to reboot your
machine into another OS or grub boot menu entry
directly from Ubuntu.
Say you have Ubuntu dual- or multi-boot with other
operating systems, and want to reboot directly into
a specific OS when working done in current Ubuntu.
Or you want to reboot with another Kernel or maybe
recovery mode without any keyboard press while
booting. This tutorial may help.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Lua_Scripting_Language_on_Ubuntu
20.04_|_22.04_LTS⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Lua Programming Language in Ubuntu systems
Lua is a lightweight, high-level, multi-paradigm
programming language designed primarily for
embedded use in applications. Lua is cross-
platform, since the interpreter of compiled
bytecode is written in ANSI C, and Lua has a
relatively simple C API to embed it into
applications.
Lua originated in 1993 as a language for extending
software applications to meet the increasing demand
for customization at the time. It provided the
basic facilities of most procedural programming
languages, but more complicated or domain-specific
features were not included; rather, it included
mechanisms for extending the language, allowing
programmers to implement such features. As Lua was
intended to be a general embeddable extension
language, the designers of Lua focused on improving
its speed, portability, extensibility, and ease-of-
use in development.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_qBittorrent_on_Debian_11/10/
Sid⠀⇛
qBittorrent is a cross-platform free and open-
source BitTorrent client that is extremely
lightweight and fast. qBittorrent is very popular
amongst torrent users as the main alternative to
µTorrent. It uses Boost, Qt 5 toolkit, and the
libtorrent-rasterbar library. qBittorrent has been
around for over a decade and has seen many new
features added, such as support for IPv6, a new
search engine, an improved Web UI, an integrated
torrent search engine, and much more.
For Debian users, qBittorrent is probably one of
the best options for users seeking a balanced
torrent client with advanced features without an
over-complicated UI while keeping bloat to a
minimum; as most know, Debian excels in keeping
itself as lean as possible.
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
install qBittorrent on Debian 11, 10, or even Sid
desktop GUI version or install qBittorrent-nox,
which can be installed on a desktop or headless
server using the command line terminal to access
the WEB UI, which can be accessed remotely and set
up on a VPS if required for a seedbox.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_XanMod_Kernel_on_Ubuntu
22.10/22.04/20.04⠀⇛
The Linux Kernel is the heart of any GNU/Linux
operating system. It manages the communication
between the software and hardware and provides a
platform for running applications. The default
kernel provided with Ubuntu is good for most users,
but it lacks some features and options that are
available in other kernels. XanMod is a free, open-
source alternative to the stock kernel with Ubuntu.
It features custom settings and new features that
are designed to provide a responsive and smooth
desktop experience, especially for new hardware.
For users who would benefit the most using XanMod,
it is popular among Linux users who want better
gaming performance, streaming quality, or ultra-low
latency requirements and often boasts the latest
Linux kernels before landing on most distributions.
Most desktop users are not even into gaming but
want a new kernel for better hardware support,
making XanMod one of the more popular choices. I
would recommend for more information on XanMod
Kernel before installing, visit the XanMod Kernel
features information page.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Node.js_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛
Since you’ll be adding their repository to the
system, you’ll also get updates on the installed
Node.js version directly from the source.
You can also use Snap to get Node on Ubuntu. I’ll
discuss that method in the later sections of this
article.
Sounds good? Make up your mind about the Node
version you want to install and follow the
instructions below.
Oh, wait! You need to make sure that curl is
installed on your Ubuntu system.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Memcached_on_Ubuntu_22.10/
22.04/20.04⠀⇛
Memcached can be extremely useful for speeding up
response times on dynamic websites. Because the
software resides in RAM and not on external storage
devices, it can take advantage of when your website
needs information quickly without waiting. When
used correctly, Memcached can significantly improve
the user experience on your website by reducing
latency and increasing the overall speed of
response times. Additionally, because Memcached is
open-source, anyone can use it without paying
licensing fees. However, because Memcached relies
on RAM, it can be expensive to scale up if you have
a large website with a lot of traffic. Overall,
Memcached can be a great way to improve the
performance of your website, but you need to
carefully consider whether or not it is the right
solution for your specific needs.
The following tutorial will teach you how to
install and configure Memcached on your Ubuntu
22.10, 22.04, and 20.04 Linux system and some basic
configuration examples.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_uGet_Download_Manager_on_Ubuntu
20.04_|_22.04_LTS⠀⇛
In this guide, we will show you how to install uGet
Download manager in Ubuntu systems.
uGet is a lightweight yet powerful Open Source
download manager for GNU/Linux developed with GTK+,
which also comes packaged as a portable Windows
app.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Tabby_Terminal_on_Ubuntu_20.04_|
22.04_LTS⠀⇛
So in this article, we will show you how to install
Tabby Terminal in your Ubuntu systems.
Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable
terminal emulator, SSH and serial client for
Windows, macOS and Linux.
Tabby is an infinitely customizable cross-platform
terminal app for local shells, serial, SSH and
Telnet connections.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Papirus_Icon_Theme_on_Ubuntu
20.04_|_22.04_LTS⠀⇛
In this guide, we will show you how to install
Papirus Icon Theme on Ubuntu systems.
Papirus is a free and open source SVG icon theme
for Linux, based on Paper Icon Set with a lot of
new icons and a few extras, like Hardcode-Tray
support, KDE colorscheme support, Folder Color
support, and others.
# ⚓ Linux Handbook ☛ Enable_Timestamp_in_History_Command_in
Linux⠀⇛
You are familiar with the history command in Linux.
It lets you see which commands you ran in the past.
But there is one issue. By default, the history
command does not show when the command was executed
(with date and time).
This could be helpful in some cases to know the
time when a certain command was executed last.
And in this quick tip, I will show you how you can
enable timestamps in the history command.
# ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Copying_files_from_Host_to_Docker_Container⠀⇛
When running containers, you may have files that
you need to copy from the host machine into the
container. This can be for a number of reasons,
such as configuration files that are specific to
your environment and cannot be sourced from
standard locations or if you want to leverage a
private registry like Atlas as part of your
workflow. If this sounds like something you need in
your workflow, continue reading this blog post to
learn more about how it’s done! There are multiple
ways of doing this but the following is the most
common. Keep reading to learn more…
# ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ Linux_Logical_Volume_Manager_(LVM)_Guide_–
OSTechNix⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we are going to learn about Linux
Volume Management. We will see what is LVM in
Linux, advantages of LVM, how to create Volume
group and Logical volumes in Linux with examples.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ A_Game_Boy_Advance_–_Downgraded!⠀⇛
We feature a large number of game console mods
here, because enhancing the experience of using a
classic machine often involves some really clever
work. But here’s one that’s a bit different,
instead of upgrading his Game Boy Advance, [Wenting
Zhang] has downgraded it from a colour screen to a
monochrome LCD. Take a look at the video below the
break.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Half-Life_2,_Portal,_Portal_2,_Left_4_Dead
2_all_get_upgraded_with_DXVK_2.0_Vulkan⠀⇛
With the recent release of DXVK 2.0, the Direct3D 9
/ 10 / 11 to Vulkan translation layer, it pulled in
DXVK-Native for Native Linux builds and so Valve
has upgraded Half-Life 2, Portal, Portal 2, Left 4
Dead 2.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Inspired_by_F.E.A.R.,_the_retro_FPS
‘Selaco’_is_getting_a_big_demo_upgrade⠀⇛
Possibly one of the most promising retro-styled FPS
games coming to Linux, Selaco is getting a huge
demo upgrade next month. Built with GZDoom, it’s
ridiculously impressive with so much going on it’s
hard to believe it’s using that game engine.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Take_on_Chess-based_enemies_in_the
roguelike_Chess_Survivors⠀⇛
Another developer attempting to turn the classic
Chess into something weird and wonderful. Chess
Survivors takes set pieces and moves from Chess,
sticks it into a blender and out came a grid based,
quick-turn, roguelike.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ This_might_be_the_most_expensive_and_over
the_top_Steam_Deck_bag_I’ve_seen_yet⠀⇛
WaterField Designs, maker of various luxury
accessories for different types of hardware, has
announced their “Complete Case for Steam Deck”
ready for all your travelling.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Broforce_is_coming_back_for_more_action_in
2023_with_‘Broforce_Forever’⠀⇛
Broforce Forever is the name of a new free update
coming to the crazy action-platform Broforce,
sometime in early 2023.
# ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ OpenRazer_v3.5.0_adds_more_device_support
on_Linux⠀⇛
OpenRazer, the project that aims to build up a
collection of Linux drivers for various Razer
devices version 3.5.0 is out now. Razer are a
typical hardware vendor, not supporting Linux
directly and so OpenRazer has ended up pretty
essential to get the most out of your Razer
devices.
# ⚓ Terence Eden ☛ Someone_turned_my_game_into_a_comic!⠀⇛
Hello readers! Way back in 2015, I wrote a “Choose
Your Own Adventure” game using Twitter.
I think it is fair to say that it is the best
computer game I’ve ever published. And probably the
only time I’ll ever be reviewed in The Guardian and
Kotaku!
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o ⚓ [Ultimate_Edition]_Reality_Sinks_in.⠀⇛
One thing I do not do is lie. Yes, that is installed.
Supports UEFI, syslinux (non UEFI) secure boot, line it
up. It is online. Smokes the breaks of Ultimate Edition
Linux, yes it is Arch based. Does it have Ultimate
Edition Linux software built in? The answer is yes again.
Repostorm took care of that & yes it is built in. Does it
have a GUI based installer? Once again yes.
What is a Rolling release? There is no Ultimate Edition
7.7 release, it just keeps rolling. Software
automatically updates. I went though hell to ensure that
is exactly what happens.
o § Alpine Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Alpine_Linux_3.17_Officially_Released_with_Full
Rust_Support,_OpenSSL_3.0_by_Default⠀⇛
Still powered by the long-term supported Linux 5.15
LTS kernel series, Alpine Linux 3.17 is here six
months after Alpine Linux 3.16 and comes with
OpenSSL 3.0 as the default OpenSSL implementation,
Rust support on all available architectures, and
support for the latest GNOME 43 and KDE Plasma 5.26
desktop environments.
Alpine Linux 3.17 also ships with some of the most
recent GNU/Linux and Open Source technologies like
GCC 12, LLVM 15, GNU Bash 5.2, Kea 2.2, Perl 5.36,
PostgreSQL 15, Node.js 18.12 LTS and 19.1, Ceph
17.2, Go 1.19, Rust 1.64, and .NET 7.0.100.
# ⚓ Alpine_3.17.0_released_|_Alpine_Linux⠀⇛
We are pleased to announce the release of Alpine
Linux 3.17.0, the first in the v3.17 stable series.
o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ OpenSUSE ☛ ALP_Work_Group_Seeks_High-Level_Consuming_Ideas
–_openSUSE_News⠀⇛
Members of the openSUSE Project will gather
tomorrow in the project’s online meeting room at
14:30 UTC for a Work Group to discuss high-level
ideas, and the group will seek to idenfity
requirements needed for consuming community
software with SUSE’s Adaptable Linux Platform.
“We’re in a different position than with Leap 15 as
ALP is developed fully in the open, therefore we
can build on top of something which is already
public,” wrote openSUSE Leap Release Manager Lubos
Kocman in an email to the project. “We’re not
looking for any implementation details, but rather
high-level ideas and requirements.”
All attendees are asked to make themselves familiar
with the current state of the ALP prototype, the
work of the D-Installer and other aspects
associated with development. The Work Group is for
those who have tried ALP or for those who want to
follow along.
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Herman Õunapuu ☛ I_have_a_‘Dall_UD19PB_ThundeRbglt_Dock’:
my_experience_with_the_HP_Elitebook_845_G9⠀⇛
This is simply my experience with this laptop,
including my attempts to overcome certain issues
with workarounds. If you find something that’s
factually wrong about any part of this post, then
please reach out!
o § Debian Family⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Debian-Based_Tails_5.7_Anonymous_OS_Adds_New
Metadata_Cleaner_Tool,_Latest_Tor_Updates⠀⇛
Synced with the upstream software repositories of
the Debian GNU/Linux 11 “Bullseye” operating system
series and still powered by the Linux 5.10 LTS
kernel series, Tails 5.7 is here to introduce a new
tool that promises to let you clean metadata from
your files. The tool is called Metadata Cleaner and
comes as a drop-in replacement for MAT, which it
uses as a backend, supporting the same file formats
and offering the same level of security.
# ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ Tails_5.7_OS_Released_with_a_Newly_Added
Privacy-Oriented_Tool⠀⇛
Focused on security, Tails 5.7 comes with an
updated Tor browser and Metadata Cleaner, a tool to
view and clean metadata in files.
Tails (The Amnesic Incognito Live System) is a
Debian-based distro that differs from all other
Linux distributions in that it is a live system
solely focused on privacy.
The distribution is intended for security paranoids
looking for maximum personal security and anonymity
on the Internet. But, of course, this has its
drawbacks.
For example, your changes don’t get saved because
it is primarily designed to run from a USB stick.
So, as soon as you reboot, everything goes to
default.
# ⚓ Tails ☛ Tails_5.7_is_out⠀⇛
When we switched to MAT 0.8.0 in Tails 4.0, MAT
lost its graphical interface and was only
accessible from the contextual menu of the Files
browser. It became especially hard for new users of
Tails to learn how to clean their files. Metadata
Cleaner fixes this by providing a simple and easily
discoverable graphic interface to remove metadata.
Metadata Cleaner works on the same file formats and
is as secure as MAT because Metadata Cleaner also
uses MAT in the background to do the actual
cleaning.
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Accelerate_automotive_3D_models_with_vGPU⠀⇛
In previous blog posts, we’ve covered digital twins
in the automotive industry and how they can help
further the development of autonomous vehicles,
among other use cases. We’ve also explored how to
speed up development in distributed engineering
teams cost effectively with virtual desktop
infrastructure (VDI) with virtual graphics
processing units (vGPUs), like those from NVIDIA.
3D models are a key component for building digital
twins. You might be convinced that virtualisation
is great and that vGPUs are your best option for
handling graphically intensive operations like 3D
models, but first, what are vGPUs exactly? And how
can they help you build and simulate your 3D
projects?
# ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Empowering_developers_in_financial_services_with
desktop_as_a_service⠀⇛
The pandemic has accelerated the trend toward
remote working environments but it also pushed
governance and security issues to the top of the
priority list for IT departments within financial
institutions. Employees, and developers in
particular, need the technological agility to work
remotely given the hybrid workplace model being
adopted by the majority of organisations. For
financial institutions, it’s key to have a reliable
and performant remote desktop solution that is easy
for mobile workers to use, yet highly secure.
Business and technology leaders at financial
institutions are increasingly taking a cloud-first
approach to remote work applications, including
hyperscale-based desktop as a service solutions.
o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Russell Graves ☛ Keropunk_Part_4:_Kerosene_Heaters_Thermal
Images_and_Operating_Notes⠀⇛
I think this will end up being the last of the
keropunk series for now – though I reserve the
right to write more of them in the future! This
week’s post is going into a bit more detail about
the kerosene heaters, doing my usual thermal
imaging, and looking at some of the economics of
various heat sources.
