𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, January 20, 2022
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Generated Fri 21 Jan 02:44:14 GMT 2022
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
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Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/01/20/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
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╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ The Future of Techrights | Techrights
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, January 19, 2022 | Techrights
⦿ The Web is a Corporate Misinformation/Disinformation Platform, Biased Against Communities, Facts, and Science | Techrights
⦿ [Meme] UPC for CJEU | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/future-of-techrights/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/irc-log-190122/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/the-anti-linux-media/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/upc-an-illegal-system/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/freeipmi-1-6-9-released/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/mckinsey-openwashing/#comments
http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/red-hat-satellite-6-10-2/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 58
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/future-of-techrights/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/01/20/future-of-techrights/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ The_Future_of_Techrights⠀✐
Posted in Site_News at 7:48 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Future⦈
Just bear with us…
Summary: Futures are difficult to predict, but our general vision for the years
ahead revolves around more community involvement and less (none or decreased)
reliance on third parties, especially monopolistic corporations, mostly because
they oppress the population via the network and via electronic devices
The title isn’t clickbait (I could think of much more click-worthy titles),
it’s just a descriptive explanation, a concise one, of the subject to be
tackled here.
Lately we’ve been having internal (albeit public, fully transparent, to be
found in IRC logs) discussion about the future. We’re been observing the
gradually-deteriorating state of the World Wide Web (just “Web” for short) and
collapse of the media (as in journalism) — a subject_we_tackled_hours_ago. On
Monday we had a complete breakdown of storage (meltdown of the whole OS) in the
self-hosted (from home) Gemini capsule, IPFS and other essential services, but
we recovered fully within less than a day owing to a good backup regime and Git
(all the bits and pieces are there, version-controlled too), leaving_us_with
both_a_hardware_upgrade_(twice_as_much_storage)and_an_OS_upgrade(Bullseye).
We’ll improve our disaster recovery and contingencies strategy as a result of
Monday’s incident, probably using a few “hot spares” and quasi-redundancy.
“To quell or calm down concerned readers (Mogz is among them), we are not
leaving the Web!”Looking ahead at our crystal ball, we envision a move away
from WordPress some time over the horizon. The trajectory of the project isn’t
bad for some users, but we’re not among those users. I myself played a big role
in the project in its earlier days (around 2004-2008), I’m among the first
dozen users in WordPress.com (I was a beta tester), and I care for WordPress
deeply. In fact, I maintain nearly a dozen WordPress sites. I’m not a big fan
of more recent versions of WordPress, but that’s a matter of personal
preferences if not an eccentric opinion. The direction the Web has taken puts
us off more and more over time; we want to seek alternatives, even if they’re
just optional. To quell or calm down concerned readers (Mogz is among them), we
are not leaving the Web! We’re not leaving! It’ll be fully supported probably
for decades to come (if we last decades more… or even a whole decade longer;
decades is a huge amount of time in the context of technology).
“Last year we moved to Gemini, we took our IRC network ‘in-house’, and during
the pandemic’s first year we also added bulletins, then IPFS and a bunch of
other things.”In terms of our focus, we’re trying to produce only accurate and
properly fact-checked material, both in short and long form (even memes are
checked carefully for accuracy). We strive for quality, not quantity, and we
try to produce original material of interest to the general population. We
focus on issues we know well enough and we meticulously check blog posts for
typos, too (unlike IRC; IRC is super-informal and we don’t do social control
media, not in our capacity as a site anyway).
Last year we moved to Gemini, we took our IRC network ‘in-house’, and during
the pandemic’s first year we also added bulletins, then IPFS and a bunch of
other things. The site is no longer limited to just a Web site. It’s a lot
bigger than that. The code we have in Git is a testament to that (we took that
repository public only months ago).
“Software freedom remains our foremost priority.”We still have a lot to say and
to show regarding GitHub/Microsoft, the EPO, and the FSF, which will soon
announce its new chief (not Board). We heard speculations that it’ll be Greg
Farough, but it’s just hearsay and we have no way to prove it. Richard Stallman
suggested that a decision had been made already.
Software freedom remains our foremost priority. The fight against software
patents is closely connected to that priority and we study angles that others
barely touch, e.g. the_devolution_of_cars. One of the best way to help us is to
join us in IRC; not some “like” in social control media or even money. Our
operating costs are as minimal as can be, but the scarcity is human effort. We
want to get more people involved because the more of us work together, the
greater the output (and impact) will be.
So, in short, the future of Techrights will hopefully revolve around expansion
in terms of the number of people involved. █
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⠀⠀⣻⡏⢀⣸⣿⡾⣿⣧⣿⠀⠀⢰⠟⡿⣏⡤⠅⠀⢀⣸⢿⢿⢿⢶⣷⣃⠀⠀⠨⣤⣨⣴⢥⣿⡟⣯⣮⠅⠀⢰⣿⠍⢢⡦⡋⠀⠀⡗⠽⠟⡈⠄⠙⠀⠀⠪⡉⠦⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠡⠡⠈⠀⠀⠠⠉⠁⠀⣤⠴⠟
⠀⢀⡾⢿⣫⣿⣿⣿⡻⣏⠅⡁⢄⡌⣿⣿⠫⠄⠀⠀⣼⣿⣷⢄⣿⣧⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣴⣷⡿⣟⣭⣛⣓⠿⠇⠄⠰⠙⠀⠀⠰⠁⠀⣨⣏⠊⠂⢑⠴⣡⠀⢚⠰⠐⠁⠀⡸⣆⡄⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣾⡿⡿⡷⣿⠫⢽⣿⣄⣸⢻⣲⣯⣿⣿⣧⣦⣄⡤⠞⠿⢿⠃⠨⠿⢷⠁⣀⣠⣶⣿⣀⣨⣯⢭⡂⣷⣯⣿⣤⢙⢾⣿⣦⣀⣠⣴⡶⠿⡄⠚⢃⣝⠁⣀⣴⣽⣤⣠⡔⠃⣪⣽⣶⣤⣤⣄⢀⢁⣠⣤⢤⠤⣠⡠⠴⠶⠶
⢚⢍⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⣻⣷⣾⣿⠿⣿⣻⣗⣷⡥⣾⠎⣿⠑⣈⣹⠟⠟⣿⣿⣽⡿⣿⣿⡏⢝⡿⡝⡵⡌⡬⣏⡍⣿⡅⣠⡷⣡⡒⠜⢅⡀⠙⡃⢙⣿⢉⡥⠟⣿⢾⡉⢥⢻⠃⠀⣄⠀⠀⠠⡠⠀⠀⠀⠤⠐
⢠⣻⣋⢹⣽⡿⣋⣯⣛⢺⣍⣽⣷⣾⢿⢽⡾⢻⣿⣈⡷⣟⠟⢻⠿⣽⣿⣯⣿⢿⣉⣯⠶⣟⣝⣻⢲⠘⢛⣫⠞⠷⣩⠭⠥⣔⠜⡻⡅⡄⠤⣀⣰⠿⢢⣤⡋⠑⠁⠱⠋⠘⢴⡴⢀⠐⢒⡶⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⢩⡀⠀
⡷⢿⣿⣿⣦⣿⡙⡛⠼⣷⣿⣿⡽⣿⣿⣿⠿⣗⣯⣿⡷⡿⠆⡊⡿⡝⠻⠝⡷⣆⣿⡽⠼⣵⣽⢿⢹⣰⣼⣟⣡⢱⣦⢙⣧⡨⣿⡓⣎⠊⢕⠞⠙⠷⢻⠷⠑⠆⣄⢅⢤⠰⣻⣵⣂⡀⢪⠐⠤⠨⠁⠈⢔⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀
⣿⡿⣻⡿⣿⢿⣶⢼⢮⢏⢛⠇⡢⣿⣿⢟⣿⣯⠗⢸⣯⢿⣽⠒⣱⡠⡆⡀⢉⡤⠎⣠⡯⢚⢿⡸⣌⣼⣽⣠⣹⠵⣥⠁⢿⢃⣙⣇⠀⣨⢈⠽⡧⡴⠚⡾⡷⠺⠛⠺⢈⡟⢛⢇⢘⠴⠀⠈⠄⢃⣧⠾⠃⠐⠂⠆⠀⡂
⣿⡧⣯⣷⡡⣉⣪⡪⣯⣤⣾⢪⣷⢾⣿⣟⣿⡐⣽⢿⠓⠐⠞⢀⠛⢳⡟⣿⢀⣆⠼⣏⡍⠊⣠⣭⡾⠑⠛⠥⢭⡜⣿⣀⣟⡙⠝⠿⡷⣏⣽⣦⡕⡯⣯⢁⢘⣗⣵⡵⣯⣀⣀⡭⠍⠊⡂⠑⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠄⠉⠉
⢏⣺⣽⣻⡯⣶⡻⠝⠿⣿⡿⢷⣿⣦⣿⣿⣄⡾⠯⣷⣶⡇⣀⡖⢛⠟⢳⠷⡦⣫⡟⣛⠯⢕⡭⢭⣹⢧⣱⢠⣐⡿⡉⠖⢂⣜⢡⡑⠆⢛⣋⢛⠍⡊⡉⠁⡏⢐⠰⠖⠊⠚⠛⠈⡂⣠⣫⠁⡀⠁⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠐⢑⡄
⣿⣽⣿⣟⣿⣟⢿⠓⠁⠜⢯⣾⣿⢟⡿⢵⣯⣟⣰⣫⣛⣷⣿⣦⡷⣤⡈⠐⢄⠐⣷⢿⣯⡷⣧⣥⡧⣸⢮⣍⢓⠙⡷⠤⣾⠛⢺⣧⣡⣶⠊⠫⣾⡕⠢⠰⠄⠭⠈⡄⡈⠀⣰⠀⠁⡐⣠⡤⡀⠄⠀⠤⡄⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀
⣾⣽⣦⣿⡝⢹⣟⢿⠿⣿⣷⡻⣛⣶⡷⣴⣿⣥⡽⣿⣿⣾⡻⣿⡯⣮⢪⣤⡻⠿⣟⣿⡎⣹⣿⣇⠋⠐⠂⠐⠛⡶⡗⠀⠀⠝⠔⡋⣘⣤⣁⡾⡣⠀⠀⠒⡋⢶⣛⠀⠂⠀⢁⣀⠑⢠⡇⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠯⠿⣿⣻⢛⢙⡟⣾⣾⣷⢿⡿⢶⣿⣧⢿⣷⣾⣟⣻⡿⢿⣲⣧⠪⡜⣽⠻⣛⣞⢛⠟⣆⠛⠋⣟⢾⢶⣂⡴⡦⡭⡤⣐⢄⡐⡠⢴⢀⠉⠙⠑⠀⠀⠠⠅⠀⣤⠀⠤⢀⠀⢉⢞⠂⠀⠀⠢⠶⠀⠠⢈⢁⠐⢀⠁⢀⠀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 189
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/irc-log-190122/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/01/20/irc-log-190122/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 01.20.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_January_19,_2022⠀✐
Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:20 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-190122.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-190122.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-190122.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-190122.gmi
Over HTTP:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
=> =============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
CID Description Object type
IRC log for
QmcoZMr5M1sA7QbbrQxPcVMyk2wuDoPAox1cfgvDZNjW9g #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell
QmcnfPVcX6mePPeuVcieR8AkMDg63KgRe8zDq9SEkN3U6j (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmVirSC69UDVUN4bboZQ1PMFpUejmtjC844f6q7uvUuRp8 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmZ6tUif3uYHsjRxiSgV492391krU26dkqKqLWXevtjCig social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
(full IRC log
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
QmQbmLjrr5xpt1YLBVLBY4UojMSABytR18FUgSVfquJYX3 #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techbytes
QmYHLLL2CiwC8BTpdV35Vfd6aH314DuaYBPoYncTvzYdVe (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
Qmf5fxTafDftgfdYtzksqBHxNJq1hv3JnVcEu8fEmzWJcr #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#techrights
QmXoBhoeZa5YfYAHXf1aHSBDhXtFQzwYLKeiSnMwR9Hy4S (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈
§ Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾
Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmZnZkCBXLzZg5rkewh3peFLzQ5xAZRm6HpjAvmtf39ELR
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 316
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/the-anti-linux-media/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/01/20/the-anti-linux-media/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 01.20.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ The_Web_is_a_Corporate_Misinformation/Disinformation_Platform,_Biased_Against
Communities,_Facts,_and_Science⠀✐
Posted in Deception, FUD, GNU/Linux, Microsoft at 4:02 pm by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum e05535269bcc244893e62c6146774b27
Linux and the Media
Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0
http://techrights.org/videos/anti-linux-media.webm
Summary: Misinformation/disinformation in so-called ‘news’ sites is a pandemic
which spreads; in the process, the_founder_of_GNU/Linux_gets_defamed and GNU/
Linux itself is_described_as_the_problem, not the solution to the_actual
problems
OVER the past week, just_as_we_forewarned_7_days_ago, malicious tongues gave
space and time to Microsoft proxies looking to smear “Linux”. Of course ZDNet
participated in this FUD campaign, as we noted already in editorial comments
(in Daily Links). While we see no need to link (give traffic) to Fear,
Uncertainty, and Doubt (FUD, fear-mongering, dramatisation) we need to talk
about the underlying issue.
As we noted a week ago, the Microsoft-connected [1, 2] CrowdStrike is trying to
sell some new products to “Linux” and in the process it helps Microsoft by
viciously smearing “Linux” with media complicity. Journalism is replaced by PR/
advertising. It is their new business model, in effect disqualifying them.
“We need to replace not only the media but also the Web. They’re both
controlled by dishonest corporations.”On the upside, however, as I demonstrate
in the video above, the media outlets they rely on are rapidly dying. Earlier
today I studied the ZDNet ‘zeitgeist’ and came to the conclusion that this site
“is gradually collapsing; it’s reducing staffing (which is good). If you go to
their “Linux” section right now, page 1 spans about 5 weeks. 1-2 years ago it
would span just 5 days. Lots of FUD and misinformation.”
Towards the end of the video I encourage people to explore Geminispace, which
is a lot less noisy and has virtually no corporate presence (at all). It’s
community-oriented, it’s secure, noise levels are very low, and it has ample
support for many platforms/devices. We need to replace not only the media but
also the Web. They’re both controlled by dishonest corporations. This isn’t an
accident; this was their goal all along. █
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 383
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/01/20/upc-an-illegal-system/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/01/20/upc-an-illegal-system/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 01.20.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ [Meme]_UPC_for_CJEU⠀✐
Posted in Europe, Law, Patents at 6:23 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Recent: Patrick_Breyer,_Unlike_Most_German_Politicians,_Highlights_the_Fact
That_Unified_Patent_Court_(UPC)_and_Unitary_Patent_Are_Incompatible_With_EU_Law
| Team_UPC_Has_Spread_a_Dozen_or_So_Fake_News_Headlines_With_Patently_False
Claims,_Which_It’s_Unable_and_Unwilling_to_Justify
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Let's_start_an_illegal_thing_before_we_get_caught⦈_
EPO participates in illegal activities, led by Benoît_Battistelli, António
Campinos, and Alexander_Ramsay (yes, organised crime is thriving in Europe)
Summary: When you do illegal things and knowingly break the law to get started
with a “legal” system you know it’ll end up in tears… or the CJEU
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡈⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⡇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠖⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⡿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢃⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢰⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢸⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⣍⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣦⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣥⣤⡙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢉⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣜⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣭⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠦⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠋⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡖⠉⠁⠀⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠊⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡟⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢹⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢇⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⣄⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⣤⠆⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢸⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⢀⣀⣀⣤⠄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣇⠿⣸⡻⠗⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⢨⣥⣴⡶⠀⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⣴⡶⠶⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⣹⣽⣿⣷⣶⣾⠿⢀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣭⣿⣷⣿⠿⠿⠿⠀⢒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡏⣭⡍⢫⣶⢼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣶⠶⠶⠶⠛⢛⠀⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣇⣉⣁⠉⣀⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡶⠶⠶⠞⠛⡛⠛⠋⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡈⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣉⣉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠖⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⡿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣥⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣓⣄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⢙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣼⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⢋⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠦⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢰⣿⠀⠘⠻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡶⠈⠉⠉⠉⣙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⢶⣶⣶⣦⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠊⠉⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡟⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⢛⠛⠁⠈⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠙⠛⠛⢉⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠂⠈⠀⢀⡀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠶⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢸⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣇⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⢨⡅⣞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⡄⣎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⣹⣽⣿⣷⣷⣾⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣭⣿⣶⣿⡎⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡟⣭⡍⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣴⡶⠶⠆⢬⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣇⣉⣁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠶⠶⠶⠟⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠙⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⡿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣉⣉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣜⠶⢈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢰⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡶⠉⠉⠉⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠿⠛⠛⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠴⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠇⠘⠛⠋⠉⠉⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠛⠉⣰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠏⡐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢵⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠁⠀⠀⢠⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣷⣶⡆⠀⠀⠸⠛⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠘⠋⠈⠁⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠗⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⣩⣽⣟⣧⢻⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⣭⡝⢶⠏⠟⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀
⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣭⡅⢰⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⠆⠸⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡀⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠸⣟⣿⢣⡿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢃⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢁⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣐⢦⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠶⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡖⠉⠁⠀⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⠤⠴⠿⠟⠛⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠉⠁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠋⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠶⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠶⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⢷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⣀⣀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡏⣉⣽⡟⣧⢻⣾⠀⠀⠀⢶⡀⠀⣉⣀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠙⠓⠛⠟⠹⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠉⠉
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠿⠿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠸⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣥⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣥⣦⡈⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣀⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣦⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⢶⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡶⠈⠁⠈⠉⣙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⡤⠴⠿⠿⠛⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠰⠀⠒⠚⠉⠀⢿⣿⣿⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡋⠉⠩⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠘⠿⠙⠛⠛⢉⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣁⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣷⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⡄⣴⠆⠀⠀⠀⠇⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⠄⠴⠆⢸⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢹⣜⢷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡏⣙⣽⡟⣧⢻⡾⢳⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠉⠙⠓⠛⠟⠙⢻⡇⠀⢘⠛⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡃⠀⣰⣾⠀⠀⠰
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⣿⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢁⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣦⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣄⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢠⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡾⠉⠉⠉⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣭⣉⣉⡉⠉⠛⢶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⠴⠿⠿⠟⠛
⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠴⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢛⠁⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠛⠉⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡄⠀⠀⠀⡶⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡄⠀⠀⠀⠶⠶⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠗⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⢸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣤⢰⣶
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡏⣙⣽⡟⣧⣿⡞⠰⠒⠃⠀⡄⠶⠸⣛
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠉⠙⠳⢻⡿⠁⠰⠶⠂⠀⠆⠉⠈⠁
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⠀⢠⣴⡆⠀⢠⠴⠶⣐
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠙⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢧⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡯⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢉⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠻⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⢤⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡖⠉⠁⠈⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣭⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⡴⠿⠿⠿⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠔⠀⠒⠊⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢠⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠇⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠃⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠗⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣤⢠⡄⠸
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣙⣽⡟⣧⢿⡾⠀⠀⢨⡇⠶⠰⠆⢐
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠗⢫⣾⡖⠀⠀⠐⠃⠛⠈⠃⠐
⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⡁⣥⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠘⠓⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡀⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣥⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡶⠉⠉⠈⠉⣙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣭⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠚⠉⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠉⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⠰⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡅⠀⠀⠀⢰⠆⠰⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣇⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠈⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⣉⣽⣟⣧⢸⢸⡇⣭⡅⣭⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣙⣧⠟⠸⠸⠧⠶⠂⠲⠀⡀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣁⠂⠀⣀⣤⣦⣶⣤⣄⣀⣠⣀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡃⣉⣉⢈⣥⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠟⠀⠀⠛⠛⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣉⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢧⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢃⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣦⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠶⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢠⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡶⠉⠉⠈⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⠿⠿⠿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠴⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⢿⣿⡿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣌⠛⠿⠛⠉⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠿⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣤⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢀⣭⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠐⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⣙⣽⠛⣷⢻⣿⣛⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣉
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠙⠂⣿⢸⠽⢭⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠛⢭
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣄⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠈⢻⢈⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⠀⠀⡿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠛⠋⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⣉⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠛⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⢶⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢠⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡖⠉⠀⠈⠉⡛⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠔⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠐⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉
⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⠿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⢸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣻⣽⡿⣷⠇⣾⠀⠀⠀⢀⢚⠢⠇⢐
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢻⢛⣻⢻⡇⠻⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⣟⡅⠸
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣈⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠔⠈⠖⠀
⢀⣠⢀⠀⡀⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⡿⠿⠟⠓⠒⠓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠋⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⡿⣿⢸⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢸⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣥⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣦⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣾⣿⣿⡿⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⠁⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⠟⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠶⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢰⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡷⠉⠁⠈⠉⣙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⢶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠚⠉⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀
⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣘⠿⠙⠛⠛⢉⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣷
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢸⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠗⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣹⣽⢛⣧⢳⣶⠀⠤⢦⣾⠀⠤⢐⣒
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠘⡟⠸⠋⠿⠹⠀⣔⡷⠆⠀⠭⠨⠷
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠋⠤⠐⠀⠀⠂
⣤⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣦⠶⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⡇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣍
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠖⠿⠷⢼⣧⠸⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢸⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣦⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⡿⠿⠿⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡶⠉⠉⠈⠉⡛⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⢶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠴⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠙⠛⠙⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠋⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⠛⠿⠛⠉⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠂⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠁⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⡉⣽⡛⣧⣶⣶⢆⠀⣀⠀⠤⠠⢔⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠛⠳⠋⣿⣿⠿⠀⣚⡊⣯⠨⠭⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⠭⣉⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤
⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣀⣀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠂⠉⠉⠉
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⣈⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣻⣿⣿⡟⣛⠛⢿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠸⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣷⣝⣓⣠⡙
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢃⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⡿⠟⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠻⠏⠿⠷⠀⢿⡿⠃⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣼⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣟⣓⣶⠶⠶⢴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⡖⠉⠁⠈⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠊⠁⠀⢿⣿⣿⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⢷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠗⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀
⠀⠰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⡉⣭⣝⣧⣶⣖⠂⣀⡀⡠⠄⢨⣾⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⡿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠻⣿⣿⡇⠹⠇⣶⣂⣛⠀⢸⣽⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡿⡋⠂⡈⠁⠩⠄⠀⠀⢀⣉⣀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠘⠁⠠⠤⠖⠒⠚⠘⠉⠉⠉
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣜⠶⢈⠙⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢃⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠻⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⠆⠂
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢁⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢳⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⠸⠋⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣡⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣼⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣶⣭⣭⣽⣟⣓⣲⠶⠶⢴⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡶⠉⠁⠈⠉⣙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⣶⣶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠚⠉⠀⢿⣿⣿⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇
⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣽⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆
⠀⠁⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣉⣭⡝⠧⠴⡖⢂⡀⢀⣤⢪⠁⠀⡇
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠏⠈⠁⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠉⠛⢰⣿⠿⠿⠷⡆⢐⣺⣿⠄⠀⡇
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠄⠘⠒⠘⠁⠉⠁⠀⠛⠁⠁⠀⡇
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠐⠀⡀⡤⠠⠄⠀⠒⠂⠁⠁⠀⡇
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢹⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠸⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢃⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣼⣷⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⠀⠄⠿⠿⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⣿⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢁⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡍⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣟⣓⣲⠶⠶⢴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⣈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡶⠉⠉⠈⠉⡛⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠔⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡟⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢇⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⠛⠿⠛⠉⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠗⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀
⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣉⣩⡝⠧⠴⢶⠒⠔⠄⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠋⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣐⢐⣶⢻⡿⠸⣿⣿⢿⠀⡇⠀⡂⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠭⠰⠒⠐⠃⠐⠿⠟⠛⠀⡇⠀⠁⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⢀⣀⢀⣠⣤⠤⠦⠐⠓⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⡀⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⢴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⣉⡈⡁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠸⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡖⠉⠀⠈⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣛⣃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣿⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢱⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣇⠿⣸⡻⠷⣽⡇⣿⡏⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⣉⣩⠝⣧⢴⣶⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠀⠉⠉⠛⠂⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢀⣒⠐⣿⣿⢿⠀⢸⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢻⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠨⠵⠀⣿⡿⠷⠀⢸⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣠⡤⠠⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡈⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢧⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣥⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⢴⣶⣦⣄⣀⣀⠉⠈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⡷⠈⠁⠈⠉⣙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠚⠉⠀⢿⣿⣿⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢵⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⠷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⢸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣉⣩⡝⣧⢸⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡿⢿⡟⠉⠙⠛⠻⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠉⢿⢿⡇⢸⠁⢒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣧⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣽⣿⠇⢸⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡈⢉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡁⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡯⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠉⠻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣶⣭⣭⣽⣟⣓⣲⠶⠶⢴⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡶⠉⠁⠈⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠴⠀⠒⠚⠁⠀⢿⣿⣷⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⠛⠿⠛⠉⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢵⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠂⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠠⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣿⢹⣜⢷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣉⣉⡟⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⠻⠿⠿⣷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠁⠙⡇⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡇⢨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡁⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⣈⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣙⢷⡍⢸⡟⢡⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠸⣟⣿⢣⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢃⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢉⡉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣸⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⣶⣭⣭⣽⣛⣓⣲⡶⠶⢶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⠿⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⡖⠉⠁⠀⠉⡙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠔⠀⠒⠊⠁⠀⢿⣿⣿⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣦⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢵⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢹⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠸⣷⣦⣤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢹⣜⢷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⢸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣉⡉⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠀⣿⣿
⢿⣿⣿⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠚⠊⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠸⣧⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
[29A⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⡈⢉⣉⡉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⡇⢸⣟⡉⢻⡟⠻⢰⡖⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⣤⣀⡈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣧⣸⣏⠀⣿⠃⠀⣬⢻⡆⠀⣘⢷⡍⢸⡟⢱⡿⣇⢸⣟⣷⠘⣶⠶⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠙⠛⠃⠀⠻⠾⠃⠸⡇⣾⢷⣿⣾⢿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣸⠆⢀⣶⢠⡄⢠⡄⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣋⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⡷⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣯⡅⣿⠹⠇⣼⣿⠀⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣈⣉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠘⠃⠛⠶⠿⠷⢼⣧⠼⣟⣿⢧⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⠉⣿⣹⡏⣿⢇⣶⢰⡆⣤⢤⡀⠀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠉⠘⠛⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡟⢠⣿⣽⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡏⣭⠁⢠⣿⣼⠇⣿⡉⣾⡟⢱⡖⣶⢰⡦⣤⢠⣤⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢁⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠘⠉⠛⠘⠷⠿⠀⠸⢧⣿⢹⣿⡁⣿⠉⣾⢷⡿⣸⡷⣟⢸⡧⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣥⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣧⣿⣳⡟⣿⡛⠀⢰⡖⣶⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⠁⠛⠛⠏⠿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⢹⣿⠃⣿⡉⠀⣾⣷⣶⢸⡷⠀⣾⠇⠀⣼⡏⢿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣦⣶⢠⡶⣄⢠⡄⣀⢀⣀⣉⠹⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣀⣈⣉⣁⣀⠙⠛⠋⠻⠷⠀⠿⠀⠀⢿⣰⡖⣾⢽⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢯⡭⣼⣧⣿⠈⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣶⣭⣭⣽⣟⣓⣲⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠙⠛⠁⠻⠞⠇⠿⠹⡏⢰⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⡷⠈⠁⠀⠉⣙⠇⣿⣿⡟⣿⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠒⠚⠉⠀⢿⣿⣿⢻⡾⡿⣼⠿⡿⣱⣮⣿⢹⣿⡏⣽⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣛⣼⣃⣳⡻⢏⣧⠻⡶⣼⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣎⠇⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢵⡎⡏⠿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠓⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣵⣧⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠄⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢹⣜⢷⣷⡞⣿⣶⣿⢫⣶⣿⢩⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠟⠉⠉⠉
⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣯⣛⣸⣏⠿⣸⡻⠷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⠸⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⠏⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠚⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⠉⠉⠛⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣾⣿⣿
⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⠁⠀⠀⢠⣿⠛⠻⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠐⠾⠿⠛⠓⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀
⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠌⣀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠸⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠋⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⢀⣀⠦⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 998
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 01.20.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_20/1/2022:_Linuxfx_11.1_WxDesktop_11.0.3_and_FreeIPMI_1.6.9_Released⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 12:02 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o ⚓ How_to_Seamlessly_Switch_to_Linux_from_Windows⠀⇛
Windows costs money. Linux is free. Every year, thousands
of people consider switching to Linux, but few make the
change permanent. It isn’t simply because of apps, games,
and a different file system.
