𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, December 23, 2021
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Generated Fri 24 Dec 02:40:20 GMT 2021
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈
Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔
Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕
Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/23/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order):
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QmXP9uUCLGPXq5XphWSHwKkEcNvzBUFmcGuun1rgVhDoMf
QmbcSKJZiufM2XfxxnB92wQE323m9MsiAMo5YFmwFPu8VN
QmWmC3AgPDFykej4Jpay8nnpKKVGMMEfv8MjggJ9Qw5Lm9
QmNPpiGqWGFQNEECwNKt72LSricBeH2VuxSzamtqTrESHV
QmUNbGTar72DvDUxqyAh6Jdzfvu4JHUqaTFKqWpu9P64bk
QmXFHTXDoB1z4Af36pfwwfrJcsZWK4nkbqqF2EndNyJ9YA
QmcFJuq5PVoQgjijbLaMibeRbgr4h5pFcpzBYWqLap1cNu
QmSBPP9JjsnqHFcHfShHhNsQwTc4eHz66BF5ihuBjaxpKM
QmPrW6GPykdMyQtg8txV2DXmRYjghF1TQPv6CJcwVUx6iy
QmVNVya1kBzPYdBdJekAHEpk3m857qJsnQet4QNxycPonK
QmUQmiHKq1wV1JkS2hwXEf1etD3jM43Afc68V6omxpqaCi
QmbheKKYhpyw3SvZSmHbavdgcv1PSaRtPdaQ746tgUFXbp
QmZqoL722Mk7hDJcSz2oBxydXY7S2G5r4ByHgRdKBw7dUH
QmTZSRzHEP7hwr4tL7ky23HxA9Z3tUBjQrfwYPAieSYsGe
QmRKnWzns1EsWaoxUGG5KEEhiyhSELGYVdfVqSB5Ay4qhc
QmZdVw5kGwFeXoGNexLWZDS8MJxeGKAeup4JpiAnmE946y
QmYdAKSfCu9puR3SWGWwGW19Uzo1jj4L1aYpeGqpC5FCp6
QmZP4LnsTHrznHVdokybFZafDLWJqRPKyvvberG4dVRasQ
QmfL4kPLDVa6CGiB1yXozobGCQ5fTPahv8T7hPstsxvkie
QmP2Y5UBBDqcCEECSknvoPU6WVjL4V93dQMbKj34jYv56N
╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⦿ Gemini Crawler ’Lupa’ Turns One | Techrights
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, December 22, 2021 | Techrights
⦿ The EPO’s Overseer/Overseen Collusion — Part XXXX: The Idiosyncratic Italians | Techrights
⦿ The Internet is Getting Rid of Microsoft, But We’re Still Not Getting Back Our Autonomy/Freedom (It’s a Paradigm Issue, Not a Brand Issue) | Techrights
⦿ Update Regarding Slovenia and Vojko Toman | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/gemini-crawler-lupa-turns-one/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/irc-log-221221/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/italy-epo/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/netcraft-and-gemini/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/update-re-slovenia/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/krita-5-0/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/neptune-7-0-faye-released/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 60
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/gemini-crawler-lupa-turns-one/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/23/gemini-crawler-lupa-turns-one/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Gemini_Crawler_‘Lupa’_Turns_One⠀✐
Posted in Site_News at 5:52 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Gemini_capsules_at_1870⦈_
“There are 1870 capsules. We successfully connected recently to 1527 of them.”
Summary: “During this year, the geminispace seen by Lupa went from 50,000
working URLs to 334,000 and from 415 working capsules to 1,515,” Stéphane
Bortzmeyer said
NINE days ago Stéphane_Bortzmeyer_wrote in the official mailing lists for
Gemini Protocol: “For exactly one_year, the Lupa_crawler has been crawling the
geminispace to gather_information_and_produce_statistics. During this year, the
geminispace seen by Lupa went from 50,000 working URLs to 334,000 and from 415
working capsules to 1,515. Thanks to all the people who make capsules, read
them and write software.”
As always, and as last_updated_this_morning (it’s automatic; “Last updated: Thu
23 Dec 2021 01:00:08 AM UTC”), Botond’s Gemini capsule shows persistent linear
growth. █
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Botond's_Gemini_capsule⦈_
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣍⢿⠟⠋⡟⠽⢻⢿⢛⢿⡛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠿⡿⣻⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠏⠈⠀⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡹⣡⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣴⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣾⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢑⣴⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣑⣿⡿⢯⢶⣴⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠒⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⣿⣟⠟⣨⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣒⣿⣿⣿⠿⣙⣿⡅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⣠⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣰⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⣠⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⢊⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣡⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⡝⣥⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⡻⡽⣭⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⡝⣧⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣏⢯⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢫⢻⣤⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⢻⣧⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⡝⣭⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣪⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣪⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣪⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣡⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣒⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣥⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣪⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 153
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/irc-log-221221/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/23/irc-log-221221/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_December_22,_2021⠀✐
Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:08 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-221221.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-221221.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-221221.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-221221.gmi
Over HTTP:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
=> =============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
CID Description Object type
IRC log for
QmW5tUXd4NubCu6UMXiQeWWPmBQFNq94qNufp79gszVhX5 #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell
QmTnXi4XTuRcquxhG298cZz2uXveCvo5CU26P8vWAcsqK6 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmWqXSWv6JLRZH2RoVE3XjzWdP6SZrDJ7TwLohwMWbnhbz social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
(full IRC log
as HTML)
IRC log for
#boycottnovell-
QmaCGAR1NQWd7eJrSgqi1rYAMVEd8X72XWtqSxvDKw1He8 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
(full IRC log
as plain/ASCII
text)
IRC log for
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✐ The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXXX:_The_Idiosyncratic
Italians⠀✐
Posted in Europe, Patents, Site_News at 9:38 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Series parts:
Endorsement?
Courage
Pusillanimous_Hibernia
Cheese
Controversial_Christian_Bock
Battistelli’s_Swiss_Apprentice?
Facilitators_–_Spain
Facilitators_–_Portugal
Austrian_Double-Dipper
Nordic_Bloc
Doyen_and_His_“Protégée”
North_Macedonia_and_Albania
Bulgaria
Romania
Fresh_Blood_or_Same_Old,_Same_Old?
Budget_and_Finance_Committee
Loyal_“Habibi”
States_–_Monaco_and_Malta
Perfidious_Betrayal_of_Liberty
Belgium”?
Dubious”_Proposal
Independent_Slovenia
Tentacles_of_the_SAZAS_Octopus
to_Capture
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mauro_Masi_and_Susanna_Smit⦈_
Mauro Masi accompanied by actress Susanna Smit.
Summary: At last, Techrights takes a look at the person who represented Italy
in the EPO for over 15 years
In this part we turn our attention to Italy, the last of the seven
"abstentionist"_states that decided to withhold their support from Benoît
Battistelli‘s “Strike Regulations”.
Together with the Iberian_nations Spain and Portugal, Italy was long considered
one of France’s natural "Club_Med" allies on the EPO‘s Administrative Council.
However during the Battistelli era Franco-Italian relations at the EPO were
strained and when it came to the vote on the infamous “Strike Regulations” in
June 2013, the Italian delegation abstained.
“Masi himself was not present in Munich for the vote. The acting head of
delegation on that occasion was his deputy Loredana Gulino, a director of the
anti-counterfeiting department of the Italian Ministry for Economic
development.”As we shall see, Italy’s abstention on that occasion seems to have
had more to do with tensions between Battistelli and the Italian delegation
than any kind of concern for EPO staff and their fundamental rights.
Back in June 2013, the Italian delegation on the EPO’s Administrative Council
was headed by Mauro Masi whose official title was “Delegate for Intellectual
Property” at the Directorate General for Global Affairs of the Italian Ministry
of Foreign Affairs.
Masi himself was not present in Munich for the vote. The acting head of
delegation on that occasion was his deputy Loredana Gulino, a director of the
anti-counterfeiting department of the Italian Ministry for Economic
development.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mauro_Masi_and_Loredana_Gulino⦈_
The Italian representatives: head of delegation Mauro Masi and his deputy
Loredana Gulino.
Masi has held the position of head of the Italian delegation on the EPO’s
Administrative Council since 2006 and he continues to hold it to this day,
although he is probably due to retire in the near future. However, despite
being listed as the titular head of delegation in the EPO’s Official Journal,
it seems that he rarely attends the meetings of the Council in person.
“Masi has held the position of head of the Italian delegation on the EPO’s
Administrative Council since 2006 and he continues to hold it to this day,
although he is probably due to retire in the near future.”As will become
apparent in due course, Masi is a very busy guy at home in Italy and it would
appear that EPO affairs do not rank very high on his list of priorities. He
normally delegates such matters to his deputy Loredana Gulino, an official of
the Italian Ministry for Economic Development who currently_heads_the
department responsible for “Market, Competition, Consumer Protection and
Technical Regulation”.
Mauro_Masi (personal_CV_here [PDF]) was born in the Italian harbour town of
Civitavecchia near Rome on 26 August 1952. After completing studies in law and
economics, he began his professional career with the Italian_Central_Bank
(known as “Bank of Italy”) in 1978.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mauro_Masi_for_Italian_Central_Bank_in_1978⦈_
Masi began his career with the Italian Central Bank in 1978.
A decade later Masi entered the political arena when he joined the Presidency
of_the_Council_of_Ministers, the Italian equivalent of the UK Prime Minister’s
Office.
In the early 2000s Masi worked on a number of legislative reform projects in
the areas of copyright, publishing and the sale of published products. For a
number of years he was also a commissioner of the SIAE, an Italian society for
the collective management of authors’ rights.
In the early stages of his political career Masi was reputed to be close to
centre-left politicians of the Olive_Tree coalition led by Romani Prodi. But
when the prevailing winds changed in the volatile world of Italian politics
with the rise of Silvio_Berlusconi, Masi seemed to have little difficulty in
transferring his allegiance to the Maestro of “Bunga_Bunga”.
“In the early 2000s Masi worked on a number of legislative reform projects in
the areas of copyright, publishing and the sale of published products.”The
Italian media described Masi as the “Zelig”_of_Italy’s_senior_administrators (a
reference to the “human chameleon” in the Woody Allen film of the same name).
During the 2nd and 3rd Berlusconi governments (between 2001-06) Masi held
senior positions in the Presidency of the Council of Ministers.
In April 2009, he was appointed CEO of the Italian public broadcasting company
RAI. In Italy the RAI appointment was generally perceived as a reward for his
loyalty to Berlusconi.
Masi’s term at RAI was marked by a number of public controversies.
“Masi’s term at RAI was marked by a number of public controversies.”For
example, in 2009 in order to encourage the early retirement of two RAI
directors who had fallen out of favour, Masi came up with a plan to offer them
“generous” severance agreements. The “generosity” of these agreements caught
the attention of the Court_of_Auditors which considered that Masi had been
responsible for offering “unjustified economic incentives”. The damage caused
to the state budget was estimated to be of the order of € 680,000.
In 2012, Masi got off relatively lightly when he was ordered_to_pay_€_100,000
for the fiscal damage caused by his actions. He appealed the decision of the
Court of Auditors but this was upheld by the Italian Supreme Court in a
judgment_which_was_delivered_almost_a_decade_later_in_2018.
As the CEO of RAI, Masi gained particular notoriety as Berlusconi’s “media
enforcer”.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Silvio_Berlusconi_and_Mauro_Masi⦈_
As CEO of the state broadcaster RAI between 2009 and 2011, Mauro Masi acquired
an unsavoury reputation as Silvio Berlusconi’s “media enforcer”.
In April 2009, it was reported that Vauro Senese, one of Italy’s most popular
cartoonists, had been fired by RAI for a satirical anti-government cartoon
which appeared on the leading current affairs programme AnnoZero.
“As the CEO of RAI, Masi gained particular notoriety as Berlusconi’s “media
enforcer”.”In addition to firing Senese, Masi ordered the program’s anchorman
Michele_Santoro to “re-balance” his coverage of current affairs, complaining
that the programme was too “left-wing” and that it was guilty of a priori bias
against members of the government on “ideological grounds”.
Santoro – described_by_the_Guardian as Italy’s equivalent of Jeremy Paxman –
was a veteran journalist who had also been involved in politics. He had
previously served as an MEP for Southern Italy with the centre-left electoral
alliance known as the “Olive_Tree”. As might be expected, Santoro was not
impressed by what he perceived as an attempt by Berlusconi and his cronies to
censor his journalistic work.
It was inevitable that the dispute between Santoro and Masi would escalate and
by late 2010 foreign media were reporting on “fears_for_press_independence” in
Italy and “censorship_late-Berlusconi-style”.
“As might be expected, Santoro was not impressed by what he perceived as an
attempt by Berlusconi and his cronies to censor his journalistic work.”Santoro
accused Masi of trying to sabotage the AnnoZero programme by refusing to sign
contracts for his contributors and co-authors. During a live broadcast, he
described Masi as incompetent and euphemistically told him to “take a walk”
(“vaffanbicchiere”). Masi responded by issuing Santoro with a two-week
suspension from the broadcast.
The affair turned out to be highly embarrassing for both Masi and his political
padrone when the_Italian_media_published_transcripts_of_wiretaps which had been
recorded by a public prosecutor investigating allegations of irregularities
involving Berlusconi.
The wiretaps revealed Berlusconi haranguing Giancarlo Innocenzi, the head of
the nominally independent broadcast regulation agency, over what he deemed to
be politically hostile programming.
“What the f**k are you doing with all this?” the irate Prime Minister
shouted at the commissioner, Giancarlo Innocenzi. In another call Mr
Berlusconi demands that a show looking into his alleged Mafia
connections be muzzled.
Mauro Masi also featured in the wiretap transcripts where he appeared to say
that RAI was “doing all it can” to placate the Prime Minister. Masi told
Innocenzi that he had “a strategy in operation” that would resolve the “problem
of Santoro, who is a particular type of problem”.
One_particularly_interesting_wiretapped_conversation was between Masi and the
shadowy figure Luigi_Bisignani, a political lobbyist and reputedly a member of
the notorious P2_masonic_lodge.
The main topic of discussion between Masi and Bisignani was the letter of
suspension that Masi intended to deliver to AnnoZero anchorman Michele Santoro
after the latter had insulted him “on air”. The plan was for the letter to be
drafted by Bisignani and signed off by Masi. After the details had been agreed,
Masi could hardly contain his excitement:
“We won, he’s dead, we’re going to bust his ass. I am horny as a
beast”.
(Original: “Abbiamo vinto, è morto, gli stamo a spaccà il culo. Sò
arrapato come una bestia”).
During his time at RAI, Masi was also implicated in a controversy involving the
Bulgarian actress Michelle Bonev who described herself as a “writer,
scriptwriter, actress, film director and entrepreneur”. At the time, Bonev was
a virtual unknown in her own country but she managed to acquire a certain
degree of fame – or perhaps more accurately, “notoriety” – in Italy as a result
of her connections to Berlusconi.
“The main topic of discussion between Masi and Bisignani was the letter of
suspension that Masi intended to deliver to AnnoZero anchorman Michele Santoro
after the latter had insulted him “on air”.”In 2010 Berlusconi_came_under
investigation by the Italian Court of Auditors following claims that he used as
much as €400,000 in state funds to fly Bonev to the Venice film festival to
receive a fabricated “Action for Women” award for her movie Goodbye Mama. On
that occasion Bonev was accompanied by an “entourage” in the form of a 40
member delegation headed by the country’s culture minister, Vezhdi Rashido.
Shortly afterwards, Goodbye Mama was sold_to_RAI_for_the_price_of_€1_million.
According to the Italian media, Masi personally instructed the administrative
director of RAI Cinema, Caterina D’Amico, to purchase the film.
When questioned about the matter, Masi denied any responsibility and implied
that the purchase was the result of pressure_from_the_Bulgarian_government:
“I am not responsible, I simply gave a signal to RAI Cinema that
there is a recommendation from the Bulgarian authorities”.
Masi left RAI in May 2011 when he moved to a new position as CEO of Consap_SpA,
a company responsible for managing various insurance and “social solidarity”
funds under concession from the Ministry of Economic Development. In December
2020, he was appointed as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Consap.
“According to the Italian media, Masi personally instructed the administrative
director of RAI Cinema, Caterina D’Amico, to purchase the film.”In the
meantime, in addition to his duties at Consap, he managed to find enough time
to pursue a parallel career path with Igea Banca SpA where he was appointed
Chairman of the Board of Directors in October 2018.
In 2019, Igea Banca SpA was involved in a merger operation with the financially
compromised Banca del Fucino which suffered from a negative equity of € 1.9
billion. Under the terms of the merger, Banca del Fucino became the parent
company of the new Igea Banca banking group and controlled its subsidiary Igea
Digital Bank SpA which specialises in lending to SMEs and professionals.
Following the successful conclusion of the merger, Masi became Chairman of the
Board of Banca_del_Fucino and also Chairman of Igea Digital Bank SpA.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Igea_Banca_and_Banca_del_Fucino_next_to_Masi⦈_
During his time as CEO at Consap SpA, Masi successfully managed to pursue a
parallel career in banking with Igea Banca and Banca del Fucino.
There is no doubt that Mauro Masi is a colourful larger-than-life figure in
comparison to most of his peers on the EPO’s Administrative Council.
“There is no doubt that Mauro Masi is a colourful larger-than-life figure in
comparison to most of his peers on the EPO’s Administrative Council.”He also
appears to have the good fortune to be one of the most highly remunerated
members of the Administrative Council.
For example, back in 2010 his annual salary as CEO of RAI was a mouth-watering
€ 715,000.
In 2012, his annual salary as director of Consap SpA was reported to be €
473,768. That seems to be somewhat lower than what he was getting at RAI, but
appears to be a “basic salary” figure which excludes any bonuses that he might
be entitled to. In any case, having regard to his parallel activities at Igea
Banca and Banca del Fucino, his salary from Consap is unlikely to be his only
source of income.
Masi’s track record back home in Italy gives the impression that he was a
faithful servant of the powers-that-be. In particular, during his time at RAI
he showed himself to be an obedient lapdog of his political master Berlusconi.
“Masi’s track record back home in Italy gives the impression that he was a
faithful servant of the powers-that-be.”Based on that track record, one might
be inclined to think that Masi would have been an enthusiastic ally of the EPO
alpha-male Battistelli and that he would have relished the opportunity to
assist the Corsican tyrant’s efforts to “bust ass” at the EPO.
However, that turns not to have been the case. As a matter of fact, relations
between Masi and the French EPO President were “strained”, to put it
diplomatically. This resulted in a situation where the Italian delegation
frequently adopted a critical stance on measures proposed by Team Battistelli.
This rupture in the traditional Franco-Italian alliance can be traced back to
the manner in which Battistelli is reputed to have duped the Italians into
supporting his bid to become EPO President in 2009/2010.
According to EPO insiders, the Italians were cajoled into supporting the
Corsican pretender on the basis of a promise that when the spoils were to be
divided out afterwards they would be rewarded with one of the soon-to-be-vacant
Vice-President posts.
“According to EPO insiders, the Italians were cajoled into supporting the
Corsican pretender on the basis of a promise that when the spoils were to be
divided out afterwards they would be rewarded with one of the soon-to-be-vacant
Vice-President posts.”But when the time came to deliver in 2012, Battistelli
reneged on his promise and forced the Council to accept his Croatian nominee
Željko_Topić rather than the Italian candidate.
The Italians never forgot this “betrayal”. It is worth noting that
subsequently, in 2017, Italy was the only EPO member state to nominate a_rival
candidate to Battistelli’s anointed successor António_Campinos.
And so it came to pass that when the Administrative Council voted on the
infamous “Strike Regulations” in June 2013, the Italian delegation withheld its
support and expressed a well-founded concern that the measures proposed by
Battistelli would lead to “a limitation of the right of staff to strike”.
The statement of the Italian position, recorded under point no. 119 of the
minutes_of_the_136th_meeting [PDF] of the Administrative Council, reads as
follows:
The Italian delegation welcomed a clear legal framework, which was
important to promote sound social dialogue. But it feared that some
proposals might lead to a limitation of the right of staff to strike.
It encouraged to review some parts of the draft.
Notwithstanding his personal antipathy towards the perfidious Battistelli, Masi
– in common with most of the other “abstentionists” on the EPO’s Administrative
Council – was extremely cautious about criticising the EPO President in public.
“Masi – in common with most of the other “abstentionists” on the EPO’s
Administrative Council – was extremely cautious about criticising the EPO
President in public.”In May 2016, when the Italian state broadcaster RAI
produced a report on “La_guerra_dei_brevetti” (“The_war_of_patents” [PDF]),
Masi was asked to comment on Battistelli’s controversial “methods” at the EPO.