# ⚓ Purism ☛ How_Purism_is_Advancing_Made_in_USA_Electronics⠀⇛
If you are curious to know how and why it matters
where your phone is manufactured, CNBC’s new short
documentary is for you. “Purism is one American
company that has been able to do what many are
calling the impossible” it says.
CNBC wanted to find out why tech giants aren’t
making smartphones in America. Take a look at
Purism’s effort to make electronics in the USA. The
video takes you into our factories to show you we
produce Librem 5 USA, privacy-first phone with Made
in USA electronics. They also published a news
article here.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ How_To_Repair?_The_Death_Of_Schematics⠀⇛
There was a time when, if you were handy with a
soldering iron, you could pretty easily open up a
radio or TV repair business. You might not get
rich, but you could make a good living. And if you
had enough business savvy to do sales too, you
could do well. These days there aren’t many repair
shops and it isn’t any wonder. The price of labor
is up and the price of things like TVs drops every
day. What’s worse is today’s TV is not only cheaper
than last year’s model, but probably also better.
Besides that, TVs are full of custom parts you
can’t get and jam-packed into smaller and smaller
cases.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Reverse_Engineering_“The_Seven_Words_(and_More)
You_Can’t_Say_On_TV”⠀⇛
For as visionary as he was, [George Carlin] vastly
underestimated the situation with his classic
“Seven Words You Can’t Say on TV” bit. At least
judging by [Ben Eater]’s reverse engineering of the
“TVGuardian Foul Language Filter” device, it seems
like the actual number is at least 20 times that.
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Portable_ESP32_RGB_Lasershow_Has_All_The
Trimmings⠀⇛
Perhaps there was a time when fancy laser effects
were beyond those without the largest of bank
accounts, but today they can be created
surprisingly easily. [Corebb] shows us how with a
neat unit using an off the shelf RGB laser module
and mirror module, driven by a ESP32 with software
designed to make it as easy as possible to use.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ SamMobile ☛ Here’s_Samsung’s_Android_13_update_release
timeline_for_the_Netherlands_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ SamMobile ☛ Samsung_Galaxy_Z_Fold_4_gets_stable_Android_13
update_in_Europe_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gadgets Now ☛ samsung:_Samsung_Galaxy_A14_5G_appears_again
on_Geekbench,_rumoured_to_feature_Android_13⠀⇛
# ⚓ Dignited ☛ Enhance_your_Android_TV_experience_with_the
Google_Home_app_–_Dignited⠀⇛
# ⚓ Digital Trends ☛ The_Pixel_7_is_Google’s_iPhone,_and_that’s
why_I_love_it_|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛
# ⚓ Giz China ☛ OnePlus_11_will_heat_up_the_Android_smartphone
market!⠀⇛
# ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Android_Auto_weather_icon_returns,_but_removed
from_redesign⠀⇛
# ⚓ Huawei_HarmonyOS_ecosystem_will_be_stronger_than_Android_–
Huawei_Central⠀⇛
# ⚓ SamMobile ☛ Samsung_Galaxy_A71_Android_13_(One_UI_5.0)
update_is_now_live!_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ Motorola_Android_12_update_and_bugs_tracker_
(cont.updated)⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Headlines ☛ Android_OS-based_smartphones_dominate
Australian_markets⠀⇛
# ⚓ Express ☛ Google_bans_another_Android_app!_All_UK_phone
users_must_delete_it_now_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Police ☛ Google_wants_to_trim_the_size_of_Android
TV_apps_by_May_2023⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Headlines ☛ 3_methods_to_download_video_from
YouTube_on_Android/PC⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o ⚓ Computer Weekly ☛ How_Singapore’s_OCBC_is_harnessing_open
source⠀⇛
That has since changed, with 86% of IT leaders in the
financial services industry now endorsing enterprise open
source at a time when flexibility and innovation was
needed most, according to Red Hat’s 2022 state of
enterprise open source report.
Indeed, to Singapore’s OCBC Bank, the need for
flexibility and innovation had been behind its decision
to embrace open source as it faces more competition from
emerging fintech firms and neobanks.
o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾
# ⚓ uni Toronto ☛ Using_curl_to_test_alternate_(test)_servers
for_a_web_site⠀⇛
As I learned today, curl has an option to support
this sort of mismatch between the server’s official
name and where it actually is. Actually it has more
than one of them, but let’s start with –resolve:
[...]
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ Daniel Miessler ☛ AI_is_About_to_Feel_Like_AGI,_and_You
Need_to_Get_Ready⠀⇛
I’ve been doing this for months already using GPT-
3, and I’m completely stunned by what it can do
with, say, a security news story. I can give it the
body of an article and it can tell me who the
attacker was, who the defender was, what technique
they used in their attack, and tons of other
important analysis. It’s insane. And to the point
of my previous article, it’s precisely what we
thought could only come from an AGI.
# ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Find_bugs_with_the_git_bisect_command⠀⇛
Have you ever found a bug in code and needed to
know when it was first introduced? Chances are,
whoever committed the bug didn’t declare it in
their Git commit message. In some cases, it might
have been present for weeks, months, or even years,
meaning you would need to search through hundreds
or thousands of commits to find when the problem
was introduced. This is the problem that git bisect
was built to solve!
The git bisect command is a powerful tool that
quickly checks out a commit halfway between a known
good state and a known bad state and then asks you
to identify the commit as either good or bad. Then
it repeats until you find the exact commit where
the code in question was first introduced.
This “mathmagical” tool works by leveraging the
power of halving. No matter how many steps you need
to get through, by looking at the halfway point and
deciding if it is the new top or bottom of the list
of commits, you can find any desired commit in a
handful of steps. Even if you have 10,000 commits
to hunt through, it only takes a maximum of 13
steps to find the first offending commit.
# ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Introducing_Rust_calls_to_C_library
functions⠀⇛
Why call C functions from Rust? The short answer is
software libraries. A longer answer touches on
where C stands among programming languages in
general and towards Rust in particular. C, C++, and
Rust are systems languages, which give programmers
access to machine-level data types and operations.
Among these three systems languages, C remains the
dominant one. The kernels of modern operating
systems are written mainly in C, with assembly
language accounting for the rest. The standard
system libraries for input and output, number
crunching, cryptography, security, networking,
internationalization, string processing, memory
management, and more, are likewise written mostly
in C. These libraries represent a vast
infrastructure for applications written in any
other language. Rust is well along the way to
providing fine libraries of its own, but C
libraries—around since the 1970s and still
growing—are a resource not to be ignored. Finally,
C is still the lingua franca among programming
languages: most languages can talk to C and,
through C, to any other language that does so.
# § Perl / Raku⠀➾
# ⚓ DEV Community ☛ Is_local_a_bad_part_in_Perl?⠀⇛
Q. What should be used instead of local?
Using my in all Perl programs is recommended
strongly.
my $foo;
This is called a lexical variable. This is
strange name we don’t usually hear in daily
life.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ [Old] Social_media_says_not_to_Black_Friday_with_“Buy_Nothing
Day”⠀⇛
In backlash to the chaos of ‘Black Friday’, consumers are
taking to social media to fight back against the spending
day. Using the hashtag #buynothingday, consumers are
boycotting the post-Thanksgiving shopping day, where
retailers infamously cut prices in order to free up space
for holiday merchandise and rack up sales. The “Buy
Nothing Day’ campaign is now in its 24th year.
Buy Nothing Day encourages consumers to not spend
anything for 24 hours, and instead, use the time and
energy to spend time with friends and family. The pointed
campaign now exists in 60 countries.
o ⚓ [Old] Greenpeace ☛ Your_Non-Shopping_Shopping_List:_Buy_Nothing
and_Still_Get_What_You_Need_on_Black_Friday⠀⇛
This is not to say that it’s never ok to want or need
things – I myself am an object enthusiast. But it is an
opportunity to re-evaluate how much and what we buy, and
think about alternative ways of accessing them beyond
buying new all the time.
So here are 7 activities for you to try on Buy Nothing
Day this year that can be carried over into your year-
round relationship with things (jump to a section:
declutter, swap, repair, make, borrow, bake, donate).
o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ A_Twenty-First_Century Invisible_Man?⠀⇛
One morning he wakes, sees the phone under his pillow,
digs it out and reads the time. A few pages further on,
the same sentence reappears, only this time Chong
provides the near precise time on the phone: almost eight
a.m. The identical sentence shows up again and again and
again and again with one or two slight variations.
What’s going on? A reader might ask. Can’t Chong write
the sentence and leave it be? One answer might be that
Brandon is a creature of his phone and addicted to it.
When the author wants to convey information he shows
rather than tells. Also, when he infuses his novel with
ideas, he usually allows the characters to express them
rather than convey them directly to the reader in his own
voice. One protagonist says, “There is so much goddamn
corporate obfuscation around buzzwords and meaningless
lingo.” He adds, “Our planet is dying. We no longer have
the resources to sustain our growth.”
o ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Death_of_Truth⠀⇛
o ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Pest_Control⠀⇛
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ The Revelator ☛ How_(and_Why)_I_Planned_a_40-City_Book_Tour
About_Shark_Science_and_Conservation⠀⇛
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_School_Vouchers_Are_Great_If_You
Want_to_Kill_Quality_Education_and_Expand_Bigotry⠀⇛
Let’s be honest. At best, school vouchers are a
failed education policy experiment. At worst,
they’re an attempt to normalize bigotry.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ 225_Groups_Urge_Biden_to_Extend_Student
Loan_Payment_Pause_During_Court_Fights⠀⇛
A coalition of 225 organizations on Monday
pressured the Biden administration to extend a
pause on federal student loan repayments that is
set to expire at the end of this year given GOP
lawsuits targeting the plan to cancel up to $20,000
in debt per borrower.
“These borrowers deserve more than another broken
promise.”
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Making_SVD_Files_Searchable_With_Svd2db⠀⇛
Everyone who writes bare-metal code for
microcontrollers probably know the joys of looking
up the details of specific registers in the
reference manual, including their absolute address.
Although the search function of the PDF viewer can
be helpful, it’d be rather nice if there was a way
to search only the registers, and have the offset
calculations performed automatically. This is
basically what [Terry Porter]’s Svd2db tool
enables. As the name suggests, this tool turns the
SVD hardware description files that come with ARM-
based MCUs into a database file.
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ iTWire_–_TSMC_founder_Chang_announces_new_3nm
chip_factory_for_Arizona⠀⇛
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company founder
Morris Chang appears to have had a complete change
of mind about setting up new chip units in the US,
announcing on Monday that the company would
manufacture 3nm semiconductors at a new factory in
Arizona.
Reuters reported Chang, now in his 90s, made the
announcement in Taipei after he returned from
attending the APEC summit in Thailand, adding that
plans were not yet completely finalised.
The 3nm plant would be located at the same site in
Arizona as a 5nm plant announced in May 2020,
according to Chang.
On two occasions in the past, Chang has expressed
serious doubts about the chances of success were
TSMC to set up another chip plant in the US.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Aromatase_inhibitors_and_acupuncture_in_breast_cancer⠀⇛
Before the pandemic, acupuncture was a frequent
topic on this blog because it was a perfect example
of what I mean when I distinguish between evidence-
based medicine (EBM) and science-based medicine
(SBM). In evidence-based medicine, randomized
controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses
of RCTs are at the very top of the pyramid of
evidence. In general, this is a reasonable pyramid
of evidence with a caveat: The treatments being
tested need to have biological plausibility as well
as preclinical (cell culture and animal studies)
and early clinical evidence, such as small
preliminary clinical trials, to justify RCTs. Where
this concept breaks down is for what is now known
as “integrative medicine“, having
been rebranded from its previous name,
“complementary and alternative medicine” (CAM). The
reason is that the treatments being “integrated”
into “integrative medicine” by and large tend to be
treatments that have very low biological
plausibility and/or are based on prescientific
mysticism and belief, such as homeopathy, reiki and
other forms of “energy medicine“, and, yes,
acupuncture, particularly for conditions for which
the primary endpoints are subjective and therefore
very prone to placebo effects; for example, pain
due to aromatase inhibitors used to treat breast
cancer, a topic that I’m revisiting for this post.
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Georgia_Set_to_Become_Only_State_With_Work
Requirements_for_Medicaid_Coverage⠀⇛
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Across_Africa,_Water_Conflict_Threatens
Security,_Health,_and_the_Environment⠀⇛
The global population is estimated to reach around
9.6 billion people by 2050. This is triple the
number of humans on the planet just a few decades
ago, having to exist with the same amount of water,
not taking into account the nonhuman animals and
plants that also rely on water to survive.
More than a third of the planet’s population living
without access to clean, safe water live in sub-
Saharan Africa. And nearly two-thirds—some four
billion people—live in water-scarce areas. With
this number set to steadily rise, the United
Nations predictsthat around 700 million people
across the world might be “displaced by intense
water scarcity” by 2030.
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Austin_AFL-CIO_Council_Urges_Biden_to_End
Medicare_Privatization_Scheme⠀⇛
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Austin_AFL-CIO_Council_Becomes_Latest_to
Urge_Biden_to_End_Medicare_Privatization_Scheme⠀⇛
The labor council of the Austin, Texas AFL-CIO has
passed a resolution urging the Biden administration
to terminate a Medicare privatization scheme that
is quietly moving ahead despite vocal opposition
from doctors, seniors, and progressive lawmakers.
The pilot program, which inserts private middlemen
between patients and healthcare providers, was
unveiled with little notice during the final months
of the Trump administration despite internal
concerns about its legality. The experiment has
since been largely upheld by the Biden
administration, which announced mostly cosmetic
changes earlier this year, winning applause from
industry groups that lobbied against complete
elimination of the program.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Oregon_Governor_Pardons_45,000_Marijuana
Offenders_in_Bid_to_‘Right_the_Wrongs’_of_Failed_Drug_War⠀⇛
Declaring her intent to “right the wrongs of a
flawed, inequitable, and outdated criminal justice
system,” outgoing Democratic Oregon Gov. Kate Brown
on Monday pardoned tens of thousands of people
convicted of simple marijuana offenses.
“Oregonians should never face housing insecurity,
employment barriers, and educational obstacles as a
result of doing something that is now completely
legal.”
# ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ The_journalist-run,_intelligence-linked
operation_that_warped_British_pandemic_policy⠀⇛
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Better_Air_Quality_Sensing_With_CO2⠀⇛
Measuring air quality, as anyone who has tried to
tackle this problem can attest, is not as
straightforward as it might seem. Even once the
nebulous term “quality” is defined, most sensors
use something as a proxy for overall air health.
One common method is to use volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) as this proxy but as [Larry Bank]
found out, using these inside a home with a
functional kitchen leads to a lot of inaccurate
readings. In the search for a more reliable sensor,
he built this project which uses CO2 to help gauge
air quality.
o § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Microsoft_feedback_product_being_exploited_to
send_phishing_links⠀⇛
In a statement, researchers from Avanan, a company
owned by Check Point Software, said the attackers
were using Microsoft Dynamics 365 Customer Voice to
send these links.
