𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, December 09, 2021
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Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/09/
╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
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QmXFHTXDoB1z4Af36pfwwfrJcsZWK4nkbqqF2EndNyJ9YA
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⦿ Fedora (Re)Starts Discussing Plan to Delete GitHub (Quit Microsoft Dependence) | Techrights
⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, December 08, 2021 | Techrights
⦿ Linux.com Has Become Microsoft Spam and Spamnil | Techrights
䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/fedora-delete-github/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/irc-log-081221/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/linux-com-spamfarm/#comments
䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/european-commission-releases-free-software/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/gnome-shell-42/#comments
http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/or-browser-11-0-2-released/#comments
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 55
╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/fedora-delete-github/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/09/fedora-delete-github/
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Fedora_(Re)Starts_Discussing_Plan_to_Delete_GitHub_(Quit_Microsoft
Dependence)⠀✐
Posted in GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat at 5:43 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Video_download_link | md5sum 29c28d5246b753a89f1de4eb04f6e357
http://techrights.org/videos/fedora-forge.webm
Summary: There’s active debate about whether or not Fedora can (and should)
self-host its Git projects; it’s well overdue and it’s time to do it
A COUPLE of weeks ago we revisited the sad situation of Fedora Project being a
prisoner of Microsoft, not just IBM [1, 2] (the context or the focus being
“master” branch*). It harms the credibility of the project, which already lost
a lot of the volunteers (the actual community, not IBM staff “100% of the
time”). What IBM did to CentOS a year ago** was an eye-opener; why would it
treat Fedora any better than CentOS?
“IBM announced its takeover of Red Hat the same year Microsoft announced its
takeover of GitHub.”I’ve used Fedora many times before. I used the first and
second releases and then I occasionally used it again over the years. Long term
too, for years at a time… so I truly care about how_IBM_assassinates_the
community, including long timers whose name I’ve known for over a decade. What
is IBM hoping to accomplish?
IBM announced its takeover of Red Hat the same year Microsoft announced its
takeover of GitHub. Why hasn’t IBM helped distance Fedora from GitHub? We wrote
about the subject many times before and since then many alternatives to GitHub
have either emerged or evolved to the point of feature parity. Even over Gemini
Protocol we have more_and_more_options (Git over Gemini clients instead of Web
browsers).
“It’s hard to tell why Miller is so pessimistic.”IBM’s Miller likes to pretend
that there’s nothing they can do, but this_new_in-depth_article_from_LWN says
“Catanzaro was unconvinced by Miller’s assertion that Fedora could not run its
own open-source GitLab instance.”
What baloney! To quote: “If GNOME and KDE and freedesktop.org and Debian and
Purism can all do it, I’m pretty sure Fedora can too.”
Of course it can. But maybe there’s a lack of will because of back room deals
of Microsoft and IBM? Just like in the days of ODF vs OOXML wars? It’s hard to
tell why Miller is so pessimistic. Heck, we’ve crafted our very own ‘CMS’ for
Git @ Techrights and we’re just a couple of people. Surely IBM has far more
resources (money and people) than us… █
branch names predictable. Now that IBM looks to eradicate it some choose “dev”
and “devel” instead (inconsistent), which is also confusing because “dev”
typically means “test” in conjunction with “live”. So they’re harmed clarify,
increased confusion, and raised the access barrier, making adoption of Git even
harder and some literature obsolete (bad for poor people who can only afford
old books and bad for the environment).
more clones of RHEL. Not to mention growing_disdain_and_distrust_when_it_comes
to_IBM.
=> =============================================================================
Addendum: XFaCE has produced a better and more clearly-phrased version of the
same article.
A COUPLE of weeks ago we revisited the Fedora Project and it being held
prisoner by Microsoft in addition to IBM/Red Hat. [1, 2] Focusing on non-issues
such as the “problematic” naming of the “master” branch further compromises the
credibility of an already compromised project, one that has already lost a lot
of real community volunteers (not re-assigned IBM staff “100% of the time”).
IBM’s decimation of the CentOS project a year ago** is proving a harbinger of
its current neglect and mismanagement of Fedora.
I’m a recurring Fedora user, having deployed the initial and second releases
full-time with occasional usage over the years for long periods of time. It
pains me how IBM alienates the community, including long timers whose names
I’ve known for over a decade. What productive good is IBM hoping to accomplish?
IBM announced its takeover of Red Hat the same year Microsoft announced its own
acquisition of GitHub. Since then IBM has not raised a figure to distance
Fedora from GitHub and its now Microsoft-controlled infrastructure. This is
especially glaring given the many feature-parity GitHub alternatives that have
emerged from that time until now. Many Gemini-based options have even been
developed, forgoing web browser-based environments in favour of Gemini clients.
IBM’s Miller presents the narrative that the GitHub lock-in is beyond IBM’s
control, but this is contradicted by a new in-depth article from LWN, which
states that “Catanzaro was unconvinced by Miller’s assertion that Fedora could
not run its own open-source GitLab instance”.
Catanzaro noted the obvious that “If GNOME and KDE and freedesktop.org and
Debian and Purism can all do it, I’m pretty sure Fedora can too.”
Of course IBM has the resources and the ability to wean off the GitHub teet,
but is held back by an apparent lack of will. Given the current incestuous
state of Linux Foundation-linked companies, we can safely speculate that back
room deals between Microsoft and IBM play a role, just like in the days of ODF
vs OOXML wars and the many corrupted parties. Without that context it’s hard to
understand why Miller would be so pessimistic. Heck, we’ve crafted our very own
‘CMS’ for Git at TechRights despite being a couple of people. Surely IBM is
capable of far more with vast capital and employee resources… █
branch names predictable. Now that IBM looks to eradicate it, some have chosen
“dev” and “devel” instead inconsistently. There is also further confusion of
“dev” typically means “test” in contrast to a “production” state. IBM’s antics
here have harmed clarity, increased confusion, and raised the access barrier to
Git adoption. Much documentation and other literature on the subject is
becoming obsolete (detrimental for fiscally-constrained people who can only
afford old books and bad for the environment).