Mauro Masi has been a member of the EPO’s Administrative Council
since 2006.
What does he think of the President Battistelli’s methods?
MAURO MASI – ITALIAN REPRESENTATIVE, EPO ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCIL
Battistelli acts properly, he respects all the formal rules of the
EPO. The issue is whether those rules are still valid or whether they
should be changed. In my opinion they should be changed.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Battistelli_and_Masi⦈_
Despite his personal antipathy towards Battistelli, Masi appeared to rally to
the defence of the controversial EPO President in 2016: “Battistelli acts
properly, he respects all the formal rules of the EPO.”
Masi’s response on that occasion is revealing because he declined to take issue
with Battistelli’s “methods” as such. As far as he was concerned, Battistelli
respected “all of the formal rules of the EPC”.
According to Masi, the problem was not with Battistelli but with the rules
which “should be changed”. But he didn’t go into specifics, so it’s impossible
to know what rules he considered to be in need of change.
Moreover, changing the rules is a matter for the Administrative Council or, in
the case of the EPC itself, a diplomatic conference of the contracting states.
Masi’s superficial and evasive response to the RAI journalist appears to have
overlooked – perhaps deliberately? – the role of the Council in this regard and
its responsibilities as the organisation’s governing body.
One wonders whether Masi’s views have changed in the meantime.
“…changing the rules is a matter for the Administrative Council or, in the case
of the EPC itself, a diplomatic conference of the contracting states.”In
particular, it would be interesting to hear what lessons – if any – he has
managed to draw from the_ILOAT_judgments_that_overturned_Battistelli's_Vichyite
"Strike_Regulations".
Unfortunately, despite the fact that he still remains in position as head of
the Italian delegation, Mauro Masi has so far remained eloquently silent on
these matters.
Given that his 70th birthday is approaching – in August 2022 – it’s quite
likely that Masi will have sailed off into the sunset of a gold-plated
retirement with his partner, the RAI presenter Ingrid_Muccitelli, before we get
a chance to hear his opinion on what needs to be done to tackle the long-
standing and still unresolved governance crisis at the EPO.
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Ingrid_Muccitelli_and_Mauro_Masi⦈_
Mauro Masi will probably have sailed off into the sunset of a gold-plated
retirement with his partner Ingrid Muccitelli before we get a chance to hear
his opinion on how to tackle the EPO’s governance crisis.
With that we have finally arrived at the end of our in-depth survey of the
national delegations on the EPO’s Administrative Council and how they acted
when Battistelli’s “Strike Regulations” were put to the vote at the 136th
meeting in June 2013.
As has already been noted in an earlier part of the series, the official record
shows that delegates from 28 states – including_six_out_of_seven_of_the_EPO's
founding_states – allowed themselves to be mesmerised by the “spin” of Team
Battistelli and proceeded to give their unreserved endorsement to this
liberticidal proposal.
Seven other states had reservations and withheld their approval by
“abstaining”.
“We will also see how neither the Administrative Council nor Battistelli’s
successor Campinos have bothered to take any action to address these unresolved
issues.”However, among the 38 member states of the organisation, not a single
delegation could be found with sufficient moral courage and integrity to vote
against this "extremely_dubious"_proposal.
In the final two parts of the series, we plan to take a closer look at how this
affair has highlighted the serious governance deficits at the EPO which were
ruthlessly exploited by Battistelli during his time as Office President.
We will also see how neither the Administrative Council nor Battistelli’s
successor Campinos have bothered to take any action to address these unresolved
issues. █
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣯⣉⣾⣏⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡈
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⡿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠈⠈
⠀⠄⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⡹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢩⡳⢶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠦⣀⣠⣸⡃⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠁⠀⠀⠠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠛⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠟⢶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀
⠀⠈⠛⢯⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⣶⠶⠀⣠⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡗⢛⣱⣦⣿⣷⣢⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣠⣦⣄⠀⠀⢢⠀⠋⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣻⡄⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣷⣶⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠘⣿⠀⠄⡐⠀⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢷⣾⣿⣿⡿⢸⡇⢘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⢠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀
⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⢀⠻⣷⠆⢹⡶⢾⡇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⣠⡀⠂⠀⠀⢈⠡⠶⣼⡇⢸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣦⡄⣀⢀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀
⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡥⢻⣇⡀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣌⣢⡟⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣒⠀
⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠘⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⡆⠀⠈⠉⠛⢿⣧⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣶
⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣶⠀⢠⣤⣤⠀⢸⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠒
⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⢢⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣠⣠⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠸⣿⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⣀⠄⠤⣤⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣢⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠐⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠠⣭⣽⣀⠒⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠉⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣟⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⡿⠛⣁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣟⣿⡟⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣧⡘⠿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣦⣤⣾⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣾⣯⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣿⠀⢠⠀⢰⡇⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢸
⠀⠻⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⡇⠀⢰⣿⡿⠿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⣄⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⡀⠀⠘⡇⢸
⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⠈⢩⣴⣶⣶⣶⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠏⠀⢀⡀⠀⠻⣧⡀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⡇⠈
⡼⣷⠆⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⠿⣿⡿⠿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣔⣞⡙⠟⡀⠐⣿⣦⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠺⡟⠀⡇⠀
⣷⢰⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⢴⢸⣷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⢛⣇⣦⣴⣷⣥⡄⠘⠟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⡇⠀
⣿⡏⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀⠹⠇⢿⣿⣃⠀⣘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⡇⠐⠂⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠺⡟⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠉⠛⠉⣡⠀⠀⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢹⡿⣿⣿⠎⠁⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣟⠀⣺⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠼⡿⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀
⢉⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠇⠈⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣦⣆⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀
⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡄⠈⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⣐⣂⣂⡀⠀⠤⣠⢶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀
⠀⠀⠀⠰⢿⣿⣿⡟⡒⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡠⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠫⡟⠸⠅⢠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⢨⣄⣄⣸⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣀⣀⣀⠈⣼⣓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣋⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣴⡶⣆⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠈⢿⣿⡟⣽⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣬⣽⣧⣇⠈⡇⠙⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠀⠻⠟⣿⣿⣿⣰⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⢺⣗⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡉⠀⢸⡟⠗⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⢸⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⣶⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⠈⠛⠋⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠛⢳⡟⠉⠘⠘⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡿⠿⠆⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠈⠙⠛⠃⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠋⠙⠛⠛⠋⠙⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠅⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣬⣒⣤⣤⣄⡠⣄⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⢛⠩⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢴⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣟⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠋⣽⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢿⣿⣉⣼⣿⣻⣿⠏⢩⣿⣟⣿⣿⢇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣇⢱⡾⣿⣿⢗⠁⠘⢿⠻⠏⢺⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢸⣿⣿⠉⣿⣃⠀⠀⢰⣾⠨⡗⢾⠤⣳⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡟⠋⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣕⣟⡅⠀⠄⠁⠐⠀⠘⢵⠀⠈⠚⢰⣺⢵⣆⠀⠀⣿⠀⣠⣶⣾⣶⣶⣀⡀⠈⠙⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢅⠁⢀⣀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣮⡷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⠁⠀⠐⠄⣂⠀⢂⣸⣄⠄⢣⣀⣦⢸⣿⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣭⣽⠉⣉⠙⣲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠃⠀⠀⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⢞⢀⣿⣿⣬⣅⣿⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣄⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠠⠀⢠⣝⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⣸⠲⠔⣺⡿⣽⣷⡜⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣴⣾⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣀⣭⢀⡀⣼⢷⣿⣿⣿⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠁⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢸⢡⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣷⣿⣷⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠽⣿⣯⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠻⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢾⡿⠈⠹⠟⠻⠉⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠉⠿⠋⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣴⣶⣦⣤⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣦⣴⣴⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⢠⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣦⣦⠶⠖⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢠⣰⣿⡟⣱⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⡤⣷⣿⣿⣽⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⢁⣰⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢺⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣤⣼⣿⣿⣾⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠱⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠄⣿⣿⣿⢿⡏⠁⠀⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣃⡈⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠦⢸⣿⣿⣽⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡁⠼⠘⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⠀⠐⡀⡀⠀⡑⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⡔⠶⣹⠖⡀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠰⢀⠐⠀⠀⠂⠀⡥⡒⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⢤⢀⠀
⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢰⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡵⡛⣏⢑⠈⣀⠄⠀⠀⢁⠤⣑⠊⠁⢠⠀⠐⢰⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡑⠫⢒⡄
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣶⠅⣾⣿⣿⡿⠁⠠⠀⠀⠀⢀⣰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡙⢝⢆⣘⢯⣾⠖⡲⡊⠁⠅⠀⠁⠂⠄⠦⠀⠴⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⡠⡐
⣿⡿⢿⣿⡟⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣿⣷⣸⣿⣿⠉⠸⣤⣿⠇⠀⠞⣿⣿⣶⡟⠁⢘⣿⡿⡟⣏⠩⣿⠿⠆⠀⢸⣦⠀⠀⠀⠙⠃⠀⣸⣿⣏⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣦⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢈⣿⣿⠅⢹⣿⠀⢐⡻⠉⣠⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⢿⣿⣿⡁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⠞⠋⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡶⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀
⠛⠛⠁⠛⠉⠋⠃⠀⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⣅⡝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣷⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀
⣷⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⢇⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⣀⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢹⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡍⣾⣾⣤⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⢰⣿⣿⣦⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣧⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢀⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣾⣿⢋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣿⠿⠎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⣿⡟⣿⣷⣶⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⡟⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡾⠿⠃⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣷⣤⣀⡉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠿⠟⠟⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠙⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠳⡙⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡉⠉⠙⠿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⡁⠀⠀⢨⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⢠⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠐⠀⢻⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢻⣿⡟⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⠋⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣖⣶⡒⠒⠒⠒⢒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⠤⠄⠤⠤⠄⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠇⠄⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⡟⣛⣿⣟⠛⣻⣿⣛⣛⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⡟⢛⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⡛⣻⣿⡿⠿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢞⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⠉⡙⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⡇⠻⣿⣿⠨⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡧⢾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡿⢏⣿⣿⠗⡇⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠀⢻⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣈⣩⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢻⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡇⣼⣒⣦⣸⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⣻⣿⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢺⣕⠾⠰⢿⣿⡷⢰⣿⣿⠾⢖⣿⡿⠷⡶⣿⠆⢾⣿⡧⠾⣿⣿⠮⢼⣿⠧⠸⣿⡯⠅⢷⣿⣿⣟⣿⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢿⠷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣙⣓⣙⣛⣛⣚⣻⣋⣛⣞⢛⣛⣯⣷⣿⣧⣿⣷⣿⣿⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣧⣼⣮⣉⠉⠉⣹⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠲⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⡿⠛⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⣾⣿⡶⠠⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠇⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠠⠀⠈⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣯⣭⣭⣍⣹⣏⣉⣉⣙⣃⣈⣉⣘⣛⣈⣁⣀⣒⣉⣀⣀⣀⣃⣀⣀⣃⣀⣀⣈⣘⣇⣁⣀⣘⣛⣀⣃⣘⣻⣉⣉⣉⣁⣉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⣴⣦⣶⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠻⡟⢻⠟⡿⠛⣿⡟⣿⣿⡟⠟⠛⡟⠻⢿⠛⢛⡻⠟⡻⢿⢿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣄⣸⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡏⢳⠀⡇⠘⡁⣶⡇⣿⡿⠘⣡⣤⢸⡾⠆⡀⠄⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣇⠀⠸⠃⢉⣛⡀⠘
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇⡇⣇⠻⠀⣴⢸⣧⠻⢋⢠⣶⡘⠿⣛⠄⠂⠁⠀⠀⠐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡄⠀⠐⠘⣉⣉⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣀⣀⢸⣿⡿⠋⡇⡇⠃⣡⢸⠀⠟⢈⣵⢸⡿⢘⠫⠐⠉⠠⠀⠂⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⠀⠀⢇⢻⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⢸⡇⡆⢘⢁⣦⡿⠛⢨⡄⢸⡇⣿⡸⣇⡜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡆⠀⠘⠀⠙⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⢸⡇⡄⠸⢘⢩⢰⢸⣸⡇⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠁⠃⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⢰⡂⠫
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡟⠁⢸⣏⡁⢸⢸⢸⢸⢸⡟⡇⠘⣷⢹⡇⢿⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠘⠢⡀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⠈⣧⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⢸⣿⠃⣾⢸⢸⢸⡼⡇⣿⠀⣿⢸⣿⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠐⣀⣬⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡀⠀⠸⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠄⠤⢼⣿⠀⡇⢸⢸⣸⡇⡇⣿⠀⣿⡸⣿⢸⡇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⠀⠀⢻
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⡇⣿⡸⡏⡇⣷⢻⠀⢹⡇⣿⡆⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢀⡇⡇⡇⡇⡇⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠙⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠚⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣠⣿⣷⣆⡒⢑⣼⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢠⡀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠩⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢴⠈⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣈⣉⣠⣘⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢀⡖⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣻⡉⣯⣯⣷⡆⠀⣀⣴⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⠝⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠇⠈⠑⢢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠭⡤⠄⠀⣠⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⢤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣴⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⠛⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠉⠹⣿⣟⠋⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⢀⣈⣉⣀⣭⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣄⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡏⠀⠀⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣉⣉⣁⣀⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⢿⣿⣿⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣻⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⣷⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣼⣿⣿⡄⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢸⣿⣿⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣤⢦⡝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⣩⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1015
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/23/netcraft-and-gemini/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/23/netcraft-and-gemini/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ The_Internet_is_Getting_Rid_of_Microsoft,_But_We’re_Still_Not_Getting_Back
Our_Autonomy/Freedom_(It’s_a_Paradigm_Issue,_Not_a_Brand_Issue)⠀✐
Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Microsoft at 10:06 am by
Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum d384e96dff1602f445ceec2f44901466
http://techrights.org/videos/taking-back-the-internet.webm
Summary: In spite of Microsoft trying to buy itself relevance on the Internet
(e.g. Skype, LinkedIn, GitHub) it is rapidly growing irrelevant — both in the
client_side and server_side (buying companies helps hide that while offloading
debt to more ‘shells’*) — but whatever replaces Microsoft isn’t miles better,
so we must point out or suggest the suitable alternatives (such as self-hosted
videoconferencing, hypertext protocols and so on)
THE VIDEO above takes stock of some recent developments, ranging from the
latest_Netcraft_report_(“Web_Server_Survey”) to changes in our site, our
capsule, and Gemini in general.
I tried to refrain from repeating what was said before (several one-hour videos
about the Netcraft statistics and their interpretation). A lot of new stuff
needed to be said, but compacting/containing it within a spontaneous/unscripted
video isn’t easy (there’s more in IRC logs).
“A lot could be said about the need to move away from these monopolies,
reducing centralisation on the Net in general…”“I think you’ve read that one
already,” an associate told me this morning. “Microsoft is basically gone, even
from the “all sites” category.” Citing Statcounter_for_the_client_side, he
added, “if one includes tablets, mobile, etc, then Microsoft is hovering just
above 30%” (market share). “Probably worth mentioning so as to drive home the
point. The Netcraft reports have a lot of interesting hints about other HTTP
servers but no details. Nginx is clearly eating the market, but lots of small
projects are becoming visible also. For example, the “top million busiest
sites” have moved to “other” ahead of both Apache2 and Nginx. I suppose Flask
and such are there in “other” but Netcraft does not say.”
That’s just for Web servers, not things like mail servers**, which are
dominated by UNIX/BSD and GNU/Linux, even if the big providers use them and
present them to users through proprietary interfaces such as Gmail.
A lot could be said about the need to move away from these monopolies, reducing
centralisation on the Net in general; Web servers are not the only game in town
(or the so-called “web apps”) as there’s also IRC, E-mail, IPFS and so on. Our
associate wanted to remind readers that “WWW != Internet, and that social
control media is not the WWW. It gets tiring having to repeat those points.
Since fewer and fewer people understand that, I wonder if there is another way
to get the point across.”
“For technology to change our world for the better we need to think ahead about
the topology and who’s in control, who’s in charge. It’s about hierarchy or
control, which depends on the systems’ topology (peer to peer might be
ideal).”Due to a_growing_frequency_of_Web_censorship_attempts (we’ll soon say a
lot more about that, in a separate video) or a censorious atmosphere on the Net
in general we’ve taken IRC ‘in-house’ and are increasingly adopting Gemini,
which is still_spreading_fast. A lot of the clown computing hype turns out to
have been a bubble as AWS joins the ‘Azure league of outages’ and, as noted in
the video, this past year it’s fair to say we’ve had better uptime than both
AWS and Azure. This idea that clown computing would improve reliability and
reduce costs was all along a bait-and-switch marketing lie. To put it in the
form of a joke with an element of truth to it, clown computing masters tell
you: “we keep your stuff in multiple places for resilience.” What clown
computing giants meanwhile tell their true masters (who subsidise them at
taxpayers’ expense): “we will suck up all of the world’s data, with complete
copies of it in the US, to_enable_political_and_industrial_espionage_for_you_to
exploit” (imperialistic ends).
For technology to change our world for the better we need to think ahead about
the topology and who’s in control, who’s in charge. It’s about hierarchy or
control, which depens on the systems’ topology (peer to peer might be ideal).
This applies not just to PCs and phones but also cars and homes, which are
increasingly being equipped with listening devices and even state-connected
real-time camera footage. █
presume…” (cannibalisation and rebranding after Skype, followed by illegal
bundling).
From 14+ years ago we have Microsoft_acquiring_Parlano (more here and here).
Many companies bought by Microsoft end up being thrown_out, including gaming-
related studios. It’s expensive to keep doing this. See “Did_the_“Enron_of
Norway”_Pull_a_Fast_One_On_Microsoft?_More_Details_About_the_Mess_at_Fast
Search_&_Transfer” (TechCrunch before it was compromised).
“The question of debt_loading makes some of these acquisitions quite
intriguing,” our associated noted. “The destruction of Mojang was obviously to
keep a generation of kids off of GNU/Linux by locking out Minecraft. Other than
that, they’ll never recover their large investment (purchase price) on that
one. However, many of the others were probably bought with two purposes in
mind: 1) crush a small potential competitor early on, 2) offload massive debt.
The above “Enron of Norway” of just one_of_many.
the count is biased in favour of bloated systems) — things are looking even
worse for Microsoft. “Some stats on the mail servers would help,” our associate
noted. “Many, very wrongly, assume that Microsoft has high market share there.”
It looked like this at the start of the year:
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇E-mail share⦈
Chart source: Mail_(MX)_Server_Survey:_Basic_Technology_Breakdown
In numbers:
Exim 60.28%
Postfix 32.47%
[...]
Microsoft 0.31%
“There’s a long tail of oddball mail servers,” our associate said, “Microsoft
being among them. ”
The_latest_report says that in less than a year Microsoft’s share decreased
from 0.31% to just 0.26%:
Exim 59.52%
Postfix 33.56%
[...]
Microsoft 0.26%

As our associate put it, “there’s a bit of variation up and down with exim and
postfix, but their relative positions are stable. Strangely there are about 3.5
% using sendmail still. Those must be old sites.”
You would not be wrong to think that Microsoft’s market share shrank by a
factor around 100 times (two orders of magnitude) in just 14 years. It’s all in
the data. But it’s even worse than this. Our associate wished to “expand on the
remark about Windows being less efficient and requiring more Microsoft systems
in order to get the same level of service as with regular systems.” If we
assume that Windows is twice as inefficient or two times slower than comparable
hardware with UNIX/BSD (very common in mail, but so is GNU/Linux), then maybe
the true share of Microsoft — measured in term of activity rather than physical
machine — is like 0.1% of the whole.
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⡠⠤⠤⠔⠂⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠠⠒⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⣈⠅⠚⠈⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠈⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠀⠈⠀⣉⣀⣉⣀⡁⣈⣁⣈⣀⡉⡀⡀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠒⠢⠄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠄⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠠⠤⠤⠐⠂⠀⠁⠐⠐⠑⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣤⢤⡄⠊⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠠⠤⠤⠐⠒⠐⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢒⣂⠨⠤⠝⠛⠋⠉⠉⢈⣙⣚⡑⠶⠤⡤⣰⣒⢊⠉⠈⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣉⣀⡄⢤⠠⣒⠒⡁⠈⡁⢉⡀⢀⠀⣀⠀⡀⢀⡁⢙⡛⢰⠠⣤⠄⡀⣀⣀⢀⡀⢀⠀⣀⠀⡀⢀⡀⢀⠀⢀⠀⣀⠀⡀⢀⡀⢀⠀⣀⠀⣀⠀⡀⢀⡀⢀⠀⣀⠀⣀⠀⡀⢀⡀⢀⠀⣀⠀⡀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠙⠋⠩⠡⢽⣀⡒⠒⠂⠠⠠⠤⠄⢤⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⡄⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⡄⢨⡥⢴⠴⢴⠤⣤⠤⡤⢤⡤⢬⣤⣭⣭⣭⣅⣅⣴⣦⣰⣠⣶⣖⣶⡖⡆⣶⣶⢲⢲⣶⡆⡆⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠈⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠀⠈⠀⠉⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀
⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1208
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
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Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/23/update-re-slovenia/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Update_Regarding_Slovenia_and_Vojko_Toman⠀✐
Posted in Europe, Patents at 8:09 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Background:
* The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXXVII:_Stubbornly
Independent_Slovenia
* The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXXVIII:_Ensnared_in_the
Tentacles_of_the_SAZAS_Octopus
* The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXXIX:_On_the_Slippery_Slope
to_Capture
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Benoit_Battistelli_with_Vojko_Toman⦈_
Benoît_Battistelli with Vojko Toman in Ljubljana
Summary: The EPO-friendly Vojko Toman, who also protected António_Campinos, was
the subject of recent media coverage in Slovenia
An article_published_by_Slovenian_media_in_October_of_this_year [PDF] confirms
that during Vojko Toman’s term of office as head of the national “IP” Office
(URSIL) no action was taken to deal with issues relating to “collective
management organisations” in the copyright sector.