The company claimed to have seen a dramatic
increase these attacks in recent weeks, with
attackers using spoofed scanner notifications to
send malicious files. However, when asked to
quantify “dramatic increase”, Avanan could not
offer any specifics.
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ CVE-2021-33621:_HTTP_response_splitting_in_CGI⠀⇛
We have released the cgi gem version 0.3.5, 0.2.2,
and 0.1.0.2 that has a security fix for a HTTP
response splitting vulnerability. This
vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier
CVE-2021-33621.
# ⚓ Security Week ☛ Security_Researchers_Looking_at_Mastodon_as
Its_Popularity_Soars_|_SecurityWeek.Com⠀⇛
Cybersecurity researchers are increasingly looking
at Mastodon now that the decentralized social media
platform’s popularity has soared, and they have
started finding vulnerabilities and other security
issues.
After Elon Musk acquired Twitter, he made a series
of significant changes, including firing staff and
modifying features, which have had a negative
impact on the platform’s security. This has led to
a Twitter security chief resigning and the FTC
saying that they were deeply concerned.
# ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Tuesday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by Debian (ntfs-
3g), Fedora (krb5 and samba), Gentoo (firefox-bin,
ghostscript-gpl, pillow, sudo, sysstat,
thunderbird-bin, and xterm), Red Hat (firefox,
hsqldb, and thunderbird), SUSE (cni, cni-plugins,
and krb5), and Ubuntu (isc-dhcp and sqlite3).
# § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾
# ⚓ RTL ☛ You_can_soon_have_your_driving_license_on_your
smartphone⠀⇛
However, in October, Marc Hansen, Minister
Delegate for Digitalisation, explained that
it would probably not be possible to use this
license in Europe.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ [Sequoia-devel]_sequoia-openpgp:_1.11.0⠀⇛
The most notable change in this release is
support for v3 signatures.
RFC 4880 says: [...]
# ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Delegating_trust_is_really,_really,
really_hard_(infosec_edition):_Who_knows_what_secrets
lurk_in_your_browser’s_root_certificate_store?⠀⇛
All of this is published, videoed,
livestreamed, etc. It’s a real “defense in
depth” situation where you’d need a very big
conspiracy to subvert all the parts of the
system that need to work in order to steal
underlying secrets. Yes, bottom line, you’re
still trusting people, but in part you’re
trusting them not to be able to all keep a
secret from the rest of us.
The process for determining which CAs are
trusted by your browser is a lot less
transparent and, judging from experience, a
lot less thorough. Many of these CAs have
proven to be manifestly untrustworthy over
the years. There was Diginotar, a Dutch CA
whose bad security practices left it
vulnerable to a hack-attack: [...]
# ⚓ EFF ☛ EFF,_Coalition_of_California_Privacy_Advocates
Caution_Against_Weakening_CA_Privacy_Rights⠀⇛
In our comments, EFF and other privacy
advocates, criticized several changes to the
regulations that “appear to set up additional
barriers to consumers’ ability to exercise
their rights” under California’s landmark
privacy law. These include several changes
that loosen requirements for companies to
pass on consumer requests to delete, opt-out
of sale, or limit the use of sensitive
personal information. We also raise concerns
about the way the rules, as written, allow
businesses to complicate how they process
opt-out preference signals.
“This framework threatens to make the opt-out
preference signals an unusable mechanism to
communicate a consumer’s privacy choices,”
the comments said.
This is the second time that privacy groups
in California have filed joint comments on
the Agency’s proposed rules. You can find
comments on the most recent changes here.
# ⚓ EFF ☛ EFF_Files_Comments_on_the_FTC’s_Commercial
Surveillance_Rulemaking⠀⇛
EFF laid out many of its core principles on
data privacy regulation in ways that fall in
line with the FTC’s authority to address
unfair and deceptive practices and protect
the competitive process.
The comments urge the Commission to pay
attention to specific issue areas and
industries, including worker privacy, student
privacy, the privacy of daycare apps,
stalkerware, and location data brokers.
The comments also emphasize the need for the
FTC to play a active role in protecting
Americans’ privacy. “[T]here are many places
in which American’s data privacy is not
adequately protected by any current privacy
law,” the comments said. “The Commission must
issue new rules to place new limits on
companies that violate our trust and
strengthen the general privacy landscape. As
the federal government’s privacy enforcer,
the FTC must be the vanguard for privacy
protections.”
# ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Put_privacy_first:_new_FTC_surveillance
and_data_security_rules_must_protect_people_–_Access
Now⠀⇛
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has
the power to implement regulations that
protect people’s data through new “Commercial
Surveillance and Data Security” rules that
must put human rights first. Access Now
applauds the Commission’s initiative to
reevaluate surveillance technology rules,
and, through expert submissions, is working
to support the FTC and help ensure its
frameworks are user-centric and focus on
safeguarding and strengthening rights while
delivering precise and predictable rules for
public and private entities. The ongoing use
of this dangerous technology not only damages
consumer confidence and public trust, but it
disproportionately harms Black and Brown
people. The FTC must act.
“Protection from commercial surveillance is
critical to human rights and civil rights,”
said Willmary Escoto, U.S. Policy Analyst at
Access Now. “Collecting data, particularly
biometric data, and its exploitation to track
and influence people’s choices creates a
myriad of harms. Especially when we know data
breaches are more problematic for Black and
Brown people living on fixed or low incomes.
Organizations need to take data minimization
and data integrity seriously.” “
In the latest submission to the Commission,
Access Now details how human rights harms are
inevitable when society allows companies to
sell flawed technologies. To prevent the
unchecked proliferation of this
pseudoscientific technology, a robust process
to validate the claims made by corporations
selling these systems must be in place.
# ⚓ AccessNow ☛ U.S._Solicitor_General_and_Department_of
Commerce_must_hold_NSO_accountable_–_Access_Now⠀⇛
Access Now welcomes the U.S. Solicitor
General’s amicus brief, urging the U.S.
Supreme Court to deny NSO Group’s petition to
review its sovereign immunity claim.
In a strong rebuttal to NSO’s arguments, the
Solicitor General stated that “NSO plainly is
not entitled to immunity here.” According to
the Solicitor General, not only did the U.S.
government decline to support NSO’s claim,
they clearly indicated that NSO’s activities
present a threat to the U.S. national
security interests by adding NSO to the
Commerce Department’s Entity List for
“develop[ing] and supplyi[ng] spyware to
foreign governments […] to maliciously target
government officials, journalists,
businesspeople, activists, academics, and
embassy workers.” The fact that NSO has been
placed on the Entity List “for the very type
of activities allegedly at issue in this
case” further sets NSO apart from any other
companies that might seek such immunity in
the future, said the Solicitor General.
# ⚓ Financial Express ☛ Still_a_net_negative_for_people’s
privacy_|_The_Financial_Express⠀⇛
The new draft of the Data Protection Bill is
impervious to criticisms against it since the
first draft years ago, and even introduces
new provisions that would undermine people’s
right to privacy
Five years ago, the Supreme Court recognised
privacy as a fundamental right under the
Constitution. Since fundamental rights can be
directly enforced against the state and not
private actors, the SC highlighted that a
privacy law would enable citizens to seek
legal recourse against private players,
including BigTech for instance, for privacy
violations.
Around the same time, the Justice Srikrishna
Committee was established to develop a data
protection framework. Since then, the draft
data protection Bill went through multiple
iterations, active engagement across
stakeholders groups, and scrutiny by
parliamentary committees, before it was
withdrawn in August 2022 with the promise of
a revamped draft. This new draft—the Digital
Data Protection Bill, 2022 (Draft)—was
released for consultation last week.
# ⚓ Reuters ☛ I_Spy?_COP27_delegates_wary_of_Egyptian
surveillance_app_|_Reuters⠀⇛
It can show you a bus route or update you on
weather – but tech experts and rights groups
say Egypt’s mobile app for COP27 has a far
more sinister side as it can spy on delegates
and track their talk, texts and emails.
“It is a spying tool,” said Frans Imbert-
Vier, head of UBCOM, a Swiss-based
cybersecurity company that performed a
technical analysis of the app.
“It is an opportunity for the government to
collect and update all this data from all
these people for free, without any effort, in
two weeks,” he told the Thomson Reuters
Foundation by phone from Paris.
The app lists schedules at the climate talks
and carries speaker profiles; it also asks
for the user’s name, email, mobile number,
nationality and passport number, and requires
that location tracking be turned on.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ What_is_Russia_Fighting_for_Today?⠀⇛
Soldiers tend to have a better balanced sense than
politicians about the way in which advantage in war
can swing backwards and forwards. They ought to
have after their grim experiences in Afghanistan
and Iraq, in both of which the US thought at one
point that it had won a total victory.
Milley may well be right, but it is difficult to
see why Ukraine should negotiate while it is
winning victories on the ground. As for President
Vladimir Putin, he will scarcely want to talk until
his army has achieved something other than stage
shambolic retreats and lose territory captured in
the first days of the invasion.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Bataysk_court_fines_a_conscript’s_sister_for
publishing_soldiers’_complaint_video_—_Meduza⠀⇛
The Bataysk municipal court in Russia’s Rostov
region has fined Olesya Shishkanova, the sister of
a recently drafted soldier, for publishing a video,
in which conscripts from her brother’s unit
complained about their conditions in the Russian
army.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Video_shows_Russian_soldiers_arrested_for_refusing
deployment_to_Ukraine_The_disturbing_footage_is_a_clear
attempt_to_‘teach_everyone_else_a_lesson,’_says_legal_expert
—_Meduza⠀⇛
A video showing military police dragging away two
Russian soldiers circulated on social media on
November 20, appearing on both Ukrainian and
Russian Telegram channels. The pro-war channel
Veteran’s Notes (Zapiski Veterana), which was among
the first to publish the footage, indicated that it
had been recorded in the Belgorod region. Legal
experts told Meduza that this demonstration was
designed to intimidate Russian soldiers who might
resist being sent to the frontlines in Ukraine.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Chita_city_Mayor_Alexander_Sapozhnikov_resigns
from_municipal_position_to_go_to_war_in_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Alexander Sapozhnikov, the head municipal manager
of the Siberian city of Chita, has resigned from
his post to go to war in Ukraine. He announced his
decision on his Telegram channel, writing:
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Zelensky_says_Russia_has_fired_more_than_4,700
missiles_at_Ukraine_since_full-scale_war_began_—_Meduza⠀⇛
In the 270 days since the start of Russia’s full-
scale invasion of Ukraine, the Russian army has
fired more than 4,700 missiles at Ukraine,
Volodymyr Zelensky said during a video address to
members of the International Organization of
Francophonie on Sunday.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “An_Act_of_Hate”:_5_Dead_in_Shooting_at
Colorado_LGBTQ_Club_on_Eve_of_Transgender_Day_of
Remembrance⠀⇛
A gunman wearing body armor and armed with an AR-
15-style rifle attacked an LGBTQ nightclub in
Colorado Springs late Saturday night, killing five
people and injuring at least 25. Two Club Q patrons
managed to disarm the shooter, a 22-year-old
suspect with ties to an extremist family, before he
was taken into police custody. The attack came on
the the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance, and
police are investigating the attack as a potential
hate crime. “This was an intentional act to push
LGBTQ people back into the shadows,” says Denver
mayoral candidate Leslie Herod, who is the first
LGBTQ+ African American to hold office in the
Colorado General Assembly and considers Colorado
Springs her hometown. Herod describes a “clear
connection” between hateful anti-gay rhetoric and
violence toward the LGBTQ community.
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ 5_Dead_in_Colorado_LGBTQ_Club_Shooting_on_Eve_of
Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance⠀⇛
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Tyumen_court_reopens_case_against_war_protester
originally_acquitted_based_on_fishy_wordplay_argument_—
Meduza⠀⇛
A court in Tyumen has reopened an administrative
case against a woman accused of “discrediting” the
Russian army after she wrote an anti-war message on
one of the city’s main public squares, according to
local media reports.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Your_child_has_to_spend_a_lot_of_time_with_these
adults’_How_Russia’s_young_war_opponents_navigate_a_school
system_set_on_churning_out_Putin_supporters_—_Meduza⠀⇛
For months now, Russian students and teachers who
oppose the war in Ukraine have had to deal with an
education system that increasingly prioritizes the
proliferation of pro-Kremlin narratives over
traditional subjects like math and science. In
addition to requiring teachers to give weekly
lessons called “Conversations About What’s
Important” (where students are taught about topics
like “love for the Fatherland”), administrators
have begun cracking down on even the smallest
expressions of anti-war sentiment. The independent
Russian outlet iStories recently spoke to several
parents and teachers about what strategies they’ve
been using to keep their kids safe while not
completely denying them intellectual autonomy.
Meduza summarizes the article in English.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ Police_officer_fatally_stabbed_in_Grozny,_Kadyrov
says_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov reported Monday that
a traffic safety officer had been attacked with a
knife in central Grozny.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly_urges_terrorist_state
designation_for_Russia_—_Meduza⠀⇛
NATO Parliamentary Assembly has adopted a
resolution urging member of the alliance to
designate Russia “under the current regime” as a
terrorist state.
# ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘We_hope_this_is_a_mistake’:_Descendant_of
decorated_fighter_pilot_Vladimir_Surovikin_is_eager_to_prove
that_both_he_and_his_great-grandfather_are_completely
unrelated_to_Russia’s_‘General_Armageddon’_—_Meduza⠀⇛
Waldemar Masicz is a direct descendant of Vladimir
Surovikin, a fighter pilot who served in the
Russian Far East during the Korean War and died in
a plane crash in 1966: when his engine failed, he
tried to steer his aircraft away from the houses
below, leaving himself no time to eject. Surovikin
was posthumously awarded a Lenin medal. Today, a
memorial plaque in the Siberian city of Ussuriysk
commemorates his act of gallantry. To the chagrin
of Surovikin’s great-grandson, in a recent post on
his Telegram, state media reporter Alexander
Sladkov presented Vladimir Surovikin as the father
of another Surovikin in the Russian military —
namely, “General Armageddon,” who took command of
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine this fall. The pro-
Kremlin media were quick to pick up this story,
building on General Surovikin’s supposedly heroic
lineage. Masicz suspects that state propagandists
are exploiting his great-grandfather’s act of
courage to add flair to Sergey Surovikin’s
biography. As someone who openly opposes the war in
Ukraine, Masicz doesn’t want his ancestor’s name to
be tarnished by this newfound “connection.”