It’s because they weren’t properly prepared for switching
operating systems. Moving to Linux isn’t difficult, but
it requires preparation. Get it wrong, and you’ll be
reinstalling – and putting up with – Windows all over
again. But get it right, and you’ll never look back.
Here’s everything you need to know about switching from
Windows to Linux without ever worrying about going back.
o ⚓ How_I_made_an_Acer_Aspire_laptop_useful_again_–_Manila_Bulletin⠀⇛
A few days ago, I decided to tinker with an old Acer
Aspire laptop in an attempt to make it useful again. It
was running a previous version of Xubuntu, a lightweight
Linux distribution, but nobody wantsed to use it because
it was too damn slow. I could just imagine how it fares
with Windows on it. I remember the time before I got my
hands on those Linux installation diskettes, when I get
frustrated with the way Windows crashes my desktop PC,
and it was not a pleasant experience. This Acer Aspire,
whilst it does not crash, it is too damn slow. Heck, my
Raspberry Pi 4 is even faster! (Maybe because it is
running Intel chips! Haha)
Anyway, I decided to get an internal SSD drive to replace
this uber-slow HDD. A 480GB Kingston SSD to replace a
500GB HDD is not much of a trade-off considering that it
is not intended to be the main workstation (we have Macs
for those). All it took was opening the bottom cover and
replacing the HDD (I found out that there is still an
empty memory slot, so that is the next upgrade, I guess).
Next step was to decide which Linux distribution to
install. I have read good reviews of Pop!_OS, Elementary
OS and Zorin OS, and, of course, Ubuntu is still on my
short list. Heck, I even thought of using the PC desktop
version of Raspberry Pi OS! So I did download the
installers for these distributions, with the exception of
Elementary OS, which was taking too long to download,
even on my 300Mbps connection!
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Why_Linux_is_Superior_OS_for_College_Students_–_Linux_notes
from_DarkDuck⠀⇛
The dilemma among college students about which is
the superior OS among Linux, Windows or Mac is
inevitable. On one hand, it’s about ease of usage,
on the other – cost and security. We have used all
of them to provide you with a detailed solution as
to why Linux is as superior of an OS for college
students.
# ⚓ How_North_Dakota_Is_More_Like_Windows_than_UNIX⠀⇛
If your official name is YATES, you can’t (and
presumably needn’t) file a petition to change it to
Yates. “Petitioners have offered no authority or
reasoned argument that there is any legal
significance to the capitalization of their names.”
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Original_Author_of_NGINX_Has_Chosen_to_Step_Back_from
the_Company⠀⇛
Igor Sysoev, the author of the most popular web
server in the world, left the company to work on
personal projects and spend more time with family
and friends.
# ⚓ Mirantis_brings_secure_registries_to_Kubernetes_distros_|
ZDNet⠀⇛
Mirantis Secure Registry, formerly Docker Trusted
Registry, provides an enterprise-grade container
registry solution. You can use this as a foundation
to build a secure software supply chain. It does
this by providing you with access to a container
image registry that has enhanced levels of security
beyond that of public registries. This, in turn,
gives you more control over this critical part of
their software supply chain.
The comprehensive, built-in security enables users
to verify and trust the automated operations and
integration with Continuous Integration/Continuous
Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines to speed up application
testing and delivery.
You can use MSR alongside your other apps in any
standard Kubernetes 1.20 and above distribution,
via standard Helm techniques. While the new MSR is
no longer integrated with Mirantis Kubernetes
Engine (MKE) as it was earlier, it still runs as
well as ever on MKE as it does with any other
supported Kubernetes distribution.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_939⠀⇛
Joel aint got no time for outlook! He is too busy
working jenkins.
# ⚓ Going_Linux_#417_·_A_Tribute_To_Tom⠀⇛
We remember former co-host, Tom with a re-broadcast
of Tom at his best in episode 180, Listener
Feedback and an interview with Jonathan Nadeau.
# ⚓ FLOSS_Weekly_664:_Tailscale_–_Avery_Pennarun,_VPN⠀⇛
Avery Pennarun of Tailscale and much more, blows
the minds of Doc Searls and Aaron Newcomb on a
can’t-miss show that explains how the best
development is all “chickens and eggs.” Pennarun
explains thatfree software and open source is the
gifting nature of the former, and how startups
succeed and fail at crossing chasms. All while
touching on so much more that we now have a Part 2
of the discussion planned.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ VSTATUS,_with_or_without_SIGINFO_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
The Unix signal interface is complex and hard to
work with; some developers have argued that its
design is “unfixable”. So when Walt Drummond
proposed increasing the number of signals that
Linux systems could manage, eyebrows could be
observed at increased altitude across the Internet.
The proposed increase seems unlikely to happen, but
the underlying goal — to support a decades-old
feature from other operating systems — may yet
become a reality.
The kernel is able to support up to 64 different
signal types, which seems like a fair number, but
all 64 are taken, on some architectures at least.
That makes it impossible to add new signal types to
Linux. Drummond sought to address that problem by
raising the limit to 1024, which would surely be
enough for all time. Raising the limit requires
making some subtle changes to the user-space API
(putting a larger signal mask into the information
passed to realtime signal handlers, for example)
that have the possibility of breaking applications,
which means that extra scrutiny would be required.
But that, it seems, is what would be needed to be
able to add more signals.
# ⚓ Fixing_a_corner_case_in_asymmetric_CPU_packing_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
Linux supports processor architectures where CPUs
in the same system might have different processing
capacities; for example, the Arm big.LITTLE systems
combine fast, power-hungry CPUs with slower, more
efficient ones. Linux has also run for years on
simultaneous multithreading (SMT) architectures,
where one CPU executes multiple independent
execution threads and is seen as if it were
multiple cores. There are architectures that mix
both approaches. A recent discussion on a patch set
submitted by Ricardo Neri shows that, on these
systems, the scheduler might distribute tasks in an
inefficient way.
# ⚓ Some_5.16_kernel_development_statistics⠀⇛
The 5.16 kernel was released on January 9, as
expected. This development cycle incorporated
14,190 changesets from 1,988 developers; it was
thus quite a bit busier than its predecessor, and
fairly typical for recent kernel releases in
general. A new release means that the time has come
to have a look at where those changes came from.
The 1,998 developers contributing to 5.16 was the
second-highest number ever, with only 5.13 (with
2,062 developers) being higher. This time around,
296 developers contributed their first change to
the kernel, which is at the high end of the typical
range.
# ⚓ F2FS_With_Linux_5.17_Makes_Some_Performance_Improvements_–
Phoronix⠀⇛
F2FS as the Flash-Friendly File-System may not see
too much use out of desktop Linux distributions at
least as it concerns any easy/semi-endorsed root
install option, but this file-system does continue
maturing and seeing much use by enthusiasts and
especially among the plethora of Android devices
now supporting this flash-optimized file-system.
With Linux 5.17, F2FS has some performance
improvements and other fixes.
F2FS lead developer and maintainer Jaegeuk Kim sent
in the Flash-Friendly File-System updates on
Tuesday. This cycle there is work for addressing
performance issues in the checkpoint and direct I/
O code. There is also improvements to the page
cache management code used as part of the file-
system compression support.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ 10_Fun_Linux_Command-Line_Programs_You_Should_Try_When
Bored⠀⇛
The Linux terminal is a powerful utility. You can
use it to control the whole system, crafting and
typing commands as you go about doing your everyday
tasks. But it can quickly become overwhelming to
keep staring at a command line and carry on with
your work.
Lucky for you, the terminal is also a source of
fun. You can play around with commands, listen to
music, and even play games. Although expecting a
great deal of entertainment from a window full of
commands would be carrying it too far, you can find
utilities to bind some time when bored.
Here are some fun and entertaining commands every
Linux user should try at least once.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ CPU_Isolation_–_A_practical_example_–_by_SUSE_Labs_(part
5)⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_install_Mantis_bug_tracker_on_Debian_11?⠀⇛
Hello friends. In this post, you will learn how to
install Mantis Bug Tracker on Debian 11.
# ⚓ How_to_try_KDE_Plasma_5.24_Beta_on_Fedora_Kinoite⠀⇛
On a classic Fedora system or on other
disctributions you can try it with the repos listed
on the KDE Wiki. Here is how to safely try it on
Fedora Kinoite, using the packages for Fedora 35
made by Marc Deop, a member of the Fedora KDE SIG.
The latest version of KDE Plasma is usually
available in Fedora Rawhide (unfortunately not
available right now) however rebasing the entire
system to a development version involves a lot of
uncertainty. Thus it is much safer to change only
the KDE Plasma packages and frameworks while
keeping a stable system as a base.
As always, make sure to backup your data before
trying out beta software that could result in the
loss of your personal cat picture collection.
# ⚓ How_to_install_Proton_Bus_Simulator_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
Today we are looking at how to install Proton Bus
Simulator on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/
audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the
process step by step and use the commands below.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Configure_Memcached_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛
In this guide we will learn how to install and
configure Memcached in Ubuntu 20.04.
Memcached is an open source, distributed memory
object caching system. The system caches data and
objects in memory to minimize the frequency with
which an external database or API must be accessed.
This alleviates database load and speeds up dynamic
Web applications. It offers a mature, scalable,
open-source solution for delivering sub-millisecond
response times making it useful as a cache or
session store. Memcached is a popular choice for
powering real-time applications in Web, Mobile
Apps, Gaming, Ad-Tech, and E-Commerce.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Papirus_Icon_Theme_on_Ubuntu_–_OMG!
Ubuntu!⠀⇛
Changing the icon theme on Ubuntu is an easy way to
give your desktop a new look and feel. In this post
we show you how to install Papirus icons on Ubuntu
from a PPA.
Why use the Papirus icon set? Because it’s good —
in fact, it’s one of the best icon themes for
Ubuntu not to mention other Linux distros like
Linux Mint, Zorin OS, and Manjaro. Thousands of
users use this set, and several Linux distributions
ship it as their default.
# ⚓ Joerg_Jaspert:_Funny_CPU_usage⠀⇛
So at work we do have a munin server running, and
one of the graphs we do for every system is a
network statistics one with a resolution of 1
second. That’s a simple enough script to have, and
it is working nicely – on 98% of our machines. You
just don’t notice the data gatherer at all, so that
we also have some other graphs done with a 1 second
resolution. For some, this really helps.
o § Distributions⠀➾
# § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ Linuxfx_11.1_WxDesktop_11.0.3⠀⇛
It is with great pleasure that we announce
the release of Linuxfx version 11.1.1103.
This update releases several new features for
the operating system. The system kernel has
been updated to version 5.13, bringing better
support for more modern hardware. System
tools gained new translations: French,
German, Italian, Japanese, Chinese, Spanish,
American and Portuguese is now supported for
WxDesktop. Android support has been improved,
now in addition to supporting opengl, we also
release support for Vulkan (experimental).
Finally, all system packages have been
updated, including WxDesktop, Onlyoffice and
many others. The image has been scaled down
to fit on a DVD. Users of older versions will
receive this update over the internet. New
users can download the new image from our
portal.
# § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾
# ⚓ Deepin_20.4⠀⇛
Today we are looking at Deepin 20.4. It comes
with Linux Kernel 5.10 and uses about 1.5GB
of ram when idling. Enjoy!
# ⚓ Deepin_20.4_Run_Through_–_Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, we are looking at Deepin 20.4.
# § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ SUSE_Liberty_Linux_Announced_For_Mixed_Linux
Environments⠀⇛
SUSE today formally announced SUSE Liberty
Linux as its support offering for mixed Linux
environments within enterprises.
SUSE Liberty Linux is their effort to
simplify IT management and acknowledging that
many organizations rely upon multiple
enterprise Linux distributions depending upon
the workload, hardware, and other factors.
# ⚓ The_Success_of_‘Open-hearted’_Partnerships_in_the
Cloud_|_SUSE_Communities⠀⇛
The future is open — and it’s better
together. At SUSE, we pride ourselves on our
partnerships, and sometimes what we can
achieve together surpasses even our greatest
hopes. That’s what our award-winning, cloud-
based, high-performance computing (HPC)
partnership with UberCloud, Dassault
Systèmes, and Google Cloud achieved, by
enabling 3DT Holdings researchers to create
an affordable, real-time heart surgery
simulator for physicians to use when it
matters most. This is an ongoing relationship
with the Living Heart Project that we think
is just the beginning of what this ground-
breaking research can achieve — and the lives
it can save.
# § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾
# ⚓ Relocating_Fedora’s_RPM_database_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
The deadlines for various kinds of Fedora 36
change proposals have mostly passed at this
point, which led to something of a flurry of
postings to the distribution’s devel mailing
list over the last month. One of those, for a
seemingly fairly innocuous relocation of the
RPM database from /var to /usr, came in right
at the buzzer for system-wide changes on
December 29. There were, of course, other
things going on around that time, holidays,
vacations, and so forth, so the discussion
was relatively muted until recently.
Proponents have a number of reasons why they
would like to see the move, but there is
resistance, as well, that is due, at least in
part, to the longstanding “tradition” of the
location for the database.
# § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ New_Linux_Kernel_Vulnerability_Patched_in_All
Supported_Ubuntu_Systems,_Update_Now⠀⇛
Discovered by William Liu and Jamie Hill-
Daniel, the new security flaw (CVE-2022-0185)
is an integer underflow vulnerability found
in Linux kernel’s file system context
functionality, which could allow an attacker
to crash the system or run programs as an
administrator.
The security vulnerability affects all
supported Ubuntu releases, including Ubuntu
21.10 (Impish Indri) systems running Linux
kernel 5.13, Ubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo)
systems running Linux kernel 5.11, as well as
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) and Ubuntu
18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) systems running
Linux kernel 5.4 LTS.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ i.MX8M_Plus_SMARC_module_supplies_dual_GbE_and_TSN⠀⇛
Embedian’s “SMARC-iMX8MP” module runs Linux or
Android on the NPU-equipped i.MX8M Plus and an
optional eval board with up to 6GB LPDDR4, 16GB
eMMC, dual GbE (1x with TSN), CAN-FD, MIPI-DSI/CSI,
PCIe Gen3, and -45 to 85°C support.
Embedian’s new SMARC-iMX8MP follows its similarly
82 x 50mm, SMARC 2.0 compatible SMARC-iMX8M from
2019, and offers the i.MX8M Plus instead of the
i.MX8M. The SMARC-iMX8MP follows other i.MX8M Plus
modules such as Congatec’s Conga-SMX8-Plus,
Adlink’s LEC-IMX8MP, Avnet MSC SM2S-IMX8PLUS, and
iWave’s i.MX 8M Plus SMARC SOM (iW-RainboW-G40M).
# § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Supplino_is_a_variable_benchtop_power_supply_that_you
can_build_yourself_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛
Working with electronics requires access to
stable power in a variety of voltages. Some
components require 3.3V and others require
5V. Still others need 9V or 12V — there are
many possibilities. You could keep a variety
of wall warts on hand, but a variable
benchtop power supply is a more convenient
option. Supplino is one choice and this guide
from Giovanni Bernardo and Paolo Loberto will
walk you through how to build one.
Supplino can accept anything from 4 to 40
volts and can output anything from 1.25 to 36
volts, with a maximum of 5A. An XH-M401
module with an XL4016E1 DC-DC buck converter
handles the voltage regulation. Technically,
you could use that alone to power your
components. But the addition of an Arduino
Nano board (or Nano Every) makes the
experience far friendlier. It monitors the
power supply output and drives a 1.8″ 128×160
TFT LCD screen, which displays the present
voltage, amperage, and wattage.
# § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Before_becoming_Google’s_mobile_OS,_Android_was
developed_for_what_kind_of_device?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Brave_vs._DuckDuckGo:_Which_Is_the_Best_Privacy
Browser_for_Android?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Moto_Tab_G70_LTE_11-inch_Android_11_tablet_launched
in_India_–_Android_Community⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_12′s_best_feature_is_coming_to_Xiaomi_phones
|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛
# ⚓ Here’s_what_C-Band_5G_is,_and_what_Android_phones_can
use_it_–_9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ Paranoid_Android_Sapphire_Alpha_2_welcomes_the
OnePlus_8T_to_the_fray⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_can_now_send_links_to_Oculus_Quest_2_VR
headset_–_9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ Google’s_digital_wellbeing_rival_to_Apple_will_soon
be_out_|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_user?_Delete_or_disable_apps_on_your_device;
know_how_to⠀⇛
o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
# ⚓ How_to_build_a_career_in_open_source_in_2022⠀⇛
The “Free” in FOSS has always been seen as “free of
cost”, in turn being interpreted as of low quality
and reliability. However, governments are realising
that this is not the case, and are beginning to
appreciate the “freedom” that comes with FOSS, in
terms of source code availability, ease of
modification, etc., she added.
Open source has made huge inroads in networking
(54%), database (53%), and security (52%). The open
source services market comprises consulting
services, implementation, support, maintenance and
management services, and training services.
The consulting service accounts for the largest
share as many players are devising strategies to
create awareness about Linux and other open-source
operating systems for the developers,
ResearchAndMarkets.com said.
“The government has rolled out policies on open
source software, aimed at quick open source
adoption, lower cost of ownership of software
projects, and long term, strategic control of e-
governance solutions within India. The Ministry of
Communication and IT rolled out Policy on Adoption
of Open Source Software for Government of India,
Policy on Collaborative Application Development by
Opening the Source Code of Government Applications,
and Policy on Open Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs),” Jaya said.
# § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾
# ⚓ MongoDB_vs._DynamoDB:_What_you_need_to_know⠀⇛
NoSQL databases have become more popular
because of the need for more flexible backend
solutions. These databases run applications
that require a more flexible data structure
than traditional structured databases can
provide. Robust feature-rich NoSQL database
platforms famous for NoSQL databases include
MongoDB and DynamoDB.
This article guide will compare these two
databases to help you choose the right one
for your project.
# § FSF⠀➾
# ⚓ New_year,_new_LibrePlanet:_Register_now_to_join_us_on
March_19_and_20⠀⇛
Over a thousand people participated online in
the conference last year. Free software
enthusiasts from around the world joined us
in our live sessions. You can watch videos
from the March 2021 conference — using only
free software of course — on our MediaGoblin
instance or on PeerTube. Also, you can now
pre-order this year’s full-color LibrePlanet
T-shirt in the FSF shop. If you order yours
before the March 1, 2022, cutoff date, you
will be able to wear it to the event.
# ⚓ LibrePlanet_2022:_Living_Liberation⠀⇛
LibrePlanet is the annual conference hosted
by the Free Software Foundation. LibrePlanet
provides an opportunity for community
activists, domain experts, and people seeking
solutions for themselves to come together in
order to discuss current issues in technology
and ethics.
# § GNU Projects⠀➾
# ⚓ GNU_FreeIPMI_–_News:_FreeIPMI_1.6.9_Released_
[Savannah]⠀⇛
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/freeipmi/
freeipmi-1.6.9.tar.gz
o Support –with-systemconfigdir build
option.
o Fix build issue on musl where putmsg/
getmsg are not available.
o Fix build issue when inb/outb are not
available on some systems.
o Fix static build issues with gcrypt.
o Add conserver documentation in faq.
o Minor documentation updates.
# § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ 12_Free_University_Courses_That_Will_Teach_You_How_To
Code⠀⇛
University education can get expensive. Or
perhaps you’re contemplating switching
careers but don’t want to spend 3 years back
in school. You don’t need a degree to get
into programming.
# § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ An_outdated_Python_for_openSUSE_Leap_
[LWN.net]⠀⇛
Enterprise distributions are famous for
maintaining the same versions of
software throughout their, normally
five-year-plus, support windows. But
many of the projects those
distributions are based on have far
shorter support periods; part of what
the enterprise distributions sell is
patching over those mismatches. But
openSUSE Leap is not exactly an
enterprise distribution, so some users
are chafing under the restrictions that
come from Leap being based on SUSE
Enterprise Linux (SLE). In particular,
shipping Python 3.6, which reached its
end of life at the end of 2021, is seen
as problematic for the upcoming Leap
15.4 release.
[...]
OpenSUSE and SLE have generally been
aligned over the years. In 2020, Leap
and SLE grew even closer together. The
build system and repositories between
the two were shared starting with Leap
15.2, which corresponded to the second
“service pack” (SP) of SLE (i.e. SLE
15-SP2). In 2021, with Leap 15.3 and
SLE 15-SP3, the two distributions
effectively merged, such that all of
the base packages were shared between
the two. To a first approximation, Leap
is an openSUSE-branded version of SLE,
much like what CentOS used to be for
Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
# ⚓ Make_Your_Python_CLI_Tools_Pop_With_Rich_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
It seems as though more and more of the
simple command-line tools and small
scripts that used to be bash or small c
programs are slowly turning into python
programs. Of course, we will just have
to wait and see if this ultimately
turns out to be a good idea. But in the
meantime, next time you’re revamping or
writing a new tool, why not spice it up
with Rich?
o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾
# ⚓ WiFi_7_(802.11be)_will_support_up_to_40_Gbps_links,_real-
time_applications_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛
I still don’t own a WiFi 6 router, but MediaTek has
already started to demonstrate WiFi 7 (802.11be) to
customers with solutions based on upcoming Filogic
802.11be processors which deliver “super-fast
speeds and low latency transmission” and provide a
“true wireline/Ethernet replacement for super high-
bandwidth applications”.