RHEL forks. This is in addition to the disdain and distrust tarnishing IBM’s
reputation.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 198
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/irc-log-081221/#comments
Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/09/irc-log-081221/
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_December_08,_2021⠀✐
Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:34 am by Needs Sunlight
Also available via the Gemini protocol at:
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-081221.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-081221.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-081221.gmi
* gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-081221.gmi
Over HTTP:
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#techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5
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🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_
#boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text
Enter_the_IRC_channels_now
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§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾
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§ Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾
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䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 325
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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/09/linux-com-spamfarm/#comments
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Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Linux.com_Has_Become_Microsoft_Spam_and_Spamnil⠀✐
Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Microsoft at 9:29 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
Recent: Spamnil_is_Spamming_Linux.com
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Linux.com⦈
Screenshot from only minutes ago
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Spamnil's channel⦈
Not even 100 views (all combined)
Summary: Go to a site called Linux.com, first word is “MICROSOFT” and it’s just
a spamfarm promoting Spamnil’s videos; he wipes what he can off that site,
which had taken decades to make (and build reputation for); The Linux
Foundation has_killed_the_news_site,_in_spite_of_having_no_cash_deficit; its
priorities are now whitewashing and greenwashing Microsoft (mentioned
positively about a dozen times in the new Linux_Foundation report), whereas the
site has been turned into a sort of spamfarm, used by Microsofters and
opportunists to get some views for failing, spammy videos (pure marketing,
usually proprietary software)
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀⣸⠀⡇⠐⠒⢸⣒⠀⣇⡀⡏⢿⢿⡇⣇⡿⢨⢿⡀⠐⠂⢅⡀⢀⣀⢸⠡⡇⣀⡐⠄⢃⠀⢸⢀⣀⠷⠑⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣠⣀⣄⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠚⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣛⡀⡖⡆⡖⡆⠀⣆⠲⢸⠀⠨⢜⢰⠲⠐⢢⡔⢢⡖⢺⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⢠⠠⠠⢀⠠⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⠀⢸⠀⠠⢸⠠⢀⢠⠀⠀⠰⢰⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢠⠠⢠⠀⠱⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣠⠀⢠⢠⢠⠠⠠⠣⣠⢀⠇⢠⠀⣄⢠⠄
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠈⠀⠂⠀⠁⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠊⠐⠈⠀⠚⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠂⠀⠐⠒⠈⠂⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠈⠈⠀⠈⠂⠀⠈⢀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⠊⠈⠀⠈⠂⠈⠂⠀⠂⠉⠀⠘⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣼⣿⣵⣼⡇⠀⠐⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠈⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠆⠀⠃⠂⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠐⠰⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠂⠂⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠆⠀⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠄⠰⠃⠀⠲⠀⠀⠀⠰⡆⠀⠲⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢠⡀⠄⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢜⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠈⠙⠁⠈⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠠⡤⢤⣤⣠⡄⣀⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣶⡆⢁⣀⣈⣈⣁⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣏⢯⣿⢻⣿⢻⠛⣿⢿⡏⣿⡟⣿⡏⣏⢿⡟⣿⣿⡏⣻⢻⣿⠟⡟⢻⡟⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⢻⢻⡏⣻⢻⣿⢻⡟⢻⠹⣿⢹⡿⣿⡟⣿⠝⡟⣿⣛⡟⣿⡻⣿⣿⡏⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣽⣺⣞⣀⣗⣯⣿⣿⣽⣿⣏⣿⣸⣿⣹⣏⣿⣉⣏⣿⣧⣿⣹⡉⣿⣍⣿⣸⡇⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣂⣹⣉⣿⣹⣿⣨⣸⢻⢹⣏⣽⣿⣻⣯⣿⣏⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡉⣿⣍⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢬⣭⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣥⣧⣾⣧⣾⣤⣿⣼⣿⣽⣿⣼⣦⣿⣼⣯⣧⣼⣼⣧⣽⣥⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣟⡟⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⢻⡿⢿⡟⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣀⣀⠹⠉⠟⠟⠿⢠⣶⣽⣿⣿⣾⣿⣯⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣽⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢿⢿⠿⡿⢻⢿⢿⢿⢿⠿⡿⢿⠟⢻⢿⡿⢿⣟⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⠟⠿⢿⣿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣮⣼⣧⣮⣴⣼⣼⣬⣾⣤⣿⣴⣥⣼⣧⣎⣼⣯⣴⣴⣬⣯⣼⣧⣯⣢⣿⣤⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⡝⡻⠟⣿⢫⡛⣟⣿⡟⢟⢹⢛⣿⡛⣟⢿⣟⠟⣿⠛⠟⢟⠟⡋⢟⢹⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣆⣻⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⢿⡿⡍⣏⢟⣿⢹⡏⣿⡏⣽⠿⣟⣿⣿⡟⣽⠻⣿⢻⡅⢯⠋⣿⢫⡟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠙⠛⠈⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢤⠤⣤⣤⣤⢀⣈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡌⣿⣻⣿⣹⣏⣿⣇⣿⣿⣹⣏⣿⣇⣿⣹⣯⣿⣽⣏⣏⣭⣿⣹⣇⣿⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣶⣶⠈⢀⣀⣁⣉⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣦⣼⣼⣯⣿⣧⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡸⣸⣏⡻⣈⢿⣹⣏⣹⣉⣿⣙⢇⣹⣏⣹⢹⣵⣾⢭⣿⣍⣏⣿⢕⡻⣉⣿⣹⣭⡻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⢛⠛⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣟⣥⣣⢘⣇⣺⡧⣼⣿⣻⣴⣇⣸⣷⣼⣷⣻⣔⣝⣦⣻⣼⣇⣏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠛⠁⠈⠙⠃⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣟⣻⠛⣿⣭⡿⠋⡻⠟⣟⣿⢹⡛⣻⡟⢻⢻⢻⠛⣻⠛⣟⢻⡛⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣧⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣦⣼⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⠏⣽⠉⣿⣋⣏⡇⠏⣿⠵⡏⡏⢹⡝⡫⡿⢹⣽⠅⣿⠶⣟⡏⢽⣽⠙⢏⡏⢽⡯⢽⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣻⠿⡿⢿⣿⢻⣿⣿⠻⢻⡿⣿⡟⣿⢻⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣷⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣷⣁⣎⣑⣿⣸⣟⣺⣇⣧⣻⣾⣑⣿⣸⣏⣰⣏⣻⣕⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣻⢽⡿⣿⡟⣿⢹⣟⡋⡛⣿⠛⣟⢻⢛⢻⡿⢻⡛⣿⢹⡙⡟⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣼⣧⣼⣧⣿⣧⣿⣴⣧⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣽⣾⣏⣯⣻⣇⣿⣏⣿⢹⣿⣹⣿⣽⣯⣿⣸⣹⣯⣿⣹⣟⣹⣏⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣠⣿⣼⣥⣦⣷⣤⣇⣼⣧⣿⣮⣧⣼⣼⣧⣿⣤⣿⣬⣦⣽⣷⣿⣧⣼⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠠⠈⠠⠀⠀⠁⠄⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠙⢿⡿⠋⢸⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠏⠉⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠇⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣓⣀⣀⣀⣛⣛⣋⣚⣛⣛⣛⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣀⣀⣀⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣀⣀⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢶⣶⣖⠀⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣋⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠦⠴⠦⡤⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⣿⡷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣿⡷⠶⣿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠆⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⢰⣦⡀⠐⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡏⣻⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣁⣀⡀⣀⣀⢀⢀⣀⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠛⠛⠁⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠇⠀⠖⠒⠸⠶⠲⢅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣏⢉⣉⣙⣉⣽⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣕⣧⣇⣿⣸⣹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡛⠛⣻⡿⢿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣟⣿⡛⠛⠛⠻⣟⠛⢛⣿⡿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣻⣿⠛⠛⠛⢿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣽⡾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠫⠀⠀⠀⣏⣵⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠁⠀⠀⢸⠀⠐⡖⡶⢦⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣂⡀⠒⠠⢀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣭⡉⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⣿⣧⣍⠉⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠶⠤⠀⠀⠀⠄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⡶⢿⠾⠀⠀⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡦⡏⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣤⢴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⡟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⣃⡒⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡖⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⡇⠀⠀⢘⣐⢊⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡇⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣁⠉⣉⢁⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⡇⠀⠀⢈⡈⢉⡉⡀⡀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢀⡈⣀⢈⡀⣀⣈⢀⡀⢀⡀⣀⠀⡀⢀⣀⡘⣗⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠘⠉⠈⠒⠙⠈⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠔⠘⣲⣖⠂⠐⠀⠠⠀⡇⠀⠀⠈⠉⠑⠊⠃⠉⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠋⢐⣦⡂⠀⠀⠰⠀⢸⠀⠘⠃⠋⠘⠃⠃⠛⠉⠃⠘⠃⠉⠀⠙⠘⠛⠓⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⣯⣭⣧⣬⣭⣯⣧⣯⣌⣽⣽⣧⣭⣍⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣭⣽⣴⣽⣧⣯⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣯⣽⣬⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣯⣭⣬⣽⣧⣾⣽⣵⣭⣭⣽⣯⣧⣿⣥⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣽⣏⣿⣿⣉⣭⣏⣏⣭⣹⣭⣷⣏⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣍⣯⣭⣯⣯⣉⣯⣏⣹⣉⣉⣿⣉⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣹⣿⣹⣿⣿⣉⣹⣉⣩⣍⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠤⠤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣯⣭⣭⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢓⣤⡿⠛⠉⠋⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠮⢵⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠋⠁⠛⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⡟⠀⠀⢤⠀⢿⢳⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣻⠒⠲⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣤⣤⡀⠀⢀⠀⣸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣧⠀⡀⠈⢠⢸⣸⣿⡀⡏⠉⠉⠉⠍⠒⠒⠚⢂⠂⠀⠀⣲⠂⠀⠐⣶⣿⣿⣿⡍⡝⠉⠉⢻⠛⡻⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣉⡁⠀⠀⢂⣹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⣀⣨⡀⠀⠀⢘⣿⡟⠹⠇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⣀⡀⣪⠂⡀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢸⠊⠀⠂⠒⠖⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⣿⣭⣹⠄⣴⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢿⣿⣷⣿⡿⠊⠁⠉⠉⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠃⠀⠀⠆⠹⠈⠂⠀⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠦⠯⠤⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠄⠂⠤⠆⠰⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠈⡙⠃⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣧⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣥⣤⣾⣿⣦⣀⣀⣤⣄⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣛⡟⡛⢻⠭⢿⡿⡟⢻⢏⢛⡯⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡛⢟⢛⢟⢟⠛⠙⣻⣯⡙⣻⢟⣹⠹⣟⠛⠛⣻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢻⢹⣟⣻⡿⣿⠛⠛⢛⣻⣯⠟⡿⣻⠩⢛⡿⡛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢛⠿⠟⢿⣿⡟⡿⠿⡿⣿⡛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡻⠟⢟⢛⠻⡛⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢻⣟⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠿⣿⣻⡿⢻⠛⠿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⡿⡛⠿⢿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 489
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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_9/12/2021:_Pgpool-II_4.3.0_and_European_Commission_Releases_Free
Software⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 4:54 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ Want_to_get_aboard_the_Kubernetes_Express?_Start_learning
now [Ed: The_Register became spamfarm: “PAID POST… Sponsored
by Kasten”]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Containers_101:_In-person_in_Columbia,_SC;_Online_from
Anywhere_–_FOSS_Force⠀⇛
With a brand spanking new version of Kubernetes
being released today, here’s an event that might be
just what the doctor ordered for many.
On Thursday, December 9 (that’s tomorrow, and we
apologize for being so late with this), the folks
behind the All Things Open conference are
presenting a single-night free event in Columbia,
South Carolina called Containers 101.
# ⚓ Announcing_Istio_1.12.1⠀⇛
This release contains bug fixes to improve
robustness. This release note describes what’s
different between Istio 1.12.0 and Istio 1.12.1
# ⚓ Industry_Participants_Discuss_Security,_Benefits_of
Internet-Connected_Devices⠀⇛
Many in-home appliances currently on the market,
such as washing machines and refrigerators, are
connected to the [Internet], which opens it up to
[cracking].
During a Federal Communications Bar Association
event Tuesday, Harold Feld, senior vice president
of Public Knowledge, expressed concern over this
trend in the consumer market.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Reptilian_Power_Play_|_Coder_Radio_443⠀⇛
We peak in on one of the nastiest corporate moves
in a while, and Chris has a big confession.
# ⚓ FLOSS_Weekly_659:_Open_Source_and_Amateur_Radio_–_Steve
Stroh⠀⇛
Steve Stroh (N8GNJ) joins Doc Searls and Jonathan
Bennett (KG5IAR) for an hour of conversation
regarding the world of wireless communication, HAM
radio and open source. It’s quite the masterclass
as he discusses how HAM radio modeled and still
practices openness for the world, packet radio,
TNCs, SDRs (and transceivers) WSJT, Helium, LoRa,
the ups and downs of crypto, WSPRnet, CHIRP,
disaster recovery, making antennas, StarLink, mesh
networks and much more.
# ⚓ Freespire_8.0_Run_Through_–_Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, we are looking at Freespire 8.0.
# ⚓ Freespire_8.0⠀⇛
Today we are looking at Freespire 8.0. It is based
on Ubuntu 20.04, Linux Kernel 5.4, XFCE 4.16, and
uses about 900MB – 1.5GB of ram when idling.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ AMD_Linux_EDAC_Driver_Prepares_For_Zen_4,_RDDR5_/_LRDDR5
Memory_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
AMD’s Linux engineers continue preparing for next-
gen EPYC server processors based on Zen 4 and
supporting DDR5 memory.