Just a word of caution about the publisher of this article.
Nova24TV is a Slovenian news media conglomerate closely associated with the
Slovenian_Democratic_Party_(SDS), generally regarded as a “right-wing populist”
party.
According_to_Wikipedia, Nova24TV has been financially supported by Hungarian
businessmen close to Viktor Orbán.
“The relevance of the article to the recent coverage about Slovenia is that it
shows that during his time at the head of the URSIL between September 2015 and
September 2021, Vojko Toman failed to take any action to tackle the known
problems relating to copyright CMOs.”However, no other Slovenian media seems to
be currently covering these issues.
Leaving aside any reservations that might exist about the publisher, the
article is objective in tone and presents facts and figures that come from
reliable non-partisan sources such as www.edebiti.si and www.erar.si.
The relevance of the article to the recent coverage about Slovenia is that it
shows that during his time at the head of the URSIL between September 2015 and
September 2021, Vojko Toman failed to take any action to tackle the known
problems relating to copyright CMOs.
It’s worth recalling that Toman was initially appointed as head of the URSIL on
a temporary ad interim basis in September 2015 until 30 March 2016.
“With hindsight, it seems clear that Toman was installed as a “safe pair of
hands” who could be trusted not to “rock the boat”.”A call for candidates for
the position of URSIL director was published_in_February_2016 [PDF] and the
next director should have been appointed in March. It seems that there weren’t
any suitable candidates because no appointment was made in March.
Toman’s ad interim posting was prolonged and a fresh call for candidates was
issued in June_2016 [PDF]. Once again, it seems that there weren’t any suitable
candidates.
So Toman ended up being awarded the position for a five-year term in September
With hindsight, it seems clear that Toman was installed as a “safe pair of
hands” who could be trusted not to “rock the boat”. █
⢁⢀⣶⡋⡎⠮⠄⢸⢤⠟⢋⣽⣯⣄⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⢖⠷⢚⣫⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿
⢸⢧⣯⣷⣞⣀⣀⣦⡒⣨⠿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠟⣿⣛⣯⡜⠼⠫⣸⢾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣟⣿⣻⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠼⠟⠛⢫⣿⡶⡿⠿⠿⡛⣭⣻⣶⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⡾⡷⢶⣿⣾⣯⡿⢿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠈⡦⢼⡶⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣶⠛⣻⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⣟⣛⡛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣠⣂⣤⣴⣶⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣼⣯⠙⡻⢋⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣯⣉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠿⣯⡌⠋⣿⣿⣿⣶⡁⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣟⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡾⣞⣫⢐⢀⢌⢸⠿⣃⣐⣽⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣵⢻⣤⠖⢅⣘⠲⠒⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣩⡾⢭⣶⠐⢎⠈⠈⣹⠙⣫⣶⣶⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢧⣭⣺⣿⣿⣷⣶⢷⠽⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣫⣽⣿⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠸⠀⢡⣻⡇⣠⣤⢒⣹⢀⢘⠽⠟⠇⢿⣏⡑⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣳⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠁⡀⡤⣡⠽⡿⡁⠕⡅⢸⠘⢐⣦⠀⡯⠁⠁⢾⣿⣯⣝⣉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠸⠸⠡⠃⠂⠀⠄⠀⠠⢡⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡘⢿⣿⢿⢭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⣽⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠠⢈⣐⢇⣀⣈⠂⠠⠢⠎⠂⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⠟⣿⠻⣧⡀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⢸⣿⡗⠚⣩⣿⣿⡏⠀⣊⠄⠀⠈⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⠣⠹⠟⠶⠝⠳⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣶⣽⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣞⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣫⣾⣿⣣⣿⡿⠀⠠⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢠⣄⠠⠂⠤⠐⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠁⡨⡊⠂⡶⠽⣳⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡢⣠⠠⣼⡦⢷⣙⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢞⠑⣞⡝⠡⠔⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢛⢰⣟⠇⢀⡤⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡢⡋⡔⡉⠉⠃⣛⠽⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠒⢚⡉⡚⢭⣿⣷⣶⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⣹⡂⠚⠈⣿⣟⣽⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣰⣏⢤⢂⣠⣿⣿⣞⢿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠺⣯⣭⣽⣷⡾⣿⢿⣧⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⣀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣛⠀⠡⢶⢿⠿⠺⣟⣻⡿⡿⢗⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠈⣶⢚⡖⢷⣖⡽⠽⣿⣿⣗⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢤⣧⡯⣽⣿⣾⣱⠑⣷⢷⢯⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢀⣴⣿⣿⠄⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠸⢯⣿⠯⡻⣿⣝⢆⣙⠻⠟⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⡟⠀⢋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣝⣟⣓⣓⣋⣫⣿⣿⡿⢟⡽⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣯⡌⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠯⢆⣶⠏⠟⠏⠍⠕⡿⣿⣿⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣯⠄⠈⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⡦⠠⠬⢭⠐⠒⠺⠮⣿⣺⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠿⠃⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣥⣀⣃⢂⢨⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣦⣄⡏⠉⠁⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⢽⣿⡗⠄⠀⠀⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣽⣏⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣺⣿⡧⢃⡂⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠛⠈⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣾⣿⠜⡟⣀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣥⡗⠂⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣓⣧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣽⡟⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣿⣬⣵⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⣭⣮⡹⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣈⢿⢿⣟⣟⣿⣿⣛⢾⣿
⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣟⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⣬⣯⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢟⢿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣗⡿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣯⣷⣴⣲⣬⡽⡛⡛⣛⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⢿⣿⡿⣟⡝⣿⣿⣿⣏⢟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡱⢉⠻⠽⣿⣙⣿⣟⢿⣨
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣻⣾⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡷⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣷⣿⣿⣟⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣽⣿⣿⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣯⣟⢟⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1364
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_23/12/2021:_Krita_5.0_and_New_Benchmarks⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 11:39 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ BSDNow_434:_It’s_Quiz-mas_time⠀⇛
In this special xmas episode we let the audience
interview us using questions they sent us and we’ll
answer now. Tom, Allan, JT, and I are all here, so
stay tuned for some interesting answers to your
questions.
# ⚓ elementary_OS_6.1_‘Jolinr’_Review:_It_is_a_Promising_Minor
Update_–_Invidious⠀⇛
elementary OS 6.1, codenamed Jolnir, aims to polish
the massive changes introduced in its previous
release along with several subtle feature
additions. elementary OS 6.0 was an exciting
release.
# ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_935⠀⇛
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux,_AMD_GPU,_black_screen_on_boot⠀⇛
There we go. Hopefully, your AMD-graphics laptop
running Linux is now behaving correctly, and you’re
no longer seeing the black screen issue on boot
while using battery power (or any other scenario).
My tutorial outlines three major approaches: kernel
upgrade, power usage workaround, and some hackery
with kernel module parameters, which are risky and
most likely won’t give you the best results, but
hey.
I don’t like this kind of problems. They always
remind me of how fragile Linux is. Yes, it runs on
tons of hardware, and that’s commendable, but it’s
always 95% or 91%, never 100% through and through.
And that’s annoying. Well, anyway, that’s it. Now,
off I go to my next Tuxy hurdle. See you around.
o § Benchmarks⠀➾
# ⚓ macOS_12.1_vs._Ubuntu_vs._Clear_Linux_vs._Windows
Benchmarks⠀⇛
So for this comparison was the latest Windows 10 up
against Ubuntu 21.10 and Intel’s own Clear Linux
against Apple macOS 12.1. All tests were done on
the same 2018 Mac Mini with Intel Core i7 8700B
“Coffee Lake” processor with UHD Graphics 630, 8GB
of RAM, and 250GB SSD. The same system was used
throughout testing — the CPU frequency and memory
differences reported in the automated system table
just amount to how each OS exposes different
details, etc.
All operating systems were cleanly installed and
running in their out-of-the-box / default state.
Via the Phoronix Test Suite a variety of different
benchmarks that are all native to macOS / Windows /
Linux were run on this Mac Mini for satisfying the
curiosity how Windows is competing with macOS and
Linux.
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Quickemu_–_Run_Windows,_macOS,_and_Linux_Virtual_Machines⠀⇛
Quickemu is command-line software that repackages
QEMU to enable users to quickly create and run
optimized Linux, BSD, macOS, and Windows desktop
virtual machines. Currently, it is available to
only Linux users, but other desktop users might see
the app available on their machines in the near
future.
It is relatively easy to spin up new virtual
machines these days thanks to software such as
VirtualBox, VMWare, and Parallels Desktop. If you
have used any of these apps, then you must agree
with me that the setup options can be fewer and
that’s what Quickemu exists to present.
# ⚓ 6_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Music_Trackers⠀⇛
Linux is an attractive platform for professional
audio production. It is an extremely stable
operating system that has good support for audio
hardware. Using a Linux machine as the focus of
your recording setup opens a world of possibilities
for an affordable price.
A music tracker (short version tracker) is a type
of music sequencer software for creating music. The
music is represented as discrete musical notes
positioned in several channels at discrete
chronological positions on a vertical timeline.
# ⚓ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to_Apple_Pages⠀⇛
Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (Google’s parent),
Amazon and Facebook dominate the tech landscape.
Their dominance is so broad they account for more
than 20% of the S&P 500.
There are many things to admire about Apple’s
hardware and software. Apple make great looking
(albeit expensive) hardware. Over the years key
successes include the iPhone, iPad, iPod, and the
MacBook Air. The company designs its own hardware
and software. This gives them the power to make an
operating system and suite of apps that are tailor-
made and optimized for their hardware. Apple also
operates the Apple Music and Apple TV media
distribution platforms.
macOS is Apple’s proprietary operating system for
its line of Macintosh computers. Its interface,
known as Aqua, is highly polished and built on top
of a BSD derivative (Darwin). There’s a whole raft
of proprietary applications that are developed by
Apple for their operating software. This software
is not available for Linux and there’s no prospect
of that position changing.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Difference_between_Containerization_and_Orchestration:_A
Layman’s_Outlook⠀⇛
You might have come across these two terms in the
DevOps world, especially if you are a sysadmin.
There are already many articles that have tried to
explain the difference between containerization and
orchestration, but most of them focus their
comparison on Docker and Kubernetes.
Before differentiating between software, it is
essential to first understand the difference
between their purpose, as to why they were
developed in the first place.
So in this quick read, I have tried to explore what
the terms containerization and orchestration
actually mean as core concepts for beginners and
newbies.
How can you differentiate between containerization
and orchestration? Let us use an analogy.
# ⚓ Enable_PowerTools_Repository_on_Rocky_Linux_8_–
LinuxCapable⠀⇛
The PowerTools repository is a container that
contains many packages, libraries, and developer
tools for either creating from source or installing
applications. Most repositories rely on the
PowerTools to be enabled, including the most
popular Extra packages for the Enterprise Linux
repository.
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
quickly install the EPEL repository and enable
PowerTools on your Rocky Linux 8 system.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Secure_Apache_with_HTTPS_on_Fedora
Linux⠀⇛
The name Apache has earned its spot in the web
servers hall of fame because of its luring
attributes that continue to make it a popular web
server candidate around the globe.
These attributes include its open-source nature,
its numerous and easy-to-configure features, and
its large community support that make it easier for
both newbie and elite users to debug configuration
and performance issues related to Apache.
# ⚓ [Updated]_How_to_Install,_Create_and_Manage_LXC_in_Ubuntu/
Debian⠀⇛
Over the last decade, the open-source community has
seen a steady shift to containerization as the
preferred way of deploying applications thanks to
the numerous benefits it offers such as
portability, flexibility, increased security, and
easier management of applications. Popular
containerization technologies include Docker,
Podman, and LXD.
Written in Go language, LXD (pronounced as Lekseed)
is described as the next generation system
container and virtual machine manager that allows
you to manage your containers and virtual machines
from the command line, or by leveraging a REST API
or other third party tools. LXD is an open-source
project and is an extension of LXC (Linux
Containers) which is OS-level virtualization
technology.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_&_Enable_EPEL_/_EPEL_Next_Repository_on
CentOS_9_Stream_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛
EPEL, which stands for Extra Packages for
Enterprise Linux, is an open-source and free
repository that provides extra packages for
Enterprise Linux. The EPEL repository was created
because Fedora contributors wanted to use Fedora
packages they maintain on RHEL and other compatible
distributions such as CentOS, Rocky Linux,
AlmaLinux, to name a few.
The EPEL repository is also known for bringing
additional packages and updated packages that may
be behind in the core repository, along with
dependencies required by other external
repositories, for example, the Remi PHP repository.
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
install the EPEL repository and the EPEL Next
repository, which is the next testing version that
can come into use for newer packages when major
upgrades occur to the core distribution on CentOS 9
Stream.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ Skullgirls:_Umbrella_gets_an_Early_Access_release_with_the
story_mode_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
One of the best fighting games on PC is expanding
again, with the latest character getting a full DLC
that’s in Early Access right now with Skullgirls:
Umbrella. Previously limited to an Alpha for those
who have the Season Pass, this is your chance to
grab the full character alone.
You will still need to opt into the Beta to access
it, but now they’ve also pretty much finished the
story mode for Umbrella too but the developers said
it still need another go over some minor bits to
fully finish. Check out the new trailer below,
which also gives us a teaser of the next Skullgirls
character to come in 2022.
# ⚓ Get_I_Have_No_Mouth_And_I_Must_Scream_free_on_GOG_for_48
hours_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
During the GOG Winter Sale they have another game
giveaway and so you can grab the classic I Have No
Mouth And I Must Scream for free right now. The
giveaway lasts until December 25th at 2 PM UTC.
This is part of their Throwback Thursday series,
for which they have a dedicated list of other retro
delights you might want to take a look at.
# ⚓ Watch_Over_Christmas_is_a_sweet_festive_point_and_click
adventure_out_now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Visit the elves with a younger audience perhaps?
Looks like Watch Over Christmas could be a good
family game for you.
“Watch Over Christmas is a unique Christmassy game
that tells the story of a 12-year-old boy, Cisco,
who is called upon to save the most beloved holiday
of them all. On the night just before Christmas, an
unexpected visitor will inform him that Santa has
been abducted and that he is the only hope of
saving Christmas as we know it. Cisco will jump on
a quest through numerous fun and challenging
puzzles to preserve the magic of the Holidays.”
# ⚓ The_classic_Naev,_a_free_and_open_source_space_sim_version
0.9_released_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Time to explore space once again? Naev is an
absolute classic. It’s free, open source and it
continues to mature with some more modern features
available in the new 0.9 release. A space trading,
combat and exploration game inspired by the likes
of the Escape Velocity series.
# ⚓ Play_some_socially-distanced_tabletop_games_with_a_new
FoundryVTT_release_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
FoundryVTT version 9 has been released, further
improving many big parts of this excellent cross-
platform virtual tabletop experience and it’s
looking awesome. Allowing you to play many wildly
different game packs, with lots of officially
licensed games from various developers, virtual-
tabletopping is in a really good place right now.
One of the major new features of this release is
support for card games, as it now has mechanics
hooked up for handling Card Decks, Card Hands and
Card Piles.
# ⚓ Gamify_your_creativity_on_Linux_with_Dot_Matrix⠀⇛
Simplicity is sometimes undervalued. Something
that’s simple is often seen as the result of
laziness or as something trivial. But there are
many instances when simplicity is very useful.
Consider logo design, for example. Many of the most
famous logos are the ones designed to be simple and
easily reproducible. Think about the Signal logo,
the LibreOffice logo, or the KDE logo. They use
basic shapes, are not cluttered, and are
recognizable.
Even the Firefox logo, which began as a rather
complex illustration, has been revised and
simplified over the years.
Sometimes, simplicity also means memorable. And
that’s the case with the simple little application
Dot Matrix, described by its developer as a “glyph
playground of creativity.” Dot Matrix is a
minimalist illustration program that places severe
limitations on what tools you have available, what
shapes you can make, what colors you can use, and
much more, and it’s so much fun. It’s fun because
of how it limits you. Being a simple app forces you
to think in simple terms as you draw. You can’t
over-design an idea with Dot Matrix because you
simply don’t have the ability to do that.
# ⚓ SuperTux_0.6.3_Arcade_Game_Arrives_Just_in_Time_for
Christmas_with_New_Features⠀⇛
SuperTux 0.6.3 is here just in time for the
Christmas holidays and introduces new features like
swimming, wall jumping, new snow tiles, autotiles,
new objects (e.g. falling blocks, sideways bumper,
etc.), a new rublight object, custom particles, new
color picker, as well as in-game progress
statistics.
Additionally, the new release introduces an add-on
creator to allow you to create add-on packages with
your world, adds the ability to skip cutscenes,
updates the editor to automatically save your
changes at regular intervals, and adds timeshift
ambience in the worldmap.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Krita_5.0_Release_Notes⠀⇛
It has certainly been a long time coming and
a lot of hard work, but Krita 5 is here at
last! I can say with a measure of pride (and
a whole helping of relief for the development
team) that 5.0 is up there among the largest
and most significant updates that Krita has
ever seen, affecting and improving almost
every aspect of the program in a variety of
ways, big and small. And of course, there’s a
ton of cool new features that we can’t wait
for our community of artists to start working
with, but before we dig into the details…
# ⚓ Krita_5.0_Open-Source_Digital_Painting_Software
Officially_Released,_This_Is_What’s_New⠀⇛
Krita 5.0 is a massive update that brings
numerous new features and improvements,
starting with a completely revamped and
resource-friendly way to handle brushes,
gradients, palettes, and tagging, a built-in
storyboard editor, as well as a built-in
recorder so you can easily record your
painting sessions.
This new major Krita release also introduces
a new brush engine based on MyPaint,
completely revamps the smudge brush engine,
improves gradients to make them smoother and
handle wider gamuts, and overhauls the
Animation system with new features like
animated transform masks and clone frames.
# ⚓ Krita_5.0_Has_Arrived_–_And_It’s_Full_of_New
Features⠀⇛
Krita 5.0 is described as the ‘largest and
most significant update that Krita has ever
seen’. Almost every area of the app has been
improved, ranging from revamped handling of
brushes, gradients and palettes, to several
new or improved brush engines.
Additionally, Krita’s animation capabilities
get super-charged in Krita 5.0 thanks to a
crop of user interface improvements and the
inclusion of several new features, including
clone frames and animated transform masks.
There’s also a built-in storyboard editor to
help sketching out and planning animated
pieces.
# ⚓ Krita_5.0_Released_With_Big_Improvements_For_Open-
Source_Digital_Painting_/_2D_Animation⠀⇛
Krita is easily one of the best digital
painting / 2D animation / raster graphics
programs out there for being open-source /
free software and today is now even better
with the Krita 5.0 release.
Krita 5.0 is a wonderful end-of-year gift for
open-source artists and others making use of
this software over the past decade and a
half. Krita 5.0 revamps its handling of
brushes / gradients / palettes so they are
now faster and use “much less” memory as well
as being more reliable. Krita 5.0 also
features improvements to gradients, the
smudge brush engine has been rewritten, the
animation system has been overhauled, there
is now a built-in storyboard editor, a
recorder to make a video out of painting
sessions, and a heck of a lot more.
# ⚓ Krita_5.0_released⠀⇛
Version 5.0 of the Krita painting program has
been released. “This is a huge release, with
a lot of new features and improvements”.
Changes include a reworked resource system,
dithered gradients, faster color management,
a reworked animation subsystem, and more; see
the release notes for details.
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ 10_Best_Apps_to_Improve_Your_GNOME_Experience_[Part
1]⠀⇛
We give you details about the 10 best GNOME
Apps that can help you work seamlessly in
this amazing desktop.
o § Distributions⠀➾
# § BSD⠀➾
# ⚓ OpenBSD_on_MeLE_Quieter2⠀⇛
So I got the MeLE Quieter2Q. It ships an
Intel Celeron J4125 @2.00GHz and 8GB of RAM.