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ US_Empire_Views_Ukrainians_and_Russians_as_Lab
Rats_for_Weapons_Testing⠀⇛
In addition to advancing longstanding U.S. geo-
strategic aims, it seems the proxy war in Ukraine
is also being used to sharpen the imperial war
machine’s claws for a looming hot war with China
and/or Russia.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ VIDEO:_A_Path_to_Peace_in_Ukraine⠀⇛
Noam Chomsky, Jill Stein, Vijay Prashad, Medea
Benjamin, Brian Becker, Eugen Puryear and Claudia
de la Cruz spoke on the need for negotiation, not
escalation at a People’s Forum/ANSWER Coalition
event in New York.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ US,_Russia_to_Hold_New_START_Talks_in_Egypt
Starting_November_29⠀⇛
Russia’s deputy FM says the talks could lead to
higher-level negotiations.
o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾
# ⚓ The Hill ☛ Democrats_demand_details_on_response_to_new
Supreme_Court_leak_allegations⠀⇛
Two Democratic lawmakers sent a letter to Chief
Justice John Roberts on Sunday demanding answers
after a New York Times report suggested Justice
Samuel Alito discussed the outcome of a 2014 high-
profile contraception case before the court
released its opinion.
Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) and Rep. Hank
Johnson (D-Ga.), who sit on the Senate and House
Judiciary committees, respectively, asked Roberts
and the Supreme Court’s legal counsel if the court
opened an investigation into the allegations.
# ⚓ New York Times ☛ Former_Anti-Abortion_Leader_Alleges
Another_Supreme_Court_Breach⠀⇛
In a letter to Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr.
and in interviews with The New York Times, the Rev.
Rob Schenck said he was told the outcome of the
2014 case weeks before it was announced. He used
that information to prepare a public relations
push, records show, and he said that at the last
minute he tipped off the president of Hobby Lobby,
the craft store chain owned by Christian
evangelicals that was the winning party in the
case.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Climate_Medusa⠀⇛
Conditions in the rest of the world are not that
much better than the fierce effects of ceaseless
global warming in the United States. On November 7,
2022, Antonio Guterres, the UN Secretary General
who is champion for climate sanity, pretty much
repeated his angry remarks to 110 prime ministers
and presidents who showed up for the opening of the
27th UN climate summit in the Egyptian resort town
of Sharm el-Sheikh. He said to them their
indifference to the rising climate chaos bordered
on the criminal and suicidal. He said:
“We are in the [climate] fight of our lives. And we
are losing. Greenhouse gas emissions keep
growing. Global temperatures keep rising. And our
planet is fast approaching tipping points that will
make climate chaos irreversible. We are on a
highway to climate hell with our foot still on the
accelerator.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ When_Will_Climate_Change_Become_the_Crucial
Issue_in_American_Elections?⠀⇛
By then, in fact, a distinctly unseasonal heat wave
that, the previous week, had hit the country from
the Great Plains to the Gulf Coast was spreading
across the Eastern U.S. from Tallahassee, Florida
(a record-tying 88 degrees) to Burlington, Vermont
(a record 76 degrees). Temperatures ranged from 15
to 25 degrees above normal. And yet, in a sense,
this was nothing new. The worst megadrought in
1,200 years has held the West and Southwest in its
grip for what seems like eons now and has evidently
been moving toward the middle of the country (with
the Mississippi River becoming an increasingly
dried-up mud puddle).
Meanwhile, Nicole, a rare November hurricane that
formed in the Caribbean, would, sadly enough, spare
Mar-a-Lago. However, a distraught Donald Trump,
riding it outthere (despite state evacuation
orders), would react angrily to the political
hurricane that clobbered Florida on November 8th
when Ron DeSantis swept to a resounding victory
amid chants of “two more years!” Meanwhile, thanks
in part to already rising sea levels, Nicole would
further erode Florida’s coastline in a telling
fashion.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Moving_Beyond_Single-Issue_Politics⠀⇛
The idea has a basic logic, that the towering
challenges that face us – climate and general
ecological deterioration, wealth inequality and
social justice, war and peace – have common and
systemic roots. We are unable to successfully
address any one issue on its own because they are
woven together by the realities of who has power in
society. Only a unified movement of movements
capable of carrying a coherent and broad-ranging
vision for systemic transformation can overcome
those realities and accomplish real change.
The climate crisis certainly provides evidence for
that proposition.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Will_We_Ever_See_Climate_Change_on_the
Ballot?⠀⇛
Tom Engelhardt reflects on how climate change, the
existential crisis of our times, didn’t make it
into the midterm elections.
# § Energy⠀➾
# ⚓ Eesti Rahvusringhääling ☛ Estonian_police,_FBI_arrest
suspects_over_$575_million_cryptocurrency_fraud⠀⇛
They induced victims to enter into fraudulent
equipment rental contracts with the
defendants’ cryptocurrency mining service
called HashFlare.
They also caused victims to invest in a
virtual currency bank called Polybius Bank.
In reality, Polybius was never actually a
bank, and never paid out the promised
dividends.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Critics_Decry_‘Disappointing’
Billion-Dollar_Biden_Bailout_of_California’s_Last
Nuclear_Plant⠀⇛
Environmental and climate campaigners decried
Monday’s announcement that the Biden
administration—which promotes nuclear energy
as part of its solution to the climate
emergency—will give more than a billion
dollars to California’s largest utility to
keep the state’s last nuclear power plant
operating.
“Our state and our nation need to be laser-
focused on building an efficient energy
system powered by renewable sources.”
# ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Making_A_Do-It-Yourself_Sand_Battery⠀⇛
Storing energy can be done in many ways, with
the chemical storage method of a battery
being one of the most common. Another option
is a thermal battery, which basically means
making something hot, and later extracting
that heat again. In this video by [Robert
Murray-Smith] the basic concept of a thermal
battery that uses sand is demonstrated.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ While_Crypto_Bro_Scammed_Clients,
Reporters_Scammed_Readers⠀⇛
Before Bankman-Fried’s transition from
financial genius to possible financial
criminal, he received little scrutiny in the
media.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Nuclear_Guinea_Pigs:_NRC’s_Licensing
of_Experimental_Nuclear_Plants⠀⇛
The talk was about how the U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission is involved in a major
change of its “rules” and “guidance” to
reduce government regulations for what the
nuclear industry calls “advanced” nuclear
power plants.
Already, Lyman said, at a “Night with the
Experts” online session organized by the
Nuclear Energy Information Service, the NRC
has moved to allow nuclear power plants to be
built in thickly populated areas. This
“change in policy” was approved in a vote by
NRC commissioners in July.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Pandemic_Treat,_Crypto_and_the
Press⠀⇛
While the drafting of the agreement is still
in its early phases, the shape of the main
conflicts is already clear. The public health
advocates, who want to ensure widespread
access to these products, are trying to limit
the extent to which patent monopolies and
other protections price them out of the reach
of developing countries. On the other side,
the pharmaceutical industry wants these
protections to be as long and as strong as
possible, in order to maximize their profits.
As Pfizer and Moderna know well, pandemics
can be great for business.
The shape of this battle is hardly new. We
saw the same story not just in the Covid
pandemic, but also in the AIDS pandemic in
the 1990s, when millions of people needlessly
died in Sub-Saharan Africa because the U.S.
and European pharmaceutical industry tried to
block widespread distribution of AIDS drugs.
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Biden_Administration_Must
Expand_and_Accelerate_Its_Ocean_Conservation_Effort⠀⇛
America’s oceans are in serious decline due
to decades of mismanagement,
overexploitation, climate change,
acidification, habitat damage, and pollution.
Many marine species are threatened or
endangered, and entire marine ecosystems
(Arctic sea ice, coral reefs, mangroves,
etc.), are severely threatened. Ocean
ecosystems will have increasing difficulty
retaining functional integrity through the
climate crisis this century, and these
ecosystems urgently need the strongest
protections we can provide.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Wildfire_Smoke_Can_Activate_Immune_Cells
Leading_to_a_Long_List_of_Diseases⠀⇛
Bill Gabbert summarizes recent studies that
show very small PM2.5 particles produced by
wildfire smoke can lead to many diseases.
# § Overpopulation⠀➾
# ⚓ [Old] Mongabay ☛ Peru_prosecutors_probe_Amazon
deforestation_linked_to_Mennonite_communities⠀⇛
Satellite images show a sudden surge in
deforestation in areas settled by Mennonite
communities in Peru’s Ucayali and Loreto
regions.
Those cases are among the rare instances of
large-scale forest loss that has occurred in
the Peruvian Amazon.
# ⚓ [Old] The Guardian UK ☛ The_Mennonites_being_accused
of_deforestation_in_the_Peruvian_Amazon⠀⇛
Environmentalists worry this could just be
the beginning of the Mennonite invasion in
Peru. Satellite images show land clearing for
another settlement, also in Loreto, a vast
Amazon region the size of Germany. A 2021
study in the Journal of Land Use Science says
Mennonites have 200 settlements across seven
countries in Latin America and collectively
occupy more land than the Netherlands.
Peru lost a record 2,032 sq km of Amazon to
deforestation in 2020, a figure almost four
times the 548 sq km it lost in 2019,
according to its environment ministry.
# ⚓ [Old] Reuters ☛ God’s_will_or_ecological_disaster?
Mexico_takes_aim_at_Mennonite_deforestation⠀⇛
In the eyes of ecologists and now the Mexican
government, which once welcomed their
agricultural prowess, the Mennonites’ farms
are an environmental disaster rapidly razing
the jungle, one of the continent’s biggest
carbon sinks and a home to endangered
jaguars.
Smaller only than the Amazon, the Maya Forest
is shrinking annually by an area the size of
Dallas, according to Global Forest Watch, a
non-profit organisation that monitors
deforestation.
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ How_Contracts_for_Deed_Put_Families_at
Financial_Risk⠀⇛
For many Somali families in Minnesota, the barriers
to home ownership have long seemed insurmountable:
reluctant lenders, low incomes, short work
histories, little credit.
Members of the East African Muslim community
encounter an additional, unique challenge: Because
of the principles of their faith, many avoid paying
or profiting from interest. This means they
typically won’t apply for traditional mortgages. As
a result, the conventional path to buying a house —
and the accompanying hope of building generational
wealth — has been nearly impossible.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Why_Did_the_US-China_Relationship_Collapse,
and_Can_It_Be_Repaired?⠀⇛
After five years of plummeting relations between
the US and China, Presidents Xi Jinping and Joe
Biden met at the G20 summit in Bali last week. It
was their first in-person meeting since Biden took
office nearly two years ago. The aim, according to
US national security adviser Jake Sullivan, was to
“build a floor for the relationship and ensure that
there are rules of the road that bound our
competition.” Early indications are hopeful: the
Xi-Biden meeting reportedly went well, and both
sides seem genuinely interested in reducing the
acrimony that now dominates. But the “guardrails”
that the Biden administration has promoted to
prevent open conflict are no match for the forces
pushing the two countries into confrontation. A
more ambitious agenda—in which the two countries
work together to reform the global system—is needed
to resolve the structural drivers of conflict.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_Coming_Sinophobic_Calamity⠀⇛
By Eve Ottenberg / CounterPunch Neither the red
wave nor the blue one materialized in the latest
election, which removes some of the impetus for the
coming congressional Sinophobic rampage. Some, not
all. The relatively good results for Biden mean
that for the moment he no longer needs the Beijing
boogeyman and could afford to […]
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Wang_Yi_Briefs_the_Media_on_the_Meeting
Between_Chinese_and_US_Presidents_and_Answers_Questions⠀⇛
By Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s
Republic of China On November 14, 2022 local time,
President Xi Jinping had a meeting with U.S.
President Joe Biden in Bali, Indonesia. After the
meeting, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang
Yi briefed the media on the meeting and answered
questions. Question one: President Xi Jinping […]
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ This_is_what_Elon_Musk_doesn’t
understand_about_running_Twitter⠀⇛
It looks set to be a business case study for the
ages: a testament to how hubris and arrogance can
destroy a brand in a month. And that destruction
doesn’t come from the departure of the likes of
Osman and Lewis. It’s about the people who have
helped to keep them there.
Social media platforms are more like ecosystems
than “tech products” like iPhones or laptops. We
all think social media is about the dopamine rush
of someone liking our posts. It’s a lovely theory,
but it doesn’t survive contact with Twitter. Most
tweets don’t get any engagement at all.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ So_Elon_Musk_May_Not_be_All_That_Fabulously
‘Brilliant’_After_All⠀⇛
# ⚓ EFF ☛ Monetization,_Not_Human_Rights_or_Vulnerable
Communities,_Matter_Most_at_Twitter_Under_Musk⠀⇛
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ A_Fragmentary_History_of_California⠀⇛
In the wake of his mother’s death in 2014, Ashton
Politanoff began consulting the digital archive at
the public library of Redondo Beach, Calif., the
coastal city in southern Los Angeles where she’d
lived. (Politanoff, a professor, still resides
there.) The resultant findings, gleaned from local
newspapers—photographs, advertisements, instances
of violence, recipes, industrial disasters, and
other ephemera—comprise Politanoff’s debut, You’ll
Like It Here, a sort of nonfiction collage that
locates the seeds of contemporary catastrophe deep
within a surreal regional history. “I felt most
drawn to the years from 1911 through 1918,” he
notes in the introduction, “during which time I saw
a town come to life and recognized an era strangely
analogous to our own.” Politanoff has modified
these selections, prizing dramatic effect over
historical accuracy. Appearing at the rate of about
one entry per page, these fragments of the archive
read like the microfictions of Lydia Davis or the
poetic reclamations of Susan Howe: cryptic, grimly
funny, self-contained. Neither novel nor social
history, the book is partly about the tensions that
exist between such categories. Here the myth of
California is wrung from the headlines. As ever,
reality flees its own reporting.
# ⚓ YouTube ☛ Can_Twitter_Survive_Elon_Musk?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Walled Culture ☛ If_Twitter_goes_down_in_flames,_what
happens_to_its_huge_and_historically_important_collection_of
tweets?⠀⇛
This blog has just written about the likely loss of
a very particular kind of culture – K-pop live
streams. Culture is culture, and a loss is a loss.
But potentially we are facing the disappearance of
a cultural resource that is indisputably more
important. I’m talking about Twitter, and its vast
store of tweets that have been written over the
last 16 years of its existence.
We have rather taken Twitter and its key role in
modern culture and public discourse for granted.
But the recent purchase of the company by Elon
Musk, and his idiosyncratic decisions since doing
so, have (a) raised the possibility that Twitter
will go bankrupt, as Musk himself has allegedly
said, and (b) made people realise how much of value
would be lost if that happens.
There is no ongoing independent backup of Twitter.
There was to begin with: the US Library of Congress
(LoC) signed an agreement allowing it to create a
complete Twitter Archive for a while. That ran for
12 years, during which time billions of tweets were
collected. As an update on the Twitter Archive
explained in 2017, the decision not to collect
everything thereafter was taken because of the
dramatic increase in the number of tweets; the fact
that the Library of Congress only received text,
but many tweets were more visual than textual; and
the increase in potential tweet length from 140 to
280 characters. The LoC also noted that its partial
collection already “documents the rise of an
important social media platform”, and that in any
case, it does not aim to “collect comprehensively”.
As a result, it started adding tweets on a more
selective basis.
# ⚓ Reuters ☛ ‘It’s_over’:_Twitter_France’s_head_quits_amid
layoffs⠀⇛
He didn’t elaborate on the circumstances of his
departure and declined to say how many people
Twitter employed in France either before or after
Musk’s takeover of the company last month.