In addition to recent work like preparing for up to
12 CCDs per socket, temperature monitoring, and
other bits, out today is a set of patches for AMD’s
EDAC (Error Detection and Correction) driver code
for the next-generation Zen 4 server processors.
The work sent out today includes adding support for
RDDR5 and LRDDR5 memory support to the driver
(conventional DDR5 support was already mainlined).
This is for Registered DDR5 memory support as well
as Load-Reduced DDR5 memory support. LRDDR5 support
is for the higher memory density servers, similar
to LRDIMMs with prior DDR generations.
# § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ RADV_Working_On_ETC2_Emulation_Support_For_Newer
Radeon_GPUs_To_Satisfy_Android_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
Mesa’s Radeon Vulkan driver “RADV” is
implementing emulated support for ETC2
texture compression to use with newer AMD
GPUs to improve compatibility with Google’s
Android operating system.
ETC2 is the royalty-free texture compression
standard developed by Ericsson that has
worked its way into the OpenGL and OpenGL ES
specifications. RADV already supports ETC2
with Radeon GPUs having the support, but that
is rather limited to the likes of AMD Stoney
APUs and Vega/GFX9 graphics processors.
Unfortunately, the ETC2 support on the AMD
GPU side has been rather spotty and not
supported by newer APUs/GPUs.
# ⚓ XWayland_gets_DRM_leasing_support_for_helping_VR_on
Linux⠀⇛
A big improvement has been merged into
XWayland called DRM (Direct Rendering
Manager) Leasing, which should allow good VR
support under Wayland. Something we’ve been
waiting on!
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ 5_Best_Terminal_Based_Linux_Monitoring_Tools⠀⇛
We are going to explore the 5 best terminal based
monitoring tools that you can use on your Linux
systems to keep you fully aware of their status.
Everyone will agree that Linux monitoring tools are
required to ensure a healthy Linux infrastructure.
Hence, a performance monitoring solution becomes
important to observe the health, activities, and
capability of your Linux systems.
Fortunately, there are many Linux monitoring tools
available out there. In this article we are going
to talk about 5 lightweight terminal-based and
free-to-use tools to monitors servers and desktops
running Linux.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ How_to_–_Inkscape_–_rounded_corners⠀⇛
# ⚓ Install_WPS_Office_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_or_10_Buster
Linux⠀⇛
The free office suite “WPS Office Free” which was
earlier known as Kingsoft Office Free is one of the
best free alternatives available for Microsoft
Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. It is not open source
like LibreOffice but readily available for Linux
systems. Here we learn the commands or steps to
install WPS Office on Debian 11 Bullseye.
The WPS office package supports and opens all
documents saved in Microsoft file types such as
DOC, DOCX, XLS, XLSX, PPT, and PPTX. Functionally,
the three modules offer a professional range of
services: from the spell checker, thesaurus and
mail merge function via formula editor, WordArt
function, and target value search for tables to
saving presentations as MPEG videos. The creation
of PDFs is also possible with “WPS Office Free”.
# ⚓ GNU_Linux_bash_–_analyze_get_detailed_info_on_hardware
summary_with_inxi⠀⇛
# ⚓ Understanding_the_PHP_values_in_the_php.ini_configuration
file
⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we are going to explain what
contains the “php.ini” configuration file and what
is used for. The PHP ini configuration file is a
special file for PHP applications used to control
PHP settings what users can or can not do with the
website.
When PHP is installed the server is configured to
use the default PHP settings, but sometimes we need
to change the behavior of the PHP at runtime and
this is when this configuration file comes to in
use.
# ⚓ Using_whois/jwhois_on_Linux_|_Network_World⠀⇛
The whois and jwhois commands allow you to retrieve
a lot of information on Internet domains–likely a
lot more than you might imagine. Here’s how these
commands work and how they can be useful.
# ⚓ How_To_Install_Siege_Benchmarking_Tool_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS
–_idroot⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
Siege Benchmarking Tool on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For
those of you who didn’t know, Siege is one of the
popular HTTP load testings and benchmarking utility
tools to measure the performance of web servers
under stress. You can perform a stress test using a
single URL with a specific number of users or you
can put all URLs in files and stress them
simultaneously. Siege reports the total number of
hits recorded, bytes transferred, response time,
concurrency, and return status. Siege supports
HTTP/1.0 and 1.1 protocols, the GET and POST
directives, cookies, transaction logging, and basic
authentication.
This article assumes you have at least basic
knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
most importantly, you host your site on your own
VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
you are running in the root account, if not you may
need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
privileges. I will show you the step-by-step
installation of the Siege open-source regression
test and benchmark utility on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal
Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for
Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based
distribution like Linux Mint.
# ⚓ Find_out_who_Edited_Files_in_Linux_–_kifarunix.com⠀⇛
In this tutorial, you will learn how to find out
who edited files in Linux. Linux provides user
space tools for security auditing called auditd
(Audit daemon). auditd keeps track of all the
changes happening on the system and generate logs
that can be analyzed so as to get an insight into
system security posture. This include finding out
who edit what files at what specific time.
# ⚓ Linux_Fu:_The_Ultimate_Dual_Boot_Laptop?_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
I must confess, that I try not to run Windows any
more than absolutely necessary. But for many
reasons, it is occasionally necessary. In
particular, I have had several laptops that are
finicky with Linux. I still usually dual boot them,
but I often leave Windows on them for one reason or
another. I recently bought a new Dell Inspiron and
the process of dual booting it turned out to be
unusually effective but did bring up a few
challenges.
If you ever wanted a proper dual-booting laptop,
you’ll be interested in how this setup works. Sure,
you can always repartition the drive, but the
laptop has a relatively small drive and is set up
very specifically to work with the BIOS diagnostics
and recovery so it is always a pain to redo the
drive without upsetting the factory tools.
Since the laptop came with a 512 GB NVMe drive, I
wanted to upgrade the drive anyway. So one option
would have been to put a bigger drive in and then
go the normal route. That was actually my
intention, but I wound up going a different way.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Dramatic_Rise_of_Esports_Worldwide⠀⇛
The Boiling Steam Matrix Room is full of surprises.
Turns out that one of our readers, @Grazen, is in a
senior leadership role at an Esports company. Since
Esports are growing like crazy these days, it was a
great opportunity to ask him for more details about
the market and where everything is headed (and if
Linux fits anywhere currently).
[...]
Adam: I play all of them, badly, but I keep trying.
I would say Overwatch is my favorite to play but
tough to master. Overwatch and League of Legends
also work well via Lutris in Linux so it makes it
easier for me to play as I don’t generally use
Windows or OSX. There’s of course a native Linux
version of Counter-Strike but I don’t believe it’s
as well optimized as the Windows version. Call of
Duty isn’t playable on Linux due to the anti-cheat
system used.