My model also comes with 256GB of eMMC
storage and 256GB of removable M.2 NVMe/SATA
2280. And it is fanless.
Installation when straightforward. Simply
plug the machine to an HDMI monitor (I used
my Samsung TV), connect a keyboard (I used an
wireless Logitech keyboard) and a USB stick
were install70.img was transferred.
# § Arch Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Manjaro_21.2.0_‘Qonos’_is_out,_the_Linux_distro_Valve
suggests_for_Steam_Deck_testing⠀⇛
A fresh new release of Manjaro Linux is out
now bringing with it tons of enhancements.
Manjaro 21.2.0 Qonos comes in multiple
editions with KDE Plasma, GNOME and Xfce
desktops available.
This is a Linux distribution based-on Arch
Linux, and it’s one that Valve actually
recommends to developers for testing to get
ahead of the game for the upcoming Steam Deck
handheld (as long as you go for the Plasma
edition, since it matches SteamOS 3′s desktop
mode).
What’s new in Manjaro 21.2?
Featuring Kernel 5.15 LTS as the standard,
with 5.4 LTS and 5.10 LTS offered for those
who need them for whatever reason, like
perhaps some older hardware. There’s “major”
improvements to their installer named
Calamares, with automatic partitioning and
enhanced support for the btrfs filesystem.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ (Some)_TP-Link_routers_enable_hidden_networks_by_default.
Is_that_an_issue?⠀⇛
There are plenty of security issues with many
routers including firmware that is seldom upgraded,
opened (telnet) port with the default password, and
the list could go on. But Jahed Ahmed recently
wrote about an issue I had not heard of before: his
TP-Link router shows two hidden networks in 2.4 GHz
and 5 GHz bands that he only discovered after
running WiFi Analyzer on his phone.
He did not enable those networks, so that was the
default configuration from the firmware. That could
potentially pose a security risk, contributes to
WiFi spam, and Jahed also mentions a waste of
energy although the extra power consumption is
probably limited, even when scaled to millions of
users. So why is TP-Link doing this? Apparently for
their OneMesh mesh wireless network system and
device including range and powerline extenders that
users may want to use.
# ⚓ Dual_10GbE_router_supports_WiFi_6_(AX3600)⠀⇛
We’ve just written about a Qualcomm IPQ8072A SBC/
reference design with two 10GbE ports and WiFi 6
that’s good for companies wanting to design their
own system, but if you’re looking for a dual 10GbE
router there are already options, notably QNAP
QHora-310W sold for $329 on Amazon.
But another dual 10GbE router with WiFi 6 was
brought to my attention from a company I had never
heard of. Acelink BR-6889AX is a WiFi 6 “AX3600
4T4R 10GE Router” based on Qualcomm IPQ8072A
processor that’s suitable for the connected home
and office networks including WFH use cases.
# ⚓ FreeBSD_and_I2C⠀⇛
I’ve been playing around with some I2C based
sensors from SparkFun. They have QWIIC connectors
making it easy to speak to them from SparkFuns
OpenLog Artemis. The OpenLog Artemis can log sensor
data to SD card and also presents itself as a
serial device where it streams data from the
sensors in a CSV-like format. It works great and I
can highly recommend the whole QWIIC ecosystem.
Occationally I need to use one of the QWIIC sensors
from some FreeBSD based system, without the OpenLog
Artemis. In this case I am using a Raspberry PI
Zero with FreeBSD a 13-CURRENT from December. This
is easy because the QWIIC system is just plain I2C
underneath, so it is easy to hook a sensor up
directly to the GPIO pins of the RPI with one of
these.
In FreeBSD land we have i2c(8) which is a userspace
utility for reading and writing to I2C devices. I
will start by going over basic usage before diving
deeper into the actual sensors I am playing with in
this learning session.
# § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ How_to_transfer_files_and_data_from_an_old_Android
phone_to_a_new_one⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_Set_an_App_Timer_on_Android_to_Control_Your
Screen_Time⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_13_could_gain_Panlingual_feature_for_per-app
language_settings⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_13_Could_Bring_Full_Bluetooth_LE_Audio
Support⠀⇛
# ⚓ Motorola_details_what_Android_12_update_will_bring,
device_list_–_9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ Realme_UI_3.0_(Android_12)_update_tracker:_Eligible
devices,_release_date_…⠀⇛
# ⚓ [Wave_1_markets]_Nokia_X10_5G_receiving_Android_12
update_now,_report_users._Update_size_–
Nokiapoweruser⠀⇛
# ⚓ Samsung’s_still-unreleased_Galaxy_S21_FE_5G_with
Android_12_stars_in_its_first_unboxing_video_–
PhoneArena⠀⇛
# ⚓ LG_Android_11_update_(LG_UX_10)_list_of_eligible
devices_&_release_date⠀⇛
# ⚓ Score_amazing_savings_on_the_OnePlus_9_Pro,_and_other
great_Android_devices_–_Pocketnow⠀⇛
# ⚓ 7_Best_Scanning_Apps_You_Can_Use_On_Your_Android
Smartphone⠀⇛
# ⚓ 8_top_ways_to_fix_unable_to_answer_calls_on_Android
phone⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_TV_with_Chromecast_Speaker_group
compatibility_issue⠀⇛
# ⚓ Delete_these_Android_apps,_because_they’re_infected
with_Joker_malware⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_sideload_Android_OTA_updates_on_your_Google
Pixel_–_Phandroid⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_Devices:_How_to_Monitor_and_Block_Ad_Trackers
|_Tech_Times⠀⇛
# ⚓ Lenovo_Legion_Y700_Android_gaming_tablet_has_an_8.8
inch_120_Hz_display_–_Liliputing⠀⇛
# ⚓ Samsung_halts_Android_12_rollout_after_Google_Play
issues_surface_|_Trusted_Reviews⠀⇛
# ⚓ Motorola_confirms_which_phones_will_get_Android_12
and_when⠀⇛
# ⚓ Oppo_Android_12_(ColorOS_12)_update_tracker:_Eligible
devices,_release…⠀⇛
# ⚓ Google_Pixel_Android_12_bugs,_problems,_&_issues
tracker⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_Automotive_gets_its_first_browser_and_it’s
not_Chrome⠀⇛
# ⚓ Top_10_Best_1v1_Fighting_Android_Games_–_2021⠀⇛
# ⚓ The_best_Android_apps_for_business_in_2022_|
Computerworld⠀⇛
# ⚓ Top_Two_Android_Sports_Betting_Apps_That_American
Bettors_Should_Download⠀⇛
# ⚓ Is_It_Possible_To_Recover_Deleted_Photos_On_An
Android_Device?_–_Ausdroid⠀⇛
# ⚓ Is_Samsung_looking_to_replace_Android_with_Fuchsia
OS?_|_TechRadar⠀⇛
# ⚓ Future_Samsung_Phones_May_Ditch_Android_for_This
Operating_System⠀⇛
# ⚓ Nokia_Oceania_official_satisfied_with_5G_take-up_in
Australia⠀⇛
A Nokia official in the Oceania region says
he is satisfied with the uptake of 5G in
Australia, pointing out that about 80% of the
smartphones sold in the country are now 5G-
capable.
o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Airbyte:_The_Money_and_Licensing_of_Software_Plumbing⠀⇛
AirByte, a basically open source startup that
specializes in connectors for data channels caught
the attention of venture capitalists in a big way
in 2021, completing three funding rounds that
raised a total of $181.2 million during the year,
for a valuation of $1.5 billion. Not bad for a
startup that won’t enter its second year until
early 2022.
It also seems to have avoided what could have been
a kerfuffle with open sourcers with a decision to
license the software that runs its SaaS platform
with the Elastic License v2. This move came with
the risk of generating a bit of unwanted
controversy, since the license is one of a spate of
licenses that have been created during the last
five years or so that some are derisively calling
“fauxpen source,” because they have some of the
trappings of open source but are believed to not
qualify for approval by the Open Source Initiative
standards organization.
# ⚓ Let_it_snow!_New:_xsnow_plays_better_with_xscreensaver,_see
the_‘settings’_tab⠀⇛
Xsnow has old roots and is adapting to new
environments, visible in the code, which is a good
thing for an application like xsnow. For example,
there is no convention whatsoever for the naming of
variables and functions. Something like
‘windonfallensnow’ can be spelled like:
‘windonfallensnow’, ‘wind_on_fallen_snow’,
‘WindOnFallenSnow’, WOFS and so on. The language
used is C, (not C++ as would be the obvious choice
now, however: see ‘Technical issues’ (no, not
Python or Ruby: we really need some performance)),
with many global variables, sometimes with not very
helpful names. The choice whether a function and
accompanying header files are placed is separate
files or in xsnow.c, is based on the moment of the
day, or the flipping of a coin. Xsnow-1.42 hardly
used floating point arithmetic, xsnow-2.0 uses a
mix of floating point and integer arithmetic,
floating point gradually taking over. The
documentation contains references to systems that
are extinct for many years, but description of new
flags has been noted to creep in. Xsnow’s genes
show traces of findent, and even of some
Hitchhikers Guide. The genes for ‘toon.h’ are
almost gone, there are at this moment better ways
to find the window to snow in. The program became
aware of the fact the Santa’s sleigh is pulled by 8
reindeers: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet,
Cupid, Dunder and Blixem. Later on, Rudolf could be
added. It seems that some of the pixmaps are
evolving in that direction.
# § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾
# ⚓ 10_tech_freebies_to_grab_now:_Software,_phone
service,_logos_and_more⠀⇛
Microsoft Office is pricey. You don’t need to
pay for it if you know about this free
alternative: LibreOffice. It’s a free, open-
source office suite compatible with Microsoft
Office files. Since it’s open-source
software, the program is continually updated
at no charge.
LibreOffice offers six programs that will
feel instantly familiar to you if you’ve used
Office before. Writer, Calc and Impress are
equivalent to Microsoft Word, Excel and
PowerPoint. They have most of the same
features. You might need to poke around to
find some of them.
Even better, LibreOffice can open and edit
the documents you made in Office and save new
files in Office formats. Download Libre
Office here.
# § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ HUENIT_modular_robot_arm_takes_3D_printer,_laser
engraver,_suction,_AI_camera_modules_(Crowdfunding)_–
CNX_Software⠀⇛
The company does not provide a lot of
information about software but says the robot
arm can be programmed with Block coding
(visual programming), Python, Arduino C++,
and G-code.
# § Rust⠀➾
# ⚓ This_Week_In_Rust:_This_Week_in_Rust_422⠀⇛
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Comfortable_Clothes,_Uncomfortable_Bias⠀⇛
o ⚓ Opinion_|_Winter_Solstice:_Finding_Light_in_Dark_Times⠀⇛
I’m writing this post on the Winter Solstice—the longest
night of the year. As I watched the sunrise this morning,
and as the vermilion clouds put on the stunning show
captured in this photograph, I felt my usual complex
feelings on this day. The first day of winter, when we
enter the coldest time of year in the northern
hemisphere, is also the beginning of the returning light.
The days will lengthen. The sun will begin its journey
back north. There is promise in this celestial rhythm.
o ⚓ Opinion_|_Ralph_Nader’s_Holiday_Season_Top_Reading
Recommendations⠀⇛
The most important books exposing real injustices are
often the least read. Nearly all of the hundreds of
thousands of neighborhood book clubs insist on only
reading and discussing works of fiction. They don’t want
hard feelings over disagreements.
o ⚓ A_Turn_to_the_Light⠀⇛
Make no mistake, there are some very dark corners left
over from the disastrous administration of the “former
guy” who seemed to attract corruption, grift, and
criminals like a magnet attracts iron filings. But now,
like peeling back the layers of an onion, the extent of
the rot left behind is being exposed to the light — and
once exposed, it can be and is being expunged.
There’s simply no doubt now that the attempted coup of
January 6 wasn’t simply some gathering of “tourists” in
the nation’s capital. No, as more and more evidence comes
forth from thousands of documents, emails, texts and
witnesses, the truth will not be whitewashed by certain
politicians and media figures.
o ⚓ Soul_Train_and_the_Desire_for_Black_Power⠀⇛
There’s likely no single Black-owned brand that elicits a
collective smile more than Soul Train, the nationally
syndicated dance show that premiered 50 years ago this
fall. Host and founder Don Cornelius’s adage of “Love,
Peace, and Soul” resonated for generations, unleashing
what Nelson George has called the civil rights movement’s
secret power: “Black Joy.” Yet embedded within the funky
rhythms, ethereal harmonies, and Day-Glo body suits was a
desire for something more elusive: Black Power.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Here’s_why_you_can’t_buy_DDR5_memory,_and_won’t_anytime
soon⠀⇛
The supply problem isn’t with the memory chips
themselves, but rather some of the more advanced
components that go into the design of DDR5 modules.
With more of the essential hardware like power
management circuits moved from the motherboard to
the module in the DDR5 spec, finding those
components to create the new designs has become
much more difficult. According to the CEO from
Micron (as quoted by Tom’s Hardware), one of the
industry’s largest supplies of computer memory,
demand for DDR5 is “significantly exceeding supply”
and will continue to do so until at least the
second half of 2022. And of course, that’s on top
of a significant price premium for the new
hardware.
# ⚓ New_Holographic_Display_Hacks_The_Light_Field_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
[Petapixel] has an interesting post about a startup
company’s new holographic display that claims to be
“indistinguishable from reality.” The company
behind it, Light Field Labs, claims their system
requires no glasses and handles different angles.
You can see a bit in the [C|Net] video below, but —
of course — being on YouTube, you can’t get a sense
for how good the 3D effect is.
It seems that while most displays try to project
into a 3D volume or onto a flat display media,
“solid light” works more like a real hologram,
using a phase guide to project light at different
phases and allows inference like an actual
hologram.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ ‘Anti-5G’_Jewelry_Found_To_Be…_Radioactive_And_Dangerous⠀⇛
We’ve noted for years how much of the hysteria
surrounding 5G health hazards aren’t based on
actual science. In fact, 5G in general is arguably
less powerful that previous standards; especially
millimeter wave 5G, which struggles with distance
and wall penetration. Most 5G health freak outs
you’ll see online are often based on a twenty year
old misinterpreted graph that doesn’t actually say
what folks claim it does. That’s not to say it’s
impossible that cellular technology could be
harming human health, just that the evidence we
have so far absolutely does not point in that
direction.
# ⚓ Democrats_Implore_Biden_Officials_to_Create_Vaccine_Rules
for_Domestic_Flights⠀⇛
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Free_At-Home_Tests_Are_a_Start,_But_Biden_Must
Move_Faster_and_Go_Bigger_to_End_Pandemic⠀⇛
President Joe Biden marched triumphantly into the
Oval Office almost a year ago promising to strike a
mortal blow to the Covid-19 pandemic. Eleven months
later, the Omicron variant is forcing many
communities back into partial lockdown at
Christmastime, and America faces the prospect of a
bruising fourth wave of the pandemic. And yet, the
White House still refuses to utilize the full
extent of its powers to fully fight Covid and save
American lives. This is dangerous and concerning.
# ⚓ As_Covid_Surges_Again,_Decarceration_Is_More_Necessary_Than
Ever⠀⇛
As the more infectious Omicron variant sweeps
across the United States, the nearly 2 million
people incarcerated in America are facing
intensifying levels of danger and instability.
Under the weight of ongoing Covid-19 outbreaks and
staff vaccine refusal, sickness, death, no-shows,
and rapid turnover, jails and prisons have become
increasingly deadly places for those who live and
work inside their walls. Failures to protect those
held in America’s roughly 5,150 jails and prisons
have made these institutions into taxpayer-funded
epidemic engines that have driven millions of
preventable Covid-19 cases throughout US
communities. In response, the consensus among
national health and safety experts has been that
large-scale decarceration is required to protect
the public. For almost two years, lawmakers have
largely ignored the appeals of health leaders,
incarcerated people, prison staff, and community
activists who know very well that, despite claims
to the contrary, mass incarceration does not serve
public safety.
# ⚓ Trump’s_COVID_Army_Boos_Him_for_Revealing_That_He_Received
a_Booster_Shot⠀⇛
# ⚓ UKania’s_Tories_on_the_Skids⠀⇛
Theresa May won the election to be Conservative
Party leader and prime minister, and appointed BoJo
Foreign Secretary in July 2016.
In July 2018, 3 days after a cabinet meeting at
Chequers to finalize a Brexit strategy, BoJo
resigned his post. Few regard his time at the
Foreign Office as a success. BoJo returned to the
backbenches and resumed his spotty career as a
journalist.
# ⚓ Biden_Addresses_Omicron_Surge_as_Nation_Faces_COVID_Testing
Shortage_&_Overwhelmed_Hospitals⠀⇛
President Biden has announced a plan to begin
distributing 500 million at-home COVID tests
starting in January in response to the latest surge
in cases, linked to the highly transmissible
Omicron variant of the coronavirus. His plan also
includes the establishment of new federal testing
sites and the deployment of military medical
personnel to help overwhelmed hospitals around the
country. Dr. Tsion Firew, an assistant professor of
emergency medicine at the Columbia University
Medical Center, says nurses and other healthcare
providers are quitting or retiring in large numbers
as the pandemic drags on, leading to an even
greater strain on those still on the frontlines.
“It’s just very frustrating and also overburdening
our healthcare system,” she says.
# ⚓ FDA_Authorization_of_Pfizer’s_Covid_Pill_Leads_to_Fears_of
‘Global_Medical_Apartheid_Part_Two’⠀⇛
While public health officials in the U.S. on
Wednesday applauded the Food and Drug
Administration’s authorization of Paxlovid,
Pfizer’s pill to combat the worst effects of Covid-
19, experts warned the limited worldwide
availability of the drug would give way to a new
layer of inequality—condemning billions of people
in low- and middle-income countries to more severe
and possibly deadly illness.
“If Pfizer is really interested in ensuring global
access to this treatment, it should make clear that
it will not stand in the way of generic production
and competition anywhere.”
# ⚓ Honey_bees,_Varroa_mites_and_unintended_consequences⠀⇛
It seems pretty clear, then, that propolis helps
protect against Varroa infestations. But this
raises the question of why bees do not make more
use of it in their brood cells. A plausible answer
is that the ability to do so has been bred out of
them.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ Proctorio’s_Anti-Cheating_Software_Exposes_Students
To_Hackers_Say_Dutch_Education_Officials⠀⇛
Spyware is spyware. It doesn’t matter who’s
deploying it. Proctorio — the snitchware
maker that helps schools keep tabs on
distance learners — has made headlines here
for abusing the DMCA to silence security
researchers who found flaws in the remote
surveillance software. Bogus claims were
filed and Proctorio is currently being sued
by the EFF and one target of its censorial
bullshit.
# ⚓ Electric_fastback_Polestar_2_parks_Vivaldi_browser_in
car_•_The_Register⠀⇛
Electric cars and browsers have been a thing
for a while; a Chromium-based browser has
lurked within Teslas, but for cars running
Android Automotive on their dashboards,
options were limited.
Its presence on the Polestar 2, Swedish
carmaker Volvo’s sub-brand, was announced
prior to the vehicle’s availability last
year. Unlike Android Auto, which simply
mirrors Android apps from a device onto a
car’s information and entertainment display,
Android Automotive is designed to be embedded
within the vehicle itself.
However, despite the presence of all manner
of apps, one omission from the world of
Android Automotive on the Polestar 2 was a
browser, much to the bafflement of some
drivers (judging by forum posts on the
matter).
# § Security⠀➾
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ AI_Surveillance_Of_Prison_Calls_Scooping
Up_Millions_Of_Conversations,_Producing
Little_Actionable_Info⠀⇛
There’s not much privacy in
prison. And there’s going to be
even less. Inmates are warned
that all calls are monitored. How
often this goal is achieved is
impossible to say, but tech
advances are making it a reality.
Attorney-client privilege is
supposed to be respected in
prisons, but we’ve already seen
instances where it hasn’t been,
thanks to automated monitoring
equipment.
# ⚓ Facebook_Wins_Data_Privacy_Lawsuit,
Carriers_Oppose_Backup_Power_Mandates,
Action_on_Suicide_Site⠀⇛
A federal judge has dismissed a
lawsuit against Facebook from
company stockholders that alleged
the social media platform allowed
third party companies such as
data consultancy Cambridge
Analytica to obtain millions of
users’ personal information.