The company goes on to explain that Wi-Fi 7 relies
on the same 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz frequencies as
WiFi 6/6E, but can still provide 2.4x faster speeds
than Wi-Fi 6, even with the same number of
antennas, since WiFi 7 can utilize 320Mhz channels
and support 4K QAM (quadrature amplitude
modulation) technology.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Drill_Does_Well_In_Double_Duty_As_Well_Drilling_Drill_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
There are a large number of methods commercially used to
bore a hole into the ground for the sake of extracting
drinking water, and the all require big loud equipment.
But what if you just want a small well? Do you really
have to call in the big guns? [The Working Group on
Development Techniques] is a student association at the
University of Twente in the Netherlands who shows in the
video below the break that some simple homemade fixtures
and a powerful hand drill are quite enough to do the job!
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Extreme_Thermal_Mods_For_3D_Printing_Exotic_Materials_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
For general everyday use, there’s nothing wrong
with the standard selection of plastics that most
3D printer filaments are available in. PLA, ABS,
PETG — they’ve all got their place, and they’re all
pretty easy to work with. But if you need to work
with more exotic materials, you might need to go to
extremes and modify an off-the-shelf printer for
high-temperature work.
For the team led by [Andreas Hagerup Birkelid] at
the Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
the standard menu of printer chow wasn’t up to the
jobs they had in mind. They wanted to print using
polyether ether ketone, or PEEK, a high-performance
thermoplastic with useful mechanical and thermal
properties, in addition to chemical resistance.
Trouble is, the melting point of PEEK is a whopping
343°C (649°F), making it necessary to turn up the
heat — a lot. A standard Creality CR-10 printer was
upgraded to withstand not only the 500°C max
temperature of the new hot end and 200° printed
bed, but also to survive operating in what amounts
to an oven — a balmy 135° in a chamber made from
IKEA cabinets. That entailed replacing plastic
parts with metal ones, upgrading belts, pulleys,
and wires, and moving all the electronics outside
the enclosure. Even the steppers got special
treatment, with water cooling to keep their magnets
from reaching the Curie point.
# ⚓ Trying_Out_The_Revopoint_POP_3D_Portable_Scanner_–_The_DIY
Life⠀⇛
Today I’m going to be unboxing and trying out the
POP 3D portable scanner, which Revopoint have sent
to me to share with you. This is a handheld 3D
scanner that Revopoint say can scan with an
accuracy of within 0.3mm using dual infrared
sensors and an RGB camera. The addition of the RGB
camera means that you can capture RGB colour
information for each data point and render full-
colour 3D models.
# ⚓ Monowheel_Mayhem:_When_Good_Gyroscopic_Precession_Goes_Bad
|_Hackaday⠀⇛
Since the dawn of the age of the automobile,
motorheads have been obsessed with using as few
wheels as possible. Not satisfied with the prospect
of being incompletely maimed by a motorcycle, the
monocycle was born. Gracing the covers of Popular
magazines and other periodicals, these futuristic
wheels of doom have transfixed hackers of all
kinds. [James Bruton] is one such hacker, and in
the video below the break you can see his second
iteration of a 3d printed monowheel.
[James]’ wonderful monowheel is beautifully
engineered. Bearing surfaces, gears, idlers,
motors, and yes, twin gyroscopes are all contained
within the circumference of the tire. The
gyroscopes are actuated by a rather large servo,
and are tied together by a gear that keeps their
positions in sync. Their job is to keep the
monowheel balanced at all times.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Zoho_Releases_Security_Advisory_for
ManageEngine_Desktop_Central_and_Desktop_Central
MSP_|_CISA⠀⇛
Zoho has released a security advisory
to address an authentication bypass
vulnerability (CVE-2021-44757) in
ManageEngine Desktop Central and
Desktop Central MSP. An attacker could
exploit this vulnerability to take
control of an affected system.
# ⚓ The_White_House_Is_Worried_About_Open_Source
Software_Security [Ed: Relying on corporations
that embed_back_doors_for_the_NSA is better?]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Open_Source_Security_at_the_White_House_–_The
New_Stack⠀⇛
There’s no question that open source
security and supply chain security has
become top of mind issues in the
aftermath of the Apache Log4j security
problem quartet and the SolarWinds
security fiasco. But so important that
the White House would call a meeting
with open source foundations and
company officials? Yes, it’s that
important.
The meeting was led by White House
cybersecurity leader Anne Neuberger.
Executives and officials from
organizations like the Apache Software
Foundation (ASF) and the Linux
Foundation and executives from Apple,
Amazon, Google, IBM, Microsoft, and
Oracle. Government agencies such as the
Department of Defense and the
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure
Security Agency (CISA) were also
represented.
# ⚓ VirusTotal_Hacking:_Finding_stolen_credentials
hosted_on_VirusTotal_–_Help_Net_Security⠀⇛
VirusTotal, the popular online service
for analyzing suspicious files, URLs
and IP addresses, can be used to
collect credentials stolen by malware,
researchers at SafeBreach have found.
In fact, with a €600 VirusTotal
license, they have managed to collect
more than 1,000,000 credentials just by
executing simple searches with a few
tools.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Privacy_Is_Power_|_Foreign_Affairs⠀⇛
How Tech Policy Can Bolster
Democracy
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ How_Klaus_Schwab_Built_a_Billionaire_Circus_at_Davos_|
Vanity_Fair⠀⇛
Klaus Schwab, the ringmaster of festivities at the
World Economic Forum in Davos, has been known to
tell underlings that he anticipates one day
receiving a Nobel Peace Prize.
In a surprise to no one else, Oslo has yet to ring.
Schwab’s greatest accomplishment is decidedly
entrepreneurial. He has developed the Forum from an
earnest meeting of policy wonks into a glittering
assembly of the world’s richest people. He has
achieved this by ingratiating himself with those
who wield power, and especially the billionaire
class—a tribe known as Davos Man. Schwab has
constructed a refuge for the outlandishly wealthy,
an exclusive zone where they are free to pursue
deals and sundry shenanigans while enjoying the
cover of participating in a virtuous undertaking.
Their mere presence in Davos at the Forum signals
their empathy and sensitivity.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ Finding_Better_Alternatives_–_Purism⠀⇛
Rethinking Everything
The past two years have been really disruptive to
society as a whole. This disruption has caused
people to take a fresh look at past choices. We are
all making big changes. We are re-evaluating our
values. We rethinking just about everything. What
is truly important? Where and how do we live and
work? How do we spend our time? We all have had to
find multiple options that could work better for us
in our context.
Looking more broadly, these times have urged
humanity to look beyond conventional options.
Scientists looked at alternatives to the
traditional vaccine to mass-produce, thanks to
innovative bio-technology. Business leaders have
had to look beyond mass-layoffs to renegotiate
fixed wages and work. Humankind discovered the
power of pandemic pods, micro-offices and tele-
health. Finding alternatives has been the common
thread.
Providing Alternatives to Big Tech and Traditional
Capitalism
At Purism, we are continuing to grown and build a
sustainable future. We are grateful to win the
support of millions. Purism started as a Social
Purpose Corporation (SPC) in 2014. “When I started
Purism, I wanted to avoid toxic investment; I
didn’t want to focus entirely on shareholder
value.” says Founder, Todd Weaver.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Manager’s_Amendment_Shows_AICOA_Not_Ready_for_Prime_Time_–
Disruptive_Competition_Project⠀⇛
Ahead of tomorrow’s scheduled markup of the
American Innovation and Choice Online Act (AICOA)
(S. 2992), a controversial bill to refashion U.S.
digital markets in a more European mold, the bill’s
sponsors have offered a proposed “manager’s
amendment”. The proposed amendment acknowledges the
key weaknesses in the bill, but does not
meaningfully address them.
The scattershot nature of the manager’s amendment
underscores that the bill is not ready for prime
time. The amendment leaves the bill even more
overreaching in its breadth and scope than the
underlying text. Rather than reform S. 2992, the
manager’s amendment introduces ambiguity,
imprecision, and potentially pulls other U.S.
companies in scope.
Broadly speaking, the most serious criticism of the
bill has pertained to economic and national
security, privacy and user security, forced
interoperability with business users and other
competitors, and the bill’s limitation on covered
platforms to enforce their terms of service and
moderate content. All of these concerns will
ultimately hurt consumers.
o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
# ⚓ Roasting_the_Consumer_Electronics_Show’s_‘Worst’_Products_–
The_New_Stack⠀⇛
The event’s host was activist/blogger/science
fiction author Cory Doctorow, who promised the
presentation would highlight “the hidden or maybe
not-so-hidden and completely foreseeable failure
modes of these gadgets — and what they say about
the state of the industry today.”
[...]
Byrne points out that Deere’s tractor was also the
winner of an online poll for “worst in show.” And
then Doctorow quipped dryly that “Last year John
Deere took top honors in our Worst in Show. It’s
good to see them back again with another strong
showing in the Dystopia-Watch category here.”
But he added on a more hopeful note, “It’s nice to
see that the broad public is getting the message,
that allowing one giant, union-busting profit-
taking, rapacious, ag-tech company to corner the
market on how we get our food — and then just
turning them loose to do whatever they want with
the machines that are necessary — is probably not
the path we need to a better future.”
Deere’s tractor led Doctorow to reiterate what he
sees as another important principle for autonomous
technology: that the person using a device should
always be able to override a machine’s pre-
programmed instructions. “There’s so much
paternalism that says, ‘Well, what if you make a
foolish decision with your autonomous car?’”
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2202
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 01.20.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_20/1/2022:_McKinsey_Openwashing_and_Stable_Kernels⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 11:42 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ BSDNow_438:_Toolchain_Adventures⠀⇛
FreeBSD Foundation reviews 2021 activities,
DragonflyBSD 6.2.1 is here, Lumina Desktop 1.6.2
available, toolchain adventures, The OpenBSD BASED
Challenge Day 7, Bastille Template: AdGuard Home,
setting up ZSH on FreeBSD and more.
# ⚓ Interview_in_Destination_Linux⠀⇛
I was recently interviewed for episode 261 of
Destination Linux, and it was a blast!
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux_5.16.2⠀⇛
I'm announcing the release of the 5.16.2 kernel.
All users of the 5.16 kernel series must upgrade.
The updated 5.16.y git tree can be found at:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/
stable/linux-stable.git linux-5.16.y
and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web
browser:
https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/
linux-s...
thanks,
greg k-h
# ⚓ Linux_5.15.16⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux_5.10.93⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux_5.4.173⠀⇛
# ⚓ Intel’s_Unaccepted_Memory_Support_Updated_For_Substantially
Faster_Booting_Of_TDX_VMs_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
Way back in August Intel posted a set of Linux
kernel patches for supporting “unaccepted memory”
by the Linux kernel in preparation for next-
generation Xeon processors and speeding up the boot
time for guest virtual machines making use of
Intel’s Trust Domain Extensions (TDX) security
feature. Unaccepted memory support hasn’t yet made
it to the mainline kernel but now a second
iteration of the patches have been posted.
UEFI 2.9 introduces the concept of memory
acceptance and unaccepted memory. This makes it so
guests need to “accept” memory before it can be
allocated/used within the guest’s environment while
the actual acceptance handling is depending upon
the VM hypervisor. This memory acceptance is
important for Intel TDX and AMD SEV-SNP to avoid
the expensive memory acceptance at boot time for
new VMs and to instead make it on-demand / as-
needed. It’s also possible to be a security benefit
in its own right by keeping the memory unaccepted
until it’s actually going to be used.
# ⚓ Linux_5.17_Making_It_Easier_To_Build_A_Kernel_With_All_The
Shiny_Debug_Features_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
Over the years the Linux kernel has picked up many
different sanitizers, memory leak detectors, and
other features for helping to diagnose and address
deficiencies in the kernel. However, all of these
debugging-optimized features aren’t centrally
located that can make it difficult for system
administrators and developers to spot these
numerous features when configuring a kernel build
manually. Now with Linux 5.17 that is changing.
What is being done for Linux 5.17 is introducing
debug.config as a default kernel build
configuration that is optimized for debugging. The
debug.config will enable by default various
features like the Kernel Address Sanitizer,
Undefined Behavior Sanitizer, KMemLeak, and many
other kernel features added over time meant to
assist in debugging or tracking down of kernel
problems. Thus with one command there is an
officially recommended kernel configuration with
the many different debugging features enabled.
# ⚓ AMD_SMCA_Updates_Land_In_Linux_5.17_For_Future_CPUs_–
Phoronix⠀⇛
Last week I noted about EDAC changes in Linux 5.17
for future AMD CPUs. The “Error Detection and
Correction” work included AMD adding RDDR5 / LRDDR5
support to their driver and new CPU model IDs that
appear to be for Zen 4. Also working on next-gen
AMD processor support in Linux 5.17 are recent SMCA
changes.
Back in early December I wrote about AMD volleying
new SMCA driver changes for a new generation of AMD
processors. Those changes are interesting for their
Scalable Machine Check Architecture as it
introduces the notion of having possibly different
bank type layouts depending upon the logical CPU
core. Thus the preparations are being made — and
now merged in Linux 5.17 — for where the machine
check architecture bank types/layout are different
depending upon the particular CPU. The patches
don’t provide AMD’s reasoning for this change but
it’s possible for hybrid core designs or other
reasons.
# ⚓ Tracking_Linux_Stable_kernels_with_UEK⠀⇛
Oracle Linux’s kernel has been built from a Linux
Stable or Long Term Stable (LTS) release since its
inception, but in the last few years we’ve moved
even closer to the LTS model for the continuous
uptake and delivery of bug fixes. Closely tracking
LTS brings various advantages to Oracle Linux
customers including faster delivery of security
patches and close integration with upstream Linux.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Telnet_on_Linux_Systems⠀⇛
Remote access to other operating system
environments on an active network is not just a
thing of the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol. Telnet
achieves the same functionality through TCP/IP
protocol.
With Telnet, you not only get to establish
successful remote connections but also troubleshoot
and test the system services that define the remote
computing environment.
For instance, we could check if a particular port
is active/open/listening on the targeted remote
system. It is worth noting that Telnet utilizes
port 23 for its remote TCP connections.
# ⚓ Mount_Google_Drive_Locally_Using_Rclone_In_Linux_–
OSTechNix⠀⇛
This guide walks you through the steps to mount
Google drive locally using Rclone and then backup
files to google drive using Rclone in Linux
operating systems. This guide has been officially
tested on Manjaro Linux, but the steps are same for
all Linux and Unix distributions.
Before getting started, make sure you’ve installed
Rclone on your Linux machine. The following link
contains the Rclone installation steps for Linux
and Unix operating systems.
# ⚓ How_To_Install_Android_Studio_on_Fedora_35_–_idroot⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Android Studio on Fedora 35. For those of you who
didn’t know, Android Studio provides the fastest
tools for building apps on every type of Android
device and is currently the official Google Android
IDE. Android Studio offers world-class code
editing, performance tooling, debugging, a flexible
build system, and an instant build/deployment of
android applications thus helping accelerate the
build process. It is available for Windows, Linux,
macOS, and Chrome OS.
This article assumes you have at least basic
knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
most importantly, you host your site on your own
VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
you are running in the root account, if not you may
need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
privileges. I will show you through the step-by-
step installation of the Android Studio on a Fedora
35.
# ⚓ How_to_Upgrade_MySQL_on_Ubuntu_–_ThisHosting.Rocks⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we’ll show you how to upgrade/
update MySQL to a newer version. This tutorial was
written and tested for Ubuntu.
# ⚓ Grep_Search_in_all_Files_and_in_all_Directories⠀⇛
The versatile grep command lets you perform search
for a text in all the files and all the
subdirectories of a directory. Here’s how to do
that.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_MySQL_on_CentOS_(7,_8)_–_ThisHosting.Rocks⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we’re going to show you how to
install MySQL on CentOS. Step-by-step instructions
on how to configure and install MySQL.
Alternative recommended read: How to Install MySQL
on Ubuntu.
# ⚓ Install_the_Cryostat_Operator_on_Kubernetes_from
OperatorHub.io⠀⇛
Cryostat is a container-native JVM application that
provides a secure API for profiling and monitoring
containers with JDK Flight Recorder (JFR). Among
other features, Cryostat 2.0 introduced the
Cryostat Operator, which is now available as part
of the OperatorHub.io catalog. Using the Cryostat
Operator is an easy way to install Cryostat in your
existing Kubernetes environment. This article
guides you through the installation procedure.
# ⚓ How_to_back_your_open_source_project’s_stack_|
Opensource.com⠀⇛
We’ve seen several cases in recent years where
critical tools which are literally keeping the
internet and the world of technology running are
being maintained by a very small number of people,
at times as a hobby rather than their full-time
occupation. Sometimes this only comes to light when
those people decide that enough is enough and
either stop maintaining it or sell/transfer it to
another organization to support.
Tidelift recently reported that 46% of open source
maintainers are not paid. Only 26% earn more than
$1,000 from their maintenance work. The same survey
also reported that around half felt demotivated,
stressed, and undervalued because there was no
recognition for the “thankless work” involved in
maintaining these projects.
# ⚓ How_to_install_Node_Js_on_CentOS_8_Stream_–_NextGenTips⠀⇛
In today’s guide, I am going to take you through
the installation of node js on CentOS 8 Stream.
Node.js is an open-source cross-platform, backend
javascript runtime environment that runs on the V8
engine and executes javascript code outside of a
web browser.
A Node.js app runs in a single process, without
creating a new thread for every request. It
provides a set of asynchronous I/O primitives in
its standard library that prevent javascript code
from blocking and generally, libraries from node.js
are written using non-blocking paradigms, making
blocking behavior the exceptions rather than the
norm.
# ⚓ How_to_install_and_Configure_Kong_API_Gateway_in_Ubuntu
20.04⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to
install and configure Kong API Gateway. Also, we
are going to understand what Kong API gateway is,
what is an API?, have a looked at Kong API gateway
pricing, and lastly, how Kong API gateway works. So
let’s dive in.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ A_whole_bunch_of_games_just_got_Steam_Deck_Verified_|
GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Seems Valve has now properly started verifying
games ahead of the Steam Deck launch, with a bunch
of titles now verified ready to play so let’s take
a look. The list can be seen on SteamDB.
# ⚓ Reverse_Engineering_The_SEGA_Mega_Drive_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
With the widespread adoption of emulators, almost
anyone can start playing video games from bygone
eras. Some systems are even capable of supporting
homebrew games, with several having active
communities that are still creating new games even
decades later. This ease of programming for non-PC
platforms wasn’t always so easy, though. If you
wanted to develop games on a now-antique console
when it was still relatively new, you had to jump
through a lot of hoops. [Tore] shows us how it
would have been done with his Sega Mega Drive
development kit that he built from scratch.
# ⚓ Yu-Gi-Oh!_Master_Duel_is_out_on_Steam_and_runs_well_on
Linux_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Want to get into a new card game? Yu-Gi-Oh! Master
Duel just released on Steam from Konami Digital
Entertainment and the great news is that it works
out of the box with Steam Play Proton Experimental
on Linux.
A good thing too of course, as the more new
releases that work right away the better the
chances of more people using Linux – and it’s
always good news for the upcoming Steam Deck too.
Yu-Gi-Oh! Master Duel has already proven to be
massively popular, with it being #4 on Steam’s top
games by player count (a peak count of 164,465
playing!). Konami claim this is the “definitive
edition of the competitive card game that has been
evolving for over 20 years”.
# ⚓ Get_a_fresh_up_close_and_personal_look_at_the_Steam_Deck
with_Hellish_Quart_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Want a really close view on the Steam Deck in
action? Hellish Quart developer Kubold recently had
a Steam Deck devkit delivered so they took a video.
Can’t say I had heard of Hellish Quart until seeing
the video either. It’s a physics based, realistic,
3D sword duelling game set in the 17th century and
you know what? It looks like a huge amount of fun
actually! Not only that, it appears to now work
just fine with Steam Play Proton. The developer
mentioned they will be updating the game to have
controller glyphs for the moves list, which it will
need to get Verified properly and it’s something
that should benefit all gamepad players.
o § Distributions⠀➾
# § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ SUSE_announces_new_distro_for_those_who_miss_the_old
CentOS:_Liberty_Linux⠀⇛
Official details remain scant, but SUSE
Liberty Linux is a new member of the growing
tribe of CentOS Linux replacements. The new
distro is a SUSE rebuild of CentOS 8, aimed
at near-perfect RHEL 8 compatibility.
Since Red Hat killed off CentOS Linux and
replaced it with CentOS Stream, there’s been
renewed activity in the world of drop-in RHEL
replacements. Now a new entrant has joined
AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux, as SUSE enters the
fray with its own rebuild of Red Hat’s
freely-available source code.
# § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾
# ⚓ 6_ways_financial_services_leaders_can_enable
innovation_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛
Innovation is key to any organization’s
future success, but it’s especially true for
financial services organizations. So why
isn’t innovation happening faster? Is your
firm at risk of being left behind?
In the mid-2000s, I sat at a lunch-and-learn
with an executive from a major social
platform, who was asked about an up-and-
coming competitor. The response was, in my
opinion, short-sighted; it went something
like this: “We aren’t concerned about them;
it’s for college kids and people have
profiles, photos, and big networks of friends
on our site. They won’t want to start over
somewhere else.”
The executive was wrong about this – very,
very wrong. The financial services industry
is at a similar tipping point and technology-
based innovation will lead the way.
What advice would you give to business
leaders in working with their technical
leaders?
What can you do about it? Ask yourself: Are
your business leaders and technical leaders
slowing you down? Is collaboration too hard?
Is alignment out of sync? We often hear
frustrations from Red Hat clients about just
getting things done and hear statements such
as “Why can’t IT just get me what I need?” or
“The business team doesn’t listen.”
We asked former financial services IT pros
who now work for Red Hat for tips on how
business leaders in financial services can
work better with IT leaders – and get their
needs met more quickly.
# ⚓ 8_fundamental_Linux_file-management_commands_for_new
users_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛
I’m a believer in the basics, and as a former
technical instructor, I have a soft spot for
folks who are new to Linux (and other
platforms). I’ve written articles on the
fundamentals, and I thought it was time to
cover some basic file-manipulation commands.
This article looks at day-to-day tasks such
as copying, moving, renaming, creating, and
deleting files and directories. Here are
eight commands to make managing files easier.
# ⚓ Building_better_businesses:_Announcing_our_Red_Hat
EMEA_Digital_Leaders_2021⠀⇛
Life moves fast. Innovation moves faster.
We’re all in a rush to keep up. Every now and
then, it’s important to hit the pause button
and reflect on achievements. Reflection isn’t
just good for the soul. The accomplishments
of others can be the gateway to our own
progress. By taking inspiration and learnings
from others, we can overcome organizational
groupthink, draw on a more diverse pool of
ideas and experiences, and shortcut our way
to solutions and success.
This is the thinking behind the Red Hat EMEA
Digital Leaders Awards—a new program in
association with Intel and IDC celebrating
the best open source projects using Red Hat
technology and services
We received so many strong stories, from so
many different countries and industries. When
businesses apply open source solutions and
working principles to their transformation
projects, every KPI—profitability, cost
savings, customer satisfaction, employee
productivity and market share—is improved.
It has been inspiring, and humbling, to see
how Red Hat is helping to build better
businesses, and a better world.
# ⚓ Integrate_ISO_20022_payments_messaging_with_CI/CD⠀⇛
The financial industry is increasingly
embracing International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) 20022-based standards
(MX messaging) to exchange messages for both
payments and securities. Key benefits of MX
messaging include its ability to capture
richer data, flexibility, and machine-
readable format. However, the older SWIFT MT
message set is still deeply entrenched in the
core systems and processes of the financial
sector. This situation has created a growing
demand for MT-MX conversion.
In this article, I will show you one way to
achieve MT to MX mapping on Red Hat OpenShift
using the message transformation platform
from Trace Financial, a Red Hat Independent
Software Vendor (ISV), and Red Hat Fuse.
# ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Outreachy_Project_“Mote”
progress_update⠀⇛
I had heard Outreachy internship from one of
my seniors who was sharing her experience in
my college when I was in my second year. I
decided to give it a shot with utmost
dedication and learning after understanding
how Outreachy can be a great learning
experience – needed to excel in the IT
industry. Outreachy helps people from under-
represented groups and is a life-changing
experience for a contributor. I feel happy
now that I am working with amazing mentors
who guide and motivate me at every step. This
opportunity wouldn’t be possible without the
support of my parents, friends, and mentors.
I always have shared my knowledge and
experience with beginners, and this is a
chance for me to prove myself capable and
then help other people contribute to Open
Source. I am excited for the next 3 months of
knowing community members and helping with
the project.
I am currently in week 5 of my Outreachy
Internship and I must say it’s going great.