# ⚓ The Hill ☛ Twitter’s_head_of_France_resigns_amid_Musk’s
shakeup⠀⇛
According to Reuters, Viel confirmed that he was
indeed leaving Twitter but did not explain why.
Viel is the latest senior executive to resign from
Twitter following Elon Musk’s takeover of the
social media platform in late October.
# ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ Elon_Musk_Hasn’t_Been_Able_to_Woo_Trump
Back_to_Twitter,_So_He’s_Trying_Marjorie_Taylor_Greene
Instead⠀⇛
Despite the ban on her personal account, Greene did
retain her official congressional. She used that
one to celebrate her return, writing, “I’m the only
Member of Congress the unelected big tech oligarchs
permanently banned. On January 2, 2022, they
violated my freedom of speech and ability to
campaign & fundraise crying ‘covid misinformation.’
My account is back.”
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Twitter’s_Former_Head_Of_Trust_&_Safety_Explains
Why,_For_All_His_Billions,_Elon_Musk_Can’t_Magically_Decide
How_Twitter_Will_Work⠀⇛
There are a variety of myths about how the world
works that get people really screwed up when they
make big bets on trying to “fix” things. I think
Elon Musk has fallen prey to a few of them in how
he’s trying to run Twitter. First, he falsely
believes (as was the widespread myth among many,
especially in right wing circles) that Twitter’s
content moderation/trust & safety efforts were
driven mainly by extreme “woke” employees who were
seeking to silence opinions and viewpoints they
disagreed with. As we’ve discussed repeatedly,
that’s never been the case. Twitter had a far more
free speech-supporting position than any other
site, and the trust & safety decisions were made
based on what they believed was actually best for
the site, which means trying to minimize hate and
harassment as that drives both users and
advertisers away.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ It’s_Not_The_Decision,_But_The_Process:_Musk_&
The_Trump_Decision⠀⇛
Going to put this up front, because I expect a
bunch of people to not read and assume something
very incorrect: I think there are valid arguments
(even pretty strong ones) for why it makes sense
for social media platforms to allow Donald Trump on
them (there are also valid arguments against it).
But, conducting a poll is the stupidest possible
way to make that decision. It’s Musk’s platform,
and he’s free to run it however he wants, even
making the stupidest possible decisions. But it
should raise questions among its users whether or
not they wish to embrace such a platform, and just
how much damage Musk will do in pursuit of stunts.
# ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ All_the_Celebrities_Who’ve_Quit_Twitter
Because_of_Elon_Musk⠀⇛
Here’s a growing list of celebrities who’ve decided
to no longer use Twitter… all because of Musk.
# ⚓ Neil Selwyn ☛ Tech_workers_of_the_2020s_…_a_new_middle-
class_fraction_with_potential_to_push_for_progressive
change?⠀⇛
In a fascinating new paper in the Sociological
Review, Robert Dorschel examines the sensibilities
and self-identities of current tech-workers. At its
heart, the paper suggests that many IT
professionals in the 2020s are driven by a
politicised subjectivity that raises possibilities
for collective push-back against the worst excesses
of digital capitalism. In short, while we might
despair at the hegemony of ‘Big Tech’ titans such
as Google, Meta and Amazon, perhaps change might be
possible from within these corporations – i.e.
change that is led by the people that these
corporations employ.
# ⚓ GNU ☛ Re:_Rough_times_for_Twitter⠀⇛
Day by day Twitter is sinking deeper into quagmire.
It appears two thirds of the workforce has left the
company. (We don’t know the exact figure for the
layoffs were so thorough that the section which
should be reporting such details exists no more.)
How much the remaining staff can handle is an open
question.
# ⚓ JNS ☛ Eureka!_Arab_lobby_discovered⠀⇛
Now, The Washington Post has discovered at least
one Arab country engaged in lobbying our
government, often to the detriment of our foreign
policy. In a front-page story, “U.S. intelligence
report says key gulf ally meddled in American
politics,” the Post reported the United Arab
Emirates has engaged in “illegal and legal attempts
to steer U.S. foreign policy in ways favorable to
the Arab autocracy.” The UAE has exploited U.S.
“vulnerabilities in American governance, including
its reliance on campaign contributions,
susceptibility to powerful lobbying firms and lax
enforcement of disclosure laws intended to guard
against interference by foreign governments.”
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ STOP_COP⠀⇛
According to Pascoe Sabido of Corporate Europe
Observatory/Brussels: “These findings underline the
extent to which this COP has never been about the
climate. It’s been about rehabilitating the gas
industry and making sure that fossil fuels are on
the agenda. This is part of the bigger problem
which is linked to the overall corporate capture of
the U.N. climate talks… We need to kick the big
polluters out.” (Source: Fossil Fuel-Linked
Companies Dominate Sponsorship of COP27, DeSomg,
Nov. 16, 2022)
Of course, fossil fuel interests sponsor big
pavilions, like showtime at Las Vegas conventions.
Dubai’s racy, futuristic colorful pavilion was a
standout as an effective ploy to convince the world
of their serious intentions for net zero. Oh,
please! Hopefully, a massive worldwide movement to
Stop COP28 Dubai can effectively reverse the
embarrassment of holding next year’s COP in the
kingdom of oil. It’s an insult to climate
scientists. Is Saudi Arabia next?
# ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Two_judges_temporarily_assigned_to_work
in_the_Cabinet_Office_of_the_PM_led_by_Antal_Rogán⠀⇛
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_If_You_Want_to_Help_the_Rich_and
Die_Sooner,_Vote_Republican⠀⇛
If dying young appeals to you, here’s a simple bit
of advice: move to a state or county controlled by
Republicans.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘I_Will_Not_Stop_Fighting’:_Omar_Hits_Back
at_McCarthy_Over_Committee_Seat_Threat⠀⇛
Rep. Ilhan Omar on Sunday vowed to continue
“fighting for more equitable, more just, and more
humane policies” after Republican House Minority
Leader Kevin McCarthy threatened to remove her from
the chamber’s foreign affairs committee if he
becomes speaker in the next Congress.
In a statement, Omar (D-Minn.) said that
“McCarthy’s effort to repeatedly single me out for
scorn and hatred—including threatening to strip me
from my committee—does nothing to address the
issues our constituents deal with.”
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_The_Future_Is_One_in_Which_Every
Election_Is_a_Climate_Election⠀⇛
Believe me, it’s strange to be an old man and feel
like you’re living on a new planet. On November
7th, the day before the midterm elections, I took
my usual afternoon walk in New York City and I was
wearing a short-sleeved shirt! That was a first for
me. And no wonder, since it was 76 degrees
out—beautiful, but eerie. After all, that’s just
not November weather.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_The_Criminal_Case_Against_Trump
Is_Clear._The_Special_Counsel_Should_Now_Move_Expeditiously⠀⇛
Some people have argued against the need for, or
timing of, the appointment of a special counsel in
the federal investigations of former president
Donald Trump. But we welcome the announcement of
veteran federal prosecutor Jack Smith in that role.
Whether or not it was necessary under the
regulations, the appointment was the best means to
reduce even the appearance of political influence
in the ongoing investigation. Based upon the
exhaustive model prosecution memo (“pros memo”) we
co-authored concerning the Trump documents and
obstruction investigation, we believe this
development at the Justice Department will likely
lead to criminal charges against the former
president. That said, whether Special Counsel Smith
indicts or not, justice demands he move
expeditiously, and we are confident he will.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Federal_Court_Blocks_Florida’s_‘Stop_WOKE’_Act,
Calls_It_‘Positively_Dystopian’⠀⇛
Florida governor Ron DeSantis appears to believe
he’s the successor to Donald Trump’s short-lived
throne. While Trump was president, DeSantis did
everything he could to appeal the same voter base.
Trump rather listlessly announced he’ll run again
in 2024, but it’s a fair bet DeSantis will try to
become Trump 2.0 if it appears the Republican base
isn’t ready to ride Trump’s presidential Vomit
Comet for another four years.
# ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Romanian_Foreign_Ministry:_Orbán’s_scarf
with_Greater_Hungary_map_unacceptable⠀⇛
# ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Proposed_Labour_Code_changes_to_curtail
Hungarian_workers’_rights_again⠀⇛
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Judge_Fines_Trump_Muppet_Josh_Hawley_For
Violating_Public_Records_Laws_To_Protect_His_Senate_Run⠀⇛
Let’s get this out of the way right up front:
Senator Josh Hawley is not a Good Person. The
former attorney general had the chance to be a good
person, but instead became the poster boy for
insurrection by raising his fist in support of
Trump fans on their way to raiding the Capitol
building in hopes of illegally keeping an un-
elected president in office.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Donald_Trump_Is_a_Hero⠀⇛
During the announcement of his new movement, the
former TV personality said that it was “the
greatest movement in the history [ruminative
pause…] of our country.” Those who didn’t share his
opinion wanted to leave the room, but when they
tried to do so found out that it was surrounded by
a narrow pond of water full of crocodiles.
Horrified, they returned en masse to the event. The
resultant stampede seriously injured 27 persons,
including one 9-year-old child who, while crying
inconsolably, said that he was brought to the event
by his mother against his will and with false
promises. Trying to calm him down, his mother gave
the child a MAGAGA hat, which made him cry even
louder.
How can one explain that after all the damage that
Trump has done –and still does—to the world he can
believe that he really can make America great and
glorious? Because memory is fragile let me remind
the reader that his nonchalance towards the Covid
pandemic has probably caused hundreds of thousands
of lives. He discredited his own scientific
advisers and promoted false and dangerous cures for
the disease. His behavior was faithfully copied by
his admirer Jair Bolsonaro, the former president of
Brazil, with whom he shares several personality
traits. Both of them are responsible for hundreds
of thousands of deaths that could have been avoided
with appropriate and timely actions.
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ “Respect_for_Marriage?”_Not_Really.⠀⇛
That’s a good thing, but let’s not make it more
than it is. The long title of the bill reveals its
true purpose: “A bill to repeal the Defense of
Marriage Act and ensure respect for State
regulation of marriage, and for other purposes.”
The bill has two core provisions.
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Trump-Backed_Right-Wing_Group_Received_Over_$45
Million_in_Donations_in_2021⠀⇛
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Biden’s_Student_Debt_Relief_Program_Is_Now_in
the_Hands_of_the_Supreme_Court⠀⇛
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Kevin_McCarthy_Will_Miss_Nancy_Pelosi._If_He
Survives.⠀⇛
Outgoing House Speaker Nancy Pelosi represented me
in Congress for roughly a quarter-century, but I
didn’t vote for her when first given a chance. In
the 1987 special election to replace the late Sala
Burton (who succeeded her late husband, the
legendary Phil Burton), I voted for Supervisor
Harry Britt, the Democratic Socialists of America
leader who himself succeeded Harvey Milk after his
assassination. San Francisco lost a lot of leaders
in that decade from 1978 to 1988, after the
political murders of Milk and Mayor George Moscone,
the deaths of the aged Burtons, as well as all the
lives lost to the AIDS crisis in those years.
# § Pollution⠀➾
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Not_Taking_Any_Chances’:_Grijalva
Reminds_Pelosi_of_Dem_Opposition_to_Manchin’s_Dirty
Deal⠀⇛
With just over a month until Republicans
officially take control of the U.S. House of
Representatives, a committee chair on Monday
warned outgoing Democratic leadership against
reviving the “dirty deal” on permitting
reform that was defeated in September.
“Manchin’s legislation is a harbinger for the
permanent silencing of environmental justice
communities in the permitting process.”
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Chilean_Indigenous_Activist_Says_COP27
Promoted_Devastating_Mega-Projects⠀⇛
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ U.N._Climate_Summit_Agrees_to
Historic_Loss_and_Damage_Fund_But_Rejects_Calls_to
Phase_Out_Fossil_Fuels⠀⇛
Rich countries agreed to establish a “loss
and damage” fund at the close of the two-
week-long U.N. climate summit in Egypt to
help the Global South deal with the worst
effects of the climate catastrophe. The fund
is a major breakthrough for Global South
countries, which have been demanding a
similar mechanism for the past 30 years but
faced opposition from the United States and
other large polluting nations. Climate
justice activist Asad Rehman says the fund is
a “glimmer of hope” despite the summit ending
with a massive expansion of carbon markets
and delegates making “no progress” to phase
out fossil fuels.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Another_Terrible_Failure’:_COP27
Ends_With_No_Action_to_Cut_Off_Climate-Wrecking_Fossil
Fuels⠀⇛
Despite mountains of iron-clad evidence that
extracting and burning more coal, oil, and
gas will exacerbate deadly planetary heating,
negotiators at the United Nations COP27
climate conference failed yet again to
directly confront the fossil fuel industry
whose insatiable quest for profits is putting
the future of humanity in jeopardy.
“More fossil fuels equals more loss and
damage.”
# ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Judge_Deals_Latest_Blow_to_Big_Oil_in_DC
Climate_Fraud_Case⠀⇛
In recent years, communities across the
United States increasingly have turned to the
courts to hold oil and gas companies
accountable for alleged fraud — which has
worsened the climate crisis — and now those
lawsuits are inching towards trial. Despite
dogged attempts from industry lawyers to
force the litigation into federal courts,
where they see an easier path to dismissal,
they continue to strike out as judges from
California to Connecticut rule that state
courts are the appropriate venues for these
climate accountability lawsuits.
The latest addition to the fossil fuel
industry’s long procedural losing streak came
on November 12 when a federal district judge
decided that the District of Columbia’s
climate liability lawsuit belongs in the
local court, where it was originally filed in
June 2020. As with other climate liability
lawsuits, lawyers for the oil and gas
companies in the District of Columbia case
devised a multitude of arguments claiming
that only federal courts have the
jurisdiction or authority to handle such
lawsuits. But federal courts have not been
buying these legal theories.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ ABC ☛ Turkey_summons_Swedish_envoy_over_images_‘insulting’
Erdogan⠀⇛
Turkey summoned the Swedish ambassador on Monday
after images that allegedly insulted President
Recep Tayyip Erdogan and served as Kurdish militant
propaganda were projected on the Turkish Embassy
building in Stockholm, Turkey’s state-run news
agency reported.
o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ Attorney:_Plenty_To_Uncover_On_CIA-Backed
Spying_That_Violated_Privacy_Of_Assange_Visitors⠀⇛
# ⚓ Don’t Extradite Assange ☛ WikiLeaks_Editor-in-Chief_meets
Colombian_president_Gustavo_Petro,_who_promised_to_press_for
the_freedom_of_Julian_Assange⠀⇛
# ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Thuggish_Ways:_Mike_Pompeo,_Punishing
Leakers_and_Getting_Assange⠀⇛
It’s not every day that officials of the Central
Intelligence Agency open up about their operations
but on the occasion of the Yahoo! News report, it
was clear that Assange had driven a number to sheer
distraction. Had these security types caught the
bug of transparency? Unlikely, but it might have
been a slight rash of irritation doing the rounds
in the clandestine community.
Having first designated WikiLeaks a “hostile non-
state intelligence service” in April 2017, Pompeo
evidently thought that the laws of engagement would
have to change. The publishing outfit would have
to be subject to “offensive counterintelligence”,
while Assange himself would be given special
treatment.
# ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Sweden_Expands_Espionage_Law,_Endangering
Freedom_of_Journalists_and_Whistleblowers⠀⇛
By Kevin Gosztola / The Dissenter Sweden’s
parliament adopted a major espionage law expansion
that will permit the country’s police to
investigate journalists, publishers, and
whistleblowers if they reveal secret information
that “may damage Sweden’s relationship with another
state or an international organization.”
Journalists, publishers, or whistleblowers found
guilty of revealing such “damaging” information
could […]
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ India ☛ Taliban_Publicly_Flog_Couple_Over_Pre-marital
Affair,_Warns_Against_Recording_Punishment⠀⇛
The couple was arbitrarily detained as they
travelled to Bamyan to explore. No reason was given
by the Taliban for arresting the boy and the girl
at the time they were apprehended. Taliban Supremo
Mullah Hibatullah Akhundzada, in a meeting with
court judges, said that “they must not hesitate in
giving Hadd and Qisas punishments as per Islamic
law,” Khaama Press found. Under the laws imposed by
the Taliban, Hadd crimes are punishable by death or
amputation of limbs and other harsh punishments.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Is_FIFA_World_Cup_Controversy
Just_One_More_Distraction?⠀⇛
After an awkward run up, the FIFA World Cup is
finally underway in Qatar—a country mired in
scandal and run by a deeply corrupt organisation.
Usually in the weeks leading up to soccer’s
showcase tournament, excitement is on the faces of
people in every country represented. This World Cup
feels different. The excitement has been subdued by
allegation after allegation—ranging from 6,500
migrant workers dying during a ten year
construction boom to Ecuador players being offered
$7.4 million to throw the opening match. Evidently
the bribe wasn’t accepted as Ecuador ran out clear
winners in the first opening World Cup game ever to
end in defeat for the host nation. Additionally,
LGBTQ supporters fear for their safety in a country
where homosexuality is a crime, and perhaps the
biggest concern for many fans is that they will now
be forced to stay sober for a full 90 minutes after
Qatar banned alcohol sales inside stadiums just two
days before the opening game. This has led many to
push for a boycott of games and to calls from many
footballers and politicians alike to put pressure
on the hosts to carry out deep reforms. Qataris
seem perplexed by all the controversy, and maybe
they are right to be so.
# ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ World_Cup_in_Qatar_Is_“Deadliest_Major
Sporting_Event”_in_History,_Built_on_a_Decade_of_Forced
Labor⠀⇛
As the World Cup begins, we look at the host
country of Qatar’s labor and human rights record.
“This is the deadliest major sporting event,
possibly ever, in history,” says Minky Worden of
Human Rights Watch, who describes how millions of
migrant workers from the world’s poorest countries
have faced deadly and forced labor conditions
working on the $2 billion infrastructure. By one
count, 6,500 migrant workers have died in Qatar
since 2010, when it was awarded the right to host
the games. “These are unprecedented labor rights
abuses,” says Worden, who claims “there’s no
ability if you’re a migrant worker in Qatar to
strike for your basic human rights.”
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ LGBTQ+_Rights_Groups_Denounce_FIFA_Ban_on
OneLove_Armbands_During_World_Cup_in_Qatar⠀⇛
Human rights defenders and sports fans worldwide
condemned a decision by the world football
governing body FIFA to ban any shows of support for
LGBTQ+ rights by players during the World Cup that
kicked off in Qatar on Sunday.
“LGBTQ+ people are criminalized in Qatar just for
being themselves.”
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Major_Strike_Looms_as_Largest_Rail_Union_in
US_Rejects_White_House-Brokered_Contract⠀⇛
The largest railroad workers union in the United
States announced Monday that its members voted to
reject a contract negotiated with the help of the
Biden White House, once again raising the prospect
of a major strike or lockout as employees revolt
over profitable rail giants’ refusal to provide
adequate paid sick leave.
“SMART-TD members with their votes have spoken,
it’s now back to the bargaining table for our
operating craft members.”
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Rights_Groups_Demand_Biden_Close_‘Inhumane’
ICE_Detention_Centers⠀⇛
Over 100 rights organizations on Monday pressured
U.S. President Joe Biden to end the mass detention
of migrants, describing the practice as inhumane,
unjust, unnecessary, and fiscally irresponsible.
“Inhumane conditions and treatment are rife across
the immigrant detention system.”
# ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Railroad_Workers’_Strike_Could_Begin_as_Soon_as
December_9,_Union_Says⠀⇛
# ⚓ EFF ☛ VICTORY!_Congress_Sends_the_Safe_Connections_Act_to
the_President’s_Desk⠀⇛
Thankfully, Congress just passed a bill that will
change that.
The Safe Connections Act (S. 120) was introduced in
January 2021 by Senators Brian Schatz, Deb Fischer,
Richard Blumenthal, Rick Scott, and Jacky Rosen. It
would make it easier for survivors of domestic
violence to separate their phone line from a family
plan while keeping their own phone number. It also
requires the FCC to create rules to protect the
privacy of the people seeking this protection. This
bill overwhelmingly passed both chambers of
Congress and was sent to the President’s desk on
November 18, 2022.
Telecommunications carriers are already required to
make numbers portable when users want to change
carriers. So it should not be hard for carriers to
replicate a seamless process when a paying customer
wants to move an account within the same carrier.
EFF strongly supports this bill.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Power_of_Negative_Thinking⠀⇛
With the 2022 midterm elections in the books, and
Donald Trump back in the running for the
presidency, the American commentariat is palpably
longing for a return to normalcy—a moment when
civility and bipartisan alliances become thinkable
once more, and the ugly confrontational politics of
the past six years can be mothballed. Right-wing
culture trainspotter David Brooks sounded the
emerging elite pundit consensus, as he reliably
does, in a post-election New York Times column
announcing “The Fever Is Breaking,” hailing the
results as a “triumph of the normies” and a
resounding repudiation of “performative populism”
on the right and left alike. In short order, Yascha
Mounk struck the reassuring note of antiphonal
neoliberal harmony with an Atlantic column
explaining “How Moderates Won the Midterms.”
”Traditional right-wing outlets such as National
Review and the New York Post joined in, via high-
profile efforts to throw cold water on the next
Trump run with dismissive and derisive coverage.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Manhattan_DA_Finally_Keeps_His_Campaign
Promise_Not_to_Prosecute_a_Domestic_Violence_Victim⠀⇛
On Friday, 10 days before her trial was scheduled
to begin, Tracy McCarter received some welcome
news: Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg had
announced that his office would no longer proceed
with prosecuting her for murder in the death of her
estranged husband.
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Be_Careful_What_You_Work_For:_The_GOP’s
Abortion_Woes_Are_Just_Starting⠀⇛
Looking back on the confident predictions of an
impending “red wave” offered by Republican
strategists in the days before the midterms, the
overriding question now becomes: Were they lying?
Or were they just deluded?
# ⚓ The Nation ☛ Why_My_Organization_Has_Chosen_to_Defy_Israeli
Military_Orders⠀⇛
Early on the morning on August 18, 2022, the
Israeli army raided seven prominent Palestinian
civil society and human rights organizations in
occupied Ramallah, damaging property and
confiscating files and equipment. The army welded
the doors of these organizations shut and affixed
military orders demanding their closure. Al-Haq was
one of those raided; I am the general director.
Following the raids, I was summoned for
interrogation by Israeli intelligence officers and
threatened with imprisonment and other measures
should our organization continue operating.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ 35_Years_And_$400_Million_Later,_The_FCC_Says_It
Finally_Has_Accurate_Broadband_Maps._Maybe.⠀⇛
We’ve noted for decades how, despite all the
political lip service paid toward “bridging the
digital divide,” the U.S. doesn’t actually have any
idea where broadband is or isn’t available. The
FCC’s past broadband maps, which cost $350 million
to develop, have long been accused of all but
hallucinating competitors, making up available
speeds, and excluding a key metric of
competitiveness: price.
# ⚓ EFF ☛ Documents_Show_DOJ’s_Multi-Pronged_Effort_to
Undermine_Section_230⠀⇛
DOJ was tracking multiple efforts to repeal or
frustrate 47 U.S.C. § 230 (Section 230), including
implementation of then-President Donald Trump’s
unconstitutional Executive Order and the
department’s own proposed amendments to the law.
Although all of those efforts were public, the fact
that the DOJ was closely monitoring them was not.
DOJ also developed a series of talking points about
Section 230 reform efforts. Those talking points
included a claim that because “the Constitution
treats criminal content and lawful speech
differently, so too should platforms.” That
statement ignores that many users of platforms do
not want to see a host of awful but protected
speech that platforms regularly moderate. In
addition, online intermediaries have their own
First Amendment rights to decide what speech they
want to host. Those rights don’t rise and fall
depending on whether the moderated speech is
protected. Just as a newspaper can decide for
itself what articles and opinions it publishes,
websites and apps can as well.
Taken together, the documents reflect a concerted
push by DOJ to either amend the law or undermine it
via Trump’s Executive Order. Fortunately, neither
DOJ nor Trump’s efforts succeeded.
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Swifties_Are_Joining_the_Anti-
Monopoly_Movement⠀⇛
The anti-monopoly movement is having a moment. Gone
are the days of associating evil market dominance
with Standard Oil or Carnegie Steel, Bill Gates’
petulance during deposition, or how it feels to
desperately mortgage Marvin Gardens because you
landed at the hotel on Park Place.
# ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Cease_and_Desist_Order_Called_‘Massive
Victory’_for_US_Amazon_Workers⠀⇛
Progressives in the United States welcomed news
that a federal judge on Friday filed a nationwide
cease and desist order against Amazon, which
stipulates that the e-commerce giant must stop
firing workers for organizing and otherwise
impeding their participation in pro-union
activities.
The court order, filed in the Eastern District of
New York by District Judge Diana Gujarati,
instructs Amazon, the country’s second-largest
employer, to immediately stop “discharging
employees because they engaged in protected
concerted activity” and “in any like or related
manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing
employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed
to them by Section 7 of the National Labor
Relations Act.”
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Creative Commons ☛ CC’s_Engagement_on_the_EU_Data
Act⠀⇛
The European Commission published the Data
Act proposal earlier this year, as a
continuation of its EU’s overall data
strategy. The goal of the Act is to ensure
the vast array of data created today — and
often held by private entities — is shared in
ways that serve societal interests, while
respecting and protecting privacy. Of
particular interest to us at CC are
provisions that: [...]
# ⚓ Creative Commons ☛ Introducing_the_“Better_Sharing”
Illustrations_—_A_Creative_Commons_&_Fine_Acts
Collaboration⠀⇛
In developing this collection of artworks, we
posed this question to 12 prominent global
open advocates…
# ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Z-Library_Responds_to_U.S._Crackdown,
Asks_Authors_for_Forgiveness⠀⇛
Z-Library has responded to the U.S. criminal
indictment against two of its alleged
operators and associated domain name
seizures. The remaining team members still
haven’t confirmed the involvement of the two
Russians but say they are determined to keep
going. Z-Library also promises to take the
complaints of authors seriously and asks for
their forgiveness.
# ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Police_Tracked_Traffic_of_All
National_ISPs_to_Catch_Pirate_IPTV_Users⠀⇛
In May 2022, Italian police claimed that
thousands of people had unwittingly
subscribed to a pirate IPTV service being
monitored by the authorities. When users
tried to access illegal streams, a warning
message claimed that they had already been
tracked. With fines now being received
through the mail, police are making some
extraordinary claims about how this was made
possible.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Hobbyists_Once_Again_Do_Preservation:
Every_‘Nintendo_Power’_Mag_Digitized_Online⠀⇛
One of the wonders of a digital world is that
art preservation in many forms suddenly gets
much, much easier. For all kinds of art, be
it video games, music, drawings/paintings,
etc., at the very least an uploaded digital
simulacrum of the art means that it can’t be
easily lost due to the pernicious lack of
care by the creators of the art itself.
# ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Canada_Wants_To_Implement_A_Link_Tax⠀⇛
One chapter of my Walled Culture book (free
download available in various formats) looks
at how the bad ideas embodied in the EU’s
appalling Copyright Directive – the worst
copyright law so far – are being taken up
elsewhere. One I didn’t include, because its
story is still unfolding, is Canada’s Bill C-
18: “An Act respecting online communications
platforms that make news content available to
persons in Canada”. Here’s the key idea,
which will be familiar enough to readers of
this blog:
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal⠀➾
# ⚓ What_do_you_do?⠀⇛
This one is about running the game, or maybe:
phrases to use that improve your game.
# ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_AYIMRTH_Wordo:_HAMMY⠀⇛
o § Technical⠀➾
# § Internet/Gemini⠀➾
# ⚓ Conviviality_with_those_you_have_never_met⠀⇛
The internet connects people across the world
into a global village. Wasn’t that what they
used to say in its early days? It’s still
kind of true, with some necessary provisos.
There’s a great firewall and new digital
Berlin walls are being constructed, there are
gated communities and paywalls.
Here are some of my experiences, from the
perspective of never having been active on
anything usually considered a social media
platform.
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4368
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.22.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_22/11/2022:_Release_of_DietPi_8.11⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 1:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Desktop/Laptop
o Audiocasts/Shows
o Kernel_Space
o Graphics_Stack
o Applications
o Instructionals/Technical
o Desktop_Environments/WMs
# K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt
# GNOME_Desktop/GTK
* Distributions_and_Operating_Systems
o New_Releases
o BSD
o Fedora_Family_/_IBM
o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family
o Devices/Embedded
o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications
* Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software
o FSF
o Programming/Development
# Perl_/_Raku
* Leftovers
o Hardware
o Proprietary
o Linux_Foundation
o Security
o Finance
o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
o Moderation
# Copyrights
* Gemini*_and_Gopher
o Personal
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux Magazine ☛ The_New_StarFighter_Linux_Laptop_is_Now
Available_For_Preorder⠀⇛
Star Labs has been creating Linux laptops for some
time now and recently they announced a new addition
to their fleet of options, the StartFighter custom
laptop. This beautiful piece of technology features
a true matte display that uses a protective coating
to defuse ambient light so colors can shine
brighter. The display offers up to 3840×2400 4K
resolution, a 16:10 aspect ratio, and 600cd/m² of
brightness at a 165 Hz refresh rate and 178 degrees
of viewing.
Other features found on the StarFighter include a
removable webcam with built-in storage, a kill
switch to shut off wireless when needed, a backlit
keyboard with media keys, international layouts,
and LED indicators. The StarFighter also includes a
haptic trackpad, and a Plasma Electrolytic
Oxidation coaching for a textured finish that is
stronger than steel and fingerprint resistant.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Video ☛ 3_Years_Of_Daily_Driving_Linux_Tiling_Window
Managers_–_Invidious⠀⇛
I absolutely adore tiling window managers they now
my preferred way of using my Linux system so I
thought I’d go over what my workflow looks like
after all this time.