# ⚓ TikTok_surpasses_Google_as_most_popular
site_in_2021⠀⇛
TikTok has dislodged Google as
the most popular site in 2021,
according to the latest data from
web security company Cloudflare.
The social media app overtook
other tech behemoths that ranked
above it last year, including
Amazon, Apple, Facebook,
Microsoft and Netflix.
The popular social media app
ranked seventh to Google’s first
in 2020 and got a little “help”
from the pandemic, according to a
blog post titled “Popular Domains
Year In Review 2021.”
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ UN_Fails_to_Agree_on_‘Killer_Robot’_Ban_as_Nations_Pour
Billions_Into_Autonomous_Weapons_Research⠀⇛
The United Nations Convention on Certain
Conventional Weapons debated the question of
banning autonomous weapons at its once-every-five-
years review meeting in Geneva Dec. 13-17, 2021,
but didn’t reach consensus on a ban. Established in
1983, the convention has been updated regularly to
restrict some of the world’s cruelest conventional
weapons, including land mines, booby traps and
incendiary weapons.
Autonomous weapon systems are robots with lethal
weapons that can operate independently, selecting
and attacking targets without a human weighing in
on those decisions. Militaries around the world are
investing heavily in autonomous weapons research
and development. The U.S. alone budgeted US$18
billion for autonomous weapons between 2016 and
2020.
# ⚓ AOC_Leads_Demand_for_Biden_to_Work_on_Ending_Saudi_Blockade
of_Crucial_Yemen_Airport⠀⇛
Amid new airstrikes on Yemen’s Sanaa International
Airport by the U.S.-backed Saudi-led coalition and
an imminent reduction in critical food assistance
to the war-torn nation, a bipartisan group of U.S.
lawmakers have joined global humanitarian
organizations in urging the immediate reopening of
the vital travel, trade, and aid hub.
“The Biden administration should leverage all
possible influence to pressure the Saudi-led
coalition to end its blockade of Sanaa
International Airport.”
# ⚓ The_Pentagon’s_20-Year_Killing_Spree_Has_Always_Treated
Civilians_as_Expendable⠀⇛
Such pretenses should be grimly laughable to anyone
who has read high-quality journalism from
eyewitness reporters like Anand Gopal and Nick
Turse. For instance, Gopal’s article for The New
Yorker in September, “The Other Afghan Women,” is
an in-depth, devastating piece that exposes the
slaughter and terror systematically inflicted on
rural residents of Afghanistan by the U.S. Air
Force.
Turse, an incisive author and managing editor at
TomDispatch, wrote this fall: “Over the last 20
years, the United States has conducted more than
93,300 air strikes — in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya,
Pakistan, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen — that killed
between 22,679 and 48,308 civilians, according to
figures recently released by Airwars, a U.K.-based
airstrike monitoring group. The total number of
civilians who have died from direct violence in
America’s wars since 9/11 tops out at 364,000
to 387,000, according to Brown University’s Costs
of War Project.”
# ⚓ US_Military_and_Sustainability⠀⇛
Should we issue a statement of concern? Should we
impose trade sanctions? Should we bomb a few
Chinese military bases? Should we just declare war
on China?
Whatever response is appropriate in our thought
experiment, now consider that the actual
perpetrator is the US military. Indeed, the US Army
is accusing the US Navy of contaminating the water
in a massive number of its 24 military communities
in the vicinity of Pearl Harbor. US Navy attacks US
military on Pearl Harbor? Can it get any more
ironic?
# ⚓ Downhill_from_the_Summit_for_Democracy⠀⇛
One hundred countries were invited. Most of them
are considered by Freedom House to be “free” based
on its ranking system, which ranks 210 nations and
territories.
But nearly a third (32) of the invited countries
are rated as only “partly free” or “not free.”
China (9) and Russia (20) were not invited, of
course; their governments reacted angrily. To the
credit of the organizers, several countries
generally close to the United States but with
authoritarian leaderships were also not invited:
Turkey (32), Saudi Arabia (7), Hungary (69),
Thailand (30), Qatar (25), Singapore (48), and
Egypt (14). Most of their governments were angry,
too.
# ⚓ Embracing_Che:_The_Man_Behind_the_Myth⠀⇛
I remember 1968 as a year of nearly unparalleled
international solidarity, when Che’s legacy
inspired a generation or two that aimed to
dismantle American imperialism, make a revolution
and usher in genuine socialism world wide. There
hasn’t been a year like 1968 since 1968, not even
1989, the year the Berlin Wall came down and when
protesters in the “pro-democracy movement” were
slaughtered by government troops at Tiananmen
Square in Beijing. Twenty-two years earlier, on 9
October 1967, Che was murdered by Bolivian soldiers
with the connivance of the CIA.
Reading the Bolivian Diary, which has just been
republished in a new edition by Seven Stories,
along with Fidel’s 1968 introduction, strongly
suggests that by the end of September 1967 Che knew
his days were numbered. “The most important task
is to escape [the encirclement] and seek more
favorable areas,” he wrote in his summary of the
month. “The [Bolivian] army is demonstrating more
effectiveness in action and the peasant masses are
not helping us with anything and are becoming
informers.” Not good news.
# ⚓ War_With_Russia?⠀⇛
At the end of February 2014, Russian soldiers
without insignia seized key facilities in Crimea
and then helped secessionists in eastern Ukraine
some weeks later. Crimea is now under Russian
control, and a civil war continues to flare up over
the breakaway regions of Donetsk and Luhansk in the
east.
Second, the United States has repeatedly provoked
Russia by pushing the boundaries of NATO ever
eastward.
# ⚓ ‘Literally_Celebrating_Killing_People’:_Chris_Hayes_Segment
Details_Growing_Right-Wing_Bloodlust⠀⇛
In under nine minutes, MSNBC host Chris Hayes on
Tuesday night summarized the American right wing’s
transformation in recent years into a political
movement that openly celebrates violence, zeroing
in on America Fest 2021—a conservative gathering
taking place in Phoenix this week where Kyle
Rittenhouse was celebrated by influential Fox News
hosts and received a standing ovation.
Eighteen-year-old Rittenhouse, who was found not
guilty last month of homicide charges after he shot
and killed two people and wounded a third at racial
justice protests in Kenosha, Wisconsin last year,
“received the rock star treatment” at the summit,
where organizers lit up a pyrotechnic display and
the audience of 6,700 chanted Rittenhouse’s name as
he walked on stage.
# ⚓ Michael_Flynn_Sues_January_6_Commission,_Seeking_to_Block
Subpoena⠀⇛
# ⚓ The_US_Military_Is_Bulldozing_Sacred_Indigenous_Sites_on
Guam⠀⇛
Hagåtña, Guam—Before the colonial era, Sabånan
Fadang, on the United States island territory of
Guam, was Indigenous burial grounds. Now, it’s
mostly a field of flattened dirt and rock. The US
military has bulldozed the site in preparation for
construction of a Marine Corps base—part of a
buildup of troops and facilities on Guam, a US
military outpost in the Western Pacific. This
article was published with support from the Gumshoe
Group and Columbia University’s Ira A. Lipman
Center for Journalism and Civil and Human Rights.
# ⚓ The_US_Empire_After_Afghanistan⠀⇛
# ⚓ A_Pentagon_Cover-Up:_Azmat_Khan_on_How_U.S._Hid_Thousands
of_Civilian_Deaths_in_Middle_East_Air_War⠀⇛
U.S. air power has been central in the country’s
wars in Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq and elsewhere,
with officials promising that drones and other
sophisticated weapons allow the U.S. military to
carry out precision airstrikes that spare civilians
caught in war zones. But a groundbreaking
investigation by The New York Times reveals the
U.S. military’s air wars have been plagued by bad
intelligence, imprecise targeting and a lack of
accountability for thousands of civilian deaths,
many of them children. The two-part series by
reporter Azmat Khan is based on a trove of internal
Pentagon documents, as well as on-the-ground
reporting from dozens of airstrike sites and
interviews with scores of survivors. “What you have
is a scale of civilian death and injury that is
vastly different than what they claim,” says Khan,
who spent five years on the investigation.
# ⚓ A_road_to_nowhere_Russian_recruiters_are_mobilizing
mercenaries_for_a_‘trip_to_the_Donbas.’_What_they’re_expected
to_do_there_remains_unclear.⠀⇛
Ukraine was the main topic of discussion during a
video call between Russian President Vladimir Putin
and U.S. President Joe Biden in early December.
According to American intelligence, Russia is
preparing for a full-scale invasion of the Eastern
European country. And by all appearances the
virtual talks changed little: despite the threat of
new sanctions. Moscow, according to the Pentagon,
is continuing to mass troops near the border with
Ukraine (open source analysts note that an
“alarming quantity” of equipment is being brought
in, as well). Nevertheless, many experts still
believe that an all-out war is unlikely. Against
the backdrop of these tensions, Meduza’s sources
say that recruiters have started mobilizing
mercenaries for a “combat trip to the Donbas.”
Whether or not they’ll actually fight on the
frontline remains unknown. Meduza special
correspondent Liliya Yapparova spoke with the
mercenaries themselves and discovered that they,
too, are skeptical.
# ⚓ Defence_report_defines_key_threats_to_Denmark [iophk:
Windows TCO]⠀⇛
According to the annual Danish Defence Intelligence
Service (DDIS) threat evaluation report, there are
six main areas that present the biggest threat to
Denmark.
Among those are cybercrime, global terrorism,
tensions in the Arctic and issues relating to
Russia and China.
# ⚓ Man_whose_wife’s_Facebook_posts_tipped_off_FBI_to_Capitol_
[insurrection]_involvement_is_sentenced_to_probation⠀⇛
The man, Gary Edwards, 68, of Southampton, pleaded
guilty as part of a plea agreement to demonstrating
in the Capitol and was sentenced Monday in federal
court, online records show.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Green_Group_Launches_Suit_Over_Biden_Administration’s
Failure_to_Protect_Polar_Bears_From_Arctic_Drilling⠀⇛
Asserting that “continued oil and gas exploration
and development is fundamentally incompatible with
polar bear survival and recovery,” the Center for
Biological Diversity on Wednesday launched a
lawsuit against the Biden administration for
failing to protect the imperiled animals from an
oil exploration project in the Western Arctic.
“Every new oil well in the Arctic is another step
toward the polar bear’s extinction.”
# ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Fed_Must_Act_on_the_Climate_Crisis_to_Protect
Our_Planet_and_Economy⠀⇛
# ⚓ 2021:_Year_in_Review_for_Climate_Change_Wins_and_Losses⠀⇛
As 2021 comes to a close, we look back on a year
that was full of climate chaos, relentless oil
industry propaganda, and frustrating progress on
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. But 2021 also
saw a significant number of victories against the
expansion of the fossil fuel industry in the U.S.
and around the world, and some glimmers of hope for
climate action.
The year started with a conspiracy-fueled coup plot
on the U.S. government by President Trump and his
supporters in what was ultimately a failed attempt
to stay in power. Two weeks later, President Biden
was sworn into office, and he quickly signed a
flurry of executive orders that included the
cancelation of the Keystone XL pipeline and a pause
on new oil and gas leases on federal lands. Those
moves signaled an intention to prioritize climate
change during the Biden era after years of
giveaways to the fossil fuel industry.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_2021′s_Climate_Extremes:_One_Side_of_the_Country
Is_Too_Wet,_the_Other_Dangerously_Dry⠀⇛
Alongside a lingering global pandemic, the year
2021 was filled with climate disasters, some so
intense they surprised even the scientists who
study them.
# § Energy⠀➾
# ⚓ ‘Historic’_NYC_Pension_Fund_Fossil_Fuel_Divestment
Heralded_as_Model_for_Others⠀⇛
In what climate campaigners on Wednesday
celebrated as not only a “historic” win but
also a model for the rest of the country, New
York City Comptroller Scott M. Stringer and
trustees of major public pensions funds
announced a $3 billion divestment from fossil
fuels.
“Today is a major victory for our planet, our
children, and our pensioners.”
# ⚓ Funding_for_‘Sustainable_Biomass’_a_Drop_in_the_Ocean
Compared_with_Drax_Subsidies,_Campaigners_Say⠀⇛
New government funding for domestic biomass
projects “pales in significance” to the
subsidies received by the controversial
biomass company Drax, whose North Yorkshire
power plant is the UK’s single biggest source
of emissions, campaigners have said.
Under the “biomass feedstocks innovation
programme”, start-ups experimenting with
algae, seaweed, hemp and whiskey by-products
can now bid for a share of £26 million to
create pilot projects, it was announced on
Monday.
# ⚓ Helsinki’s_energy_company_to_end_use_of_coal_five
years_ahead_of_schedule⠀⇛
HELEN, the energy utility owned by the City
of Helsinki, has announced it will accelerate
its transition to carbon-neutral energy
production by shutting down its coal-fired
power plant in Salmisaari, Helsinki, by 1
April 2024.
The decision enables the energy company to
end the use of coal five years ahead of
schedule, given the closure of its other
coal-fired combined heat and energy plant, in
Hanasaari, by 1 April 2023.
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ Rivers_are_Protected_When_We_Protect_Our_Forests⠀⇛
Protecting Montana rivers means that the
surrounding forests will not be logged and
roaded. Logging eliminates or reduces the
shade forests provide. As a result, spring
snow melts occur much earlier. The summer
supply of water to rivers will be reduced as
a result. Logging also involves building new
roads. Although the Forest Service usually
claims these roads are “temporary,” their
effect of subsurface water flow down to
rivers and streams is not. These roads
intercept the subsurface water drainage in
forests, whereby water is delivered to rivers
and steams in hours or days, instead of weeks
and months.
If you really are concerned about protecting
Montana’s rivers, you need to address how the
massive logging programs that are ongoing
with the Custer Gallatin National Forest, in
the greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, are
impacting rivers, instead of just claiming
support for the Montana Headwaters Legacy
Act. Recent examples of this massive logging
program include the East Boulder, Bozeman
Watershed, Lonesome Wood, Rendezvous Trails,
North Hebgen, East Bridger, and Greater Red
Lodge projects. Individuals and the Montana
congressional delegation can’t have it both
ways.
# § Overpopulation⠀➾
# ⚓ ‘Let_Us_Eat’:_Kabul_Protesters_Demand_Release_of
Frozen_Afghan_Assets⠀⇛
As the people of Afghanistan face increasing
impoverishment and hardship exacerbated by a
U.S.-led block on billions of dollars in
Afghan assets, hundreds of demonstrators took
to the streets of the capital Kabul Tuesday
to demand that foreign governments and
financial institutions release the frozen
funds.
“Such economic pressures on Afghanistan are
against international principles. Our people
are struggling with economic problems here.”
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ Voters_Support_Permanent_Expansion_of_‘Critical’_Child_Tax
Credit,_New_Poll_Shows⠀⇛
Lawmakers are poised to allow an historic
investment in lower- and middle-class families
lapse as the Child Tax Credit is likely to
expire—despite data showing the monthly payments
have helped millions of families this year and that
Americans support the CTC by a 26-point margin.
Fighting Chance for Families—a project started by
progressive think tank Data for Progress with the
goal of advocating for the expansion of the Child
Tax Credit (CTC)—released polling on Wednesday
showing nearly half—49%—of likely voters support
making the payments permanent, while only 42% say
they should end.
# ⚓ Progressives_Reignite_Call_for_Biden_to_Cancel_Student
Debt:_‘All._Of._It.’⠀⇛
Progressives in both chambers of Congress responded
to U.S. President Joe Biden’s Wednesday decision to
extend a freeze on student loan repayments with
calls for him to go further by forgiving the entire
debt burden of federal borrowers..
“We cannot afford more delays—now is the time for
the president to act.”
# ⚓ How_a_Group_of_Starbucks_Workers_Emerged_Victorious_in
Their_Union_Fight⠀⇛
“It is significant,” says Cedric de Leon of the
Starbucks union vote. De Leon is the director of
the Labor Center at the University of Massachusetts
Amherst, where he is an associate professor of
sociology, and he is the author of several books
about labor organizing in the U.S. “The employer
knows it and the workers know that establishing a
beachhead in one of the largest corporations, and
really an iconic brand in the U.S. hospitality
market, is a major accomplishment.”
Ahead of ballots being cast, Starbucks tried
to delay the vote and even stacked the Buffalo
cafés with new staff to try to dilute “yes” votes.
It flew in external managers to closely watch
workers in what was seen as brazen intimidation.
The company, which has long resisted union
activity, brought its former Chief Executive Howard
Schultz to Buffalo to discourage workers from
unionizing, even shutting down its cafés during his
Saturday visit so they could attend what was
essentially a captive-audience address.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Debunking_the_Eternal_Economic_Growth_Model⠀⇛
Over the last three decades, a growing number of
scientists and ecologists have argued that economic
growth has long outstripped the capacity of the
planetary ecosystem. They have developed numerous
sophisticated models to demonstrate their point.
They have boiled down the technical
information—about the availability of mineral
resources, the limits of energy generation, the
constraints of food production, the effects of
biodiversity loss, and of course the impact of
climate change—into accessible texts. They have
lobbied governments, and they have crafted
soundbites for the media.
# ⚓ Facing_Scrutiny,_Biden_Administration_Extends_Student_Loan
Pause_Until_May⠀⇛
# ⚓ First_US_Omicron_Death_Was_Reinfection,_Debunking_GOP’s
“Natural_Immunity”_Claim⠀⇛
# ⚓ ‘Major_Win_for_45_Million_Student_Debtors’:_Biden_Extends
Loan_Payment_Freeze⠀⇛
President Joe Biden announced Wednesday that his
administration is extending the soon-to-lapse pause
on student loan payments until May 1, staving
off—at least for several months—a potential
financial disaster for tens of millions of
borrowers amid the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.
“With the stroke of a pen, Biden can dramatically
boost the economy, narrow the racial wealth gap,
keep a key campaign promise.”
# ⚓ Sanders_Urges_Biden_to_Cancel_All_Student_Loans_After_Biden
Announces_Freeze⠀⇛
# ⚓ Chicago’s_Last_Black-Owned_Bank_Got_Millions_in_Government
Deposits_—_Then_Had_to_Give_Them_Back⠀⇛
The $20 million deposit was supposed to be a
turning point.
When the city of Chicago deposited the money into
Illinois’ last Black-owned bank in 2017, the story
received national news coverage. The city treasurer
said the deposit represented a “paradigm shift” in
how the government supported community investment.
And the bank’s owner and chairman predicted that it
would strengthen the institution and “help people
fulfill their dreams.”
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ We_Mobilized_Young_People_to_Support_Biden._He’s_Failing
Us.⠀⇛
Most days it feels like the deck is stacked against
young people—rising rent and evictions, a worsening
climate crisis, loved ones being deported and
denied citizenship, and insurmountable student
debt. And while young people are trying to survive
in a system that has neglected them for decades,
President Joe Biden and Democratic leadership are
caving to Senator Joe Manchin, a coal baron from
West Virginia who profits off poisoning our
communities, and racist, undemocratic Senate
rules—all at the expense of young people and our
futures. The time for bold, progressive change is
now, and if Democrats don’t deliver, young people
will elect new leaders in 2022 and 2024 who will.
# ⚓ What_the_Pandemic_Has_Taught_Us_About_American_Democracy⠀⇛
For many people, the Covid-19 pandemic has shown
that democracy in the United States is
fundamentally broken. With the exception of
vaccines, the government has failed to help develop
and quickly implement strategies for tracing and
containing the outbreaks. As the economy ground to
a halt during last year’s lockdowns, unemployment
swelled, as did food insecurity and debt. Covid
further exposed the country’s deep socioeconomic
disparities: The health and finances of Black
Americans and other minorities were most affected
by the pandemic, and the move to remote learning at
the majority of the nation’s schools forced many
women to drop out of the workforce for lack of
child care. Moreover, Joe Biden’s defeat of Donald
Trump has done little to ease widespread public
distrust of government, as demonstrated by the
continued divide over masking and vaccines.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Why_the_Idea_of_Progress_Is_Dead_in_America⠀⇛
A conservative is someone who stands athwart
history, yelling Stop, at a time when no one is
inclined to do so, or to have much patience with
those who so urge it.—William F. Buckley, Jr.
# ⚓ Pramila_Jayapal_Is_Not_Having_Any_of_Your_Nonsense⠀⇛
Congressional Progressive Caucus chair Pramila
Jayapal admits to being a wee bit frustrated
heading into the holidays. Not merely with Senator
Joe Manchin’s decision to torpedo the long-
negotiated Build Back Better social infrastructure
bill, but also with the way reporters are covering
it, and even with some progressive allies’
criticism that Jayapal herself paved the way for
the policy meltdown, by agreeing to pass a
bipartisan infrastructure bill Manchin supported,
without simultaneously enacting the ambitious child
care, elder care, child tax credit, and
environmental legislation that contained policies
dearer to progressives’ hearts.