Every day is a new learning experience for me
with lots of new implementations, goals, and
tasks. This keeps me motivated and afresh
with the project.
# § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Ubuntu_21.04_(Hirsute_Hippo)_Reached_End_of_Life,
Upgrade_to_Ubuntu_21.10_Now⠀⇛
Dubbed by Canonical as the “Hirsute Hippo,”
Ubuntu 21.04 was released nine months ago, on
April 22nd, 2021. It was the first Ubuntu
release to use the next-generation Wayland
display server by default for its Ubuntu
Desktop flavor, which uses a modified version
of the GNOME desktop environment.
Ubuntu 21.04 didn’t make the plunge into the
GNOME 40 desktop environment series due to
its redesigned Activities Overview, but it
did ship with support for GNOME 40 apps while
being built on top of the older GNOME 3.38
desktop environment series.
# ⚓ Ubuntu_21.04_Hirsute_Hippo_Reached_End_Of_Life_|
Itsubuntu.com⠀⇛
Ubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo) as the release
has now reached the end of life. Ubuntu 21.04
was released nine months ago, on April 22nd,
2021. If you’re still using Ubuntu 21.04, it
is highly recommended that you upgrade to the
latest Ubuntu operating system as Canonical
will stop offering updates for Ubuntu 21.04
users.
# ⚓ Accessible_by_design:_How_we_are_designing_for
accessibility_at_Canonical⠀⇛
In this blog post, I will talk about some of
the most important considerations when it
comes to building UIs that are accessible by
design and how we are approaching this
challenge at Canonical to continuously
improve the accessibility of Vanilla, our
open source design system and CSS framework.
[...]
Hold on! Don’t leave the page yet, I promise
this will get interesting.
The boring part (at least for me) and the
shallowest way of looking at compliance is
legislation. Over the years, there have been
different mandates or laws to enforce digital
and non-digital accessibility, such as the
Americans with Disabilities Act in the USA
(1990) and in the European Union the European
Accessibility Act, which will likely cause a
stir. Starting in June 2025, a wide range of
sectors, products and services must be
accessible or companies will face legal
repercussions from the European Commission.
The good news is that up to now, regardless
of the legislative body, the standard for
compliance is always the W3C Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux-friendly_e-ink_PineNote_tablet_takes_a_step_forward⠀⇛
The Linux-friendly PineNote 10.1-inch e-ink display
tablet is now available to pre-order for $399, but
it’s for serious Linux enthusiasts or seasoned
embedded systems developers.
The PineNote is the latest hardware from Pine64,
which also recently opened pre-orders of the $399
PinePhone Pro Explorer Edition as a Linux
alternative on par with a mid-range Android phone.
# ⚓ Atmosic_ATM33_–_A_Bluetooth_LE_5.3_Cortex-M33_MCU_with
energy_harvesting_capabilities_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛
Atmosic ATM33 is a Bluetooth LE 5.3 compliant
Cortex-M33 microcontroller with optional energy
harvesting capabilities that can enable up to 5x
longer battery life and even battery-free
solutions.
The 64 MHz MCU also comes with 64 KB ROM, 128 KB
RAM, 512 KB non-volatile memory, hardware security
features, and SensorHub hardware block that allows
data to be managed while the majority of the SoC,
including the MCU core, is in a hibernated state.
# § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ Home_Assistant_Yellow_–_Pi-powered_local_automation⠀⇛
For example, I wanted to make it easy for my
kids to control a home theater with four
different devices and complex audio/visual
routing, so I bought a Harmony remote and
programmed it to control TV, a game console,
an Apple TV, and radio. I don’t want Logitech
to start controlling other aspects of my
house, or to give intruders an avenue by
which they could invade my home’s network.
# § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ MECOOL_HomePlus_–_A_2-in-1_smart_speaker_and_4K_TV
box_with_DVB_Tuner_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛
# ⚓ ‘Self_Share’_is_Google’s_next_step_in_making_Android
and_Chrome_OS_more_cohesive_–_Phandroid⠀⇛
# ⚓ These_Are_The_Best_Telegram_Clients_For_Android_In
2022_–_Check_Now!⠀⇛
# ⚓ Google_could_soon_bring_Android_12’s_Material_You
design_to_Chrome_OS_–_Pocketnow⠀⇛
# ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_S10_One_UI_4_(Android_12)_update
starts_rolling_out_in_the_US_|_Android_Central⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_take_and_edit_RAW_photos_on_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_Android_Plans_to_Beat_Apple_in_China⠀⇛
o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Webmin_–_A_Web_Based_System_Administration_Tool_for_Linux⠀⇛
Webmin is an open-source web-based system
configuration tool for Linux system administration.
With the help of this tool, we can manage internal
system configuration such as setting up user
accounts, disk quotas, services configuration like
Apache, DNS, PHP, MySQL, file sharing, and much
more.
Webmin application is based on Perl module and it
uses TCP port 10000 with OpenSSL library for
communicating via browser.
# ⚓ ProtonMail_Now_Protects_You_From_Email_Tracking⠀⇛
ProtonMail is an open-source email service that
offers best-in-class privacy and security features.
All of its client applications are open-source as
well. You can use it for free and opt for premium
upgrades if needed. Whether using it for free or
with a subscription, ProtonMail has been an
impressive option for privacy and open-source
enthusiasts.
In fact, we use it for our team. And, it has been a
good service so far!
Now, to make things better, ProtonMail announced a
new feature that blocks hidden pixels in emails
that often track your activity.
# ⚓ Workspace_Organizer_‘Rambox_2.0′_Launches_with_a_Revamped
UI_and_New_Features_–_It’s_FOSS_News⠀⇛
The open-source workspace organizer, Rambox, has
just received a fresh new update.
If you’re not familiar with Rambox, it is basically
an all-in-one app that combines numerous web apps
and messaging services into one single application.
In fact, we’ve previously reviewed its open-source
community edition.
The latest update has introduced significant
changes to Rambox. Let’s take a look at all the new
features that come packed with Rambox 2.0
# ⚓ Genode_OS_Planning_For_WireGuard,_Mobile_Usability_With_The
PinePhone_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
I’ve been writing about Genode OS for over a decade
as one of the interesting original, open-source
operating system frameworks that has taken novel
approaches to many design elements and continues
persevering with their efforts. For 2022 the
project has yet more ambitious goals ahead.
Over the course of 2021, Genode accomplished making
use of more Linux driver code where possible,
hardware-accelerated graphics are in better shape,
and getting more code natively working on the
platform such as the open-source Chromium web
browser. Besides the Intel graphics in working
shape, Genode OS also tackled web camera support,
LTE data support, and other features in 2021.
# § Events⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux_App_Summit_2022_will_be_held_in_Italy⠀⇛
The Linux App Summit (LAS) of 2022 will be
held in Rovereto, a picturesque city at the
foot of the Italian Alps.
Whether you are a company, journalist,
developer, or user interested in the ever-
growing Linux app ecosystem, LAS will have
something for you. Scheduled for April, LAS
2022 will be a hybrid event, combining on-
site and remote sessions, including talks,
panels and Q&As.
The call for papers will open soon, and the
registrations shortly after.
Follow us on Twitter to keep up to date with
Linux App Summit news.
# ⚓ Omicron_Storm_Cancels_In-person_‘Spacewalk’_Event_–
Online_Version_Rescheduled⠀⇛
With the Omicron variant of Covid-19
spreading across the country (and globe) like
a fast moving storm, the folks at All Things
Open have had to rethink their plans for
presenting their free Spacewalk event as both
an in-person and online hybrid event, and
will now be offering the event online only.
This led to some logistical difficulties for
the event’s planners, since the original plan
had been to livestream the event as it
happened from the the Carolina Theater in
downtown Durham, North Carolina. Long story
short: the event originally scheduled for
yesterday will now take place on Tuesday,
January 25 at noon Eastern Time. Attendance
is absolutely free, but a Zoom registration
is required.
# § Content Management Systems (CMS)⠀➾
# ⚓ 3_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Swift_Static_Site
Generators⠀⇛

LinuxLinks, like most modern websites, is
dynamic in that content is stored in a
database and converted into presentation-
ready HTML when readers access the site.
While we employ built-in server caching which
creates static versions of the site, we don’t
generate a full, static HTML website based on
raw data and a set of templates. However,
sometimes a full, static HTML website is
desirable. Because HTML pages are all
prebuilt, they load extremely quickly in web
browsers.
# § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Security_engineering_course⠀⇛
Although our course is designed for masters
students and fourth-year undergrads in
Edinburgh, we’re making the lectures
available to everyone. I’ll link the rest of
the videos in followups here, and eventually
on the book’s web page.
# § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ C_your_data_structures_with_rellic-headergen⠀⇛
Have you ever wondered how a compiler sees
your data structures? Compiler Explorer may
help you understand the relation between the
source code and machine code, but it doesn’t
provide as much support when it comes to the
layout of your data. You might have heard
about padding, alignment, and “plain old data
types.” Perhaps you’ve even dabbled in
emulating inheritance in C by embedding one
structure in another. But could you guess the
exact memory layout of all these types,
without looking at the ABI reference for your
platform or the source for your standard
library?
# § Perl/Raku⠀➾
# ⚓ DocKnot_7.01⠀⇛
Continuing to flush out bugs in the
recent changes to my static web site
generator.
I had missed some Unicode implications
for how output from external programs
was handled, and also missed Unicode
decoding of the output from Pod::
Thread, since Pod::Simple always
encodes its output even if that output
is to a scalar. I also missed an
implication for how symlinks were
handled in Path::Iterator::Rule,
causing docknot spin to fail to copy
files into the output tree that were
symlinks in the input tree. Both of
those bugs are fixed in this release.
# § Rust⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Rust_Programming_Language_Blog:_Security
advisory_for_the_standard_library_(CVE-2022-
21658)⠀⇛
The Rust Security Response WG was
notified that the std::fs::
remove_dir_all standard library
function is vulnerable a race condition
enabling symlink following (CWE-363).
An attacker could use this security
issue to trick a privileged program
into deleting files and directories the
attacker couldn’t otherwise access or
delete.
This issue has been assigned CVE-2022-
21658.
# ⚓ This_Week_In_Rust:_This_Week_in_Rust_426⠀⇛
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ “World’s_Greatest_Deliberative_Body”?_Hardly⠀⇛
By its very nature, the Senate, with two Senators from
each state, gives more representation to the voters of
sparsely populated rural states, clearly a lopsided
minority representation, and I say this as a lifelong
resident of rural Wisconsin.
This vision of the Senate was bitterly
debated by the framers of the Constitution, as only five
of the original thirteen states supported a Senate so
structured. And this was a time when the population ratio
between the largest state and the smallest was 13 to
1. That ratio now stands at 68 to 1 and it is growing
wider year by year.
o ⚓ Why_the_Volcanic_Eruption_in_Tonga_was_so_Violent⠀⇛
The volcano is usually not much to look at. It consists
of two small uninhabited islands, Hunga-Ha’apai and
Hunga-Tonga, poking about 100m above sea level 65km north
of Tonga’s capital Nuku‘alofa. But hiding below the waves
is a massive volcano, around 1800m high and 20km wide.
o ⚓ I_Am_a_Man⠀⇛
o ⚓ Major_US_airlines_warn_5G_expansion_could_cause_‘chaos’_for_US
flights⠀⇛
The airlines warned the new C-Band 5G service set to
begin on Wednesday could render a significant number of
widebody aircraft unusable, “could potentially strand
tens of thousands of Americans overseas” and cause
“chaos” for U.S. flights.
o ⚓ AT&T_begins_5G_C-band_rollout_in_limited_number_of_metro_areas⠀⇛
Just one day before Verizon and AT&T’s scheduled 5G
rollout on January 19th, major airlines warned against
activating 5G towers for fear of “catastrophic
disruption” to flights operating across the country. Air
India, Emirates, Japan Airlines, and ANA canceled some of
their flights in advance over concerns that the 5G
expansion could interfere with radar altimeters that
aircraft use to make low-visibility landings. Ahead of
the rollout, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
reached an agreement with both carriers to create 50
buffer zones where AT&T and Verizon will shut off
transmitters for six months near airports with high
traffic volume and frequent low-visibility conditions.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ The_squares_are_kinda_Fibonacci-like⠀⇛
I got a cute little surprise today. I was thinking:
suppose someone gives you a large square integer
and asks you to find the next larger square. You
can’t really do any better than to extract the
square root, add 1, and square the result. But if
someone gives you two consecutive square numbers,
you can find the next one with much less work. Say
the two squares are !!b = n^2!! and !!a =
n^2+2n+1!!, where !!n!! is unknown. Then you want
to find !!n^2+4n+4!!, which is simply !!2a-b+2!!.
No square rooting is required.
# ⚓ 3D_printing’s_next_act:_big_metal_objects⠀⇛
A new metal 3D printing technology could
revolutionize the way large industrial products
like planes and cars are made, reducing the cost
and carbon footprint of mass manufacturing.
Why it matters: 3D printing — also called additive
manufacturing — has been used since the 1980s to
make small plastic parts and prototypes. Metal
printing is newer, and the challenge has been
figuring out how to make things like large car
parts faster and cheaper than traditional methods.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ Feature_|_Estonia’s_English-language_podcasts,_all_in_the
one_place⠀⇛
Some of these might have so far slipped below the
radar for many potentially interested listeners,
however. To help solve that issue, ERR News has
drawn together a dozen of the current crop of
podcasts of all types, all together in the same
article for ease of reference.
For a podcast to be listed it needed to meet three
criteria: Be in English, be about Estonia and have
had multiple episodes posted online within the last
year or so.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Samsung_edges_out_Intel_to_take_top_spot_in_2021
semiconductor_sales⠀⇛
South Korean giant Samsung Electronics became the
globe’s top vendor of semiconductors in 2021,
overtaking Intel for the first time since 2018 with
a 31.6% rise in revenue to US$75.9 billion (A$105.2
billion), the technology analyst firm Gartner says.
# ⚓ When_A_Single_Bit_Was_Enough,_Into_The_Sound_Of_The_ZX
Spectrum_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
It’s normal for a computer in 2022 to come with a
fully-featured sound card containing a complete
synthesizer as well as high-quality PCM sound
recording and playback. It’s referred to as a sound
card after the way the hardware first appeared in
the world of PCs, but in fact it’s now considered
so essential as to be a built-in part of most
mainboards. There was a time when computers boasted
considerably less impressive sound hardware, and
among the chorus of SIDs and AY chips of the
perhaps the least well-featured was the original
Sinclair ZX Spectrum. Its one-bit sound, a single
line on an I/O port, is the subject of a thorough
investigation from [Forgotten Computer]. It’s a
long video which we’ve placed below the break, but
for those with an interest in 8-bit music it should
make a for a fascinating watch.
For Sir Clive Sinclair the 1-bit audio must have
been welcome as it removed the need for an
expensive sound chip and kept the Spectrum to its
low price point, but on the face of it there was
little more it could do than create simple beeps
using Sinclair BASIC’s built-in BEEP command. The
video gives us an in-depth look at how interleaving
and PWM could be used to create much more complex
sounds such as the illusion of multiple voices and
even sampled sounds. In particular his technique of
comparing the audio output with its corresponding
pin on the Sinclair ULA shows the effect of the
machine’s simple low-pass filter, though the music
was often so close to the edge of what the
interface could do that aliasing sounds are often
very obvious.
# ⚓ Printing_Your_Own_Exoskeleton_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
While not quite in a cave, the idea of making your
own exoskeleton with limited tools does have a Tony
Stark esque vibe. [Andrew Piccinno] is a mechanical
engineer pursuing the dream of 3D printing a full-
body exoskeleton called 3X0. It’s a project he’s
been ruminating on since college, but the work
really began in earnest about five months ago.
Unfortunately, there are too many pictures to
include here, but check out his Instagram or
makeprojects for more photos.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ WHO_Chief_Says_Pandemic_Is_“Nowhere_Near_Over,”_Warning
About_Vaccine_Inequity⠀⇛
# ⚓ Vaccine_Apartheid_Means_Pandemic_‘Nowhere_Near_Over’:_WHO
Chief⠀⇛
The head of the World Health Organization on
Tuesday implored countries not to let their guards
down even as Omicron waves appear to have reached
their peaks in parts of the globe, a trend that
some nations have cited as a reason to lift public
safety measures.
During his weekly media briefing, WHO Director-
General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus voiced hope that
“the worst of this latest wave is done with” but
stressed that “no country is out of the woods yet”
as infection rates remain at record levels around
the world.
# ⚓ Fact-Checking,_COVID-19_Misinformation,_and_the_British
Medical_Journal⠀⇛
The increasing volume of misinformation and urgent
calls for better moderation have made processes
like fact-checking—the practice that aims to assess
the accuracy of reporting—integral to the way
social media companies deal with the dissemination
of content. But, a valid question persists: who
should check facts? This is particularly pertinent
when one considers how such checks can shape
perceptions, encourage biases, and undermine
longstanding, authoritative voices. Social media
fact-checks currently come in different shapes and
sizes; for instance, Facebook outsources the role
to third party organizations to label
misinformation, while Twitter’s internal practices
determine which post will be flagged as misleading,
disputed, or unverified.
That Facebook relies on external fact-checkers is
not in and of itself a problem – there is something
appealing about Facebook relying on outside experts
and not being the sole arbiter of truth. But
Facebook vests a lot of authority in its fact-
checkers and then mostly steps out of the way of
any disputes that may arise around their decisions.
This raises concerns about Facebook fulfilling its
obligation to provide its users with adequate
notice and appeals procedures when their content is
moderated by its fact-checkers.
According to Facebook, its fact-checkers may assign
one of four labels to a post: “False,” “Partly
False,” Altered,” or “Missing Context.” The label
is accompanied by a link to the fact-checker and a
more detailed explanation of that decision. Each
label triggers a different action from Facebook.
Content rated either “False” or “Altered” is
subject to a dramatic reduction in distribution and
gets the strongest warning labels. Content rated
“Partly False” also gets reduced distribution, but
to a lesser degree than “False” or “Altered.”
Content rated “Missing Context” is not typically
subject to distribution reduction; rather Facebook
surfaces more information from its fact-checking
partners. But under its current temporary policy,
Facebook will reduce distribution of posts about
COVID-19 or vaccines marked as “Missing Context” by
its fact-checkers.
# ⚓ Kidney_Failure,_Emergency_Rooms_and_Medical_Debt._The
Unseen_Costs_of_Food_Poisoning.⠀⇛
On a cloudy day in November 2019, family and
friends gathered in Austin, Texas, to mourn the
passing of Lovey Jean Carter.
Carter, who had heart trouble and other ailments,
had died at 67.
# ⚓ Why_Pay_Less?_The_US_Strategy_for_Vaccinating_the_World⠀⇛
# ⚓ BoJo_“Big_Dog”_Johnson,_Distemper_in_the_Time_of_Pandemic⠀⇛
BoJo, during Prime Minister’s Questions (PMQs) that
day, also apologized for the leaked video, and said
he was launching an investigation into whether
lockdown rules had been broken by the Christmas
party in question.
Subsequent revelations about several other
lockdown-breaching parties, at Downing Street and a
number of government ministries, show BoJo’s
declaration and apology to be entirely
hypocritical.
# ⚓ Catching_Up_With_Progressives,_Biden_to_Provide_N95s
Nationwide⠀⇛
Eighteen months after Sen. Bernie Sanders first
introduced legislation to ensure everyone in the
U.S. would receive face masks to protect against
Covid-19, the White House on Wednesday followed
public health guidance by announcing it will make
N95s available for free nationwide.
“It’s starting to work. Demand more. Demand
better.”
# ⚓ Beyond_Fauci:_When_Physicians_are_Victims⠀⇛
One of the most famous cases concerns Galileo
Galilei, the Italian astronomer, physicist and
engineer. He was persecuted by the Catholic Church
because his concept of the universe was in
disagreement with the theological thinking of the
times. He was tried by the Inquisition, found
“vehemently suspect of heresy”, and forced to
recant. He spent the rest of his life under house
arrest.
So far, Anthony Fauci has been luckier than that.
Despite repeated attacks by the former U.S.
President and his Republican allies, Fauci
continues to have the full support of President Joe
Biden and of the American scientific community.
# ⚓ Bank_Blocks_Donations_Supporting_Cuban_Effort_to_Vaccinate
World⠀⇛
Progressive International recently asked for
contributions so they can send a delegation to
Havana next week to promote Cuba’s effort to
vaccinate the world against Covid-19.
But in an apparent genuflection to the illegal U.S.
embargo against the island, Dutch multinational
bank ING has blocked all donations supporting the
trip, the group said Tuesday.
# ⚓ Rand_Paul_Abandons_His_Hippocratic_Oath_to_Play_Politics
During_a_Pandemic⠀⇛
Rand Paul is a doctor who became a politician. That
should have made the senator from Kentucky a
valuable voice during a pandemic. Instead, the
ophthalmologist has abandoned any pretense of
upholding the physician’s pledge to “lead my life,
and practice my art, in uprightness and honor.”
While Paul still claims to respect the Hippocratic
oath, the Republican has failed at every turn to
demonstrate his commitment to “hold myself aloof
from wrong and from corruption.”
# ⚓ Learning_From_Decades_of_Public_Health_Failure⠀⇛
One glaring revelation of the Covid-19 crisis is
how ill-prepared the United States turned out to be
for an unexpected national medical emergency. There
are deep historical reasons for why our welfare
state proved incapable of dealing with the
unprecedented challenges of the pandemic—reasons
that predate the Trump administration’s
mismanagement. Decades of economic decision-making
that prioritized a market-driven system ignored the
kind of welfare distribution necessary to deal with
the potential challenges of a large-scale crisis
like Covid-19.1
# ⚓ Iowa_Judge_Upholds_Ag-Gag_Charge_Brought_Against_Animal
Rights_Activist_Hours_Before_Dismissing_The_Case⠀⇛
This article was funded by paid subscribers of The
Dissenter, a project of Shadowproof. Become a paid
subscriber and help us expand our work.
# ⚓ Iowa_Judge_Upholds_Ag-Gag_Charge_Brought_Against_Animal
Rights_Activist_Hours_Before_Dismissing_The_Case⠀⇛
An Iowa judge upheld one of the state’s “ag-gag”
laws in a case brought against an animal rights
activist, hours before dismissing all charges.
In Iowa, a person may be criminalized for “food
operation trespass” if they enter or remain on the
property of a factory farm “without the consent of
a person who has real or apparent authority to
allow the person to enter or remain on the
property.”
# ⚓ Navigating_the_swamps_of_medical_uncertainty,_a_personal
anecdote⠀⇛
I can’t find reliable data on this (and the irony
of this is not lost on me), but somewhere between
many dozens of thousands and many hundreds of
thousands of meniscus surgeries are performed in
the US alone every year. Millions are performed
across the world.
Yet the evidence seems to point towards these
surgeries being ineffective, mildly harmful in the
short run for markers like mobility and pain,
significantly in the long run due to accelerating
osteoarthrosis. In spite of this, orthopedic
surgeons seem unaware and there are no guidelines
recommending the avoidance of surgeries.
In my limited reading of what guidelines I could
find, all without exceptions recommend a treatment
protocol for meniscus injury without citing any
evidence about outcomes, let alone thinking about
the chance of misdiagnosis or cases where I’d be
wiser to wait for better technology or pursue less
traditional methods.
I for one am glad I had the scientific literacy,
money, patience, and time to navigate the swamp of
uncertainty and reach what I think could be a
better outcome than the surgery. Alas, I am still
far from certain the path I took was correct, but
this is a story of navigating, not of setting
anchor.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ IRS_Will_Soon_Require_Selfies_for_Online_Access⠀⇛
If you created an online account to manage
your tax records with the U.S. Internal
Revenue Service (IRS), those login
credentials will cease to work later this
year. The agency says that by the summer of
2022, the only way to log in to irs.gov will
be through ID.me, an online identity
verification service that requires applicants
to submit copies of bills and identity
documents, as well as a live video feed of
their faces via a mobile device.
# ⚓ Telework_Here_to_Stay,_But_Devices_Need_Beefed_Up
Security⠀⇛
The country has already been gripped by high-
profile cyberattacks, including on software
company SolarWinds, oil transport company
Colonial Pipeline, and meat producer JBS USA.
# ⚓ Microsoft_to_buy_Activision_Blizzard⠀⇛
It’s Microsoft’s largest ever acquisition,
far topping the company’s $26.2 billion
purchase of LinkedIn in 2016.