# ⚓ Video ☛ Before_trashing_your_hard_drive_don’t_do_this._It
can_cost_you_all_of_your_personal_files_–_Invidious⠀⇛
using rm to delete files does nothing under the
hood. the files data remains on your system and any
forensic tool can recover it easily. on unix/linux
there is a command line utility to securely delete
files called shred, this program will overwrite
data making it much harder to recover data that was
deleted.
# ⚓ Video ☛ How_to_pronounce_Open_Source_–_Linux_words_–
Invidious⠀⇛
Curious how to properly say “GNOME”? Linux? GNU?
Ubuntu? Mozilla? Let’s walk through exactly how to
pronounce some of the Open Source & Linux world’s
most challenging words… the Lunduke Way ™.
# ⚓ Jupiter Broadcasting ☛ Mystery_Box_|_LINUX_Unplugged_485⠀⇛
We dig into Shufflecake, a tool that lets Linux
users hide data with plausible deniability, then
let our live stream SSH into our server and see if
they can discover our secret data.
Plus, we follow up on Brent’s never-ending desktop
distro search and Chris’ new Linux rig.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Time_Lords_decree_an_end_to_leap_seconds
•_The_Register⠀⇛
The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
(BIPM) has made a decision, and declared that the
world can do without leap seconds.
Leap seconds have occasionally been added to
official timekeeping records to reflect changes in
the Earth’s angular rotation and a way of measuring
time called UT1.
While UT1 is valid and correct, the world also
measures time using Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC) – a time scale produced by BIPM.
Adding leap seconds to satisfy UT1 messes with UTC,
and that makes time’s overseers unhappy.
Leap seconds are also painful to promulgate in the
digital realm. The Linux kernel’s inability to
handle added leap seconds caused plenty of crashes
in 2012. A 2015 leap second also caused issues and
in 2016 Cloudflare stumbled when confronted with
the need to add a second.
o § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer⠀⇛
We’ve just released an extension that I think will
completely change how engines approach descriptors
going forward.
tl;dr version for the busy graphics programmer:
Descriptor sets are now backed by VkBuffer objects
where you memcpy in descriptors. Delete
VkDescriptorPool and VkDescriptorSet from the API,
and have fun!
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Mimic_3_–_neural_Text_to_Speech_(TTS)
engine⠀⇛
Mimic 3 is a neural text to speech engine that can
run locally, even on low-end hardware like the
Raspberry Pi 4. The software speaks over 25
languages with over 100 pre-trained voices. Mimic 3
uses VITS, a “Conditional Variational Autoencoder
with Adversarial Learning for End-to-End Text-to-
Speech”.
Mimic 3 is free and open source software.
Let’s take you through the installation steps first
before demonstrating the software.
# ⚓ Free Desktop ☛ [ANNOUNCE]_wayland-protocols_1.30⠀⇛
wayland-protocols 1.30 is now available.
This release introduces a new staging protocol
extension aiming for
letting clients communicate to compositors that
they allow their content
to "tear" (screen showing part old, part new
content). See the protocol
extension specification for details.
# ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternative_to_SAS/
STAT_–_LinuxLinks⠀⇛
SAS/STAT provides tools and procedures for
statistical modeling of data. It includes analysis
of variance, linear regression, predictive
modeling, statistical visualization techniques and
a lot more.
SAS is proprietary software. What are the best free
and open source alternatives to SAS/STAT?
# ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to
Apple_VoiceOver_–_LinuxLinks⠀⇛
Apple VoiceOver is a screen-reader that tells you
exactly what’s happening on your device.
VoiceOver is proprietary software and not available
for Linux. We recommend the best free and open
source alternatives.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ EX180_Series:_Using_Podman_to_Build_Images_and_Run
Containers⠀⇛
We are going to have a look at the EX180 exam
objectives for Podman, review commands for
Dockerfile and perform 4 hands-on tasks to get
familiar with an image creation process.
# ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Metasploit_on_Ubuntu_20.04_|
22.04_LTS⠀⇛
In this guide, we will download and install
Metasploit on Ubuntu systems
The Metasploit Project is a computer security
project that provides information about security
vulnerabilities and aids in penetration testing and
IDS signature development. It is owned by Boston,
Massachusetts-based security company Rapid7.
Its best-known sub-project is the open-source
Metasploit Framework, a tool for developing and
executing exploit code against a remote target
machine. Other important sub-projects include the
Opcode Database, shellcode archive and related
research.
The Metasploit Project includes anti-forensic and
evasion tools, some of which are built into the
Metasploit Framework. Metasploit is pre-installed
in the Kali Linux operating system.
# ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Nvidia_Drivers_on_LMDE_5/4⠀⇛
Linux Mint Debian Edition is, as most users that
install it would know, based on Debian. By default,
Debian does come with support for Nvidia drivers
over the open-source nouveau drivers, which
depending on the type of graphic card you have
installed, would most likely work and improve the
performance of your system, especially for games
and users that do graphical design. But, for users
with newer cards, even the default repository
Nvidia drivers can often fall behind. Luckily,
there are options for LMDE users to install the
latest drivers using the Nvidia CUDA repository.
The following tutorial will teach you how to
install Nvidia Graphic Drivers using default
repositories and to install Nvidia drivers directly
from Nvidia repositories on Linux Mint Debian
Edition, with both open-source and proprietary
drivers available.
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Install_and_Set_Up_MariaDB_on_Ubuntu
22.04⠀⇛
MariaDB is a widely used database in Linux systems.
In this guide, you will explore how to install the
database on Ubuntu 22.04 with the help of a few
easy-to-follow commands.
Once you’ve installed and configured MariaDB, you
will learn how to interact with it through the
MariaDB command line. In the end, you will also see
a command to uninstall the database from Ubuntu.
# ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_Blender_on_a
Chromebook⠀⇛
Today we are looking at how to install Blender on a
Chromebook.
If you have any questions, please contact us via a
YouTube comment and we would be happy to assist
you!
Please use the video as a visual guide, and the
commands and links below to install it on your
Chromebook.
# ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ VIM_tutorial_for_beginners⠀⇛
The Vim editor (and its predecessor, vi) is a
command line editor for Linux systems. It has a
long standing reputation as being the most powerful
text editor on Linux. After mastering it, many
users will even claim that it is far speedier and
more convenient to use than a typical GUI editor
packed with lots of features in its menus.
Vim has a staggering number of features and
functions, but they are all hidden behind keyboard
shortcuts and commands. There are no menus or hints
in Vim, as users are expected to have enough of a
grasp to navigate around on their own. And this is
where Vim’s learning curve turns off most new users
from bothering with it. Many novices would rather
stick with something simple, like nano, than deal
with all Vim’s depth.
# ⚓ Document Foundation ☛ Quick_tutorial_–_Docking_Colour
Palettes_in_LibreOffice_Draw⠀⇛
Did you know? You can dock colour palettes in many
places in LibreOffice Draw. Here’s a quick video
from Harald Berger, from the German LibreOffice
community…
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Nate Graham ☛ KDE_is_hiring_a_software_engineer_–
Adventures_in_Linux_and_KDE⠀⇛
Yes that’s right folks, it’s happening!!! KDE
is growing up, joining the big leagues, and
cooking on all burners!
The KDE e.V. recently dipped its toes into
the waters of technical hiring by contracting
with longtime KDE contributor Ingo Klöcker to
maintain and improve KDE’s packaging
infrastructure for non-FOSS platforms. Now
we’re at it again with a new open position
for a “Software Platform Engineer.”
This is an open-ended development position,
with responsibilities for work on KDE
frameworks, Plasma, Qt, middleware like
Pipewire and Wayland protocols–basically, the
same things that a lot of people are already
doing. But… on a consistent work-work basis,
for money, with your KDE friends as
professional colleagues and supervisors!
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ GNOME ☛ Internet_Radio_Locator_for_GTK_4_version
4.8.3_(Earth)_–_Ole_Aamot⠀⇛
Internet Radio Locator for GTK 4 version
4.8.3 is now available with Free Radio from
the Earth.
* § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾
o § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ Release_of_DietPi_8.11⠀⇛
The November 19th, 2022 release of DietPi v8.11
comes with a new image for the NanoPi R5s, the new
software option Homer and a couple of improvements
and minor bug fixes.
o § BSD⠀➾
# ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ macOS_Alternative_helloSystem_(0.7.0)_is
moving_towards_stability⠀⇛
With the release of helloSystem 0.7.0 and more
internal work, helloSystem is moving towards
stability for an “open” alternative to macOS.
The helloSystem is a FreeBSD-based lightweight
operating system aiming for an “open” alternative
to macOS. The primary objective of helloSystem is
to provide an easy-to-install and use FreeBSD
alternative with a truly “open” system. In
addition, the team also aims for macOS switchers
who can feel comfortable with a similar desktop
without a lockdown system or the complexity of a
Linux distribution.
Making such an operating system takes time,
considering the hardware support in the BSD system.
The team is working on creating a desktop –
“hellodesktop” from the ground up. Written in C++,
the hellodesktop and other improvements are coming
along nicely.
o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾
# ⚓ Oracle_Linux_8_Update_7_simplifies_operations_at_scale⠀⇛
The Oracle Linux team is pleased to announce the
availability of the Oracle Linux 8 Update 7 release
for the 64-bit Intel and AMD (x86_64) and 64-bit
Arm (aarch64) platforms. As with all Oracle Linux
releases, this release is 100% application binary
compatible with the corresponding Red Hat
Enterprise Linux release.
Notable changes are in the areas of security and
high availability and enable customers to manage
their systems more efficiently by simplifying
administration tasks and operations at scale.
# ⚓ Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_9.1_Now_Generally_Available⠀⇛
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9 was originally
released in May 2022, and the new 9.1 version, now
generally available, will bring customers a variety
of enhancements and capabilities including SQL
enhancements, Red Hat Smart Management with Red Hat
Satellite, Red Hat Insights and Workstations.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_Helps_Enterprises_Modernize_at
Scale_with_New_Migration_Toolkit⠀⇛
Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open
source solutions, today announced the general
availability of Migration Toolkit for Applications
6, based on the open source project Konveyor, aimed
at helping customers accelerate large-scale
application modernization efforts. The toolkit
enables customers to better assess, prioritize and
modernize their applications across hybrid cloud
environments on Red Hat OpenShift, the industry’s
leading Kubernetes platform.
# ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Siemens_Accelerates_Innovation_at_the
Factory_Edge_with_Red_Hat_OpenShift⠀⇛
Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open
source solutions, today announced that Siemens has
used Red Hat OpenShift, the industry’s leading
enterprise Kubernetes platform, to improve the
availability, performance and security posture of
mission-critical applications at its Amberg
production facility.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Red_Hat,_Intel_open_centers_for_the
network_edge_•_The_Register⠀⇛
Red Hat and Intel today agreed to take their
relationship to the next level – out of the
datacenter and out to the edge.
The IBM-owned Linux giant and the x86 titan see an
opportunity at the network edge: Internet of Things
devices and industrial sensors can generate a
significant amount of data that maybe isn’t best
shipped back to a central server, cloud or
otherwise, for cleansing and analysis.
The two companies are thus launching an Intelligent
Edge Solution Center in Houston, Texas, which
unfortunately can’t be abbreviated into anything
snappy, just IESC.
# ⚓ Red Hat ☛ .NET,_Go,_Kamelets,_and_more:_Top_articles_from
November_2022⠀⇛
# ⚓ Red_Hat_Debuts_New_Versions_of_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_–
Database_Trends_and_Applications⠀⇛
Red Hat, Inc., a provider of open source solutions,
is offering Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.1, the
latest version of the enterprise Linux platform.
Along with the recently announced Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 8.7, these minor versions add and
refine capabilities for a wide range of enterprise
IT needs, from helping to streamline complex
infrastructure environments to improving the
security stance of containerized applications.
Regardless of the environment, IT system security
remains a constant concern for nearly every
organization. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.1 and 8.7
keep these needs front and center with operating
system images that are pre-configured to meet
organization-specific system security needs,
according to the vendor.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ IBM_manager_sues_for_$5m_claiming
postnatal_demotio⠀⇛
o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Zinc:_Making_the_Ubuntu_Experience_What_It
Should_Be⠀⇛
Zinc is an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution
featuring the XFCE desktop, a new package manager,
and out-of-the-box AppImage support.
Zinc is an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution that
goes beyond the idea of simply mixing in an
alternative desktop environment. Zinc’s developers
have gone under the hood, tinkered, tweaked, and
fiddled with some of the fundamental Ubuntu
functionality, and come up with an experience that
challenges users to rethink exactly what Ubuntu can
be.
While users love Ubuntu for its stability, many
find the user experience to be somewhat
underwhelming. If that sounds like you, Zinc just
might be the distro that brings you back.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Liliputing ☛ LinkStar_H68K_is_a_pocket-sized_router_(or
mini_PC)_Android,_OpenWRT,_Ubuntu,_and_Debian_support_–
Liliputing⠀⇛
The LinkStar-H68K is a tiny computer that’s
positioned as a router thanks to its four Ethernet
interfaces. But it’s also basically a rugged mini
PC that could be used for network-attached storage,
digital signage, or other applications.
Available now from Seed Studio for $89 and up, the
system is powered by a Rockchip RK3568 processor
and ships with Android 11 software pre-installed,
but also supports OpenWRT, Ubuntu, and Debian.
o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Google_fixes_call_issues_on_Pixel_phones_with
Android_Auto⠀⇛
# Gizmo China ☛
# ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Galaxy_S20_FE_and_Galaxy_S21_FE_getting
Android_13⠀⇛
# ⚓ XDA ☛ Paranoid_Android_Topaz_based_on_Android_13_is_here
for_the_Google_Pixel_7_series⠀⇛
# ⚓ Nokia Mob ☛ Android_13_gets_tested_on_Nokia_phones_|
Nokiamob⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Central ☛ Only_one_Galaxy_Note_10_model_will_get
Android_13,_and_it’s_rolling_out_now_|_Android_Central⠀⇛
# ⚓ Boost_your_Android_phone’s_security_with_a_VPN⠀⇛
# ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ Samsung_dominates_global_Android_market_this
month_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛
# ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ How_to_switch_back_to_taskbar_widgets_on
Android_Auto_redesign⠀⇛
# ⚓ Notebook Check ☛ OPPO_Find_X6_Pro_tipped_to_become_one_of
the_thickest_flagship_Android_smartphones_of_2023_–
NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android Central ☛ Android_tablets_finally_pick_up_Google’s
promised_productivity_features_|_Android_Central⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § FSF⠀➾
# ⚓ GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) ☛ Happy 27!_–_GIMP⠀⇛
Today, on 21st of November 2022, the GNU Image
Manipulation Program turned 27 (cf. the first
release announcement on 1995-11-21).
# ⚓ FSF ☛ LibrePlanet_CFS_closing_very_soon._Submit_today!⠀⇛
Our Thanksgiving gift: four more days to submit
your session for LibrePlanet 2023! The call for
sessions will now close on Monday, November 28,
2022, at 10:00 EST (15:00 UTC). We thought one last
reminder, and one more weekend, just might be the
last push you need to bring pen to paper (or finger
to keyboard!) and submit your idea for a
presentation, workshop, panel, or instructional
video at LibrePlanet 2023: Charting the Course. The
event will be held on March 18 and 19, 2022 and
will be offered both in person and online. Sessions
may be conducted either in person or remotely.