# ⚓ Forget_Manchin._Sanders_Says_Entire_Democratic_Party_Must
Show_‘Guts’_Against_Corporate_Interests⠀⇛
Stressing a need to pass the “enormously important”
Build Back Better bill, Sen. Bernie Sanders said
this week that failure to do so would indicate to
Americans that Democrats “don’t have the guts to
take on the powerful special interests.”
The Vermont Independent’s remarks on MSNBC’s
“Rachel Maddow Show” on Monday night came after
Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia
announced on Fox News that he was a “no” on his
party’s social spending and climate reconciliation
package, delivering a potential death blow to the
legislation his opposition had already weakened.
# ⚓ Corporate_Donations_Poured_Into_Manchin’s_PAC_Ahead_of
Final_‘No’_on_Build_Back_Better⠀⇛
New federal disclosures reveal that major
corporations poured donations into West Virginia
Sen. Joe Manchin’s political action committee in
the weeks leading up to his pivotal announcement
Sunday that he would oppose the Build Back Better
Act, a stance that progressives argue is motivated
by the senator’s deference to special interests.
CNBC reported late Tuesday that Federal Election
Commission (FEC) filings show that donors to
Manchin’s Country Roads PAC raked in 17
contributions from corporations in October and 19
in November as he pared back and repeatedly
threatened to tank Democrats’ $1.75 trillion social
spending and climate legislation.
# ⚓ Manchin’s_PAC_Raked_In_Corporate_Donations_Just_Before_He
Axed_Build_Back_Better⠀⇛
# ⚓ GOP_Set_to_Ramp_Up_Voter_Suppression_Efforts_in_2022⠀⇛
# ⚓ It’s_Still_the_Trump_Era_and_Worse_is_Coming⠀⇛
You are not crazy.
Yes, the president is still Sleepy Time Joe, a
Democrat who announced his 2020 campaign with a
video (softly) linking Trump to the rise of Nazism
in 1930s Germany, and the Congress is still run by
slim Democrat majorities in both of its houses.
# ⚓ China_regulator_suspends_cyber_security_deal_with_Alibaba
Cloud⠀⇛
Chinese regulators on Wednesday suspended an
information-sharing partnership with Alibaba Cloud
Computing, a subsidiary of e-commerce conglomerate
Alibaba Group, over accusations it failed to
promptly report and address a cybersecurity
vulnerability, according to state-backed media
reports.
Alibaba Cloud did not immediately report
vulnerabilities in the popular, open-source logging
framework Apache Log4j2 to China’s
telecommunications regulator, according to 21st
Century Business Herald, citing a recent notice by
the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
(MIIT).
# ⚓ How_we_fought_an_anti_encryption_law_in_Belgium_–_and
won!⠀⇛
Oftentimes when governments announce plans to
weaken citizens’ privacy rights for the sake of
‘security’, the public outcry is loud and clear: If
you weaken security in online services to catch
criminals, you weaken the security online for all
citizens. However, oftentimes this warning is
ignored by governments. But this is not the story
we want to share with you today; this one is a
different story.
# ⚓ The_Elizabeth_Holmes_Trial_Is_an_Indictment_of_US_Health
Care⠀⇛
More surprising and disturbing than the seduction
of journalists is that Theranos’s top-tier
investors didn’t smell something unpleasant years
ago. This has been an essential discovery during
Holmes’ trial; Bloomberg reported: “Theranos
forecast revenue of $140 million in 2014, and
almost $1 billion for 2015. Holmes’s top financial
officer testified that Theranos posted just
$150,000 in revenue in 2014. Evidence at trial
shows it was even less in 2015.” This kind of
shortfall should have triggered nuclear alerts,
from major investors and board members; the lack of
public flares vividly illustrates the cynical
corruption of America’s financial leadership.
But the broader indictment should be of the for-
profit health care system that made Theranos
attractive in the first place. One of the trial’s
most telling threads involved Theranos not
disclosing basic information to Walgreens because
it was trying to protect trade secrets.
# ⚓ Jack_Dorsey’s_hot_Web3_takes_are_apparently_too_much_for
Marc_Andreessen_to_handle⠀⇛
Who knew that leaving the top spot at Twitter could
make someone a more interesting follow? The co-
founder and (for the second time) former CEO of
Twitter Jack Dorsey recently opened up about his
issues with so-called “Web3” projects that aren’t
decentralized to his liking and the venture
capitalists that he says own the whole thing,
creating “ultimately a centralized entity with a
different label.”
Shockingly, his statements haven’t been received
well by fellow tech thought leaders, billionaires,
and venture capitalists, who’ve taken turns either
trying to minimize his criticism of their
blockchain efforts or going directly at him.
o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾
# ⚓ The_BMJ_editors_strike_back_against_Mark_Zuckerberg_and
Facebook⠀⇛
I was reluctant to write any more about The BMJ and
its descent into bad journalism, one of its editors
amplifying antivaccine misinformation, and its
publishing of outright conspiracy theories by a
hack journalist, but unfortunately its editors
leave me little choice. It started again when
readers started emailing me links to an Open letter
from The BMJ to Mark Zuckerberg, published as a
Rapid Response after the utter crapfest of a “news
report” by hack journalist and anti-GMO conspiracy
theorist Paul Thacker. The story claimed that
Ventavia Research Group, a contract research
organization (CRO) hired by Pfizer to run three of
its sites in Texas for its original phase 3
clinical trials of its then-experimental mRNA-based
COVID-19 vaccine had all sorts of problems that, or
so Thacker insinuated, called into doubt the
clinical trial data behind the safety and efficacy
of Pfizer’s vaccine that were used to apply for its
emergency use authorization (EUA). Thacker’s main
source was a “whistleblower” named Brook Jackson,
who had worked at Ventavia for only two weeks. As I
described, the allegations were either big
nothingburgers that wouldn’t have affected the
quality of the data (e.g., not appropriately using
sharps containers to dispose of sharps) or were
mainly insinuated and implied without actual
evidence (e.g., unblinding or even falsifying
clinical trial data). The article follows a
familiar format for disinformation. Very definitive
and serious accusations are leveled very early in
the article, followed much later in the article by
“facts” that do not actually substantiate such
definitive and serious allegations.
# ⚓ That_Fun_TikTok_Video?_It’s_Actually_an_Ad.⠀⇛
Welcome to the holiday shopping season on TikTok,
where retailers are present like never before,
their authentic-seeming advertisements dropped in
between dances, confessionals, comedy routines and
makeovers.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ UAE_to_end_film_censorship,_announces_new_over-21_age
classification⠀⇛
It stressed the importance of “age classification
standards for audience entry.” Cinemas must
strictly adhere to the new age rating, which will
require inspecting customers’ proof of age and
identification documents.
# ⚓ Robert_Reich_Loses_The_Plot:_Gets_Basically_Everything
Wrong_About_Section_230,_Fairness_Doctrine_&_The_1st
Amendment⠀⇛
I still find myself somewhat amazed at how
otherwise intelligent people seem to lose their
entire minds over the fact that there’s a fair bit
of misinformation out there. Robert Reich is not a
dumb guy, but like so many these days, he seems to
work himself up in a lather about things he doesn’t
seem to understand. He has an opinion piece at the
Guardian about his suggestions to restore American
democracy… and apparently part of that is throwing
out the 1st Amendment. Which is, you know, quite a
choice. I won’t comment on his first and third
suggestions (voting rights and money/politics)
because those aren’t my areas of expertise, but
when he dips his toe into Section 230 and
misinformation, I have to point out that everything
Reich writes in this piece is so far beyond wrong
that it would need to ask directions just to get
back into the vicinity of “just kinda wrong.”
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ Amazon_Workers_Speak_Out_About_Deaths_at_Alabama
Warehouse⠀⇛
Amazon employees spoke out against the e-commerce
giant in a Wednesday video about the recent deaths
of workers at a warehouse in Bessemer,
Alabama—which has garnered national attention this
year for controversy related to a unionization
effort.
Labor journalist Kim Kelly interviewed Amazon
workers Isaiah Thomas and Perry Connelly for More
Perfect Union. They discussed the deaths, including
two people who died within hours of each other in
late November.
# ⚓ How_Students_Seized_The_Year⠀⇛
It’s been another tumultuous, traumatic year, and
students have seen some of the worst of it. With
Covid-19 came abrupt campus closures, online-only
education, and the disintegration of student life
as we had come to know it. But through it all,
young people continued to organize. They not only
kept their pre-pandemic priorities alive amid the
chaos; they fought for fair treatment for their
fellow students and educators, for human rights
abroad and voting rights at home, for racial
justice, against sexual violence, for an end to
student debt, for a rational approach to mitigating
climate change and for a future free of intolerance
and fear. Student Nation was able to chronicle some
of this upheaval in more than sixty articles in
2021 written by students. We’ve selected 10 pieces
from the past year to highlight their extraordinary
writing and reporting. We’re deeply grateful to the
Puffin Foundation, whose enormous generosity made
this work possible.
# ⚓ Progressive_Caucus_Urges_Biden_to_Wield_‘Powerful_Tool_of
Executive_Action’_as_Agenda_Stalls⠀⇛
The Congressional Progressive Caucus on Wednesday
announced plans to unveil a slate of executive
actions it hopes President Joe Biden will pursue as
Democratic lawmakers attempt to chart a path
forward for the party’s agenda, which has been
derailed by right-wing Sen. Joe Manchin.
“We should not wait for that legislative path for
the president to take action.”
# ⚓ DEA_Gives_Former_Marine_Back_$86,900_Cops_Took_From_Him
During_A_Nevada_Traffic_Stop_Caught_On_Body_Cam⠀⇛
Because law enforcement just can’t stop taking
money from innocent people, here’s another roadside
shitshow that has resulted in an attempt to force
the government to give back money it flat out
stole.
# ⚓ Will_Barrick_Gold’s_CEO_Go_Beyond_Rhetoric_to_Deliver
Justice_for_Victims_of_Police_Killings_at_Tanzanian_Mine?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Why_It’s_Past_Time_to_Defy_the_Supreme_Court⠀⇛
A brilliant recent analysis is Thomas Edsall’s
article in the New York Times, How to Tell When
Your Country Is Past the Point of No Return,
bookended by Barton Gellman’s shocking piece in The
Atlantic, Trump’s Next Coup Has Already Begun.
Both deal with the immediate crisis brought to us
by the six years that Trump has dominated the
American political scene and his takeover of the
Republican Party.
# ⚓ Jailhouse_Lawyers_Are_Often_Punished_With_Solitary
Confinement⠀⇛
# ⚓ Before_Roe_v._Wade:_The_Doctor_Hero_of_Ivy_League_Women⠀⇛
The Doctor Hero of Ivy League Women
‘All abortion was illegal then,’ Meg Greenfield
says, [Greenfield became editorial page editor of
the Washington Post] and that engendered a whole
lot of anxiety. It wasn’t about coat hangers, but
it had a lot of imponderables and danger and fear
of the law and of infection and fear of pain, and
they didn’t like to give anesthesia.’
# ⚓ Union_Declares_Victory_as_Kellogg’s_Strike_Ends_With_Pay
Raise,_Moratorium_on_Plant_Closures⠀⇛
Kellogg’s workers’ months-long strike officially
came to an end Tuesday after union members voted to
approve a new five-year collective bargaining
agreement that includes an immediate wage increase
of $1.10 per hour, a moratorium on plant closures,
and a pension boost.
Anthony Shelton, international president of the
Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain
Millers International Union (BCTGM), called the new
contract a “great workers’ victory” and said that
“solidarity was critical” to the achievement.
Employees are expected to return to work on
December 27.
# ⚓ He_Was_Filming_on_His_Phone._Then_a_Deputy_Attacked_Him_and
Charged_Him_With_Resisting_Arrest.⠀⇛
Thousands packed the sidewalks along Veterans
Memorial Boulevard in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana,
watching the Krewe of Centurions Mardi Gras parade
in March of 2019 when a brawl broke out at a nearby
parking garage. More than two dozen men traded
blows in a bloody melee that forced the parade’s
20-plus floats to grind to a halt.
Sheriff’s deputies quickly broke up the fight,
arresting at least one man. As officers attempted
to calm the crowd and shepherd them back to the
parade route, Sgt. Keith Dowling claimed he saw
someone hurling obscenities at his officers.
# ⚓ Rev._William_Barber’s_Conviction_for_Using_‘Preacher_Voice’
at_Anti-Poverty_Demo_Will_Stand,_Says_Court⠀⇛
The Rev. William Barber vowed Wednesday to continue
fighting for people’s right to free speech after
the North Carolina appeals court upheld the anti-
poverty activist’s trespassing conviction that
stemmed from a 2017 protest at the General
Assembly.
In a Twitter thread indicating his attorneys were
weighing next steps, Barber said that “how this
case is set up is not about any individual” but is
instead “about the rights of all people under the
First Amendment of the Constitution. And we will
continue to press for those rights in North
Carolina and the rest of the country.”
# ⚓ Haitian_Asylum_Seekers_Sue_US_Government_for_Racial
Discrimination⠀⇛
# ⚓ Haitian_Asylum_Seekers_Sue_U.S._Government_for_“Anti-Black
Racism_Within_the_Immigration_System”⠀⇛
A group of 11 Haitian asylum seekers is suing the
Biden administration, accusing the U.S. government
of physical abuse, racial discrimination and other
rights violations when they were forced to shelter
under a bridge in Del Rio, Texas. The class-action
lawsuit comes after images of Border Patrol agents
whipping Haitian asylum seekers from horseback went
viral in September, drawing outrage from rights
groups. The plaintiffs in the case are also
demanding the U.S. government allow the return of
the thousands of Haitian asylum seekers deported
from the Del Rio encampment. Guerline Jozef, co-
founder and executive director of the Haitian
Bridge Alliance, which filed the class-action
lawsuit, says the Biden administration’s policies
harm vulnerable people. “We believe that the
lawsuit will force the administration to be
accountable for what we continue to see as anti-
Black racism within the immigration system,” she
says. “Immigration is a Black issue. We cannot
disconnect that from the reality after what we saw
under the bridge in Del Rio.”
# ⚓ Federal_Court_Says_Destroying_Someone’s_House_To_Apprehend
A_Fugitive_Might_Be_A_Constitutional_Violation⠀⇛
Law enforcement has a pretty cavalier attitude
towards private property. Whatever property they
aren’t unjustifiably seizing from drivers and
passengers, they’re razing to the ground. Sometimes
they destroy whole houses during plain vanilla
warrant service. Other times, situations are
determined to be stand-offs in need of wholesale
destruction, even when officers are facing down an
empty house.

o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾
# ⚓ Fearing_COVID_PR_Backlash,_Comcast_Backs_Off_Its_Bullshit
Broadband_Caps_In_The_Northeast…_For_Now⠀⇛
Last November, Comcast quietly announced that the
company would be expanding its broadband caps into
the Northeast, one of the last Comcast territories
where the restrictions hadn’t been imposed yet. Of
course Comcast was utterly tone deaf to the fact
there was a historic health and economic crisis
going on, or how imposing unnecessary surcharges on
consumers already struggling to make rent wasn’t a
great look. In some states, like Massachusetts,
lawmakers stood up to the regional monopoly, going
so far as to push a law that would have banned
usage caps during the pandemic.
# ⚓ 7_new_[Internet]_exchange_nodes_to_spur_connectivity,
digital_economy_in_UP⠀⇛
These nodes will be located at Meerut, Agra,
Kanpur, Lucknow, Prayagraj, Varanasi and Gorakhpur.
UP until now, only one internet exchange node was
operating at Gautam Buddha Nagar in Uttar Pradesh.
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ U.S._Govt_Launches_Consultation_on_Upload_Filters_and
Other_Anti-Piracy_Tools⠀⇛
The U.S. Copyright Office has launched a
public consultation to evaluate various
technical measures that can identify and
protect copyrighted content online. With help
from various stakeholders and the public at
large, the Office hopes to get a better
understanding of the pros and cons of these
tools, including upload filters, and the
potential role of the Government.
# ⚓ Aussie_Federal_Court_Orders_ISPs_to_Block_101_Pirate
Movie_&_TV_Show_Domains⠀⇛
Australia’s Federal Court has ordered dozens
of local ISPs to prevent subscribers from
accessing more than 100 domains linked to
pirate streaming and torrent sites. The movie
and TV studio applicants, which include
members of the MPA plus Village Roadshow,
also tried to broaden their ability to deal
with new threats but the Court spotted the
move and ruled accordingly.
# ⚓ Amazon_DMCA_Strikes_Video_About_‘New_World’_Bug,
Reinstates_Video,_Promises_Review_Of_Process⠀⇛
It was only a few months back that Amazon
released its MMO game New World. While there
was a bunch of hype around the game, it was
met critically with mostly a collective
“meh”. While the lack of exuberant reviews
focused mostly on bland gameplay that doesn’t
survive its honeymoon period, there were also
bugs. So, so many bugs. So many bugs, in
fact, that both gamer media covered them in
detail and entire Reddit threads were created
to discuss them.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3908
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_24/12/2021:Neptune_7.0“Faye”_Released,_Another_Massive_Security_Hole
in_Azure⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 7:14 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ Pete_Zaitcev:_Adventures_in_tech_support⠀⇛
OVH was pestering me about migrating my VPS from
its previous range to the new (and more expensive)
one. I finally agreed to that. Migrated the VM to
the new host, it launches with no networking. Not
entirely unexpected, but it gets better.
The root cause is the DHCP server at OVH returning
a lease with netmask /32. In that situation, it’s
not possible to add a default route, because the
next hop is outside of the netmask.
Seems like a simple enough problem, so I filed a
ticket in OVH support, basically saying “your DHCP
server supplies incorrect netmask, please fix it.”
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Who_REALLY_OWNS_Linux?_–_Invidious⠀⇛
# ⚓ elementary_OS_6.1_Jólnir_overview_|_The_smart,_capable_and
ethical_replacement_for_Windows_and_macOS_–_Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, I am going to show an overview of
elementary OS 6.1 Odin and some of the applications
pre-installed.
# ⚓ Bad_Volume_3×41:_By_A_Hair_Or_Two⠀⇛
Stuart Langridge, Jono Bacon, and Jeremy Garcia are
in your ears for the last time in 2021, as we look
back on what we thought this year would be back in
January, and then how it’s actually been now that
we’ve lived through it. Yes, it’s prediction review
time! Did you do better than us?
We will do better next year. And we plan to do so,
live and on camera! Keep an eye out for our first
live stream of a show recording, January 13th 2022!
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ 23_Best_Free_Internet_Radio_Software⠀⇛
Internet radio (also known as web radio, net radio,
streaming radio, and online radio) is a digital
audio service transmitted via the Internet.
Why do we like internet radio? There’s no sign-up
or subscription charges. There’s a huge range of
stations available from around the world. If you
like classical music, pop music, folk music, news,
talk radio, and much more, internet radio has
something for everyone wherever you live (providing
you have a net connection). Internet radio offers
every format that is available on traditional
broadcast radio stations.
# ⚓ Audacity_3.1.3_Open-Source_Audio_Editor_Makes_Project
Loading_Up_to_50x_Faster⠀⇛
Audacity 3.1.3 is here with several new features
and many bug fixes, but most importantly it brings
a huge performance boost when loading projects. Due
to this under-the-hood change, the devs claim that
Audacity will load projects with up to 50x faster
compared to the Audacity 3.1.0 release.
For the new features, this release adds snap guides
when resizing clips, re-adds the Quick Play
indicator, adds a new selection region indicator in
the timeline with updated visuals), and adds new
keyboard shortcuts for looping, namely Shift+L for
the “Set Loop to Selection” function and
Shift+Alt+L for the “Clear Looping Region”
function.
# ⚓ Best_Linux_File_Managers⠀⇛
As time passed, we started to rely more on digital
documentation while our storage devices grew to
keep up. The way we proudly organized our data just
a few years ago is no longer relevant as the number
of files kept on a typical desktop computer
continues to rise. Therefore, file management is
critical these days, especially if you work with
various files daily.
The Linux operating system and its distributions
come with lots of different feature-rich and easy-
to-use file managers that are also very friendly to
use. Many users are unaware of the large range of
file management options available or the full
capabilities of the ones they are aware of. Like
every other part of Linux, file managers provide a
plethora of alternatives, and some of the preferred
file managers will be discussed in this article.