# ⚓ Microsoft_acquires_Activision_Blizzard_for_$US_70b⠀⇛
Microsoft made big news when it bought
Minecraft and when it bought Bethesda, but
today’s news is a deal 10 times that.
Microsoft has now announced its acquisition
of Activision Blizzard for an eye-watering
$US 70 billion. It makes Microsoft the
world’s third-largest gaming company.
# ⚓ EXPLAINER:_Microsoft’s_Activision_buy_could_shake_up
gaming⠀⇛
Microsoft stunned the gaming industry when it
announced this week it would buy game
publisher Activision Blizzard for $68.7
billion, a deal that would immediately make
it a larger video-game company than Nintendo.
Microsoft, maker of the Xbox gaming system,
said the deal would be good for gamers and
advance its ambitions for the metaverse — a
vision for creating immersive virtual worlds
for both work and play.
But what does the deal really mean for the
millions of people who play video games,
either on consoles or their phones? And will
it actually happen at a time of increased
government scrutiny over giant mergers in the
U.S. and elsewhere?
# ⚓ The_video-game_industry_has_metaverse_ambitions,
too⠀⇛
The second prong of Epic’s strategy, besides
“Fortnite” itself, is to sell pickaxes in a
gold rush. Here it is in competition with
Unity, a firm founded in Denmark in 2004 and
which went public last year. Both firms sell
sophisticated software “engines” that were
originally designed to power video-games. Now
they are touting them as pieces of general-
purpose simulation software that they hope
will become a common language in which 3D
worlds are built, in the same way HTML
underpins websites.
They are already partway there. Games engines
are finding uses outside the gaming business.
Architectural firms, for instance, use them
to build virtual versions of buildings to
dazzle clients before construction. Some use
them to help manage the build itself. A
collaboration between Epic and Cesium, a
startup that maps cities and landscapes,
allows virtual copies of real cities such as
Melbourne or Detroit to be dropped into
Unreal, the engine that powers “Fortnite”.
# § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾
# § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾
# § Linux Foundation⠀➾
# ⚓ The_‘core’_of_data_science:
McKinsey_donates_Kedro_to_Linux⠀⇛
Scottish-sounding
management consultancy
McKinsey has donated Kedro
to the Linux Foundation.
Build back in 2019,
McKinsey launched Kedro as
an open source software
tool on GitHub for data
scientists and data
engineers.
In terms of form and
function, this technology
is a library of code that
can be used to create data
and Machine Learning
pipelines.
# ⚓ McKinsey_donates_open-source_tool
Kedro_to_the_Linux_Foundation⠀⇛
# ⚓ McKinsey_donates_machine_learning
pipeline_tool_Kedro_to_the_Linux
Foundation [Ed: “Donates” is the
wrong word. Openwashing_services
aren’t charitable.]⠀⇛
The Linux Foundation, the
nonprofit consortium that
provides a vendor-neutral
hub for open source
projects. today announced
that McKinsey’s
QuantumBlack will donate
Kedro, a machine learning
pipeline tool, to the open
source community. The Linux
Foundation will maintain
Kedro under Linux
Foundation AI & Data (LF AI
& Data), an umbrella
organization founded in
2018 to bolster innovation
in AI by supporting
technical projects,
developer communities, and
companies.
“We’re excited to welcome
the Kedro project into LF
AI & Data. It addresses the
many challenges that exist
in creating machine
learning products today and
it is a fantastic
complement to our portfolio
of hosted technical
projects,” Ibrahim Haddad,
executive director of LF AI
& Data, said. “We look
forward to working with the
community to grow the
project’s footprint and to
create new collaboration
opportunities with our
members, hosted projects
and the larger open-source
community.”
# § Security⠀➾
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ The_UK_Has_A_Voyeuristic_New_Propaganda
Campaign_Against_Encryption⠀⇛
Over the weekend, Rolling Stone
reported on a new propaganda
campaign the United Kingdom’s
government is rolling out to try
to turn public opinion against
end-to-end encryption (E2EE).
It’s the latest salvo in the UK’s
decades-long war against
encryption, which in the past has
relied on censorious statements
from the Home Office and
legislation such as the Snooper’s
Charter rather than ad campaigns.
According to the report, the
plans for the PR blitz (which is
funded by UK taxpayers’ money)
include “a striking stunt —
placing an adult and child (both
actors) in a glass box, with the
adult looking ‘knowingly’ at the
child as the glass fades to
black.”
# ⚓ Athlete_surveillance_warnings_cloud
China’s_Winter_Olympics⠀⇛
A growing number of Western
nations and cybersecurity groups
have issued digital surveillance
warnings for next month’s Winter
Olympics in Beijing, with some
advising foreign athletes to
leave personal phones and laptops
at home.
# ⚓ Using_Digital_Data_in_Criminal
Investigations:_Where_and_How_to_Draw_the
Line?⠀⇛
Even if such data can help solve
crimes, should it be made
available for that purpose?
Though public safety is an
important goal, how much of a
modern citizen’s “digital
footprint” should be available
for criminal or other
investigations? Should it matter
whether citizens are aware their
phone or car is monitoring them?
What if they don’t have the
freedom to opt out and stop the
data collection, which would
certainly be difficult if the
technology was embedded in their
bodies? When does access to that
data begin to look less like
police searching through
someone’s belongings and more
like forcing them to testify
against themselves, something the
Constitution provides specific
protection against?
The answers to these futuristic-
sounding questions could have
long-reaching effects—potentially
creating disincentives for some
capabilities to be built into new
technologies or pushing criminals
to use tools with built-in legal
protection from police access.
The answers won’t just affect the
balance between individual rights
and public safety. They will echo
in the decisions people make
about what technologies to use
and influence inventive
companies’ decisions about what
new devices and features to
create.
# ⚓ San_Francisco_Police_Illegally_Spying_on
Protesters⠀⇛
Last summer, the San Francisco
police illegally used
surveillance cameras at the
George Floyd protests.
[...]
Tech billionaire Chris Larsen is
on the side of the police. He
thinks that the surveillance is a
good thing, and wrote an op-ed
defending it.
I wouldn’t be writing about this
at all except that Chris is a
board member of EPIC, and used
his EPIC affiliation in the op-ed
to bolster his own credentials.
(Bizarrely, he linked to an EPIC
page that directly contradicts
his position.) In his op-ed, he
mischaracterized the EFF’s
actions and the facts of the
lawsuit. It’s a mess.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Anti-War_Veterans_Group_Issues_Its_Own_‘Nuclear_Posture
Review’⠀⇛
“What we need now is a ‘nuclear posture’ that
enables us to reduce the real risk of nuclear
confrontation through accidental launch or
miscalculated escalation, and to accelerate a
global reduction and rapid elimination of nuclear
weapons.”
“The U.S. nuclear posture is too important to be
left to the cold warriors at the Pentagon.”
# ⚓ Jayapal,_Lee_Resolution_Promotes_More_Peaceful_US_Foreign
Policy⠀⇛
Peace campaigners on Wednesday cheered a resolution
introduced by progressive U.S. congresswomen
Pramila Jayapal and Barbara Lee calling for a new
American foreign policy that centers nonviolent
solutions and eschews militarism and bloated
Pentagon spending.
“It’s time to put diplomacy and peace over
militarism and war.”
# ⚓ Oath_Keepers_Stored_30_Days_of_Supplies_for_January_6,
Bracing_for_“Civil_War”⠀⇛
# ⚓ Opinion_|_After_a_Year_of_Biden,_Why_Do_We_Still_Have
Trump’s_Foreign_Policy?⠀⇛
President Biden and the Democrats were highly
critical of President Trump’s foreign policy, so it
was reasonable to expect that Biden would quickly
remedy its worst impacts. As a senior member of the
Obama administration, Biden surely needed no
schooling on Obama’s diplomatic agreements with
Cuba and Iran, both of which began to resolve long-
standing foreign policy problems and provided
models for the renewed emphasis on diplomacy that
Biden was promising.
# ⚓ 14-Year-Old_Indigenous_Land_Defender_Killed_in_Colombia⠀⇛
Outrage and demands for justice are growing after
14-year-old Breiner David Cucuñame was shot dead
last Friday while on patrol with the Indigenous
Guard, an unarmed collective that aims to protect
their lands in Colombia, known globally for
frequent murders of environmentalists.
Fridays for Future MAPA—youth climate activists
from the most affected people and areas—responded
to the teenager’s death on Wednesday by tweeting
the common phrase: “They tried to bury us. They
didn’t know we were seeds.”
# ⚓ How_Do_We_Confront_White_Christian_Nationalism?⠀⇛
“If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you
have chosen the side of the oppressor. If an
elephant has its foot on the tail of a mouse and
you say that you are neutral, the mouse will not
appreciate your neutrality.”—Archbishop Desmond
Tutu
# ⚓ Berlin-Kreuzberg:_Social_Democrats_want_to_set_up_police
station_in_left-wing_scene_district⠀⇛
Against the opposition of their own party, the
Berlin SPD interior senate wants to station police
permanently at Berlin’s „Kotti“. However, the
senate fears a „partly anti-police scene“.
Therefore, the new building will be protected by
permanent patrols and more video surveillance.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Beware_the_Hawkish_Pundits_Pushing_for_War_Over
Ukraine⠀⇛
With the United States and Russia in a standoff
over NATO expansion and Russian troop deployments
along the Ukrainian border, US corporate media
outlets are demanding that Washington escalate the
risk of a broader war while misleading their
audiences about important aspects of the conflict.
# ⚓ ‘Allied_Resolve’_begins_Troops_spotted_near_the_border_with
Ukraine_as_Russian_forces_arrive_in_Belarus_for_joint
military_drills⠀⇛
The “Allied Resolve” joint military exercises
between Russia and Belarus are underway. The
Russian Defense Ministry confirmed on Wednesday,
January 19, that Russian forces have begun to
arrive in Belarus for the first phase of the
maneuvers, which will last until February 9. The
second phase will run from February 10–20.
According to open-source reports, Russian troops
and hardware have already been spotted within 40
kilometers (25 miles) of the Belarusian border with
Ukraine. Taking place against the backdrop of a
flurry of diplomatic talks, the military exercises
have further stoked international fears that Moscow
is planning to launch an attack on Ukraine.
Russia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov
insisted on Wednesday that the drills are not cause
for concern.
# ⚓ Hong_Kong_democracy_activist_Edward_Leung_is_released_from
prison⠀⇛
Hong Kong activist Edward Leung, 30, who first used
one of the most popular protest chants of the 2019
pro-democracy demonstrations, was released from
prison on Wednesday.
Leung first used “Liberate Hong Kong! Revolution of
our times” as a campaign slogan for a 2016
legislative election he was later banned from
running in, due to his past advocacy for
independence from China.
# ⚓ Chinese_ambassador_to_France:_Beijing_has_‘not_ruled_out
use_of_force’_against_Taiwan⠀⇛
FRANCE 24 spoke to Lu Shaye, the Chinese ambassador
to France. He insisted Beijing was prioritising
“peaceful reunification” with Taiwan, but said the
Chinese authorities had “not ruled out the use of
force” – not with the intention of targeting “the
people of Taiwan”, but rather to dissuade
“separatists in Taiwan” and certain “foreign
forces”. The Chinese diplomat also said he was
“sure” there would be no mass surge in Covid-19
cases during the Winter Olympics, which open in
Beijing on February 4.
# ⚓ Newly_Declassified_Video_Shows_Botched_U.S._Drone_Strike
That_Killed_10_Afghan_Civilians⠀⇛
The strike was carried out as the military sought
to take out ISIS-K, the extremist group that
claimed responsibility for an Aug. 26 attack that
killed 13 U.S. service members and dozens of
Afghans outside the Kabul airport. President Biden
vowed to take action against those responsible. “We
will not forgive. We will not forget,” the
president said. “We will hunt you down and make you
pay.”
# ⚓ Newly_Declassified_Video_Shows_U.S._Killing_of_10_Civilians
in_Drone_Strike⠀⇛
Newly declassified surveillance footage provides
additional insights about the final minutes and
aftermath of a botched U.S. drone strike last year
in Kabul, Afghanistan, showing how the military
made a life-or-death decision based on imagery that
was fuzzy, hard to interpret in real time and prone
to confirmation bias.
The strike on Aug. 29 killed 10 innocent people —
including seven children — in a tragic blunder that
punctuated the end of the 20-year war in
Afghanistan.
The disclosure of the videos was a rare step by the
U.S. military in any case of an airstrike that
caused civilian casualties, and is the first time
any footage from the Kabul strike has been seen
publicly. The videos encompass about 25 minutes of
silent footage from two drones — a military
official said both were MQ-9 Reapers — showing the
minutes before, during and after the strike.
# ⚓ Piracy_drops_to_18_year_low⠀⇛
“Vigorous action” by authorities is cited as one
reason for last year seeing the lowest recorded
level of piracy and armed robbery at sea in 18
years.
Notwithstanding, the International Maritime Bureau
(IMB) of the International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC) urges seafarers to continue exercising
caution and vigilance to ensure long term
protection.
o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾
# ⚓ Telling_Lies_on_an_International_Scale⠀⇛
The mainstream media have been replete with stories
of a new Tory “red meat” initiative of right wing
policies. “Government sources” briefed the media
that Liz Truss and Priti Patel were in talks with
their counterparts in Ghana and Rwanda about
setting up internment camps to receive asylum
seekers deported from the UK.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Why_Words_Matter_in_the_Fight_Against_Climate_Change⠀⇛
By Tara Lohan, The Revelator. This story originally
appeared in The Revelator and is part of Covering
Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration
strengthening coverage of the climate story.
Do we generate energy from windmills or wind
turbines? Your answer could say a lot about your
views on climate change, explains Genevieve
Guenther.
# ⚓ 360+_Climate_Groups_to_Biden:_Phase_Out_Fossil_Fuels_on
Public_Lands⠀⇛
More than 360 climate and rights groups filed a
legal petition Thursday that calls on the Biden
administration to utilize its executive authority
to phase out federal oil and gas production on
public lands and oceans.
The groups say the petition offers a lifeline to
the planet amid the climate crisis and a direct
pathway to reverse President Joe Biden’s
“catastrophic failure of climate leadership.”
# ⚓ 450+_Climate_Scientists_Demand_PR_Industry_Drop_Fossil_Fuel
Clients⠀⇛
In a new letter stressing the need for an
“immediate and rapid transition” away from planet-
heating fuels, a group of over 450 scientists on
Wednesday called on public relations and
advertising agencies to no longer work with fossil
fuel clients.
“Greenwashing is a primary tactic in what I call
the ‘New War’ on climate action and it must be
called out for what it is—denial under another
name.”
# § Energy⠀➾
# ⚓ Why_I_Divested_My_Bank_Account_and_You_Should_Too⠀⇛
Why did I break up with BoA? It wasn’t the
customer service or any inconvenience. If
anything, I found that BoA went out of its
way to offer consistent customer service, and
to be maximally convenient. But as a young
person demanding climate action, I couldn’t
accept doing business any longer with what I
learned is one of the world’s greatest
financiers of fossil fuels and, by extension,
climate and community destruction.
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Damage_Done_to_Canyon_of_the_Ancients_National
Monument_by_Livestock_Grazing⠀⇛
The Monument also contains four wilderness
study areas and is listed on the National
List of Historic Places.
# § Population⠀➾
# ⚓ Tracking_Humans_as_a_Migratory_Species⠀⇛
Throughout evolution, humans have been a
migratory species plodding the earth. Human
migration is rarely recreational; it is
mainly necessity-driven. As such, human
migration is no different from animal
migration. Billions of animals engage in
annual migration. Animals in search of food,
better climate, mates, or in search of safety
from predation, disease, and competition move
away from their original habitats. Humans
migrate for economic, physical, and religious
survival for the most part. Modern migration
acquires a more complicated motivation,
including pursuing a higher standard of
living, professional satisfaction, even
existential adventure.
Human migration is a permanent change of
residence. It is not the same as nomadism or
tourism, which humans also do as expressions
of migratory genes. This study does not
discuss migrant workers who migrate across
borders for remunerated work.
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Peoples’_Money:_Transitioning_to_a_Steady_State
Economy⠀⇛
A significant cause of the unjust inequalities of
wealth found in our society is a simple mechanism
which keeps it all going: the state-chartered
monopoly power held by private banks to create
money as debt, and to profit from it through the
interest charged on their loans. Their ability to
set interest rates (coordinated through central
banks like the Fed) is a form of monopoly pricing;
in this case, the pricing of money. The banking
system–through its power to charge interest–is able
to control the credit markets to its own benefit.
Since the banking system has the power not just to
set but to vary the interest rate, it has the power
to adjust the value of money to maximize the return
it gets from borrowers. HIgher rates make money
scarcer and more valuable; lower rates make it more
common and less valuable. Dollars which can be
loaned out at a real 6% per year, for instance, are
twice as valuable as dollars which can be loaned
out at only a real 3% per year.
# ⚓ Serving_More_Than_Food:_Restaurant_Co-Ops_Put_Economic
Justice_on_the_Table⠀⇛
# ⚓ Polling_Finds_67_Percent_of_Voters_Support_Banning_Congress
From_Stock_Trading⠀⇛
# ⚓ Top_10_US_Billionaires_Got_$1_Billion_Richer_Every_Day_of
Pandemic⠀⇛
The 10 wealthiest billionaires in the U.S. have
added roughly $1 billion to their collective
fortune every day—or around $12,600 per
second—since the beginning of the coronavirus
pandemic, which has killed millions of people
across the globe and thrown countless lives into
chaos.
“The pandemic has been very good to American
billionaires, especially the top 10.”
# ⚓ Welcome_to_Colorado: the_Land_of_Oil_Giants_and_Lilliputian
Regulators⠀⇛
Remember the old quip – Eternity is two people and
a ham? People in Colorado learned a new definition
the eternity late last November: Eternity is the
dull, incessant drone of Governor Polis’s new
million-dollar Commission taking public comment at
a Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission,
COGCC, rulemaking. With the intensity one might
expect of a two-year-old learning to ride a
tricycle, the Commission dissected the meaning of
the term ‘economic risk’ as it applies to the
state’s oil industry.
Who knew the term has such fluidity of meaning? In
the end, after days of back and forth, these highly
paid, breathlessly bumbling amateur lexicographers
turned the term into something as useless as
campaign promises.
# ⚓ 100+_Ultra-Rich_People_Warn_Fellow_Elites:_‘It’s_Taxes_or
Pitchforks’⠀⇛
A group of more than 100 millionaires and
billionaires on Wednesday presented fellow members
of the global economic elite with a stark choice:
“It’s taxes or pitchforks.”
In an open letter published amid the corporate-
dominated virtual Davos summit, 102 rich
individuals—including such prominent figures as
Disney heiress Abigail Disney and venture
capitalist Nick Hanauer—warned that “history paints
a pretty bleak picture of what the endgame of
extremely unequal societies looks like.”
# ⚓ America’s_New_Class_War⠀⇛
Organized workers, often defying their timid union
leadership, are on the march across the United
States. Over four million workers, about 3% of the
work force, mostly from accommodation and food
services, healthcare and social assistance,
transportation, housing, and utilities have walked
away from jobs, rejecting poor pay along with
punishing and risky working conditions. There is a
growing consensus – 68 % in a recent Gallup
poll with that number climbing to 77 % of those
between the ages of 18 and 34 – that the only way
left to alter the balance of power and force
concessions from the ruling capitalist class is to
mobilize and strike, although only 9 % of the U.S.
work force is unionized. Forget the woke Democrats.
This is a class war.
The question, Karl Popper reminded us, is not how
we get good people to rule. Most of those attracted
to power, figures such as Joe Biden, are at best
mediocre and many, such as Dick Cheney, Donald
Trump, or Mike Pompeo, are venal. The question is,
rather, how do we organize institutions to prevent
incompetent or bad leaders from inflicting too much
damage. How do we pit power against power?
# ⚓ Rentier_Capitalism_and_Class_Warfare_in_Kazakhstan⠀⇛
The recent protests in oil-rich Kazakhstan have
highlighted the devastating effects of rent
extraction. The country’s largest sellers of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), including
KazMunaiGas, Kazgermunai, CNPC-AktobeMunaiGas and
Kazakhoil, have been accused by the government of
increasing fuel prices by abusing their oligopoly
power. When the state lifted its price cap on LPG
at the start of 2022, the market price doubled
within a couple of days. The impact was immediately
felt by poor and vulnerable sections of Kazakhstani
society, which relied on the commodity for heating
and vehicles.
⚓ Is_Europe’s_Inflation_Joe_Biden’s_Fault?⠀⇛
We got some interesting news on inflation elsewhere today in the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) release of data on import prices. It
turns out that the price of imports has been rising even faster than
domestic prices, with inflation of 10.4 percent over the last year.
A big part of this increase is higher energy prices, but the data do
allow for an important comparison. BLS has a category for imports of
manufactured goods from industrialized countries. This would be a
wide range of items like cars, car parts, electronics, and other
things we would import from Europe, Japan, Canada, and other wealthy
countries. In other words, this is a cross-section of goods from
countries we think of as similar to the United States.
⚓ Critics_Warn_Puerto_Rico_Debt_Plan_Will_Lead_to_More_Austerity⠀⇛
Progressives and anti-austerity campaigners on Wednesday were wary of
a federal judge’s ruling which wiped out 80% of Puerto Rico’s
debt—the product of four years of negotiations between the U.S.
territory’s government, creditors, and a fiscal control board that
Puerto Ricans derisively call “la junta.”
“Some believe the debt should’ve been cut down further… Others say
the debt shouldn’t be paid by the Puerto Rican people without
auditing it and holding those responsible accountable.”
⚓ Judge_Approves_Puerto_Rico_Debt_Restructuring,But_Unelected“Junta”_Could
Remain_for_Years_Longer⠀⇛
In a major development, a federal judge on Tuesday approved a plan to
restructure Puerto Rico’s massive debt. The proposal was presented by
the territory’s U.S.-imposed Fiscal Control Board, and it reduces the
biggest portion of the island’s debt, about $33 billion, by some 80%.
Last year, union leaders pressured the board to remove cuts to
pension plans from the current version of the debt restructuring
deal. Opponents of the agreement say it will only worsen Puerto
Rico’s economic struggles. “In terms of whether it really resolves
the financial crisis of Puerto Rico going forward, that remains to be
seen,” says Democracy Now! co-host Juan González, a close observer of
Puerto Rican history and politics, who warns the unelected fiscal
board could remain in charge of the island’s finances for years to
come. “There’s some positives in this, but there’s a lot of
uncertainty still to go.”
§ AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
* ⚓ Parents_Sue_Virginia_Governor_Over_Executive_Order_Banning_Local_Mask
Mandates⠀⇛
* ⚓ South_Dakota_Voters_Sue_Over_Right-Wing_Attack_on_Ballot_Measures⠀⇛
In an effort to protect South Dakota’s ballot measure process
from a Republican-led assault, state residents on Tuesday filed
a lawsuit against a proposed amendment they argue is a “classic
example of logrolling” that violates the state constitution and
imperils direct democracy.
At issue is Amendment C, a legislatively referred
constitutional amendment that would require a three-fifths
supermajority to approve ballot measures—whether introduced
through citizen initiative or by state lawmakers—that increase
taxes or appropriate $10 million or more in the first five
fiscal years of implementation.
* ⚓ Biden’s_Wing_of_the_Democratic_Party_Is_Sinking_His_Presidency⠀⇛
* ⚓ Opinion_|_Voting_Rights_Fight_Must_Be_Won_to_Conquer_GOP_‘Big_Lie’⠀⇛
The moment of truth on voting rights has arrived.
* ⚓ Trump_Revealed_His_New_Electoral_Strategy_in_Arizona,_and_It_Is
Horrifying⠀⇛
* ⚓ January_6_Committee_Subpoenas_Giuliani,_Obtains_Eric_Trump’s_Phone
Records⠀⇛
* ⚓ Eric_Trump_Invoked_5th_Amendment_500_Times_During_6-Hour_Deposition⠀⇛
Former President Donald Trump’s son Eric Trump invoked the
Fifth Amendment more than 500 times over the course of a six-
hour deposition to avoid answering questions as part of New
York Attorney General Letitia James’ ongoing civil probe of the
Trump Organization.
“No one in this country can pick and choose if and how the law
applies to them.”
* ⚓ Supreme_Court_Denies_Trump_Bid_to_Conceal_Records_From_Jan._6_Panel⠀⇛
The U.S. Supreme Court on Wednesday denied former President
Donald Trump’s attempt to block the release of White House
records to a House of Representatives panel investigating last
year’s deadly Capitol attack.