# ⚓ Assistive_Tech_And_Video_Games_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
The basic premise of the circuit is pretty simple.
She DIY’d a few contact switches using conductive
plates made of cardboard, duct tape, and aluminum
foil. The output of the switch is read by analog
input pins on an Arduino Leonardo. When the
switches are off, the analog input pins are pulled
HIGH using 1 MegaOhm resistors. But when the user
hits their head on one of the four conductive pads,
the switch is engaged, and the analog input pins
are shorted to ground.
# ⚓ How_to_install_Grapple!_by_Barji_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
Today we are looking at how to install Grapple! by
Barji on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/
audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the
process step by step and use the commands below.
This tutorial will only work on Chromebooks with an
Intel or AMD CPU (with Linux Apps Support) and not
those with an ARM64 architecture CPU.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ This_Extension_Reproduces_Old_Fashioned_Desktop_Cube
in_GNOME_40_/_41⠀⇛
Remember the old fashioned Desktop Cube
effect? Almost 10 years ago, Ubuntu user may
enable this Compiz effect, so press and hold
Ctrl+Alt key and drag the mouse will turn
Desktop into a rotatable cube.
# ⚓ State_persistence_for_apps_and_sessions:_Endless
Orange_Week_|_Philip_Withnall⠀⇛
Those two bullet points hide a lot of
complexity, and it’s not surprising that I
didn’t get particularly far in this project!
It requires coordinated changes in a lot of
components: GLib, GTK, gnome-session and
applications themselves.
A lot of these changes have been prototyped
or worked on before, by various people, but
nothing has yet come together. In fact,
gnome-session used to fully support restoring
apps to a certain degree — before it was
ported away from XSMP, it used to support
saving the set of apps when closing a
session, and re-starting those apps when
starting the session again. It did not
support restoring the state of each app,
though, just the fact that it was running.
# ⚓ GstVA_in_GStreamer_1.20_–_Herostratus’_legacy⠀⇛
It was a year and half ago when I announced a
new VA-API H.264 decoder element in gst-
plugins-bad. And it was bundled in GStreamer
release 1.18 a couple months later. Since
then, we have been working adding more
decoders and filters, fixing bugs, and
enhancing its design. I wanted to publish
this blog post as soon as release 1.20 was
announced, but, since the developing window
is closed, which means no more new features
will be included, I’ll publish it now, to
create buzz around the next GStreamer
release.
# ⚓ Carlos_Garnacho:_An_Eventful_Instant⠀⇛
Traditionally, GNOME Shell has been
compressing pointer motion events so its
handling is synchronized to the monitor
refresh rate, this means applications would
typically see approximately 60 events per
second (or 144 if you follow the trends).
This trait inherited from the early days of
Clutter was not just a shortcut, handling
motion events implies looking up the actor
that is beneath the pointer (mainly so we
know which actor to send the event to) and
that was an expensive enough operation that
it made sense to do with the lowest frequency
possible. If you are a recurrent reader of
this blog you might remember how this area
got great improvements in the past.
But that alone is not enough, motion events
can also end up handled in JS land, and it is
in the best interest of GNOME Shell (and
people complaining about frame loss) that we
don’t need to jump into the JavaScript
machinery too often in the course of a frame.
This again makes sense to keep to a minimum.
# ⚓ ‘Video_Trimmer’_GTK_App_Adds_Dark_Mode,_New_Encode
Option⠀⇛
Among the changes offered in Video Trimmer
0.7.0 is a new checkbox for “accurate
trimming with re-encoding” to the output file
selection dialog. Whenever you need a frame-
perfect result you may want to make use of
this option — though it can sometimes result
in lower quality, so YMMV.
As well as more accurate trimming, the look
of the app has been given a once-over. The
design of Video Trimmer is said to better
match the GNOME Adwaita theme, and the app
now sports a dark style/dark mode (and uses
this by default, in-keeping with other
editing tools).
Finally, the app makes finding your exports a
touch easier. When video trimming is complete
the app shows a(n in-app) notification. As of
this release that notification gains a “Show
in Files” button. This lets you quickly
locate the resulting clip.
o § Distributions⠀➾
# § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ Meet_Calculate_Linux_22!⠀⇛
We are pleased to announce the release of
Calculate Linux 22.
With this new version, you will be able to
smoothly update your system after a long
period of time. We also ported the Calculate
Utilities to Python 3, and set PipeWire as
the default sound server.
Calculate Linux Desktop featuring the KDE
(CLD), Cinnamon (CLDC), LXQt (CLDL), Mate
(CLDM) or Xfce (CLDX and CLDXS) desktop,
Calculate Directory Server (CDS), Calculate
Linux Scratch (CLS) and Calculate Scratch
Server (CSS) are now available for download.
# ⚓ Tails_4.25_launches_new_graphical_backup_tool⠀⇛
We already have between us Tails 4.25, the
latest version of “Portable operating system
that protects you from surveillance and
censorship”, or at least that’s how the
project describes itself. For those who are
lost, it is a Linux distribution belonging to
the Tor Project and a live session aimed at
those who seek security and anonymity.
Tails 4.25 arrives with some important news.
The first is the new graphical utility to
backup persistent storage to another Tails
USB stick, which automates the backup process
described in the project documentation and
requires using the command line. The tool is
quite basic for now, but those responsible
hope to improve it in the future. At least it
is a step forward in carrying out a process
that may be important to the users of this
distribution.
The other important novelty of Tails 4.25 is
the adding an entry called “Tails (External
Hard Disk)” in the GRUB boot loader. This
feature has been added to be able to start
the system from an external hard drive or a
USB memory that used to return the following
error: Unable to find a medium containing a
live file system (Cannot find a media that
contains a live file system.)
# § Debian Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Install_WPS_Office_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_or_10_Buster
Linux⠀⇛
The free office suite “WPS Office Free” which
was earlier known as Kingsoft Office Free is
one of the best free alternatives available
for Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. It
is not open source like LibreOffice but
readily available for Linux systems. Here we
learn the commands or steps to install WPS
Office on Debian 11 Bullseye.
The WPS office package supports and opens all
documents saved in Microsoft file types such
as DOC, DOCX, XLS, XLSX, PPT, and PPTX.