# ⚓ Top_alternatives_of_Microsoft_Outlook_for_Linux⠀⇛
Mozilla Thunderbird is an open-source email server
that is an alternative to Outlook and most widely
used by the Linux community. It can be downloaded
by visiting its official website and also be it can
be used for chatting, saving dates of important
events on the calendar, and staying updated with
the newsfeed.
[...]
The other widely used email client in Linux is
Evolution, which usually comes with the GNOME
Desktop Environment in Linux. Evolution usually
comes with GNOME in the installation of Ubuntu, and
Debian-based distributions, if it’s not, it can be
installed using their package manager and it can be
downloaded from its official website.
[...]
It is a software suite that contains tools for
email, calendar, to-do-list, and contacts that are
KMail, KOrganizer, and Kontact. This suite provides
all the tools that are used in daily life in one
place, and this project is developed and maintained
by KDE.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Using_Ansible_to_Install_and_Configure_Postgres_14_on_Rocky
Linux/Alma_Linux⠀⇛
In this guide we are going to install and configure
Postgresql 14 in Rocky Linux Using Ansible. This
guide works for other RHEL 8 based derivatives like
Alma Linux and Oracle Linux.
Postgresql is an open source object-relational
database system with over 30 years of active
development that has earned it a strong reputation
for reliability, feature robustness, and
performance. Postgres, is a free and open-source
relational database management system emphasizing
extensibility and SQL compliance.
Ansible is an open-source software provisioning,
configuration management, and application-
deployment tool enabling infrastructure as code. It
runs on many Unix-like systems, and can configure
both Unix-like systems as well as Microsoft
Windows.
# ⚓ How_to_install_LibreOffice_on_Elementary_OS_6.0_–
Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, we are looking at how to install
LibreOffice on Elementary OS 6.0.
# ⚓ Can_Ansible_Create_EC2_Instances?⠀⇛
Chances are, if you are looking at this tutorial,
you do not need an introduction to Ansible.
However, it does not hurt to make a quick recap.
Ansible is the most popular and probably powerful
configuration management tool. It is built to
facilitate the management and configuration of
remote hosts using a set of commands defined as
tasks.
It works by using modules developed for specific
tasks such as managing users, managing files,
installing and removing software packages, and many
more.
This guide will use the Ansible AWS module to
provision and manage an EC2 instance. We will start
with the basics of setting up an AWS account,
installing Ansible, and finally cover how to work
with the Ansible AWS module.
# ⚓ How_to_use_time_command_in_Linux⠀⇛
Time is the essential parameter to evaluate the
efficiency or performance of any task. Such a good
processor is judged by good processing speed which
is evaluated on the basis of time. Similarly, in
Linux, the “time” command is used to evaluate the
processing time taken by different commands in
their execution. There are different ways to do the
same task, for example, we can edit the text files
using the vim editor as well as the nano editor,
with the help of the time command we can evaluate
which editor takes less execution time, then we can
use that editor for text editing purposes for
better performance.
# ⚓ How_to_deploy_a_Bitwarden_server_with_Docker_–
TechRepublic⠀⇛
Bitwarden is one of my favorite password managers.
But if you’re seriously concerned about security
and would rather not save your password database on
a third-party server, you might want to consider
deploying your own Bitwarden server.
That might sound like a serious challenge but,
thanks to Docker, it’s actually quite simple. I’m
going to show you how to do just that.
# ⚓ Install_Centreon_Monitoring_on_AlmaLinux_8_|_Rocky_Linux_8
–_Linux_Shout⠀⇛
Centreon is an open-source monitoring system for
monitoring IT infrastructures. Due to its modular
structure and good scalability suitable for
monitoring small to big networks through to complex
IT environments with hundreds of hosts. Here in
this tutorial, we will learn the commands to
install the Open Source Centreon monitoring tool on
AlmaLinux 8 or Rocky Linux 8 RPM Linux.
The project Centreon started in 2005 and was
distributed among developers under GPLv2 and Apache
Open Source licenses. It comes in four editions-
Open Source; IT Edition; Business Edition and MSP
Edition. Of course, editions other than open-source
are subscription-based and with extra features as
compared to community (open source) ones.
Just like Nagios or Icinga, Centreon also offers a
web interface to view and manage multiple systems,
furthermore, configuration through the Centreon web
interface makes the effort considerably easier,
especially when monitoring complex IT environments
with hundreds of hosts and services.
# ⚓ How_to_use_mail_command_in_Linux⠀⇛
Mail is the quickest way of communicating messages
to your loved ones, there are different email
client servers that allow users to send emails,
besides this, Linux by default provides the feature
of sending an email using the “mail” command
through its terminal. We can write the subject,
message along with the email address of the
recipient and send it by just executing a single
command.
There are different packages through which we can
install the mail command, these packages are
discussed in this write-up as well as the use of
the mail command is also explained in detail.
# ⚓ How_to_remove_background_in_Inkscape⠀⇛
Photo editing software and vector graphics editors
such as Inkscape utilize the background removal
feature to remove unwanted and unnecessary items
from images, ultimately making their look more
outstanding and attractive. It also assists in
directing the audience’s attention to the main
subject of the image. After removing the background
from an image, various creative things can make the
image more charming. Photographers use the
background removing services to eliminate the error
and the imperfections for the shot images.
In Inkscape software, you can use the image tracing
and the outlining method for removing the
background of an image. The “Trace Bitmap” feature
helps trace the selected image in image tracing.
Whereas a “Bezier” tool is used to outline the
image’s main subject in the outlining method. This
write-up will teach you both methods for removing
the white background and colored background in
Inkscape. So, let’s start!
# ⚓ How_to_remove_all_files_of_a_directory_in_Linux⠀⇛
Files are created and saved in the directories of
Linux, they can be text files, image files, music
files, or any other format. These files occupy some
space and many files present in our system are
purposeless, they should be deleted in order to
make space for new files.
In Linux, we can either delete/remove a single file
or delete all the files from a directory using a
single command in a terminal. In this write-up, we
will discuss the ways to remove all the files in a
directory of Linux.
# ⚓ How_to_remove_a_Linux_user⠀⇛
A computer system in an organization can be
operated by a number of users, if someone leaves
the organization his/her account becomes useless,
it should be removed or deleted from the system to
save storage space. If the operating system is
Linux-based, the users can be managed using the
terminal conveniently. In this follow-up, we are
going to explain some simple queries through which
we can remove the users from Linux.
# ⚓ How_to_move_a_directory_in_Linux⠀⇛
In Linux we can move the directories to a specific
folder and protect them by changing their access
permission in order to secure the files and data
present in those directories. To move the directory
from one path to another is much simpler and can be
done easily.
The one thing most people are confused about is the
difference between move and copy command; copy
command is used to make the clone of files/
directories to some other paths while keeping the
original file/directory at its original path, while
the move command is used to move the file/directory
from its original path and place it to some other
path.
In this write-up, we have explained the methods in
detail through which we can move the directories
from one path to another in Linux.
# ⚓ How_to_Count_Lines_in_the_file_of_Linux⠀⇛
The practice of counting lines in the file is
usually adopted by the developers to determine the
length of their code or the program. They do so to
find out the efficiency of the program, the program
having fewer lines performing the same task
compared to the program of greater lines is assumed
to be more efficient.
In Linux, there are different methods to count the
number of lines in the files, all of these methods
are discussed in this article in detail.
# ⚓ How_To_Install_Zimbra_Mail_With_Ubuntu_18.04_-⠀⇛
Here, we will learn how to install Zimbra mail with
Ubuntu 18.04. Zimbra is an open-source email server
utility. Zimbra collaborations suite is a good but
cost-effective alternative for MS O365, G Suite, or
other email services. Day-to-day user management,
calendar management can be managed with Zimbra.
Even ven file sharing and chatting can be managed
easily with the collaboration suite. Zimbra does
not support Ubuntu 20.04 or 21 as of now. To learn
Zimbra installation with CentOS, you can refer to
our article.
# ⚓ How_to_set_up_a_Git_repository_in_minutes_on_Linux_–
TechRepublic⠀⇛
Sometimes you just need to deploy a quick Git
repository so you can collaborate on a project,
back up your code or house your files on a remote
machine. When you feel like doing that, you don’t
want to have to spend an hour or so deploying a
server and setting it up … especially when you
already have everything you need at your
fingertips.
I’m going to show you how you can quickly deploy a
Git repository using just git and ssh. You should
be able to spin this up in less than five minutes
(two, if you type fast).
# ⚓ How_to_install_Mozilla_Thunderbird_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
Today we are looking at how to install Mozilla
Thunderbird, a mail client, on a Chromebook. Please
follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we
explain the process step by step and use the
commands below.
This tutorial will only work on Chromebooks with an
Intel or AMD CPU (with Linux Apps Support) and not
those with an ARM64 architecture CPU.
If you have any questions, please contact us via a
YouTube comment and we would be happy to assist
you!
# ⚓ Install_vTiger_CRM_on_CentOS_8_–_Unixcop_the_Unix_/_Linux
the_admins_deams⠀⇛
Vtiger is an open source CRM which includes
inventory, email, project management, and other
tools that provides a complete business management
suite. Using vTiger CRM you can ensure premium
support, sales management and for marketing teams
to work smoothly to boost business growth and
improve customer experience.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Qubes_OS_on_VirtualBox⠀⇛
If you are really conscious about security and
don’t want to spend your money on expensive
software, then Qubes OS is the answer to all your
security woes.
Qubes, as an operating system, works in isolation.
It creates isolated compartments, all of them based
on Xen-based virtualization technology.
This helps in the creation and management of
“qubes” (isolated compartments). Each individual
qube limits the interactions between software and
hardware, to enhance the concept of security
delivery.
In this guide, the intent is to help you install
the latest version of Qubes OS on Oracle
VirtualBox.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_KDE_Plasma_Desktop_on_CentOS_8_Stream_–
LinuxCapable⠀⇛
The name KDE comes from “K Desktop Environment.”
For those not familiar with KDE Desktop, it is a
free, open-source desktop environment. It provides
Linux users with an alternative graphical interface
to customize their desktop environment and
applications for everyday use enhancement.
In CentOS’s case, this is GNOME. Besides the
graphical enhancements and changes, it is also a
lightweight, fast, smooth environment with superior
performance compared to native shipped desktops
with some Linux Distributions.
In the following tutorial, you will have learned
how to install KDE Desktop Environment on your
CentOS 8 Stream desktop environment.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Liquorix_Kernel_on_Fedora_35_–
LinuxCapable⠀⇛
Liqourix Kernel is a free, open-source general-
purpose Linux Kernel alternative to the stock
kernel shipped with Fedora 35. It features custom
settings and new features and is built to provide a
responsive and smooth desktop experience,
especially for new hardware.
Liquorix Kernel is popular amongst Linux Gaming,
streaming, and ultra-low latency requirements and
often boasts the latest Linux Kernels.
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
install the latest Linux Kernel on your Fedora 35.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_XanMod_Kernel_on_Fedora_35_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛
XanMod is a free, open-source general-purpose Linux
Kernel alternative to the stock kernel with Fedora
35. It features custom settings and new features
and is built to provide a responsive and smooth
desktop experience, especially for new hardware.
XanMod is popular amongst Linux Gaming, streaming,
and ultra-low latency requirements and often boasts
the latest Linux Kernels before landing on Fedora.
Installing a third-party kernel may be for you for
users seeking to have their system kernel up to
date and not wanting to install kernels or use the
testing/unstable repositories manually.
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
install the latest XanMod Kernel on your Fedora
operating system.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Xfce_Desktop_on_CentOS_8_Stream_–
LinuxCapable⠀⇛
Xfce is a lightweight free, open-source desktop
environment for UNIX-like operating systems. It is
designed to be fast and light on system resources
while visually appealing than the default desktop
environments that ship with most operating systems.
Xfce is very popular with older systems with
hardware as a key feature in its design is to
conserve both memory and CPU cycles.
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
install Xfce on your CentOS 8 Stream desktop.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_John_the_Ripper_on_all_platforms_–_TREND
OCEANS⠀⇛
John the Ripper is open-source software that comes
preinstalled in Kali Linux. It is mainly recognized
by cracking and recovering passwords for Linux,
Winrar, Windows, FTP, SSH, WordPress, etc.
Initially, it was released for the UNIX system to
detect weak passwords, but now support more than
100 hashes and ciphers. It comes in two different
variants free and premium.
# ⚓ How_To_Install_Brave_Browser_on_Fedora_35_–_idroot⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Brave Browser on Fedora 35. For those of you who
didn’t know, Brave is a free and open-source web
browser developed by Brave Software, Inc. based on
the Chromium web browser. What distinguishes Brave
from others is its ability to block ads and website
trackers out of the box. Brave is also called a
“crypto browser” because it uses the Ethereum
blockchain that is used to secure users’ data.
This article assumes you have at least basic
knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
most importantly, you host your site on your own
VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
you are running in the root account, if not you may
need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
privileges. I will show you through the step-by-
step installation of the Brave browser on a Fedora
35.
# ⚓ How_to_install_go_1.18_on_Ubuntu_20.04_–_NextGenTips⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we are going to explore how to
install go on Ubuntu 20.04.
Golang is an open-source programming language that
is easy to learn and use. It is built-in
concurrency and has a robust standard library. It
is reliable, builds fast, and efficient software
that scales fast.
Its concurrency mechanisms make it easy to write
programs that get the most out of multicore and
networked machines, while its novel-type systems
enable flexible and modular program constructions.
Go compiles quickly to machine code and has the
convenience of garbage collection and the power of
run-time reflection.
In this guide, we are going to learn how to install
golang 1.18 on Fedora 35.
# ⚓ How_to_install_Ansible_in_Ubuntu_20.04._–_NextGenTips⠀⇛
Welcome to today’s tutorial, we are going to talk
about the easier way to install Ansible inside
Ubuntu 20.04 distro.
Ansible is an open-source software provisioning,
configuration management, and application
deployment tool enabling infrastructure as code. It
runs both on Unix-like systems and on Windows
platforms.
Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine
that automates cloud provisioning, configuration
management, application deployment, intra-service
orchestration, etc.
Ansible uses no agents and no additional custom
security infrastructure. It is easy to deploy
because it uses YAML file systems that allow you to
describe your deployment environment in plain
English.
To install the released version of Ansible, pip or
packet manager is used.
# ⚓ Using_the_mv_Command_to_Move_Files_&_Directories_in_Linux⠀⇛
The mv command in Linux stands for move. It is used
to move one or more files or directories from one
location to another within the file system. The
command usually works without prompting, but we
will show you how you can prompt before renaming or
moving a file.
In this article, we will discuss the mv command in
Linux, its options, and some common use cases.
# ⚓ [Updated]_How_to_Set_GRUB2_Password_in_RHEL,_CentOS_and
Fedora_Linux⠀⇛
GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) is a default
bootloader in all Unix-like operating systems. As
promised in our earlier article “How to reset a
forgotten root password“, here we are going to
review how to protect GRUB with passwords.
As mentioned earlier post, anyone can log in into
single-user mode and may change system settings as
needed. This is the big security flow. So, to
prevent such unauthorized person to access the
system we may require to have grub with password
protected.
Here, we’ll see how to prevent users from entering
into single user mode and changing the settings of
systems that may have direct or physical access to
the system.
# ⚓ Openstack_RDO_&&_KVM_Hypervisor:_Uploading_dictionaries
into_SQLite_tables_via_Pandas_DataFrames_on_Python_3.9.9⠀⇛
The following below is a not entirely trivial
algorithm for students that creates a Python
dictionary after scanning text according to the
conditions of the problem, which gets converted
into Pandas Dataframe and uploaded to SQLite
database table to be analyzed via nested SQL Query.
# ⚓ How-To:_Docker_on_Windows_and_Mac_with_Multipass_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛
If you’re looking for an alternative to Docker
Desktop or to integrate Docker into your Multipass
workflow, this how-to is for you.
Multipass can host a docker engine inside an Ubuntu
VM in a manner similar to Docker Desktop. That
Docker instance can be controlled either directly
from the VM, or remotely from the host machine with
no additional software required. This allows you to
run Docker locally on your Windows or Mac machine
directly from your host terminal.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ Merry_Christmas_and_Happy_Holidays_from_GamingOnLinux_|
GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
For 2022, things are going to be both exciting and
scary for Linux gaming. So much hinges on how the
Steam Deck launch goes and if it will be a success
or not. We’re still a few months away yet and no
doubt Valve have plenty more upgrades for Steam and
Proton up their sleeves. We’ve no idea when we will
be able to do our own direct Steam Deck coverage,
as after the delay our reservation is currently sat
on Q2 2022.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ Krita_5.0_Released!_Much_Faster_Now_while_Less_Memory
Usage⠀⇛
After a few beta testing releases, the
popular digital painting software Krita 5.0
is finally out with lots of new features!
Krita 5.0 has re-written the resource system
that handles brush presets, gradients,
palettes and more. The new system is much
faster and uses much less memory!
Gradients have been improved in the release.
They are much more smoothed and can handle
wider gamuts. The smudge brush engine has
been completely rewritten, and a new brush
engine to load MyPaint 1.2 brushes into
Krita.
o § Distributions⠀➾
# ⚓ My_Top_5_Linux_Distro_Releases_of_2021⠀⇛
I may write a blog about Ubuntu. I may use Ubuntu.
But the Linux ecosystem? I know it’s far more than
just Ubuntu. It’s a rich and vibrant scene chock-
full of choice, colour, and creativity. There are
dozens upon dozens of top-drawer distros out there,
all deserving of attention.
What follows is intended as a celebration; a
shoutout to some of 2021’s standout Linux releases
in my opinion. This post is not a proclamation of
superiority; distros aren’t ranked in any special
order; and anything not featured isn’t
automatically being badged as un-good.
# § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ Neptune_7.0_“Faye”_Released_with_Zswap,_Based_on
Debian_GNU/Linux_11_“Bullseye”⠀⇛
Coming more than two years after Neptune 6.0
and more than a year after Neptune 6.5, the
Neptune 7.0 release is based on the latest
and greatest Debian GNU/Linux 11 “Bullseye”
operating system series and it’s powered by
the long-term supported Linux 5.10 LTS kernel
series.
Dubbed “Faye,” after the member of the Bebop
crew from the Cowboy Bebop anime series,
Neptune 7.0 ships with the KDE Plasma 5.20.5
desktop environment that has been beautified
with a new Neptune specific theme that’s
fully compatible with KDE Plasma’s Breeze
widget style.
# § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾
# ⚓ Holidays_in_the_openSUSE_Bar!⠀⇛
First, on behalf of all the openSUSE BAR
regulars, we’d like to wish you Happy
Holidays / Merry X-mas🎄. But, we are also
aware that many of us will be spending the
holidays this year unable to celebrate the
way that we would like to. Therefore we’d
like to invite you to join our ‘holiday bar
party’, which will be available from the 24-
26th of December.
We are also planning to celebrate the New
Year in the bar as well! Many of us will be
online in the bar, celebrating the New Year
over and over again, as it comes throughout
the day and the night in all of our time
zones around the world.
# § Arch Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Manjaro_21.2_Qonos_Released_with_Updated_Desktop
Environments⠀⇛
Manjaro Linux is out with version 21.2 Qonos
ahead of the holidays, powered by the latest
Linux 5.15 LTS kernel.
Manjaro is a desktop-oriented operating
system based on Arch Linux. It has a focus on
user friendliness and the system itself is
designed to work fully “straight out of the
box” with its variety of pre-installed
software.
Now, with their latest Qonos version, Manjaro
comes with another fantastic release at the
end of this year, helping make Linux more
accessible for as broader audience from
beginners to gamers, and that’s always a plus
in our book for promoting free software. So
let’s give it a shot and see what’s new.
# § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾
# ⚓ Upcoming_downtime_for_Fedora_Discussion⠀⇛
Almost three years ago, we moved the existing
Ask Fedora site from an engine which
attempted to replicate Stack Exchange to a
new system (the current Ask Fedora) based on
Discourse, a modern open source web forum
platform. We had some frustrations with the
software, and the Stack-Exchange-like
approach wasn’t really working for us. This
has been a huge success, and the new Ask is
incredibly popular.
At the same time, we also tried an experiment
— we set up Fedora Discussion as a parallel
site for community and project conversations.
This goes hand-in-hand with the (soft-launch,
but we’re getting there) Matrix-based Fedora
Chat service — Discussion for longer-form,
long-lasting asynchronous communication, and
Chat for synchronous connections.