The high court’s 8-1 decision—Justice Clarence Thomas
dissented—clears the way for the National Archives to share
over 700 documents with the House Select Committee to
Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States
Capitol.
* ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Filibuster_Is_a_Tool_for_Obstruction—Not_Debate⠀⇛
The website of the US Senate notes that the Senate has been a
forum for free debate and the protection of political
minorities. Here, the words has been is a key point.
* ⚓ Senate_Dems_Push_to_Bring_Back_“Talking_Filibuster”_in_Pursuit_of
Voting_Rights⠀⇛
* ⚓ Biden-Cheney_or_Trump-Greenwald?⠀⇛
The above quote is lifted from a Thomas Friedman column in The
New York Times which called for Joe Biden and Liz Cheney to
unify together on a single Presidential ticket. The column also
took a giant unrelated shit on Palestinians struggling for
their basic right to exist.
I don’t mind the idea of Biden and Cheney joining up. What’s
the difference between them anyway? The question is on which
side of the aisle? Friedman and the rest of the corporate press
claims to hate fascism but they are ready to concede one of the
political parties to it. If they are serious about defeating
Trumpism they would be advocating for the Republicans to absorb
Biden, not for the Democrats to absorb non-Trumpian
Republicans, which leaves fascists with full control of one
corporate party and completely alienates the voters in the
other corporate party who never signed up for Biden, let alone
Cheney.
* ⚓ Ted_Cruz’s_Pro-Corruption_Case_Gets_Supreme_Court_Review⠀⇛
The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments Wednesday in a case
brought by Republican Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas that’s been
described as “the latest attempt to dismantle federal campaign
finance rules.”
At issue in the case—Federal Election Commission (FEC) v. Ted
Cruz for Senate—is the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002,
also known as the McCain-Feingold Act, and a $260,000 loan Cruz
made to his Senate reelection campaign just ahead of the 2018
election.
* ⚓ The_Myth_of_Bi-Partisan_Necessity⠀⇛
* ⚓ Bipartisan_Biden_Builds_Back_Bupkis:_Reflections_on_Biden’s
Inauguration_Anniversary⠀⇛
Bipartisan Biden’s political strategy has been as reality-
challenged as Trump’s 30,000 lies in office. It is not
surprising that as Biden approached the January 20th
anniversary of his inauguration a Quinnipiac Poll showed that
Biden’s job approval is 33% and a 58% to 37% majority of
Americans believe our democracy is in danger of collapsing.
Progressive Democrats have been reality-challenged as well. Joe
Biden, a lifelong neoliberal hawk, was always part of the
corporate wing of the Democratic Party that has more votes in
Congress than the progressive wing. But that did not stop
Bernie Sanders from saying during the campaign that Biden would
be the “most progressive president since FDR,” although the
smart money on Wall Street didn’t buy that fantasy. Sanders co-
opted progressive Democrats on to Sanders-Biden Unity Working
Groups to develop Biden’s platform during the campaign, where
Sanders’ progressive agenda began to be watered down.
* ⚓ Communist_Party_submits_draft_resolution_to_State_Duma_on_raising_issue
of_Russia_recognizing_Donetsk_and_Luhansk_‘people’s_republics’⠀⇛
Russian lawmakers from the Communist Party (KPRF) have
submitted to the State Duma for consideration a draft
resolution that proposes sending a formal appeal to President
Vladimir Putin “on the need to recognize the Donetsk People’s
Republic and the Luhansk People’s Republic.”
* ⚓ First_lady_of_Kuzbass_Anna_Tsivilyova_is_not_only_married_to_a_regional
governor._She’s_also_related_to_Putin_and_owns_a_major_stake_in_one_of
Russia’s_biggest_coal_companies.⠀⇛
Anna Tsivilyova, the wife of the governor of Russia’s Kemerovo
region, happens to be the daughter of Russian President
Vladimir Putin’s cousin, according to a new report from the
investigative outlet Agentstvo. What’s more, according to the
journalists’ findings, she and her husband acquired a major
stake in one of Russia’s biggest coal companies thanks to the
generosity of one of Putin’s oldest friends — billionaire
Gennady Timchenko. Though the coal company, Kolmar, had
financial troubles in the past, it has since been propped up by
the Russian government.
* ⚓ Ready_for_Another_Game_of_Russian_Roulette?⠀⇛
In June of 1961, just three months after the Bay of Pigs
invasion of Cuba was defeated, the United States began the
deployment of fifteen Jupiter nuclear missiles to Turkey, which
shared a border with the Soviet Union. Each missile, armed with
a W49 1.4 megaton thermonuclear warhead, was equivalent to 175
Hiroshima bombs. With their fifteen-hundred-mile range, the
missiles were capable of annihilating Moscow, Leningrad, and
every major city and base in the Russian heartland. Each
missile could incinerate Moscow in just sixteen minutes from
launch, thus wildly raising the possibility of thermonuclear
war caused by technological accident, human error,
miscommunication, or preemptive attack.
We didn’t hear about the Jupiter missiles and of course we
didn’t hear anything about Operation Mongoose, the top-secret
plan launched on November 1, 1961, to overthrow the government
of Cuba through a systematic campaign of sabotage, coastal
raids, assassinations, subversion leading to CIA-sponsored
guerrilla warfare, and an eventual invasion by the U.S.
military. The armed raids and sabotage succeeded in killing
many Cubans and damaging the economy, which was hit much harder
by the economic embargo announced in February. However, the
assassination plots were foiled, and all attempts to develop an
internal opposition failed. Many of the CIA agents and Cuban
exiles who infiltrated the island by sea and air were captured,
and quite a few of them talked, even on Cuban radio, about the
plans for a new U.S. invasion, which was planned for October.
Cuba requested military help from the Soviet Union, which by
July was sending troops, air defense missiles, battlefield
nuclear weapons, and medium-range ballistic missiles equivalent
to the U.S. Jupiter missiles in Turkey.
* ⚓ RNC_Renounces_Broken_Debate_System_It_Helped_Create⠀⇛
The New York Times (1/13/21) broke the news that the Republican
National Committee intends to require future GOP candidates for
president to “sign a pledge not to not participate in any
debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates.”
* ⚓ Regards_interactive_computer_services_and_social_media_censorship⠀⇛
(A) “Censor” means any action taken to edit, alter, block, ban,
delete, remove, deplatform, demonetize, de-boost, regulate,
restrict, inhibit the publication or reproduction of, deny
equal access or visibility to, suspend a right to post, or
otherwise discriminate against expression. “Censor” includes
the action of deplatforming a person. It also includes an
action taken to inhibit or restrict an interactive computer
service or a social media platform user’s ability to be viewed
by or interact with another user of the platform.
* ⚓ Google,_Apple_list_harmful_consequences_of_anti-tech_bills⠀⇛
While the American Choice and Innovation Online Act would
prevent platforms like Amazon, Apple, and Google from using
their dominance to hamper other companies and competitors that
use their platforms, the Open App Markets Act aims to promote
competition on app stores.
* ⚓ Technical_Perfection_and_Irrelevance⠀⇛
“Every technology becomes technically perfect at the precise
moment when it becomes irrelevant. – Marc Andreessen (h/t Elad
Gil)”
For a real life example, look no further than the history of
sailing ships. In the decades after the steam ship was
invented, there were more improvements to sailing ships than
they had in the previous 300 years.
* ⚓ A_severed_cable_almost_brought_down_the_British_Empire⠀⇛
Last year, cables linking underwater sensors capable of
detecting submarines off the coast of northern Norway were cut.
Now, an 800-mile long undersea fiber-optic line between Norway
and the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean has been
severed. Although Russia has both the means and the motive,
diplomats have been coy about openly assigning blame to avoid
escalating the crisis.
In peacetime, the cutting of undersea cables might be a
nuisance, but the threat is real. Submarine cables enable the
vast majority of [Internet] and telephonic communication. As of
a decade ago, such cables carried 97 percent of all
intercontinental data. Even in the age of satellites (which
adversaries also have the ability to neutralize), chaos would
ensue if communications suddenly went down.
§ Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾
* ⚓ Claiming_the_mantle_of_“reasonableness”_by_attacking_even_worse
cranks⠀⇛
This post started out by being just about Joe Mercola, which is
amusing to me because I just wrote about Mercola the other day,
specifically his brilliant grift in making all the content on
his own website “ephemeral” (disappearing after 48 hours) and
then moving it over to his Substack, where he charges his marks
to access his “Censored Library.” On Monday, he apparently had
decided that he wanted to seem “reasonable.” The way he went
about it was hilarious in the extreme. In brief, Mercola made a
big show of “conceding” that SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that
causes COVID-19, actually exists, contrasting his “reasonable”
and “scientific” take with some of the cranks and quacks who,
in addition to denying germ theory, deny outright that this
coronavirus even exists, attributing COVID-19 to other things.
(Mercola’s article might well be gone by not long after this
posts; so I’ll quote liberally.) Then, late last night, I saw a
post by someone who is not antivaccine but over the course of
the pandemic has been rapidly descending into the realm of
being a crank himself, Dr. Vinay Prasad, that very much did the
same thing. (As evidence of this, three months ago I noted Dr.
Prasad going full Godwin over pandemic public health
interventions, likening them to incipient fascism.) I had to do
a bit of last minute…surgery…to this post, expanding it to take
a look at the parallel.
* ⚓ What_Sweden_can_teach_us_about_fighting_fake_news⠀⇛
Sweden was already conducting important counter-disinformation
work as part of its general effort to increase national
resilience, building on a highly sophisticated Cold War system
known as total defence that involved the armed forces, the
wider government, the private sector and civilian volunteer
organisations seamlessly working together to protect the
country’s national security. The Civil Contingencies Agency,
MSB, where psychological defence was located until the end of
last year, monitored disinformation directed against Sweden and
trained government agencies in how to handle it. In 2018, the
MSB published the “If Crisis or War Comes” leaflet, which was
sent to every household in the country and, among other things,
instructed the public on how to find reliable information.
§ Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
* ⚓ DirecTV_Finally_Dumps_OAN,_Limiting_The_Conspiracy_And_Propaganda
Channel’s_Reach⠀⇛
Back in October, reports emerged indicating that AT&T had not
only funded much of the creation of the popular conspiracy and
fantasy channel OAN, AT&T executives had actually come up with
the original idea. The channel, which routinely traffics in
false election fraud, COVID, and other right-wing conspiracy
theories, had seen most of its reach come courtesy of a
partnership with DirecTV. As of last week, DirecTV executives
informed OAN it wouldn’t be having its contract renewed:
* ⚓ “Historic_trial”_in_London_of_man_accused_of_plotting_to_kill_exiled
Pakistani_blogger⠀⇛
In this trial, which could set an international precedent in
the fight against impunity for crimes of violence against
journalists living in exile, Muhammad Gohir Khan, a British
citizen of Pakistani origin, is charged with “conspiring
together with persons unknown” to murder Ahmad Waqass Goraya, a
Pakistani journalist and blogger resident in the Netherlands.
Goraya has been in hiding ever since the Dutch police warned
him on 12 February 2021 of a serious threat to his life – a
warning that came after Goraya had himself already told RSF
that he was in danger. Khan is accused of taking a train from
London to Amsterdam at that time, and renting a car in order to
spy on Goraya’s home in Rotterdam, allegedly with the intent of
murdering him.
* ⚓ Internet_disruptions_observed_in_Burkina_Faso_amid_coup_plot_arrests⠀⇛
Network data from NetBlocks and third-party traffic data
confirm significant disruptions to [Internet] service in
Burkina Faso from the afternoon of Monday 10 January 2022. The
incident comes as authorities are reported to have made arrests
related to an alleged coup plot.
* ⚓ Finland,_EU_condemn_Pakistan_for_sentencing_man_to_death_on_blasphemy
charges⠀⇛
Notably, on January 6 this year Bhatti was sentenced to death
under section 295-C of the Pakistan Penal Code although the
convicted claims that he is innocent.
Finland and EU Parliament both condemned the death sentence and
said that they are concerned whether the sentence is justified
and fair after the convict has already spent 10 years in jail.
The letter questioned the Pakistani government if it allows the
implementation of the death penalty even if the evidence is
debatable.
* ⚓ Christian_man_jailed_for_blasphemy_has_life_in_prison_commuted_to_the
death_penalty⠀⇛
In 2017 he was sentenced to life in prison under the infamous
article 295 C of the Pakistani Penal Code, for the “Use of
derogatory remarks, etc., in respect of the Holy Prophet” as
well as insulting the Prophet’s mother.
* ⚓ Pakistani_Christian_jailed_for_life_for_blasphemy_is_given_death
sentence⠀⇛
The advocacy group Release International says that, in 2012, Mr
Bhatti was gathering evidence about Christian persecution when
he was accused of sending the defamatory texts. He has always
said that the texts were sent from a phone that was not
registered in his name.
* ⚓ NBC_commentary_teams_to_cover_Beijing_Olympics_from_US⠀⇛
NBC has held the US broadcasting rights to the Olympics since
1988.
In 2014, the broadcaster paid a mammoth $7.75 billion to the
International Olympic Committee to extend its rights deal
through the 2032 Olympics.
§ Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾
* ⚓ Local_media_editor_is_third_journalist_killed_by_Myanmar’s_junta_in
less_than_a_month⠀⇛
Local news website editor Pu Tuidim became the third journalist
to be killed in Myanmar in just over three weeks when he was
abducted and murdered by government soldiers in the northwest
of the country last weekend. Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
condemns this barbaric murder of a reporter who tried to inform
his fellow citizens about the fighting between armed rebels and
the military junta.
* ⚓ Julian_Assange_—_a_thousand_days_in_Belmarsh⠀⇛
Alison Mason of the Julian Assange Defence Committee (JADC)
reiterated those observations long made about the imprisonment
at a gathering outside the Australian High Commission in London
on that day. The WikiLeaks founder was wrongfully confined “for
publishing the war crimes of the U.S. military leaked to him by
whistleblower Chelsea Manning”.
* ⚓ Exclusive:_Whistleblower_Craig_Murray_Speaks_Out_After_Being_Imprisoned
Over_Blog_Posts⠀⇛
Murray had been called to testify in the ongoing Spanish
criminal prosecution against former Undercover Global CEO David
Morales. Morales allegedly oversaw the illegal spying of
Assange’s private and privileged legal and other conversations,
on behalf of the CIA, while he was in the Ecuador embassy. But
he was unable to submit testimony because he was in prison.
“I was being videotaped, and I presume I’d be giving some
testimony as to the nature of my conversations with Julian,
which we’re not legally privileged, but were still entirely
private and under Spanish law and not entitled to be spied
upon,” Murray explained. It is unclear if he will have another
opportunity to testify in Spain.
In addition to his work on whistleblowing and national security
reporting, Murray intends to return to writing his biography of
Lord George Murray, a general of the last Jacobite rebellion,
as well as his blogging and social commentary more broadly.
* ⚓ Julian_Assange:_A_Thousand_Days_In_Belmarsh_–_OpEd⠀⇛
The continued detention of Assange in Belmarsh remains a
scandal of kaleidoscopic cruelty. It continues to imperil his
frail health, further impaired by a stroke suffered in October
last year and the ongoing risks associated with COVID-19. It
maintains a state of indefinite incarceration without bail,
deputising the United Kingdom as committed gaolers for US
interests. “Julian,” stated his fiancée Stella Moris, “is
simply held at the request of the US government while they
continue to abuse the US-UK extradition treaty for political
ends.”
A report drawn from unannounced visits to Belmarsh by the Chief
Inspector of Prisons last July and August did not shine
glorious light upon the institution. “The prison has not paid
sufficient attention to the growing levels of self-harm and
there was not enough oversight or care taken of prisoners of
risk of suicide. Urgent action needed to be taken in this area
to make sure that these prisoners were kept safe.”
* ⚓ Sixteen_organisations_reiterate_their_support_for_Carole_Cadwalladr_as
she_faces_SLAPP_trial⠀⇛
The undersigned organisations reiterate their support for
award-winning journalist and author, Carole Cadwalladr, who is
facing a week-long defamation trial in London this week.
Cadwalladr, who works for the Guardian Media Group in the UK,
is being sued as an individual by millionaire businessman and
political donor Arron Banks, best known for his role as co-
founder of the 2016 Brexit campaign Leave.EU.
Banks originally filed four claims against Cadwalladr in July
2019, two of which he dropped in January 2020 after the judge
found them to be “far-fetched and divorced from the specific
context in which those words were used”. The remaining claims
relate to Cadwalladr’s 2019 TED Talk, “Facebook’s Role in
Brexit – and the Threat to Democracy”, and a Twitter post
linking to the TED Talk.
§ Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
* ⚓ Opinion_|_America’s_Class_War:_Organized_Labor_Is_the_Best_Tool_to_Push
Back_Against_the_Rich⠀⇛
There is one last hope for the United States. It does not lie
in the ballot box. It lies in the union organizing and strikes
by workers at Amazon, Starbucks, Uber, Lyft, John Deere,
Kellogg, the Special Metals plant in Huntington, West Virginia,
owned by Berkshire Hathaway, the Northwest Carpenters Union,
Kroger, teachers in Chicago, West Virginia, Oklahoma and
Arizona, fast-food workers, hundreds of nurses in Worcester,
Massachusetts, and the members of the International Alliance of
Theatrical Stage Employees.
* ⚓ Black_Americans_Mostly_Left_Behind_by_Progress_Since_Dr._King’s_Death⠀⇛
Back then, over a half century ago, the wholesale racial
integration required by the 1964 Civil Rights Act was just
beginning to chip away at discrimination in education, jobs and
public facilities. Black voters had only obtained legal
protectionstwo years earlier, and the 1968 Fair Housing Act was
about to become law.
African-Americans were only beginning to move into
neighborhoods, colleges and careers once reserved for whites
only.
* ⚓ Lyft_Makes_Largest_Donation_in_Massachusetts_History_to_Keep_Drivers
Down⠀⇛
As Massachusetts becomes the latest battleground state in the
fight for gig worker rights, advocates on Wednesday accused
Lyft of attempting to purchase a law by giving over $14 million
to a committee pushing a ballot initiative to prevent app-based
drivers from being classified as employees.
“Remember when gig corporations bought a law in California for
$200 million? They’re at it again––this time, in
Massachusetts.”
* ⚓ Blaming_the_Victims—Not_the_System—for_Bronx_Fire_Deaths⠀⇛
Was it the space heater on the third floor? The open door on
the 15th floor? The faulty fire alarms that went off
frequently? The nonexistent sprinkler system? Colonel Mustard
with the candlestick in the library?
* ⚓ The_Hydra_of_Our_Day⠀⇛
To begin with pizza is to begin with the Hydra of our day. In
2011 the comrades of Tahrir Square sent the comrades of
Zuccotti Park not only a slice or two, but a whole pie. Cairo
and New York, great cities with vast proletarian resources,
joined at last. Signifying the world to come. Long the bread
basket in the world that’s passed, its grains now making the
dough rising and spinning in nourishing outreach across seas
and oceans. Grains from the Nile, tomatoes from the Americas,
fighting proletarians laughing with each other in the creative
joy that surprises amidst the grief and misery of
neoliberalism.
Yet the ideas and the inspiration of protesters in Tahrir
Square had arrived before the pizza, by various means and
circuits, from Cairo to New York. Occupiers in Zuccotti Park
held signs that read “We are all Khaled Said,” whose brutal
murder at the hands of police had fired the movement from below
in Cairo. More solidarity arrived in late October 2011 in the
persons and voices of Egyptian activists Asmaa Mahfouz and
Ahmed Maher, who led a protest march down the streets of lower
Manhattan in which the occupiers chanted “Al shaab yurid isqat
Wall Street.”
* ⚓ Florida_Bill_Would_Ban_History_Lessons_That_Cause_White_Students
“Discomfort”⠀⇛
* ⚓ Race_Relations_and_the_Natures_of_Our_Beasts⠀⇛
We will once again remember everything that MLK stood for — his
dream of world domination by peace, brothers in arms linked to
arms — and forget that the FBI once tried to torment him into
suicide, and that, whatever he stood for on that Memphis
balcony that fateful night, loads of salty crackers had a
hoedown in the backwoods, way back where the still waters run
deep. There’ll be no talk of Malcolm. No talk of the white
devil at the crossroads who goes by the name of Pred Lending.
And on Washington’s Birthday — now known as President’s Day —
an apt change in recognition of the homogeneity and
pasteurization of the vanilla milkshake handed out every four
years — nicknamed the Lesser of Two Evils — you’re forced to
drink, if white, and forced away from drinking by whites, if
you’re Black, as if you were trying to imbibe the
transubstantial blood and bread without confession or even
conversion, jumpin’ like a Calaveras County leapfrog to the
head of the line, all because you suffered longer. Boo-fuckin-
hoo, they seem to cry, before they be-bop you blue again,
fascist men in tights wearing George Floyd tees — beat you over
the head with redacted copies of Huckleberry Finn.
* ⚓ Faith_Leaders,_Rights_Groups_to_Biden:_End_Immigration_Detention⠀⇛
In a letter delivered to the White House on Wednesday, a
coalition of 900 faith leaders and dozens of immigrant rights
groups denounced President Joe Biden for expanding the use of
immigrant detention and urged his administration to immediately
invest in community-based alternatives and improve access to
asylum.
“We know effective community-based alternatives to detention
exist.”
* ⚓ The_Decline_of_Unions_and_the_Ongoing_Struggle_for_Workers’_Rights⠀⇛
Even so, William Scheuerman argues in this new, groundbreaking
book, U.S. unions are in deep trouble and, acting alone, they
“cannot deliver a resurgent labor movement.”
Scheuerman is well-qualified to deal with labor issues for, in
addition to his academic credentials as professor emeritus of
political science at SUNY/Oswego, he served as president of
United University Professions (the largest higher education
union in the United States) for 14 years and as president of
the AFL-CIO’s National Labor College for another two.
* ⚓ In_South_Africa_as_in_Palestine:_Why_We_Must_Protect_the_Legacy_of
Desmond_Tutu⠀⇛
Like other freedom and justice icons, Tutu did not merely coin
the kind of language that helped many around the world rise in
solidarity with the oppressed people of South Africa, who
fought a most inspiring and costly war against colonialism,
racism and apartheid. He was a leader, a fighter and a true
engaged intellectual.
It is quite convenient for many in corporate media to forget
all of this about Tutu, the same way they deliberately rewrote
the story of Nelson Mandela, as if the leader of South Africa’s
anti-apartheid movement was a pacifist, not a true warrior, in
word and deed. Tutu is also depicted by some in the media as if
he was merely a quotable man who helped in the ‘healing’ of the
nation after the formal end of apartheid.
* ⚓ Angela_Davis_on_Reissue_of_Her_1974_Autobiography,_Her_Editor_Toni
Morrison,_Internationalism_&_More⠀⇛
Activist and scholar Angela Davis has released a new edition of
her 1974 autobiography, first published and edited by Toni
Morrison nearly 50 years ago. The book details Davis’s
remarkable early life, from growing up in a section of
Birmingham, Alabama, known as Dynamite Hill due to the
frequency of bombings by the Ku Klux Klan, to her work with the
Black Panther Party and the U.S. Communist Party. It also
follows her 16-month incarceration, during which she faced the
death penalty and was eventually acquitted on all charges,
which influenced Davis’s focus thereafter on transforming the
criminal justice system and building a movement for abolition.
The edition includes a new introduction, which links the racial
justice uprisings and events of the past decade to her lifelong
learnings and work. “What struck me was how much has changed,”
says Davis, on her process of publishing the new edition. “Both
how much has changed and how little has changed.”
* ⚓ Scholars_Angela_Davis,_Gina_Dent_&_Beth_Richie_on_Why_the_World_Needs
“Abolition._Feminism._Now.”⠀⇛
Abolitionist scholars Angela Davis, Beth Richie and Gina Dent
discuss their new book, published Tuesday, titled “Abolition.
Feminism. Now.” As abolition becomes increasingly mainstream
following the racial justice uprisings of 2020, they argue
feminism is at the root of the politics and practice of
abolition, which they define as the elimination of carceral and
interpersonal gender-based violence paired with social
investments in more “opportunities for freedom” and safety
within communities. The book, which was also co-authored by
scholar and activist Erica Meiners, highlights feminist
histories — particularly from queer, grassroots and women of
color — that have been erased but are central to the movement.
“We want to be able to imagine a world in which that violence
has been reduced and eventually eradicated,” says Davis.
“Abolition feminism is the perspective that allows us to move
in that direction.”