Functionally, the three modules offer a
professional range of services: from the
spell checker, thesaurus and mail merge
function via formula editor, WordArt
function, and target value search for tables
to saving presentations as MPEG videos. The
creation of PDFs is also possible with “WPS
Office Free”.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Zend_OPcache_in_Debian_and_Ubuntu⠀⇛
This article was earlier written for APC
(Alternative PHP Cache), but APC is
deprecated and no longer working with PHP 5.4
onwards, now you should use OPcache for
better and faster performance as explained in
this article…
OpCache is an advanced caching module based
on opcode that works similar to other caching
solutions. It significantly improves PHP
performance, and your website by extension,
by storing your site’s pre-compiled PHP pages
in shared memory. This eliminates the need
for PHP to constantly load these pages on
each request by the server.
# ⚓ How_to_install_the_latest_version_of_nano_text_editor
–_Unixcop_the_Unix_/_Linux_the_admins_deams⠀⇛
First, install Homebrew from the project’s
website. In our chaos, I have opted for
Debian for the demo. So, read our post
How to install Homebrew on Debian 11?
After the installation has been successful.
It is then convenient to uninstall the
version of nano that we have on the system.
# ⚓ Ana_Guerrero_Lopez,_Aurelien_Jarno,_EDF,_ESA_&_Debian
toxic_woman⠀⇛
Here in the Debian Community News Team, we
are disgusted about violence against women.
Yet we also want to tell the truth: every
time a toxic woman like Ana Guerrero Lopez
makes a conspiracy, many innocent women and
volunteers suffer.
Ana thinks she is special. She works for a
nuclear company in France. Her husband works
for the European Space Agency. Therefore, she
can write this horrible defamation and she
will never suffer any consequences. Other
women will suffer for Ana’s arrogance.
Ana never created any real software for
Debian users. Ana became a Debian Developer
by going to DebConf and meeting the men.
Ninety-nine percent of the code in a Debian
release comes from real developers. People
like Ana are imposters, they take our code,
they put it into packages and they create
these big titles for themselves to hide the
developers who did the real work.
# § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ The_10_Best_Ubuntu-Based_Linux_Distributions_of_All
Time⠀⇛
Ubuntu, the Debian-based Linux OS, has been
around since 2004; ever since, it has spawned
some excellent distributions that are, in
turn, based on Ubuntu’s source code.
These distributions continue to mete out
varying degrees of success for serving
diverse use cases. The following list of
community-maintained Ubuntu distributions is
technology’s current creme.
Without further ado, let’s find out what
makes each of these Ubuntu-based distros
tick.
# ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_Lite_is_a_great_Linux-based_Windows_11
alternative_for_older_PCs⠀⇛
I’m a big fan of Windows 11, and I highly
recommend it. With that said, the operating
system has a huge problem — it is
incompatible with many older computers. This
is by design, as Microsoft purposely blocks
some older hardware. While there are ways to
bypass the compatibility check, Microsoft can
close them at any time, including possibly
blocking future updates. It just isn’t worth
the hassle, folks. Ultimately, if the Windows
11 installer says your PC is incompatible,
you should either stay on Windows 10 while it
is supported or switch to Linux.
# ⚓ Revisiting_default_initramfs_compression⠀⇛
Hi all,
some time ago, the default compressor for
initramfs was changed
from lz4 -9 to zstd -19. This caused
significant problems:
- it is very slow
- it uses a lot of memory
The former is a problem for everyone, the
latter means that
zstd just crashes on a Pi Zero.
This is an analysis of what we have in terms
of time spent,
memory spent, and file size achieved, and
where we can
go from here.
# ⚓ Ubuntu_Rethinking_Its_Initramfs_Compression_Strategy
–_Phoronix⠀⇛
While Ubuntu switched from LZ4 to Zstd for
compressing its initramfs, they now are
finding they were too aggressive in
defaulting to Zstd with the highest
compression level of 19. Due to speed and
memory consumption concerns, they are looking
at lowering their Zstd compression level.
Ubuntu had switched from LZ4 at its maximum
compression level of 9 to going with Zstd,
which is wonderful, and has a maximum level
of 19. But with that highest compression
level they have found the initramfs
decompression to be too slow and consumes too
much memory. In particular, for low-end
devices and embedded hardware like the
Raspberry Pi Zero with just 512MB of RAM, it
just crashes.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ SiFive_adds_mid-range_Essential_6-Series_RISC-
V_cores,_including_two_Linux-ready_models⠀⇛
SiFive announced a “21G3” release of its
RISC-V cores, including a new, embedded
focused “Essential 6-Series” featuring the
Linux-ready, 64-bit U64 and a similar U64-MC
designed for quad-core SoCs.
Leading RISC-V core and SoC vendor SiFive,
which last week unveiled a Cortex-A77 like
SiFive Performance P650 core for up to 16-
core SoCs, has released a 21G3 update to its
entire product line. SiFive also announced a
new mid-range line of 64-bit and 32-bit
Essential 6-Series core IP, including Linux-
friendly, 64-bit U64 and U64-MC models.
# ⚓ Two_64-bit_RISC-V_cores_debut:_StarFive_Dubhe_and_CAS
Nanhu⠀⇛
StarFive has launched its 64-bit RISC-
V “Dubhe” core with up to 2GHz @ 12nm
performance plus Vector and Hypervisor
extensions. Meanwhile, the Chinese Academy of
Sciences announced a similarly Linux-
friendly, 14nm RISC-V RV64GC “XiangShan
Nanhu” core that also clocks to 2GHz.
Chinese RISC-V chipmaker StarFive, which
recently showed off a VisionFive V1 SBC with
a StarFive JH7100 SoC with dual Cortex-A55
like SiFive U74 cores, has announced the
“delivery” of its own RISC-V core called
Dubhe. In other China-related RISC-V news,
the Chinese Academy of Sciences revealed a
line of open source XiangShan RISC-V cores
that run Linux, including a new, high
performance XiangShan Nanhu design (see
farther below).
# ⚓ An_Easy_Music_Visualizer_With_The_Arduino_Nano_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
Flashing LEDs are all well and good, but
they’re even better if they can sync up with
ambient sounds or music. [mircemk] has built
the LUMAZOID visualizer to do just that,
relying on some staple maker components to do
so.
The build is open-source, and designed to
work with strings of 60, 120, or 180 WS2812B
LEDs. An Arduino Nano is charged with running
the show, capturing audio via its analog-to-
digital converter. A sensitivity pot enables
the input level to be set appropriately.
# ⚓ 3D_Printed_Lithographic_Moon_Lamp_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
After years of being a software developer,
[Chris] was excited to get back into embedded
development and we’re glad he did. His 3D
printed lithographic moon lamp combines a
number of hacker and maker skills, and is
sure to impress.