This experiment has gone well, and we have
solid and increasing use, with several
different Fedora teams (including Fedora
Council and CommOps) making it their primary
place for communication. We’ve had some nice
improvements over time as we’ve learned to
use the system (not to mention a nice new
logo from Máirín Duffy and the Fedora Design
Team). But, the site’s basic structure is
still what we arbitrarily came up with when
we first launched it: kind of a mishmash of
categories and concepts. As we’ve had more
requests to use the site, it’s become
increasingly clear that these early decisions
don’t match what we need.
# ⚓ Top_10_digital_transformation_articles_of_2021_|_The
Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛
In 2021, CIOs entered year two of the COVID-
19 pandemic. After accelerating their digital
transformation efforts to get their workforce
up and running remotely, leaders quickly
found their hard work rewarded with more hard
work: Namely, transforming the customer and
employee experiences, ramping up security
efforts, and sustaining the breakneck pace of
digital acceleration without burning out
their talent.
As we looked back at our most popular digital
transformation articles of 2021, it’s clear
that CIOs are seizing this opportunity to
drive business strategy, set ambitious goals
for their organizations, and work in agile
new ways to achieve them.
“As we continue to push forward with the
digitalization agenda, it’s opening a world
of opportunity – literally – for IT and
business operations. Now, geographic
boundaries are mostly irrelevant, and from
now on, we’ll enjoy the flexibility to place
employees wherever they’re needed and give
them the freedom to choose where they live
and work. Thanks to greater adoption of cloud
technologies, there are almost no
limitations,” writes Linda Kahangi, Chief
Information and Operations Officer (CIOO) at
Nomadix Inc.
# ⚓ More_machine_learning_with_OpenShift_Data_Science⠀⇛
We hope you enjoyed the first two Red Hat
OpenShift Data Science learning paths: Launch
Red Hat OpenShift Data Science and OpenShift
Data Science documentation and resources.
This week, we’ve released two new learning
paths, which address the common data science
challenges of accessing Amazon S3 data and
creating a TensorFlow model. Developers and
data scientists can use these hands-on
courses to learn how to access data and
create machine learning models. You’ll also
learn how much easier common data science
procedures are with OpenShift Data Science.
This article introduces the learning paths
and provides an overview of OpenShift Data
Science, including where to find more
information.
# ⚓ Top_10_tutorials_for_Linux_administrators_|_Enable
Sysadmin⠀⇛
I’ve been administering Linux systems for
several years now, and I don’t think a single
day has gone by without a learning
opportunity. One of my favorite parts about
the Linux ecosystem is the willingness to
share both tools and information. This year’s
top Linux administration articles are a
testament to that culture of top minds
sharing their knowledge so that you can
progress on your Linux journey.
# ⚓ 10_open_source_career_lessons_from_2021_|
Opensource.com⠀⇛
The ongoing pandemic kept 2021 far from
normal, yet there were glimmers of hope
through the uncertainty. In-person
conferences slowly resumed, if smaller and
with more masks than in years past. And the
asynchronous essence of open source allowed
many people to keep working on passion
projects while growing their careers.
Accordingly, readers loved the past year’s
posts on all things work and career. Below,
we’ve shared 10 of our most popular articles
on these subjects in 2021. Whether you’re
looking for a great open source note-taking
app or want inspiration for non-coding roles
in tech, Opensource.com’s authors covered it
all.
# § Debian Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Mike_Gabriel:_MATE_1.26_has_finally_landed_in_Debian
testing⠀⇛
For those, you haven’t realized, yet: MATE
1.26 has now been uploaded to Debian and
should be available in Debian testing to all
happy testers.
[...]
The MATE 1.26 DEB package preparations had
been done while sitting in bed with my hot
water bottle in the back and a pot of honeyed
thyme tea next to me on the window sill.
Things were getting too boring while being
sick, so the monotonous wrapping up of +/- 40
desktop environment DEB packages was a
welcome change then (and not too complex for
reduced brain activity, either).
# § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Ubuntu_22.04_–_Release_Date,_What’s_New_&_More⠀⇛
Ubuntu releases run on a schedule/cycle. All
Ubuntu LTS (Long Term Support) releases are
released every 2 years, on the fourth month
of the year. The numbering in the release
tells the year (2022) and month (04). The
exact release date of Ubuntu 22.04 is April
21, 2022. However, there are other important
dates you should know in the release
schedule.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ WS2812s_On_A_6502_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
We can still remember when the WS2812 LED
first came into ourconsciousness, way back in
the mists of time. The timing diagrams in the
datasheet-of-questionable-veracity made it
sound quite tricky, with tight timing
tolerances and essentially a high-speed two-
bit PWM data protocol at 500 kHz. It was a
challenge to bit-bang with an ATtiny85 back
then, but there’s no way something as old and
crusty as an Apple II would be up to snuff,
right?
[Anders Nielsen] took up the challenge of
getting the venerable 6502 processor to drive
Neopixels and won! After all, if the chip is
good enough for Bender and the Terminator T-
800, it should be able to blink some colored
LEDs, right? The secret sauce is shift
registers!
# ⚓ Dual_10GbE_router_supports_WiFi_6_(AX3600)_–_CNX
Software⠀⇛
There’s no information about software, but we
can assume the system runs a Linux OS based
on Qualcomm SDK or OpenWrt.
# ⚓ Back-to-Back_Belts_Drive_Filament_In_This_Unique
Extruder_Design_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
It’s hard to say when inspiration will
strike, or what form it’ll take. But we do
know that when you get that itch, it’s a good
idea to scratch it, because you might just
end up with something like this cool new
design for a 3D printer extruder as a result.
Clearly, the world is not screaming out for
new extruder designs. In fact, the
traditional spring-loaded, toothed drive
wheel on a stepper really does the job of
feeding filament into a printer’s hot end
just fine, all things considered. But [Jón
Schone], aka Proper Printing on YouTube, got
the idea for his belt-drive extruder from
seeing how filament manufacturers handle
their products. His design is a scaled-down
version of that, and uses a pair of very
small timing belts that run on closely spaced
gears. The gears synchronize the movement of
the two belts, with the filament riding in
the very narrow space between the belts. It’s
a simple design, with the elasticity of the
belt material eliminating the need for spring
pre-loading of the drive gears.
# ⚓ Arduino_IoT_Cloud_Scheduler_Enhances_Automation_for
Your_Projects⠀⇛
Cloud Scheduler is a brand new feature that’s
now live as part of your Arduino Cloud
platform. It’s a powerful addition that adds
a whole new dimension of automation and
control to your projects.
# ⚓ Retrofit_your_light_switch_with_this_remote-
controlled_device_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛
It can be extremely annoying and frustrating
to finally get comfortable somewhere only to
realize that you forgot to turn off a light,
thus requiring a short journey to and from
the wall switch. Mechanical engineering
student and Instructables user alanmerritt
ran into the same problem in his dorm room,
so he responded by creating a device that
could remotely operate a light switch without
any modifications to the switch itself.
The first step in designing this remote
control device was measuring the fixture and
modeling it in CAD, after which Alan made a
small rack-and-pinion mechanism that uses a
servo motor to rotate a gear and thus lift an
attached slider up or down. He also 3D
printed an enclosure that surrounds the
otherwise ugly electronics, hiding them from
the view of potential visitors.
# ⚓ A_Simple_3D_Printed_Gear_Clock_Shows_Off_How_It_Works
|_Hackaday⠀⇛
Analog clocks are beautiful things inside,
using ornate gear trains to keep track of
time in a dance of mechanical beauty.
However, all too often, the complexity is
hidden inside. This gear clock design from
[Tada3], however, proudly shows off its
workings.
A small stepper motor is used to run the
clock’s movement, a small part of the 28BYJ-
48 variety. The motor is driven once per
second, making the gear train tick along in a
rather compelling way that is somehow more
visually interesting. Of course, with some
modification to the design, continuous motion
could easily be done as well.
The stepper motor is driven by an Arduino
Nano, which also handles the timekeeping. One
thing that’s missing is a real-time clock,
something that should be added to the design
if you wish it to keep accurate time. As it
is, the included Arduino sketch simply uses
the delay() function to time the stepping of
the motor. It makes the clock tick along, but
will quickly drift out of sync.
# § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ How_can_you_improve_Android_security?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Google_Photos_Locked_Folder_coming_to_more_Android
phones_–_How_to_set_it_up_–_Komando.com⠀⇛
# ⚓ Huawei_Watch_GT_3_Hands-on:_Huawei_Prioritized_|
Digital_Trends⠀⇛
# ⚓ Best_Android_game_and_app_deals_on_sale_for_the
holidays_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_13_build_leaks,_showing_some_of_the_coming
changes_–_9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ Here’s_What_We_Know_About_Android_13_So_Far⠀⇛
# ⚓ Nokia_X10_is_HMD_Global’s_latest_smartphone_to_get
Android_12⠀⇛
# ⚓ So,_uh,_Samsung’s_Android_12_update_clearly_wasn’t
tested_properly_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ Best_Android_TV:_Boxes,_dongles,_soundbars,_more_–
9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ 8_of_the_Best_Android_Emulators_for_Your_Desktop⠀⇛
Are you a desktop user with a yearning to
play some Android games or test out an
Android-only app? With Android emulators, you
don’t have to switch between your desktop OS
and Android. By installing an emulator on
your Mac, Linux, or Windows desktop, you can
run all the latest Android games and Android-
exclusives on a larger screen. Emulators can
also be useful if you’re building your own
mobile app and want to test the user
experience on Android.
o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
# ⚓ Sustainable_creativity_in_a_world_without_copyright⠀⇛
I don’t believe in copyright. I argue that we need
to get rid of copyright, or at least dramatically
reform it. The public domain has been stolen from
us, and I want it back. Everyone reading this post
has grown up in a creative world defined by
capitalism, in which adapting and remixing works —
a fundamental part of the creative process — is
illegal. The commons is dead, and we suffer for it.
But, this is all we’ve ever known. It can be
difficult to imagine a world without copyright.
When I present my arguments on the subject, the
most frequent argument I hear in response is
something like the following: “artists have to eat,
too”. The answer to this argument is so mind-
bogglingly obvious that, in the absence of
understanding, it starkly illuminates just how
successful capitalism has been in corrupting a
broad human understanding of empathy. So, I will
spell the answer out: why do we have a system which
will, for any reason, deny someone access to food?
How unbelievably cruel is a system which will let
someone starve because they cannot be productive
within the terms of capitalism?
My argument is built on the more fundamental
understanding that the access to fundamental human
rights such as food, shelter, security, and
healthcare are not contingent on their ability to
be productive under the terms of capitalism. And I
emphasize the “terms of capitalism” here
deliberately: how much creativity is stifled
because it cannot be expressed profitably? The
system is not just cruel, but it also limits the
potential of human expression, which is literally
the only thing that creative endeavours are
concerned with.
The fact that the “starving artist” is such a
common trope suggests to us that artists aren’t
putting food on the table under the copyright
regime, either. Like in many industries under
capitalism, artists are often not the owners of the
products of their labor. Copyright protects the
rights holder, not the author. The obscene
copyright rules in the United States, for example,
are not doing much benefit for the artist when the
term ends 70 years after their death. Modern
copyright law was bought, paid for, and written by
corporate copyright owners, not artists. What use
is the public domain to anyone when something
published today cannot be legally remixed by even
our great-great-grandchildren?
# § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾
# ⚓ 2021:_The_Year_the_LibreOffice_Documentation_Team
Shined⠀⇛
2021 is ending, so let’s recap our
achievements and look forward for 2022. It
has been a very tough year for all of us in
our professional or personal matters, and for
sure worsened by the persisting pandemic,
even with the release of the COVID vaccines.
But this year was a great documentation year
after all. We closed the gap between the
LibreOffice major releases. and the update of
the corresponding User Guides. By the year
end, we will have all of our version 7 guides
updated to the LibreOffice release 7.2, and
ready to continue for the forthcoming release
– 7.3 – due in early February 2022. The goal
of tracking the software release closely was
achieved, and now we are in a steady state of
small updates between releases.
# § FSF⠀➾
# § GNU Projects⠀➾
# ⚓ GIMP_2.10.30_improves_support_for_PSD_and
various_image_formats⠀⇛
GIMP 2.10.30 It is now available as
another minor release of the eternal
second version of the well-known image
manipulation application, which is
showing itself in good shape since it
is under the GNOME umbrella and its
future leap to the third major version
is well under way.
This time we don’t have many
groundbreaking news, but there are some
interesting improvements. For example,
support for AVIF, HEIF, PSD, DDS, RGBE
and PBM image formats has been improved
in GIMP 2.10.30, which never hurts for
those who manipulate or export to
things other than JPG and PNG, the two
most popular formats. Being more
specific with one of them, the export
to AVIF now favors the AOM AV1
renderer.
Another interesting point that has been
improved in GIMP 2.10.30 has been the
support of PSD, the file format (or
rather documents according to your own
defined) used by Adobe Photoshop
projects. Added here support for “Layer
Masks labeled with invalid dimensions,
CMYK no alpha, CMYK no layers, blended
image of a 16 bit per channel RGBA that
had an opaque alpha channel, and so on.
For CMYK PSD files, for now, GIMP will
convert to sRGB to allow you to view
the contents of a file instead of
displaying a message that the file is
not supported.”
# § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ Convert_Array_to_String_PHP⠀⇛
There is always an issue with manipulating
arrays in PHP. Although they are widely used
and fully supported, PHP faces a few
drawbacks when working with arrays.
For example, to echo a single element of an
array, you can convert the array to a string
and print it on the screen.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to
convert a PHP array to a string.
# ⚓ PHP_Convert_Array_to_Comma_Separated_String⠀⇛
An array is a data type that allows storing
multiple related values under a single
variable. Arrays are incredibly useful when
you need to manage associated data without
the risk of repetition.
This guide will teach you how to convert an
array of values to a comma-separated string.
# ⚓ How_to_Parse_PDF_in_PHP⠀⇛
Have you ever tried to open a PDF file to
search for a specific line or word? It does
not work. All you will find is binary data
that makes absolutely no sense.
Parsing PDF files is very tedious and
complicated for any software developer, not
because it’s complex but because of the
nature of PDF files. PDF files contain
objects which are identified by a unique
number. PDF objects can collect information
such as images, text, and more. These objects
are encrypted and compressed, making it
nearly impossible to process PDFs as text
documents.
This guide will learn how to parse PDF
documents using the PHP programming language.
# ⚓ Configure_Lighttpd⠀⇛
Lighttpd or Lighty is a free and open-source
web server developed for high-performance
environments. Lighttpd server is lightweight,
high-speed, and secure. It is mainly provided
as an alternative to web servers such as
Apache because it consumes very few resources
such as CPU and memory.
Lighttpd can handle more than 10000 parallel
connections on a single server; it is often
an excellent option for high-traffic sites.
This guide will walk you through installing
and configuring the Lighttpd server.
# ⚓ Redis_Get_Key⠀⇛
Redis is a key-value database or data store
that utilizes the concept of key and value to
store data. Unlike relational databases, keys
in Redis must be unique and serve as unique
identifiers for the value they hold.
Redis uses simple commands to perform
operations using the Redis CLI utility. In
this tutorial, you will learn how to fetch
the keys in Redis databases.
# ⚓ PHP_Convert_String_to_Datetime⠀⇛
This article will teach you how to convert a
simple string to a date format using various
PHP methods and techniques.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Simple_Upgrades_Make_An_Old_Industrial_Sewing_Machine_New
Again_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
[Eric] found this Pfaff 463 on Craigslist. It was
built somewhere around 1950, and it only does one
thing — a single-needle, straight stitch, forward
or reverse — but it will do it through damn near
anything you want (unlike those computerized hunks
of plastic made for home use nowadays). Again,
these machines are always built into a table, and
they come with a lamp. While the machine itself may
be a workhorse, the light is wimpy, so [Eric]
replaced it with a goose-neck LED light that has a
magnet for sticking it anywhere light is required
around the machine.
No matter the size, electric sewing machines are
driven with a foot pedal. On a domestic, the pedal
is loose and you just put it on the floor wherever
you want, but industrial foot pedals are built into
the table frame. [Eric] drilled a bunch of new
holes in the side of the pedal so he can move the
connecting rod closer to the pivot point. This
gives him better control with less footwork.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ Microsoft_Teams_might_have_a_few_serious_security
issues [Ed: Microsoft_is_incapable_of_making_software
that_actually_works, as explained by a former
insider]⠀⇛
Security researchers have discovered four
separate vulnerabilities in Microsoft Teams
that could be exploited by an attacker to
spoof link previews, leak IP addresses and
even access the software giant’s internal
services.
These discoveries were made by researchers at
Positive Security who “stumbled upon” them
while looking for a way to bypass the the
Same-Origin Policy (SOP) in Teams and
Electron according to a new blog post. For
those unfamiliar, SOP is a security mechanism
found in browsers that helps stop websites
from attacking one another.
# ⚓ 4-Year-Old_Bug_in_Azure_App_Service_Exposed_Hundreds
of_Source_Code_Repositories⠀⇛
A security flaw has been unearthed in
Microsoft’s Azure App Service that resulted
in the exposure of source code of customer
applications written in Java, Node, PHP,
Python, and Ruby for at least four years
since September 2017.
The vulnerability, codenamed “NotLegit,” was
reported to the tech giant by Wiz researchers
on October 7, 2021, following which
mitigations have been undertaken to fix the
information disclosure bug in November.
Microsoft said a “limited subset of
customers” are at risk, adding “Customers who
deployed code to App Service Linux via Local
Git after files were already created in the
application were the only impacted
customers.”
# ⚓ Microsoft_informs_customers_of_‘NotLegit’_Azure_bug⠀⇛
Microsoft’s Security Response Center has
released a blog post explaining its response
to the “NotLegit” bug in Azure that was
discovered by cloud security company Wiz.
Wiz said all PHP, Node, Ruby, and Python
applications that were deployed using “Local
Git” on a clean default application in Azure
App Service since September 2017 are
affected. They added that all PHP, Node,
Ruby, and Python applications that were
deployed in Azure App Service from September
2017 onward using any Git source — after a
file was created or modified in the
application container — were also affected.
# § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by
Debian (openjdk-11), Fedora (keepalived
and tang), openSUSE (openssh, p11-kit,
runc, and thunderbird), Oracle
(postgresql:12, postgresql:13, and
virt:ol and virt-devel:ol), Red Hat
(rh-maven36-log4j12), and SUSE
(ansible, chrony, logstash,
elasticsearch, kafka, zookeeper,
openstack-monasca-agent, openstack-
monasca-persister-java, openstack-
monasca-thresh, openssh, p11-kit,
python-Babel, and thunderbird).
# ⚓ New_Linux_Patches_For_AMD_i2c_Bus_Sharing_With
The_PSP [Ed: This is, in effect, a back door in
AMD processors, akin to M.E. in all Intel
processors]⠀⇛
The newest Linux hardware support
patches for the kernel revolve around
i2c bus sharing support for newer SoCs
where the i2c bus is being shared by
AMD’s Platform Security Processor
(PSP). This i2c controller is based on
common DesignWare IP but new kernel
code is being crafted for handling that
bus sharing between the kernel and the
PSP co-processor.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Dissent_is_democratic:_Looking_at_the
dissent_notes_in_the_report_of_the_JPC
#SaveOurPrivacy⠀⇛
In the final report of the Joint
Parliamentary Committee on the
Personal Data Protection Bill,
2019, 8 Members of Parliament
have filed dissent notes against
the final recommendations. In
this post, we look at what the
MPs are saying and explain the
various amendments proposed by
them.
o § Environment⠀➾
# § Energy⠀➾
# ⚓ How_To_Get_Into_Cars:_E85_Fuel_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
If you’ve spent any time around the modified
car scene in the last few years, you’ve
probably heard about E85. Maybe you’ve even
noticed a sweet smell emanating from the
pitlane, or heard people cracking jokes about
“corn juice.”
The blended fuel, which combines alcohol and
traditional gasoline, can have significant
performance benefits if used properly. Today,
we’ll explore what those are, and how you can
set your ride up to run on E85.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ Why_linking_Aadhaar_with_voter_IDs_could_end_up_excluding
voters_–_Times_of_India⠀⇛
Former Chief Election Commissioner Dr S Y Quraishi
remembers how in 2011 his team was attempting to
weed out duplicate voters using different software
when he met then UIDAI chairman Nandan Nilekani. At
the time, there were more voter ID cards than
Aadhaar cards, and after a failed attempt at
collecting and verifying voters’ fingerprints in a
state, the poll regulator didn’t take up the issue
again.
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