* ⚓ Women_barred_from_front_seat_of_trucks_in_Ugandan_city⠀⇛
A traders association in northern Uganda has banned women from
riding up front in trucks after deciding that short skirts and
bare thighs could be distracting drivers and causing accidents.
The order handed down in Lira city prohibits drivers from
permitting “even their wives” in the front cabin of lorries.
An association representing local traders and vendors said the
decision banning female passengers was made in the name of
safety.
* ⚓ Three_Police_Officers_Charged_in_Fatal_Shooting_of_Child_Outside
Football_Game⠀⇛
Three Pennsylvania police officers have been charged with
manslaughter in the fatal shooting of an 8-year-old girl
outside a high school football game in August during which they
fired a barrage of bullets after two teenagers began shooting,
the authorities said.
* ⚓ The_CEO_who_fired_900_employees_over_Zoom_is_coming_back⠀⇛
The CEO of Better.com, best known for firing 900 employees over
Zoom just before Christmas, is coming back to work.
Vishal Garg is returning to his “full-time duties” as CEO,
according to a letter sent to employees Tuesday from the
company’s board of directors. The letter noted that Garg used a
leave of absence to “reflect on his leadership, reconnect with
the values that make Better great and work closely with an
executive coach.”
* ⚓ Linktree_Is_Kicking_Many_Sex_Workers_Off_Its_Site⠀⇛
Multiple sex workers are reporting on social media that
Linktree has banned them from the platform overnight.
Linktree is a service that allows users to organize links to
all of their social media accounts and platforms in one place.
There are a lot of sites that offer the same service, but
Linktree is one of the most popular.
§ Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
* ⚓ Senegal_must_keep_the_internet_accessible_during_elections⠀⇛
Senegal safeguarded access to free, open, and secure internet
and digital platforms during the country’s 2019 presidential
elections, and today, the #KeepItOn coalition is urging
authorities to uphold this legacy, and keep the population
connected throughout local elections on January 23.
“Senegal has shown the region how the internet can promote
democracy and encourage civic participation during elections,”
said Felicia Anthonio, Campaigner and #KeepItOn Lead at Access
Now. “As the country heads to vote on January 23, we know
authorities will prioritize freedom of expression, access to
information, and avenues for communication through secure,
accessible internet.”
§ Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
* ⚓ John_Deere_Hit_With_Class_Action_Lawsuit_for_Alleged_Tractor_Repair
Monopoly⠀⇛
A class action lawsuit filed in Chicago has accused John Deere
of running an illegal repair monopoly. The lawsuit alleged that
John Deere has used software locks and restricted access to
repair documentation and tools, making it very difficult for
farmers to fix their own agricultural equipment, a problem that
Motherboard has documented for years and that lawmakers, the
FTC, and even the Biden administration have acknowledged.
§ Monopolies⠀➾
* ⚓ States’_3rd_Amended_Antitrust_Complaint_Against_Google_Looks_A_Lot_More
Damning⠀⇛
There are lots of different antitrust actions currently ongoing
against Facebook and Google, with varying degrees of quality.
From the beginning, the strongest one has been the lawsuit a
bunch of states — lead by Texas — filed against Google. When it
was filed, I noted that there were sections that were heavily
redacted which had the potential to be pretty damning, but the
redactions made it hard to tell. I also found some of the non-
redacted bits questionable, as they suggested a complete
misunderstanding of some aspects of the technology. Last
Friday, Texas filed its third attempt at a complaint and it
reveals a lot more about the stuff that was redacted in the
earlier filings — and I’ll now say that this is the most
serious, and the most damning, of all the antitrust lawsuits
out there. How Google responds to the lawsuit will be extremely
interesting and worth watching. Given the errors in the
original filing, it’s possible that there are errors here too,
but if what Texas is alleging in this latest version of the
lawsuit are accurate, then Google should be in trouble.
* ⚓ What’s_Really_Behind_the_Microsoft-Activision_Deal⠀⇛
The problem holding back the metaverse right now is that tech
giants haven’t been able to create a virtual space that is
preferable to the real world to a critical mass of people .
Despite the “opportunity” Covid and quarantines have created,
most people are choosing to remain their real selves rather
than digital representations. Most people want to go back out
in public to a concert or show or bar, not experience one
virtually while alone at home. Facebook (or Meta or Russian
Troll Farm Simulator or whatever they’re calling themselves
these days) is stuck merely talking about the metaverse,
instead of profiting off it, because it has yet to devise a way
to entice grandmas to create and maintain digital avatars just
so they can share photos of the grandkids and spread vaccine
misinformation.
But Activision-Blizzard has already cracked the code on getting
people to care about how they appear in online virtual spaces.
Video games can provide the structured virtual activity that
people do want to sit at home and experience while
“interacting” with their friends. A company can bootstrap all
sorts of metaverse-style transactions around the shared virtual
experience of an online video game.
* ⚓ Microsoft_muscles_in_on_first_wave_of_the_metaverse⠀⇛
US tech giant Microsoft’s $69 billion purchase of Activision
this week rocked the video game sector, but the deal may come
to be remembered as the moment the metaverse went mainstream.
The metaverse is theoretically the future of the [Internet], a
3D virtual world where people will be able to interact using
sensors, lenses and other gadgets.
But the metaverse does not yet exist and Microsoft’s use of the
term to help explain the splurge did not go unquestioned.
* § Copyrights⠀➾
o ⚓ The_Holkham_Bible_Picture_Book_(ca._1330)_–_The_Public_Domain
Review⠀⇛
This “Bible” selectively illustrates the Old and New
Testaments, taking us from Genesis to Revelation in a
series of 231 beautifully executed miniatures.
o ⚓ In_the_Internet_Age,_Copyright_Law_Does_Far_More_Than_Antitrust
to_Shape_Competition⠀⇛
There has been a notable, and long overdue flurry, of
antitrust actions targeting Big Tech, launched by users,
entrepreneurs, and governments alike. And in the US and
abroad, policymakers are working to revamp our antitrust
laws so they can be more effective at promoting user
choice.
These are positive developments, but this renewed focus
on antitrust risks losing sight of another powerful legal
lever: copyright. Because there’s copyrighted software in
every digital device and online service we use, and
because the internet is essentially a giant machine for
copying digital data, copyright law is a major force that
shapes technology and how we use it. That gives copyright
law an enormous role in enabling or impeding competition.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a case in
point. It contains two main sections that have been
controversial since they went into effect in 2000. The
“anti-circumvention” provisions (sections 1201 et seq. of
the Copyright Act) bar circumvention of access controls
and technical protection measures. The “safe harbor”
provisions (section 512) protect service providers who
meet certain conditions from monetary damages for the
infringing activities of their users and other third
parties on the net.
o ⚓ 10_Years_Ago_the_Feds_Shut_Down_Megaupload⠀⇛
A decade has passed since Megaupload’s servers were
raided on behalf of the U.S. Government. On the same day,
helicopters and police swarmed the estate of founder Kim
Dotcom. The criminal enforcement action was supposed to
put the larger-than-life Internet entrepreneur in the
shadows, but the opposite happened.
o ⚓ OpenSubtitles_Hacked,_7_Million_Subscribers’_Details_Leaked
Online⠀⇛
OpenSubtitles, one of the largest repositories of
subtitle files on the internet, has been hacked. Founded
in 2006, the site was reportedly hacked in August 2021
with the attacker obtaining the personal data of nearly
seven million subscribers including email and IP
addresses, usernames and passwords. The site alerted
users yesterday after the hacker leaked the database
online.
o ⚓ Demanding_Progress:_From_Aaron_Swartz_To_SOPA_And_Beyond⠀⇛
It’s a great irony — and an awkward thing to admit — that
I’m not sure if the organization of which I’m executive
director, Demand Progress, would exist but for SOPA and
PIPA (or really their progenitor, COICA).
o ⚓ SOPA_Didn’t_Die._It’s_Just_Lying_In_Wait.⠀⇛
It would be nice if the public interest community and
internet advocates won the SOPA fight because we had the
best arguments. Instead, the bill died because of an
overwhelming display of popular opposition. Americans
from all walks of life urged Congress to reject the
bill—and legislators listened.
o ⚓ PUBG_Corp._At_It_Again:_Sues_Garena,_Apple,_And_Google_For
Copyright_Infringement_Over_‘Free_Fire’_App⠀⇛
It’s funny sometimes how quickly a company can go from
being known for making a great product to being known for
being a litigious intellectual property bully. And if
that doesn’t accurately describe the heel-turn pulled off
by the folks behind PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds, then I
don’t know what does. To be clear, PUBG, as it’s lovingly
referred to, was a groundbreaking video game. While the
game didn’t invent the battle royale concept, it
certainly ushered that genre into an era. And just like
any breakthrough genres suddenly having success, that
means others are going to start trying their own hands at
the genre. While plenty of other entrants have gotten
into the battle royale game, PUBG has fought battles with
several of them, most notably Epic’s Fortnite title.
o ⚓ Join_Our_Game_Jam_In_An_Hour_With_The_Help_Of_Story_Synth⠀⇛
Gaming Like It’s 1926: The Public Domain Game Jam
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 5603
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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 01.20.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_20/1/2022:_‘Pluton’_Pushback_and_Red_Hat_Satellite_6.10.2⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 5:26 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ Microsoft’s_Pluton_will_be_shut_off_by_default_•_The
Register⠀⇛
PCs coming this year with Microsoft’s integrated
Pluton security chip won’t be locked down to
Windows 11, and users will have the option to
install Linux and turn off the feature completely.
The first PCs with Pluton chips and Windows 11 PCs
were shown at CES earlier this month. Major PC chip
makers, including Intel, AMD and Qualcomm are
embedding the Pluton processor inside processors as
a secure hardware layer to protect PCs.
But Microsoft’s invasion at the hardware level has
some users – especially in the open-source
community – on high alert. The concern relates to
the chip being a proprietary backdoor for Microsoft
to take control of PCs and tying the hardware
closely to Windows 11.
AMD integrated Microsoft’s Pluton in Ryzen 6000
chips, which were introduced at CES earlier this
month. AMD’s goal is to bring better security to
PCs, but users can disable Pluton.
“AMD respects user choice and, as is typical with
many other security technologies, we provide the
ability for a user to enable or disable Pluton
based on their preferences in our reference BIOS,”
an AMD spokeswoman told The Register.
Pluton is a Windows security technology, but it
does not restrict Linux installation, the
spokeswoman said.
# ⚓ Can_Linux_steal_the_desktop_PC_crown_from_Windows?_Experts
weigh_in.⠀⇛
“The year of Linux” kind of, sort of comes every
year, wherein a few more people give it a try, and
enthusiasts continue to love it. It’s an OS that’s
gotten better for gaming and one that’s made such
an imprint on Windows Central that not all of us
even bother much with Windows anymore.
Heck, Germany (part of it, to be specific) is
taking another stab at ditching Windows for Linux.
Many tiny pieces of the global pie are abandoning
Windows in favor of the freedom of Linux and the
cost-cutting benefits it entails. The question is,
regardless of merit, does it stand any sort of
chance of eclipsing Windows’ PC market share in the
short term or long term?
That is the tantalizing question at the kernelled
core of the great Linux debate, and it’s the one we
reached out to analysts to hear their thoughts on.
# ⚓ Building_A_Silent_Linux_Desktop_For_2022_With_The_Streacom
DB4_Review_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
The long time Phoronix reader, with an excellent
long-term memory, may remember an odd article from
back in August 2017 on buying a passively cooled
computer. It tells the tale of the consumer who
decided to buy a rather niche, fanless, therefore
passively cooled computer.
Well, that was been my computer for four and a half
years. Even though the I7-7700T the article
portrayed has served me well. It did start to show
age a little. Especially as of late, it will
sometimes spontaneously reboot. It does so very
rarely, without prior warning and seemingly
unprovoked. Its a bit of a nuisance.
While I wrote that article in 2017 I had also come
to learn of the existence of the Streacom DB4 The
DB4, of all computer cases that allow for their
innards to be passively cooled, has since always
been the proverbial unattainable love to me:
Stunning, exciting, exclusive and she knows it.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ A_Desktop_Environment_For_The_Web_Browser?!?!_–_Invidious⠀⇛
Have you ever wanted to do everything inside of the
web browser, well imagine if you have an entire
desktop environment inside of your web browser,
well that’s DaedelOS
# ⚓ Linux_Action_News_224⠀⇛
We explain SUSE Liberty Linux and contemplate why
the community seems to be selecting distributions
with newer kernels.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ Kernel_5.16:_A_new_release_for_a_new_year⠀⇛
What’s more refreshing than a new kernel release to
start a new year? 2021 was a year with all sorts of
challenges, from fighting the pandemic to deep
diving complex technical problems. In case you
missed it, have a look at our Year in Review for a
summary of the accomplishments made by our kernel
team over the last year.
With kernel 5.16 made available earlier this month,
the community has once again produced a release
full of great features, like improving memory
management performance via folio’s API and better
scheduler awareness of CPU topologies that share
L2/L3 caches. You can read more about these, and
other highlights, over at LWN (part1, part2) and at
Kernel Newbies.
More importantly, this latest release sees the
culmination of two projects that had been in
development for some time by our kernel team.
Collaborans contributed both the new futex syscall
and the new fanotify event, two new APIs which took
long hours of research and cooperation with the
kernel development community to come to fruition.
It’s great to see the hard work of our kernel
experts paying off!
# ⚓ AMD_Preps_for_Zen_4:_Different_Types_of_Cores_Now_Supported
in_Linux_|_Tom’s_Hardware⠀⇛
Perhaps, a more intriguing innovation is a new
Scalable Machine Check Architecture (SMCA) of some
future AMD platforms that could use different types
of SMCA and therefore cores.
“Future AMD systems will have different bank type
layouts between logical CPUs,” wrote Yazen Ghannam,
an AMD engineer. “So having a single system-wide
cache of the layout won’t be correct. […] Patch 1
adds new bank types and error descriptions used in
future AMD systems. Patch 2 adjusts how SMCA bank
information is cached.”
So far, AMD has not announced a single hybrid
processor that integrates different types of cores,
though the company has never completely excluded
such a possibility. Since AMD will have Zen 4 and
Zen 4C cores next year, perhaps this is the time
when the company might consider a CPU with both big
and smaller cores. Alternatively, a new SMCA may
indicate that Zen 4C will have a different machine
check architecture than other Zen cores, which is
why AMD needs to implement its support into Linux.
# § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ Zink_4ever⠀⇛
After weeks of hunting for the latest rumors
of jekstrand’s future job prospects, I’ve
finally done it: zink now supports more
extensions than any other OpenGL driver in
Mesa.
That’s right.
Check it on mesamatrix if you don’t believe
me.
A couple days ago I merged support for the
external memory extensions that I’d been
putting off, and today we got sparse textures
thanks to Qiang Yu at AMD doing 99% of the
work to plumb the extensions through the rest
of Mesa.
There’s even another sparse texture
extension, which I’ve already landed all the
support for in zink, that should be enabled
for the upcoming release.
# ⚓ Zink_OpenGL-on-Vulkan_Now_Offers_Broader_OpenGL
Coverage_Than_RadeonSI,_Intel_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
When it comes to OpenGL extension support,
the Zink generic OpenGL-on-Vulkan
implementation now has as robust coverage as
core Mesa offers and what is implemented by
the LLVMpipe software driver, RadeonSI
Gallium3D, and the Intel i965 drivers.
Zink has already offered OpenGL 4.6 support
but now after recently adding some additional
extensions that aren’t mandated by version
4.6, it is now on-par with the other drivers
for the raw number of extensions exposed and
exceeds the other drivers for non-core
extensions.
Zink along with core Mesa / LLVMpipe /
RadeonSI / i965 are at 160 extensions exposed
while being the set of open-source drivers
supporting OpenGL 4.6.
# ⚓ Radeon_AOMP_14.0-1_Released_Along_WIth_New_GPUOpen
Tool_Updates_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
A handful of new AMD Radeon open-source GPU
sofware releases were made today for
developers.
First up, AOMP 14.0-1 is out. AOMP is AMD’s
downstream of LLVM/Clang targeting OpenMP
offloading for Radeon GPUs. AOMP is one of
several downstreams maintained at AMD and
this one is all about carrying the latest
Radeon OpenMP GPU offloading work until it is
all upstreamed — or in other cases, patches
that are experimental or not applicable for
upstreaming.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Top_10_file_and_disk_encryption_tools_for_Linux_|_FOSS
Linux⠀⇛
Data security and privacy have never been more
critical for individuals, businesses, and
organizations. However, there is no one-fit-all
solution for data privacy. One solution is to
encrypt your data, files, or disk drive.
Our article by Pulkit Chandak demonstrates some of
the best ways to encrypt files in Linux. It
illustrates reliable ways to encrypt files using
GnuPG, ccrypt, 7-zip, VeraCrypt, and Tails OS. This
article highlights more open source tools to create
file vaults and encrypt and decrypt disk drives. It
will also demonstrate how to create an encrypted
file vault in a scenario where you do not want to
encrypt your entire disk drive.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ How_to_find_duplicate_text_in_files_with_the_uniq_command
on_Linux⠀⇛
You must have dealt with text files containing
duplicate lines and words. The uniq tool is your
best chance in Ubuntu where text files and
redundant information are involved.
In Ubuntu, the uniq command is used to show
duplicate lines in a text file. If you wish to
eliminate identical words or lines from a text
file, this command can assist. Because the uniq
command looks for unnecessary copies by matching
neighbouring lines, it can only be used with sorted
text files.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to remove
duplicate text from text files using the uniq
command. You will also learn the full capabilities
and options that the uniq command provides.
# ⚓ How_to_Enable_Basic_Authentication_on_ELK_Stack_–
kifarunix.com⠀⇛
In this tutorial, you will learn how to enable
basic authentication on ELK stack. Elastic/ELK
stack supports user authentication. This enables it
to restrict access to various resources within the
cluster. To access these resources when
authentication is enabled, a user has to prove
their identity using username/passwords or other
forms of identity depending on the authentication
realm enabled.
# ⚓ How_to_install_collectd_and_send_metrics_to_Graphite/
Statsd⠀⇛
Collectd is a daemon which collects system and
application performance metrics periodically and
provides mechanisms to store the values in a
variety of ways, in our case sending to Graphite.
Collectd gathers metrics from various sources, e.g.
the operating system, applications, log files and
external devices, and stores this information or
makes it available over the network. Those
statistics can be used to monitor systems, find
performance bottlenecks (i.e. performance analysis)
and predict future system load (i.e. capacity
planning). Or if you just want pretty graphs of
your private server and are fed up with some
homegrown solution you’re at the right place, too.
# ⚓ How_to_Setup_Promtail,_Grafana_and_Loki_for_free_Log
Management_in_Debian_11⠀⇛
Grafana Loki is an open source log aggregation tool
provided by the Grafana Labs. It is a horizontally
scalable, highly available, multi-tenant log
aggregation system inspired by Prometheus. It is
designed to be very cost effective and easy to
operate. It does not index the contents of the
logs, but rather a set of labels for each log
stream. This reduces the workload of processing and
storing logs.
Promtail is Loki’s log collector, which sends log
tags to Grafana Loki for indexing.
# ⚓ How_to_Setup_Central_Logging_Server_with_Rsyslog_in_Ubuntu
20.04_–_Citizix⠀⇛
Rsyslog is an open-source software utility used on
UNIX and Unix-like computer systems for forwarding
log messages in an IP network. It is an open-source
utility for log processing. It permits the logging
of data from different types of systems in a
central repository. Rsyslog is a Syslog protocol
with more extensions, features, and benefits.
Rsyslog can deliver over one million messages per
second to local destinations when limited
processing is applied making it so powerful. By
default, Linux uses the syslog daemon to record
logs about how the system is running and then
putting these logs into a central repository in: /
var/log where we can examine and investigate them.
In simple terms of meaning everything from kernel
events to user actions is logged by Linux, allowing
you to see al most any action performed on your pc
or servers.
# ⚓ »_so_ext4_is_good_for_notebooks_&_desktops_&_workstations,
zfs_is_better_on_servers?_|_dwaves.de⠀⇛
so, ext4 is good for notebooks & desktops &
workstations (that do regular backups on a
separate, external, then disconnected medium)
is zfs “better” on/for servers?
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Redmine_Project_Management_Software_on_Rocky
Linux_8⠀⇛
Redmine is a free and open-source project
management software and issue tracking tool. It is
written using the Ruby on Rails framework and can
be integrated with various version control systems.
It includes a repository browser and diff viewer.
It can be used to manage projects features per
project wikis and forums, time tracking and role-
based access control. It is cross-platform, cross-
database and supports 49 languages.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to install
Redmine on a Rocky Linux 8 based server.
# ⚓ A_Guide_to_Non-Alphanumeric_Characters⠀⇛
Alphanumeric is a description of characters that is
both letters and numbers. Typically you will see
this term when setting a username on a website or
elsewhere- when there is a restriction around the
characters you are able to use. ‘1ffcs3rf1a’ is an
example of a an alphanumeric string.
# ⚓ How_to_install_the_Vivaldi_Browser_on_Elementary_OS_6.0_–
Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, we are looking at how to install the
Vivaldi Browser on Elementary OS 6.0.
# ⚓ How_to_Add_Application_Shortcuts_to_the_Ubuntu_Desktop⠀⇛
Having app shortcuts on your desktop significantly
decreases the time it takes to launch an app.
Here’s how to add desktop shortcuts on Ubuntu.
Unlike Windows, Ubuntu doesn’t automatically add
desktop shortcuts for the apps you install. While
this might not cause problems for experienced Linux
users, those who come from Windows can find this
behavior strange, provoking them to switch back to
their old OS. After all, who wouldn’t want the
convenience of launching their apps directly from
the desktop—that’s what a desktop is for!
In this guide, you’ll learn how to create and add
application shortcuts to the Ubuntu desktop. Let’s
delve right into it.
# ⚓ How_to_install_BASTON_by_Txori_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
Today we are looking at how to install BASTON by
Txori on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/
audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the
process step by step and use the commands below.
# ⚓ Solve_network_fragmentation_with_MTU⠀⇛
During the implementation of OpenStack workloads, a
common issue is fragmentation throughout the
network, causing unforeseen performance issues.
Fragmentation is normally difficult to address
because networks can get complex, so the path of
packets can be hard to trace or predict.
# ⚓ Easy_Way_to_Install_Prime_OS_2.0_on_Ubuntu!⠀⇛
Prime OS is an Android operating system for the
desktop that you can use for video editing, games
or other purposes. Currently, Prime OS version 2.01
which uses android 11, has been released in Beta. I
feel that this OS Update is experiencing a lot of
development.
# ⚓ How_to_install_GhostBSD_22.01.12_–_Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, I am going to show how to install
GhostBSD 22.01.12.
# ⚓ How_to_Encrypt_Your_Files_in_the_Cloud_Using_Rclone⠀⇛
Rclone is a wonderful tool. It is a simple script
that allows you to manage your files over a number
of cloud storage providers seamlessly. It has an
intuitive command line interface and a powerful set
of features that, among other things, allow you to
migrate data from one cloud remote to the other,
combine multiple cloud remotes with one another and
transparently encrypt and decrypt data. This
article focuses on the last point.
# ⚓ How_Install_Graphite_and_Graphite-Web_on_Linux_with_docker
and_systemd⠀⇛
Graphite is a free open-source software tool that
monitors and graphs numeric time-series data such
as the performance of computer systems. Graphite
monitoring provides operations teams with
visibility on varying levels of granularity
concerning the behavior and mannerisms of the
systems and applications. This leads to error
detection, resolution, and continuous improvement.
Graphite stores numeric time-series data (metric,
value, epoch timestamp) and renders graphs of this
data on demand. A time-series is a sequence of
observations taken sequentially in time. Time
series analysis reveals trends and patterns
associated with external factors and anomalies.
With adequate graphing teams and enough time series
data, it’s even possible to intuitively forecast
future events.
# ⚓ How_to_install_filezilla_client_on_Rocky_Linux_8_|
AlmaLinux_–_Linux_Shout⠀⇛
FileZilla is a free FTP client that offers many
convenient functions and is easy to use. Although
it is popularly used on Windows systems, however
being an open-source application it is also
available for Linux systems. Here we learn the
commands to install FileZilla Client on Rocky Linux
or AlmaLinux 8.
If you already have an FTP server, for example, on
some hosting or cloud service, then easily upload
and download the files using FTP/SFTP protocol with
graphical clients such as FileZilla.