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ Dirk Eddelbuettel ☛ RcppClassic_0.9.13_on_CRAN:_Minor
Update⠀⇛
A maintenance release 0.9.14 of the RcppClassic
package arrived earlier today on CRAN. This package
provides a maintained version of the otherwise
deprecated initial Rcpp API which no new projects
should use as the normal Rcpp API is so much
better.
The changes is. CRAN was reporting (for all four
macOS builds, and only there) that an absolute path
was embedded, so we updated the (old …) call to
install_name_tool use on that (and only that) OS.
No other changes were made.
# ⚓ Qt ☛ Qt_for_MCUs_–_Lists_&_Highlights⠀⇛
Qt for MCUs provides a lighter version of the
mainstream Qt to be able to effortlessly run on
devices having lower RAM, Flash, and CPU
availability. That being said it would imply
developers coming from the Qt mainstream world may
have to work with certain limitations while
implementing HMI for MCUs.
Even with limitations when it comes to HMI we still
want to see something fancy and give our users a
smooth experience and as developers, we want to
challenge ourselves and develop smooth HMI with the
constraints of the HMI framework and the obvious
hardware constraints of MCUs.
Lists being common in the various HMI designs, the
same stands for MCU designs, but, unlike the
Listview feature of mainstream Qt with
functionalities like Cachebuffer, highlight,
highlight begin & end, currentIndex, currentItem,
are not available in Qt for MCUs. What is available
out of the box with lists in Qt for MCUs is model,
delegate which helps us create a basic view.
# ⚓ Is_there_a_note-taking_app_that_beats_Vim,_Markdown,_and
Git?:_Dissociated_Press⠀⇛
Usually I avoid post titles / headlines in the form
of a question, but I’m genuinely curious: Have you
found a good note-taking app that’s ultimately
better than just plain text files in Markdown with
Vim (optionally synced with Git)?
I’ve tried lots of apps like Joplin, Obsidian, and
services like HackMD, but tend to get frustrated
with them quickly. It may just be my impatience, if
I stuck with one longer than a week or two I’d get
the hang of it. I learned Vim as a job requirement
(long story) and had to stick out the learning
curve.
# ⚓ How_to_rotate_an_actor_with_Raylib_without_math_knowledge_|
AksDev⠀⇛
I wanted to write down how I made the enemy
characters in Artificial Rage rotate towards the
player, since I couldn’t find a simple answer.
Most things I found was math. Now math is fun and
good, but when you’re tired and want to get one
thing just to work at 4 am, it’s not gonna help
you.
Especially since I’ve never learned linear algebra
at any school I’ve went to (or I just likely don’t
remember), and double especially since all the math
lingo is in English and I have no idea what any of
it means!!!
Getting Gooder at math is on my eternal to-do list,
but anyhow, for those like me who just need to get
something done, here’s how I did it.
First off, I just wanted the character to rotate
around it’s Y-axis: If you would stick a.. well
stick in a grape and twirl the stick in your
fingers, that’s the Y-axis of the grape. This means
the following snippet does not take account the
other axises. But I’m sure it could be used for it.
# § Perl / Raku⠀➾
# ⚓ Rakulang ☛ 2022.47_Migratory_–_Rakudo_Weekly_News⠀⇛
This year has seen a lot of migrations. In
the real world sadly, but also online: the
FreeNode fiasco comes to mind, and now
Twitter appears to be going the same
direction. So it was a good opportunity to
start an official channel for the Raku
Programming Language on Mastodon: https://
fosstodon.org/@RakuLang, run by members of
the Raku Steering Council. This will replace
the two Twitter accounts that were run by
Moritz Lenz and Roman Baumer.
Yours truly found out today that you can
actually “follow” a tag on Mastodon. To
follow the #RakuLang tag, the relative URL is
/tags/RakuLang on your local Mastodon
instance, so e.g. https://fosstodon.org/tags/
RakuLang. Why the CamelCase? Aren’t tags case
insensitive? They are indeed, but by
camelcasing them, you make it easier on the
people that need to use screen readers, as
screenreaders take the capital letters as
hints for pronunciation.
# ⚓ Perl ☛ Return_of_Kephra_|_lichtkind_
[blogs.perl.org]⠀⇛
Juhuu, released Kephra 0.401 in the spirit
release early – release often. It is the
start of a complete rewrite. So it’s back to
zero: now it can only edit one file at a time
and has only Perl highlighting and UTF-8 or
ASCII encoding. But some of you will still
want to use it (beside vi, emacs, VStudio or
atom – I know) because of the comfort in
basic editing it provides. The following
article explains what I mean by that.
Basic editing means writing, crafting,
forming a text without big IDE features like
refactoring, linting and such. It is
surprising how deficient, especially big IDE
are in that field, where a little coding and
much attention to details works wonders.
It starts with tiny things like: in Perl $ @
% are word character because part of an
identifier. And when you navigate the next
you want skip a whole var at once or select
it, without additional key twiddling. You
want also navigate between matching braces,
from block to block or from sub so sub or
just easily return to place you just wrote
something (Ctrl+E).
All that by just holding Ctrl for minimal
finger movement.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Tale_Of_The_Three_Tactiles_–_Jon’s_FOSS_Blog⠀⇛
So I was a little late to the game on mechanical
keyboards but I tried my best to catch up in 2022
and so I could try to make it into 2023. The first
one I got was the Ducky-Mini with Cherry MX Brown
switches which offers a bit of a quieter/smoother
version of a tactile switch or a rougher/scratchier
version of a linear.
# ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Bluetooth_LE_to_support_6_GHz_frequency
band⠀⇛
o § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ VMware_Workstation_17_Series_Releases;_Adds_New
Linux_Guest_OS [Ed: Sourav Rudra knows it's NOT FOSS and he
even admits it ("It isn't open-source but works quite
well."), so what does the site ItsFOSS stand for?]⠀⇛
VMware Workstation is a popular virtual machine
software available for Linux and Windows.
It isn’t open-source but works quite well.
Used by enterprises, individuals, and educational
institutions alike, it offers a lot of utility with
support for various Linux distros.
Sometimes, it might prove to be a better option
than VirtualBox. However, that should be up for
debate as per your use-cases.
# ⚓ The Register UK ☛ VMware_adds_Apple_silicon_support_to
desktop_hypervisor_•_The_Register⠀⇛
VMware has refreshed its desktop hypervisors,
adding native support for Apple’s Arm-based CPUs as
well as Windows 11.
The virtualization giant offers three desktop
hypervisors: Workstation and Player for x86
machines, plus Fusion for macOS. Workstation and
Player have reached version 17, and Fusion is at
version 13.
The big addition to both is a virtual trusted
platform module (TPM) – an essential requirement
for running Windows 11 as a guest OS.
# ⚓ Ghacks ☛ Microsoft_is_turning_Windows_11′s_Start_Menu_into
an_advertisement_delivery_system⠀⇛
o § Linux Foundation⠀➾
# ⚓ Rancher_Government_Solutions_Teams_with_the_Linux
Foundation_for_Training_and_Certification_Programs;_Ben
Zifrony_Quoted⠀⇛
Rancher Government Solutions, a company focused on
delivering secure, open source technology to the
public sector, has teamed with the Linux
Foundation, an open source technology consortium.
# ⚓ Yahoo News ☛ Rancher_Government_Solutions_and_The_Linux
Foundation_Partner_to_Accelerate_Digital_Transformation_with
World_Class_Cloud_Native_Training_and_Certification
Programs⠀⇛
# ⚓ Automotive_Grade_Linux_Announces_The_Release_Of_The⠀⇛
AGL is the only company proposing to cover all
software in the vehicle, including the instrument
cluster, heads-up display, telematics, advanced
driver assistance systems (ADAS), and autonomous
driving, while having initially focused on in-
vehicle entertainment (IVI).
o § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ What_Do_You_Need_to_Secure_a_Blended_Windows-Linux
Environment?_–_Rezilion [Ed: Citing Jim Zemlin like he's a
security figure is akin to quoting Trump on women's rights]⠀⇛
The Linux Foundation recognizes the value of this,
with Executive Director Jim Zemlin observing that
“SBOMs are no longer optional,’’ and its research
has revealed that 78% of organizations expect to
produce or consume SBOMs in 2022.
# ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ Microsoft_Defender_protects_Mac_and_Linux
from_malicious_websites [Ed: Longtime Microsoft propagandist
Mary Branscombe (nothing short of Microsoft asset inside
media) promotes proprietary fake security from an NSA
enabler, saying it would "protect" Linux]⠀⇛
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ I Cringely ☛ What_about_the_layoffs_at_Meta_and_Twitter?
Elon_is_crazy!_WTF???⠀⇛
I first arrived in Silicon Valley in 1977 — 45
years ago. I was 24 years old and had accepted a
Stanford fellowship paying $2,575 for the academic
year. My on-campus apartment rent was $175 per
month and a year later I’d buy my first Palo Alto
house for $57,000 (sold 21 years later for
$990,000). It was an exciting time to be living and
working in Silicon Valley. And it still is. We’re
right now in a period of economic confusion and
reflection when many of the loudest voices have
little to no sense of history. Well my old brain is
crammed with history and I’m here to tell you that
the current situation — despite the news coverage —
is no big deal. This, too, shall pass.
[...]
I could easily argue that AI in 1987 looks very
similar to the metaverse in 2021. Meta (formerly
Facebook) is losing $10 billion per year betting on
its metaverse strategy. Recent layoffs suggest that
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg is reevaluating his
expected timeline for success.
How long can Zuckerberg afford to continue dumping
billions into metaverse development? Given Meta’s
corporate structure giving Zuckerberg personal
voting control of the company, that question comes
down to how long Meta will have enough excess
cashflow to cover the costs. IF Meta is cutting its
burn rate in half with these layoffs (a good
argument I think) Zuckerberg can continue spending
at this rate… forever. This assumes Meta continues
to make lots of money with current products, but it
also identifies Zuck as probably the only person in
the history of tech who could make this bet pay off
IF the meta verse actually becomes the next big
thing.
It will be interesting to see what happens with
Meta. Zuck might just run out of energy or — more
likely — some competing next big thing may come
along to distract him. I’m not sure it really
matters much.
What does matter is that in high tech change is the
norm, flux is nearly constant, and what we are
seeing in the current weakness is probably change
that should have happened years ago but for all the
cheap money.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ Daniel Pocock ☛ Linking_Julian_Assange,_Novak_Djokovic_&
Prince_Alfred_with_triangles⠀⇛
The University of Melbourne is surrounded by three
well known bars. We can join the dots to make the
Golden triangle or perhaps the Bermuda triangle.
Students who go for a drink at lunchtime might
disappear for the rest of the day.
Now we have a second triangle sharing one point,
the Prince Alfred, with the first triangle.
The bars are Naughton’s on the Royal Parade, the
Clyde Hotel in Carlton and the Prince Alfred’s
(PA’s) bar on Grattan Street. If you want to walk
in the footsteps of the late Peter Eckersley, PA’s
is closest to the computer science labs in Bouverie
Street.
Recent blogs began to explore Prince Alfred. When
Julian Assange was apprehended in the UK, he gave
an address barely 50 meters away at 177 Grattan
Street. When Novak Djokovic was apprehended by
Australian authorities earlier this year, he was
detained in the nearby Park Hotel, formerly Rydges
Carlton.
o § Moderation⠀➾
# ⚓ CCIA ☛ State_Content_Moderation_Landscape_Update_and_Look
to_2023_–_Disruptive_Competition_Project⠀⇛
We are two weeks past the 2022 midterm elections
and this year’s election advanced state leadership
on a number of issues. States have become the new
battleground for policy making and influencing,
especially with regards to content moderation. But
before we preview how the content moderation debate
could play out in 2023, we first have to review
past and ongoing trends.
State lawmakers began their own initiatives to
regulate online content moderation around 2018.
Since 2021, states have introduced over 250 bills
to regulate content across digital services’
platforms, though often with the intent to target
leading tech companies alone. Many states are
considering or have enacted content moderation
legislation. However, much of this legislation
risks conflicting with federal law, including
Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act
which, as our resource page elucidates, is integral
to the function of the Internet.
Many states are changing to one-party rule in this
election cycle and state legislation will therefore
be much easier to pass. Over the past year,
legislators have pursued multiple kinds of content
moderation measures (more deeply covered in CCIA’s
Content Moderation Landscape), the most problematic
of which often center on perceived “censorship,”
the establishment of an oversight body, disclosure
and auditing or testing requirements for
algorithms, increased content removal, and
resolutions calling on Congress to amend or repeal
Section 230, among other foci. Certain states to be
aware of are California, the District of Columbia,
Florida, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Texas, and
Wisconsin.
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Public Knowledge ☛ Prince_Prints,_Minted_in_Tints,
and_Article_III’s_Art_Critic_Stints_–_Public
Knowledge⠀⇛
Back in the 1980s, a photographer named Lynn
Goldsmith took photo portraits of Prince.
(Yes, that Prince.) She licensed them to
Vanity Fair to be used as artist’s references
for article illustrations, got paid, and went
along her merry way. Vanity Fair turned
around and commissioned Andy Warhol (yes,
that Andy Warhol) to do a silkscreen
illustration of Prince, based on Goldsmith’s
photos, for an upcoming issue. Warhol
completed the commission, and then some;
although he was only paid for one (“Purple
Prince”), he made another 13 variants, just
for funsies. These were not published, nor
were they part of the agreement with Vanity
Fair. Vanity Fair ran the article with
“Purple Prince” in 1984, and Warhol died in
1989.
Three decades later, Prince died. Vanity Fair
approached Warhol’s heirs (The Warhol
Foundation) and asked if the publication
could use another image from the Prince
Series as the cover for their commemorative
edition. The Warhol Foundation agreed, and
another print from the series (“Orange
Prince”) ran on the cover of Vanity Fair.
Goldsmith – who had, to this point, been
unaware of the other 13 Prince prints (try
saying that ten times fast) – sued, arguing
that her initial license to Vanity Fair only
covered the creation of the initial print.
According to Goldsmith, the silkscreens
amount to nothing more than unlicensed
colorizations that infringe on her copyright.
The Warhol Foundation countered that the
prints were a transformative fair use, as
(among other things) they substantially
altered the “meaning or message” of the
original work. The trial court agreed with
Warhol; the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
did not.
* § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾
o § Personal⠀➾
# ⚓ pursuing_a_goal_or_experiencing_a_moment_–_a_short_note
without_conclusion⠀⇛
I once witnessed a discussion in which, on two
opposing, mutually exclusive scales, the
discussants placed deriving energy for action from
pursuing a goal and deriving it from experiencing
(consciously) the moment.
Why these two sources should be mutually exclusive
is something I did not understand and do not
understand to this day. Is it not possible to draw
energy from both, whether alternately or even
simultaneously by consciously experiencing the
process of pursuing a goal?
=> =============================================================================
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.
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