Apart from this, the FileZilla client also supports
working with multiple FTP servers and different
operating systems. FileZilla allows you to connect
to an FTP server even if you use a firewall or want
to use a proxy server. If desired, the connection
can also be secured with SSL. Aborted downloads can
also be seamlessly resumed. And if the server is
busy, you can still continue your downloads thanks
to the keep-alive system.
o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾
# ⚓ Wine_Stable_7.0_Released!_How_to_Install_in_Ubuntu_20.04_/
Linux_Mint_20⠀⇛
After a year of development, Wine, the software for
running Windows apps on Linux finally released new
stable 7.0 version with over 9,100 individual
changes.
In Wine 7.0, most modules have been converted to PE
format (Portable Executable, the Windows binary
format) instead of ELF. This helps various copy
protection schemes that check that the on-disk and
in-memory contents of system modules are identical.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ Steering_Wheel_manager_Oversteer_expands_supported_wheels
in_0.7.0_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Oversteer continues to be the best way to setup and
configure Steering Wheels on Linux. Oversteer 0.7.0
is out now and expands support for more wheels.
Since, like a lot of other special hardware, the
original manufacturer doesn’t support Linux,
community efforts like this are essential.
# ⚓ Stellaris_3.3_Unity_gets_a_Beta_available_on_Steam_|
GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Paradox Interactive are gearing up ready for the
next major update to their space strategy game
Stellaris. A new opt-in Beta is available for the
3.3 Unity update.
There’s still plenty of work to be done to finish
the update with it still in active development,
however this is your time to get in early and see
what’s new and report any issues. Currently some
new localization strings are only in English and
there’s some placeholders but there’s a lot of new
features and reworks.
# ⚓ Kitsune_Tails_gets_an_all-star_voice_cast_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Kitsune Tails is an upcoming LGBTQ-focused retro
story platformer from Kitsune Games and MidBoss,
LLC. that’s due out later this year. Looks great
for platformer fans and it’s going to have quite
the voice cast.
There’s what seems like a nice big mix of people
getting involved with Kira Buckland (the voice of
iconic NiEr: Automata protagonist 2B, Street
Fighter V’s Falke, and JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure:
Stone Ocean’s Jolynne Cujoh) plus Angela Tran
(Genshin Impact, Lake, Summer in Mara), Katlyn
Dannes (The Homework’s Revenge: Esther in
Wonderland and Square Roots), Brent Mukai (Ratchet
and Clank: Rift Apart, Pokemon Masters) and more.
o § Distributions⠀➾
# § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾
# ⚓ Red_Hat_Satellite_6.10.2_has_been_released⠀⇛
We are pleased to announce that Red Hat
Satellite 6.10.2 is generally available as of
January 19, 2022.
Red Hat Satellite is part of the Red Hat
Smart Management subscription that makes it
easier for enterprises to manage patching,
provisioning, and subscription management of
Red Hat Enterprise Linux infrastructure.
# ⚓ How_to_install_Red_Hat_Satellite⠀⇛
Red Hat Satellite is a powerful content
management and provisioning tool that you can
add to any Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
subscription with the addition of a Smart
Management subscription. With Red Hat
Satellite you can curate specific content
across multiple lifecycle environments
throughout your entire RHEL environment
whether it is on-prem, in the cloud or
hybrid. In fact you can use Red Hat Satellite
with your market-place instances of RHEL.
In this multi-part tutorial we will cover how
to provision RHEL VMs to a vSphere
environment from Red Hat Satellite. We will
focus on provisioning RHEL 8.3 VMs in one
lifecycle environment, but you can easily
adapt what you learn here to provision other
RHEL versions.
In part 1, I’m documenting the steps for a
simple “lab” install of Satellite 6.9. The
purpose of this setup is to give you a quick
hands-on experience with Satellite. The lab
infrastructure is deployed to a small vSphere
6.7 lab environment with three EXSi servers
that have internet access for the
installation.
# ⚓ Fedora_Server_36_Could_Make_It_Easier_To_Manage_NFS_&
Samba_File_Sharing_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
Red Hat with the Fedora community have been
working for years now to make Cockpit very
capable for a web-based interface for
administering Linux servers. In addition to
this year working on shifting their Anaconda
installer to a web-based interface that makes
use of Cockpit, from this web management
portal they are wanting to make it easier to
setup file sharing with NFS and Samba.
A Fedora 36 change proposal has been
submitted to ship a new Cockpit module to
make file sharing with Samba and NFS easier.
This new module would provide a graphical web
interface for provisioning and maintenance of
NFS and Samba shares that can complement the
existing command-line based controls for NFS
and Samba servers.
# ⚓ Emma_Kidney:_Fedora_IoT_Web_Page_–_Initial_Ideas⠀⇛
Just an update on what I’ve been working on
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈ Click through to see
my process and progress starting to create a
web page mock-up for Fedora IoT as part of
the Fedora Website Revamp!
As part of the Fedora Website Revamp, I got
tasked with creating a mock-up of the Fedora
IoT web page. I reference the Fedora IoT logo
a lot here. I was unable to locate high
quality SVGs, so I just made some quick
vectors as placeholders.
# § Debian Family⠀➾
# ⚓ I’m_Thinking_About_You_Right_Now!⠀⇛
My sole role at Debian alongside my teammate,
aided by our mentors, is to facilitate the
Node.js 16 and Webpack 5 Transitioning. What
exactly does that mean?
Node.js 16, as of the time of this writing,
is the active LTS release from the Node.js
developers while Webpack 5 is also the
current release from the Webpack developers.
At Debian we have to work towards supporting
these packages. Debian as an OS comes with a
package manager coined Advanced Package Tool
or simply APT on which command-line programs
specific to Debian and it’s many-flavored
distributions, apt, apt-get, apt-cache are
based. This means before the conception of
yarn and npm, the typical JavaScript
developer’s package managers, apt has been.
Debian unlike yarn and npm, ideally only
supports one version of a software at any
point in time and on edge cases may have to
support an extra one as noted in this chat
between my mentor and a member.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Running_OpenWRT_x86_in_qemu⠀⇛
Sometimes it’s nice for testing purpose to have the
OpenWRT userland available locally. Since there is
an x86 build available one can just run it within
qemu.
# ⚓ Tiger_Lake-U_system_offers_2.5GbE_and_dual_GbE_with_PoE⠀⇛
Arbor’s fanless, rugged “ARES-1980” runs Ubuntu or
Win 10 on Intel’s 11th Gen U-series CPUs with up to
64GB DDR4, 2.5-inch SATA, triple display support,
2.5GbE, 2x GbE with PoE, 4x USB 3.2 Gen2, 4x
serial, DIO, 2x M.2, and mini-PCIe.
Arbor has launched a rugged, 210 x 180 x 60mm ARES-
1980 embedded PC designed for industrial and in-
vehicle applications. The system, which follows
earlier ARES-branded Arbor computers such as the
Apollo Lake based ARES-5310, runs Ubuntu 20.04 or
Windows 10 IoT on Intel’s 11th Gen Tiger Lake-
U processors.
# § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Learn_about_these_HIDDEN_settings_in_your_smartphone
using_Android_secret_codes⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_To_Snooze_Notifications_On_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Google_Camera_randomly_changes_some_QR_code_URLs_on
Android_12⠀⇛
# ⚓ 24_advanced_tips_for_Android_12_|_Computerworld⠀⇛
o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Google_Open_Source_Programs_Office:_The_business_impact_of
open_source⠀⇛
Amanda Casari is an open source scientist with the
Google Open Source Programs Office where she leads
Google’s research and engineering work with Project
OCEAN. Open source programs offices (OSPOs) are
established in organizations as a means to
centralize policies, strategies, and guidance, and
to ensure common practices across complex teams
working on open source projects. Amanda offers some
structure for any organization working with open
source that is considering starting an OSPO of
their own.
# § Web Browsers⠀➾
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ Mozilla_Privacy_Blog:_European_Parliament
green-lights_crucial_new_rulebook_for_Big_Tech⠀⇛
Today the European Parliament adopted
its report on the draft Digital
Services Act, the EU’s flagship
proposal to improve internet health.
Today’s vote is a crucial procedural
step on the road to bringing the draft
rules to reality, and we commend
Members of Parliament for their
efforts.
# § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾
# ⚓ LibreOffice_developer_community_–_LibreOffice
Development_Blog⠀⇛
Do you want to contribute to the LibreOffice
development, but you don’t know enough about
the LiberOffice code internals? Do you want
to enhance the application or fix a bug in
LibreOffice, but you don’t know how to do
that? LibreOffice developer community can
help you not only for at the beginning, but
by helping you focus on the right aspect of
the code. Reviewers will review your code
that eventually will be part of the
LibreOffice code!
# § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾
# § Open Data⠀➾
# ⚓ Louis-Philippe_Véronneau_–_Montreal_Subway_Foot
Traffic_Data,_2021_edition⠀⇛
For the third time now, I’ve asked
Société de Transport de Montréal,
Montreal’s transit agency, for the foot
traffic data of Montreal’s subway. I
think this has become an annual thing
now 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈
# § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ ARPA2CM_released_–_some_CMake_modules_|_[bobulate]⠀⇛
One of the more broadly-useful things to come
out of KDE Frameworks efforts is, in my
opinion, the KDE Extra CMake Modules (ECM).
Since KDE software nearly-universally uses
CMake as (meta-)build system, a lot of common
functionality is distilled into the ECM. It
makes building KDE software more consistent
and generally easier. Inspired by KDE ECM,
let me present ARPA2CM, a conceptually-
similar set of CMake modules for a different
software stack.
# ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_RQuantLib_0.4.15:_Regular_Update⠀⇛
A new release 0.4.15 of RQuantLib arrived at
CRAN earlier today, and has been uploaded to
Debian as well.
QuantLib is a very comprehensice free/open-
source library for quantitative finance;
RQuantLib connects it to the R environment
and language.
The release of RQuantLib comes four months
after the previous release, and brings a
momitor update for the just-released QuantLib
1.2.5 version along with a few small cleanups
to calendars and daycounters.
# § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ Free_Ways_to_Learn_Python_Today⠀⇛
Python is one of the top programming
languages in use today, and, along with
JavaScript, it’s also considered as one
of the easiest languages to learn.
Python is a general-purpose language
that is widely used to build websites
and software, automate tasks, and
conduct data analysis, according to
Coursera. For example, data scientists
and other data professionals frequently
use Python “to conduct complex
statistical calculations, create data
visualizations, build machine learning
algorithms, manipulate and analyze
data, and complete other data-related
tasks.” Entry-level software developers
can also leverage Python skills to
improve their job prospects and earn
higher salaries.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Bringing_The_Power_Of_EDM_To_The_Home_Shop_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
When you see something made from metal that seems like it
would be impossible to manufacture, chances are good it
was made with some variety of electrical discharge
machining. EDM is the method of choice for hard-to-
machine metals, high aspect ratio hole drilling, and
precise surface finishes that let mating parts slip
together with almost zero clearance. The trouble is, EDM
is a bit fussy, and as a result hasn’t made many inroads
to the home shop.
[Action BOX] aims to change that with a DIY wire EDM
machine. In wire EDM, a fine brass wire is used as an
electrode to slowly erode metal in a dielectric bath. The
wire is consumable, and has to constantly move from a
supply spool through the workpiece and onto a takeup
spool. Most of the build shown in the video below is
concerned with the wire-handling mechanism, which is
prototyped from 3D-printed parts and a heck of a lot of
rollers and bearings. Maintaining the proper tension on
the wire is critical, so a servo-controlled brake is
fitted to the drivetrain, which itself is powered by a
closed-loop stepper. Tension is measured by a pair of
strain gauges and Arduinos, which control the position of
the shaft brake servo and the speed of the motor on the
takeup spool.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Congratulations_Winners_Of_The_555_Timer_Contest!_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
Far and away the favorite entry was the Giant 555
Timer by [Rudraksha Vegad]. Every one of our judges
rated it in the top five, and it took top honors
twice. On its face, this is a simple “giant 555 in
a box” build, but have a look under the hood. Each
sub-module that makes up the 555 — comparators,
flip-flop, and amplifier — are made from salvaged
discrete parts in actual breadboard fashion,
soldered to brass nails hammered into wood. As an
end product, it’s a nice piece of woodworking, but
as a process of creation, it’s a masterwork in
understanding the 555 at its deepest level. We
should all make one!
The Menorah555 is a simple design with some very
nice tricks up its sleeve. Perhaps the cutest of
which is pulling the central candle out and
lighting the others with it — a trick that involves
a supercapacitor and reed switches. Each of the
candle lighting circuits, however, use a 555 timer
both for its intended purpose of providing a timed
power-on reset pulse, and another 555 is used as a
simple flip-flop. It’s a slick design, and a great
user interaction.
The Cyclotone Mechanical Punk Console Sequencer is
a rotating tower of circuit sculpture and
noisemakers. This one looks great, is amazingly
well documented in the video series, and uses a
billion clever little tricks along the way. The
555’s role? Each of the four levels is the classic
Atari Punk Console circuit.
# ⚓ Remoticon_2021_//_Debra_Ansell_Connects_PCB_In_Ways_You
Didn’t_Expect_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
“LEDs improve everything.” Words to live by. Most
everything that Debra Ansell of [GeekMomProjects]
makes is bright, bold, and blinky. But if you’re
looking for a simple string of WS2812s, you’re
barking up the wrong tree. In the last few years,
Debra has been making larger and more complicated
assemblies, and that has meant diving into the
mechanical design of modular PCBs. In the process
Debra has come up with some great techniques that
you’ll be able to use in your own builds, which she
shared with us in a presentation during the 2021
Hackaday Remoticon.
# ⚓ Setup_Menu_Uses_Text_Editor_Hack_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
Many embedded devices that require a setup menu
will use a USB serial port which you connect to
your favorite terminal emulator. But we recently
encountered a generic USB knob that did setup using
a text editor, like Notepad or even Vim (although
that was a bit ugly). A company called iWit makes
several kinds of USB knobs which end up in many
such products.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ Working_overtime?_Those_extra_hours_might_not_be_hurting
your_wellbeing_after_all_–_just_don’t_tell_Jeff_Bezos_or_Jack
Ma⠀⇛
Working too hard? Is that overtime making you feel
like you’re caught in the vice-like jaws of
burnout? Well, keep on carrying on because far from
negatively impacting your well-being, it might
actually be good for you if you love your job.
Or so says research from the ESCP Business School
by Argyro Avgoustaki, an associate professor of
Management and Almudena Cañibano, an associate
professor in Human Resources Management.
The crucial distinction comes from the motivation
behind why individuals put in those extra hours:
whether it is due to an inner desire or external
pressures from the higher ups.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ Google_sours_on_G_Suite_freeloaders,_demands_fee_or
flee_•_The_Register⠀⇛
Google has served eviction notices to its
legacy G Suite squatters: the free service
will no longer be available in four months
and existing users can either pay for a
Google Workspace subscription or export their
data and take their not particularly valuable
businesses elsewhere.
“If you have the G Suite legacy free edition,
you need to upgrade to a paid Google
Workspace subscription to keep your
services,” the company said in a recently
revised support document. “The G Suite legacy
free edition will no longer be available
starting May 1, 2022.”
# § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾
# § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾
# § Linux Foundation⠀➾
# ⚓ On_DEI_Research:_Why_the_Linux
Foundation?_Why_now? [Ed: Linux
Foundation may struggle to justify
its very own existence]⠀⇛
The open source community
is working on many
simultaneous challenges,
not the least of which is
addressing vulnerabilities
in the core of our
projects, securing the
software supply chain, and
protecting it from threat
actors. At the same time,
community health is equally
as important as the
security and vitality of
software code.
We need to retain talented
people to work on complex
problems. While we work
urgently on implementing
security best practices
such as increasing SBOM
adoption to avoid another
Log4J scenario, we can’t
put the health of our
communities on the open
source back burner, either.
Our communities are
ultimately made up of
people who contribute, have
wants and needs, and have
feelings and aspirations.
So while having actionable
data and metrics on the
technical aspects of open
source projects is key to
understanding how they
evolve and mature, the
human experience within
project communities also
requires close examination.
# § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ McAfee_and_FireEye_rename_themselves_‘Trellix’
•_The_Register⠀⇛
Newly combined security outfits McAfee
and FireEye have revealed a new name:
“Trellix”.
Readers may find the name familiar, as
another tech company used the same name
in the 1990s and early 2000s when it
offered intranet and web published
tools such as Trellix Web.
# ⚓ CISA_Releases_Final_Version_of_Guidance:_IPv6
Considerations_for_TIC_3.0⠀⇛
CISA has released the final version of
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
Considerations for Trusted Internet
Connections (TIC) 3.0. This guidance
supports the federal government-wide
deployment and use of the modernized
network protocol. The final version
includes feedback provided during the
public comment period that ended in
October 2021. See the fact sheet
Response to Comments on Guidance: IPv6
Considerations for TIC 3.0 for a
comprehensive analysis of comments
received. This release is in accordance
with Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) Memorandum 21-07, which entrusts
CISA with enhancing the TIC program to
support IPv6 implementation in federal
IT systems.
# ⚓ The_price_for_software_security_and_maintainer
burnout_/_OSI_News_&_Updates [Ed: OSI fails to
note NPM is Microsoft and GitHub banned a
developer for doing what he wanted with his code.
Microsoft_is_the_‘boss’_of_OSI.]⠀⇛
The price for software security and
maintainer burnout
2022 started reminding us that software
security is a problem not only for open
source packages. At the same time, “how
to remunerate open source maintainers?”
is a question with impossibly numerous
answers: we need focus to find
different solutions for different
problems.
Lots of security issues packed in a few
weeks: December 2021 saw the Log4j
package knocked down by a nasty bug. In
January 2022 we witnessed an act of
self-sabotation by a maintainer of two
NPM packages. On New Year’s Day a bug
in Microsoft Exchange ruined the
celebrations for many system
administrators. Very different
scenarios that confirm how complex and
fragile our IT infrastructure is. With
open source software so popular,
shipped in millions of software
packages, the open source communities
risk becoming a punching bag for
problems it cannot necessarily solve.
# ⚓ ‘Now’_would_be_the_right_time_to_patch_Ubuntu
container_hosts_and_ditch_21.04_thanks_to_heap
buffer_overflow_bug⠀⇛
The CVE-2022-0185 vulnerability in
Ubuntu is severe enough that Red Hat is
also advising immediate patching.
The flaw allows a process inside a
Linux user namespace to escape, which
means it potentially affects any
machine running containers.
If you’re not running any containers,
you can just disable the user-namespace
functionality – both companies’
vulnerability descriptions describe how
to do that on their respective distros.
It affects RHEL (and derivatives) as
well as Ubuntu 20.04, 21.04 and 21.10 –
and presumably other distros, too.
So it’s possibly a good thing that
“Hirsute Hippo”, as Ubuntu 21.04 is
nicknamed, just went end of life today
(20 January 2022). If you have any
21.04 machines, it’s time to upgrade
them now. That means 21.10 “Impish
Indri” for the moment, until the next
LTS release appears in April.
# ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by
Debian (drupal7), Fedora (kernel,
libreswan, nodejs, and wireshark),
openSUSE (busybox, firefox, kernel, and
python-numpy), Oracle (gegl, gegl04,
httpd, java-17-openjdk, kernel, kernel-
container, and libreswan), Red Hat
(kernel, kernel-rt, and libreswan),
Slackware (wpa_supplicant), SUSE
(busybox, firefox, htmldoc, kernel,
kubevirt, virt-api-container, virt-
controller-container, virt-handler-
container, virt-launcher-container,
virt-operator-container, openstack-
monasca-agent, spark, spark-kit,
zookeeper, and python-numpy), and
Ubuntu (curl, linux, linux-aws, linux-
aws-5.11, linux-aws-5.4, linux-azure,
linux-azure-5.11, linux-azure-5.4,
linux-bluefield, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-
5.11, linux-gcp-5.4, linux-gke, linux-
gke-5.4, linux-gkeop, linux-gkeop-5.4,
linux-hwe-5.4, linux-ibm, linux-kvm,
linux-oem-5.10, linux-oem-5.13, linux-
oem-5.14, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-
5.11, linux-oracle-5.4, linux-raspi,
linux-raspi-5.4, openvswitch, and
qtsvg-opensource-src).
# ⚓ F5_Releases_January_2022_Quarterly_Security
Notification⠀⇛
# ⚓ Drupal_Releases_Security_Updates⠀⇛
Drupal has released security updates to
address vulnerabilities affecting
Drupal 7, 9.2, and 9.3. An attacker
could exploit these vulnerabilities to
take control of an affected system.
# ⚓ Google_Releases_Security_Updates_for_Chrome⠀⇛
Google has released Chrome version
97.0.4692.99 for Windows, Mac, and
Linux. This version addresses
vulnerabilities that an attacker could
exploit to take control of an affected
system.
# ⚓ Cisco_Releases_Security_Updates_for_Multiple
Products_|_CISA⠀⇛
Cisco has released security updates to
address vulnerabilities in multiple
Cisco products. An attacker could
exploit some of these vulnerabilities
to take control of an affected system.
For updates addressing lower severity
vulnerabilities, see the Cisco Security
Advisories page.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Journalists_Are_Under_Threat_in_El
Salvador._I_Know_Because_I_Was_Targeted⠀⇛
# ⚓ Meta_Should_Make_India_Human_Rights
Impact_Assessment_Public,_Say_Rights
Groups⠀⇛
Facebook’s India HRIA (Human
Rights Impact Assessment) report
should be made public in line
with the company’s responsibility
to respect human rights, a group
of 21 rights organisations
demanded in a letter addressed to
Miranda Simmons, Director of
Human Rights at Meta.
In November last year, the Wall
Street Journal reported that the
company had inordinately delayed
the release of the HRIA which was
commissioned more than a year
ago. External researchers who
were involved in the report had
raised concerns that Facebook was
narrowing its scope, changing
definitions, etc.
Facebook has come under increased
scrutiny, especially in India,
after whistleblowers exposed the
social media platform’s inaction
on hate speech, among other
issues.
# ⚓ Privacy_is_for_paedophiles,_UK_government
seems_to_be_saying_while_spending_£500k
demonising_online_chat_encryption⠀⇛
The British government’s PR
campaign to destroy popular
support for end-to-end encryption
on messaging platforms has kicked
off, under the handle “No Place
To Hide”, and it’s as broad as
any previous attack on the
safety-guaranteeing technology.
Reported by us well in advance
last year, the £500k campaign
aims to destroy public support
for end-to-end encryption (E2EE)
as part of a wider strategy.
That intends to make it easy for
police workers and other public-
sector snoopers to read the
public’s online conversations
without having to get prior
permission or defeat privacy
protections.
Judging by videos earnestly
distributed by organisations
supporting it, the No Place To
Hide campaign (being run by ad
agency M&C Saatchi) is much wider
than merely targeting Facebook
Messenger as was previously
thought.
o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Can_Biden_build_the_internet_back_better?_–_Access_Now⠀⇛
One year ago, during a raging pandemic in a deeply
polarized country, Joe Biden and Kamala Harris
became President and Vice President of the United
States. They were inaugurated only a few weeks
after the attack on the U.S. Capitol, which was
facilitated in part by the failure of social media
platforms to deal effectively with calls for
violent insurrection.
Since then, a lot has happened. We’ve been tracking
key digital rights developments in our 2021 U.S.
tech policy tracker, which we are now sunsetting.
The upshot: While digital rights activists and
whistleblowers like Frances Haugen turned a global
spotlight on the need to rein in Big Tech and
better protect our rights, overall the Biden-Harris
administration fell short of its promise in the
first year.
This blog walks you through the victories worth
celebrating, and what more the administration needs
to accomplish before 2024. We’re hopeful that more
digital rights wins are headed our way, especially
on issues that have global impact. We all deserve
better.
# ⚓ Unpicking_The_Hype_Around_Web_3,_What’s_The_Tech?⠀⇛
The buzzword of the moment in the frothier portions
of the technology press is inescapable: “Web 3”.
This is a collective word for a new generation of
decentralised online applications using blockchain
technologies, and it follows on from a similar
excitement in the mid-2000s surrounding so-called
“Web 2” websites that broke away from the static
pages of the early Internet.
It’s very evident reading up on Web 3, that there
is a huge quantity of hype involved in talking
about this Next Big Thing. If this were April 1st
it would be tempting to pen a lengthy piece sending
up the coverage, but here in January that just
won’t do. Instead it’s time to peer under the hype
and attempt to discern what Web 3 really is from a
technology standpoint. Sure, a Web 3 application
uses blockchain technology, often reported
breathlessly as “the Blockchain” as though there
were only one, but how? What is the real technology
beneath it all?
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