3D-printed lithographic moons have gotten
pretty popular these days, so he was able to
find a suitable model on Thingiverse to start
with. Gotta love open-source. Of course, he
needed to make a few modifications to fit his
end design. Namely, he put a hole at the
bottom of the moon, so he could slide the LED
and heatsink inside. The 3 watt LED is pretty
beefy, so he definitely needed a heat sink to
make sure everything stayed cool.
# ⚓ Simple_Design_Elevates_This_Mechanical_Dot_Matrix
Display_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
Don’t get us wrong — we love unique displays
as much as anyone. But sometimes we stumble
across one that’s so unique that we lack the
basic vocabulary to describe it. Such is the
case with this marble-raising dot-matrix
alphanumeric display. But it’s pretty cool,
so we’ll give it a shot.
The core — literally — of [Shinsaku Hiura]’s
design is a 3D-printed cylinder with a spiral
groove in its outside circumference. The
cylinder rotates inside a cage with vertical
bars; the bars and the grooves are sized to
trap 6-mm AirSoft BBs, which are fed into the
groove by a port in the stationary base of
the display. BBs are fed into the groove at
the right position to form characters, which
move upwards as the cylinder rotates. Just
watch the video below — it explains it far
better than words can.
# ⚓ PicoVoice_offline_Voice_AI_engine_gets_free_tier_for
up_to_3_users_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛
PicoVoice offline Voice AI engine has now a
free tier that allows people to create custom
wake words and voice commands easily for up
to three users on any hardware including
Raspberry Pi and Arduino boards.
I first learned about PicoVoice about a year
ago when the offline voice AI engine was
showcased on a Raspberry Pi fitted with
ReSpeaker 4-mic array to showcase the
company’s Porcupine custom wake word engine,
and Rhino Speech-to-Intent engine. The demo
would support 9 wake words with Alexa,
Bumblebee, Computer, Hey Google, Hey Siri,
Jarvis, Picovoice, Porcupine, and Terminator.
# ⚓ This_Arduino_device_can_detect_which_language_is
being_spoken_using_tinyML_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛
Although smartphone users have had the
ability to quickly translate spoken words
into nearly any modern language for years
now, this feat has been quite tough to
accomplish on small, memory-constrained
microcontrollers. In response to this
challenge, Hackster.io user Enzo decided to
create a proof-of-concept project that
demonstrated how an embedded device can
determine the language currently being spoken
without the need for an Internet connection.
This so-called “language detector” is based
on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense, which is
connected to a common PCA9685 motor driver
that is, in turn, attached to a set of three
micro servo motors — all powered by a single
9V battery. Enzo created a dataset by
recording three words: “oui” (French), “si”
(Italian), and “yes” (English) for around 10
minutes each for a total of 30 minutes of
sound files. He also added three minutes of
random background noise to help distinguish
between the target keywords and non-important
words.
o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
# § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾
# ⚓ Leaving_MySQL_–_blog_post_by_long-term_MySQL_team
member_Steinar_H._Gunderson⠀⇛
# ⚓ PostgreSQL:_Pgpool-II_4.3.0_is_now_released.⠀⇛
Pgpool Global Development Group is pleased to
announce the availability of Pgpool-II 4.3.0.
# ⚓ PostgreSQL:_PostgreSQL_@_FOSDEM_2022:_Call_for
Proposals⠀⇛
We are happy to announce that FOSDEM is
hosting a virtual PostgreSQL Devroom at
FOSDEM 2022. Next year’s conference will take
place on the 5th and 6th of February, with
the PostgreSQL Devroom being on Sunday 6th
(It could be extended to Saturday as well if
we get as many submissions as we did last
year).
Information about FOSDEM is available at the
official website at https://www.fosdem.org/.
The in-person events in previous years
attracted more than 8000 participants, expect
more people joining for an online event.
We are now looking for PostgreSQL related
talks from both experienced and new speakers.
# § FSF⠀➾
# § Licensing/Legal⠀➾
# ⚓ The_intriguing_implications_of_SFC_v_Vizio⠀⇛
A couple of weeks ago, the Software
Freedom Conservancy (SFC) filed suit
against television maker Vizio,
alleging that Vizio took advantage of
open source software without playing by
open source rules—a scenario akin to
joining in a friendly, come-one, come-
all community game of soccer then
taking the ball and running away with
it.
The suit alleges that Vizio
incorporated software covered by two
General Public License agreements into
its SmartCast platform for streaming
content from services like Apple’s
AirPlay and Google’s Chromecast to its
TVs, but Vizio didn’t make its source
code publicly available. After several
years of diplomacy and numerous
unsuccessful appeals on the part of SFC
to Vizio to provide the source code out
of a duty to fair play, the SFC is now
asking a California state court to
force Vizio to share the source code.
I encourage you to read the full copy
of the complaint, because it’s a great
treatise on “why it matters.” In
Section D, SFC argues that defending
software freedom benefits the public
and offers three practical examples.
First, developers could add features
that protect the user’s privacy and
personal data. (Vizio previously paid a
$17 million settlement in a 2017 case
for collecting consumer data with its
Smart TVs without consumer consent.)
Second, developers could also improve
SmartCast accessibility to accommodate
those who are deaf, hard of hearing,
blind or disabled. And third,
developers could “maintain and update
the operating system should Vizio or
its successor ever decide to abandon it
or go out of business. In these ways,
purchasers of Vizio smart TVs can be
confident that their devices would not
suffer from software-induced
obsolescence, planned or otherwise.
# ⚓ Open_source_year_in_review:_2021_–
TechRepublic⠀⇛
Vizio lawsuit
The Software Freedom Conservancy sued
Vizio for abusing the GPL by using
software like BusyBox, U-Boot, bash,
gawk and tar within SmartCast OS. In
turn, Vizio failed to release the
source code (which puts them in breach
of the GPL). Instead of rectifying the
situation, Vizio filed a request to
have the case removed from the
California State Court. To make matters
worse, Vizio took this one step further
and asked that the California court to
agree that consumers not only have no
right to ask to be supplied with source
code but residents of the state have no
right to ask the court to consider the
question. In effect, Vizio is saying
anyone who purchases their SmartCast
OS-powered TVs has no right to the
source code or even make a request for
the source code to the company or the
court. Clearly, Vizio has no idea how
open source works.
Trump’s Truth Social violates open-
source license
Speaking of license violations, Donald
Trump’s beta of his rumored Truth
Social platform was discovered to
violate the AGPLv3 open-source license.
Turns out the site used code from the
popular open-source Mastodon project
and failed to release the code to the
public. As soon as the organization was
made aware of the violation, the site
was taken down. However, users who set
up accounts on the site (before it was
taken down) were not given access to
the code, which is in direct violation
of the license, and the Trump
organization continues to ignore
requests for the source, though it has
admitted that it used the code from
Mastadon.
# § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ The_European_Commission_is_making_its_software_open
source_to_benefit_society⠀⇛
If you’re wondering what sort of code the EC
could offer to the world, it gave two
examples. First, there’s its eSignature, a
set of free standards, tools, and services
that can speed up the creation and
verification of electronic signatures that
are legally valid inside the EU. Another
example is LEOS (Legislation Editing Open
Software) which is used to draft legal texts.
# ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_#34:_Less_Is_More⠀⇛
Welcome to the 34th post in the
rambunctiously refreshing R recitations, or
R4. Today’s post is about architecture.
Mies defined modernism. When still in Europe,
I had been to the Neue Nationalgalerie in
Berlin which provides a gorgeous space for
the arts. Twenty-five years ago, I worked
next to his Toronto-Dominion Center in
Toronto. Here in Chicago we have numerous
buildings: the Federal Center (the Dirksen,
the Kluczynski and the US Post Office
rounding out the square in the Loop),
multiple buildings on the Illinois Tech (aka
IIT) Campus where he taught in the
architecture department he created and lead,
the (formerly called) IBM Plaza building at
the river and more.
Structure and minimalism, often based on the
same core elements of black steel beams and
glass, are a landmark of these buildings. One
immediately senses that there is nothing left
to take away.
# § Rust⠀➾
# ⚓ Launching_the_2021_State_of_Rust_Survey_|_Rust
Blog⠀⇛
It’s that time again! Time for us to
take a look at who the Rust community
is composed of, how the Rust project is
doing, and how we can improve the Rust
programming experience. The Rust
Community Team is pleased to announce
our 2021 State of Rust Survey! Whether
or not you use Rust today, we want to
know your opinions. Your responses will
help the project understand its
strengths and weaknesses, and establish
development priorities for the future.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Manufacturers_Coupon_History:_Running_Discounts,_With_Scissors⠀⇛
In a world where browser extensions basically deliver
discounts to e-commerce sites as soon as they’re needed,
it can be strange to consider the printed coupon in that
context. That dotted-line block of discounts and fine
print, a mainstay of newspapers and mailboxes alike, is
actually relatively new in the historic sense,
representing one of the first modern forms of marketing,
but in recent years, the value proposition has shifted
because of the rise of e-commerce and the mobile phone.
But printed coupons still have their fans, and they
remain steady drivers of what’s left of the Sunday
newspaper. Today’s Tedium talks coupons, where they came
from, and how they evolved into a culture of their own.
o ⚓ Complete_Hobo_Stove_Cooking_System_Could_Get_You_Through_The
Apocalypse_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
Let’s face it, times are hard, and winter is imminent in
the northern hemisphere. No matter how much you have to
your name, there’s nothing like a cup of hot tea or a
warm meal on a cold day. So if you need a snow day
activity, consider preparing for whatever may come to
pass by building yourself a complete hobo stove system
out of empty cans.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ Spacing_Out:_Telescopes,_Politics,_And_Spacecraft_Design_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
Perhaps the most highly anticipated space mission
of the moment is the James Webb Space Telescope, an
infra-red telescope that will be placed in an orbit
around the Earth-Sun L2 Lagrange point from which
it will serve as the successor to the now long-in-
the-tooth Hubble telescope. After many years of
development the craft has been assembled and
shipped to French Guiana for a scheduled Ariane 5
launch on the 22nd of December. We can only imagine
what must have gone through the minds of the
engineers and technicians working on the telescope
when an unplanned release of a clamp band securing
it to the launch vehicle adapter sent a vibration
throughout the craft. Given the fragility of some
of its components this could have jeopardised the
mission, however after inspection it was found that
no damage had occurred and that space-watchers and
astronomers alike can breathe easy.
o § Education⠀➾
# ⚓ [Old] I_Set_Out_to_Build_the_Next_Library_of_Alexandria.
Now_I_Wonder:_Will_There_Be_Libraries_in_25_Years?⠀⇛
These are not small mom-and-pop publishers: a
handful of publishers dominate all books sales and
distribution including trade books, ebooks, and
text books. Right now, these corporate publishers
are squeezing libraries in ways that may render it
impossible for any library to own digital texts in
five years, let alone 25. Soon, librarians will be
reduced to customer service reps for a Netflix-like
rental catalog of bestsellers. If that comes to
pass, you might as well replace your library card
with a credit card. That’s what these billion-
dollar-publishers are pushing.
The libraries I grew up with would buy books,
preserve them, and lend them for free to their
patrons. If my library did not have a particular
book, then it would borrow a copy from another
library for me. In the shift from print to digital,
many commercial publishers are declaring each of
these activities illegal: they refuse libraries the
right to buy ebooks, preserve ebooks, or lend
ebooks. They demand that libraries license ebooks
for a limited time or for limited uses at
exorbitant prices, and some publishers refuse to
license audiobooks or ebooks to libraries at all,
making those digital works unavailable to hundreds
of millions of library patrons.
# ⚓ The_Middle_East_Studies_Association’s_Shameful_Betrayal_of
Academic_Freedom⠀⇛
Those campus environments help incubate and promote
lethal politics and terroristic activity, both on
campus and in Palestinian society in general. Nor
is Islamic University alone in its role in helping
to germinate radical Islam and jihadism. Matthew
Levitt, director of the Washington Institute’s
Stein Program on Terrorism, Intelligence, and
Policy, noted, for instance, that the 11,000-
student An-Najah is the largest university in the
territories, and “the terrorist recruitment,
indoctrination and radicalization of students for
which An-Najah is known typically take place via
various student groups,” among them the Hamas-
affiliated Islamic Bloc. “Of the thirteen members
of An-Najah’s 2004 student council, eight,” Levitt
wrote—“including the chairperson—belong to Hamas’s
Islamic Bloc.”
# ⚓ Machine_Learning_is_the_most_acquired_skill_in_India_on
Coursera_in_2021⠀⇛
As per Future of Jobs 2020 by the World Economic
Forum, AI and Machine Learning Specialists, Data
Analysts and Data Scientists are emerging job
roles. Therefore, graduates and professionals are
keen to explore the domain and gain specialized
skills. ‘Machine Learning’ course by Stanford
University is the most popular course on the
platform.
# ⚓ ‘Cheugy,’_‘omicron’_among_2021′s_most_mispronounced_words⠀⇛
The list released Tuesday identifies the words that
proved most challenging for newsreaders and people
on television to pronounce this year.
The caption company said it surveyed its members to
generate the list, which is now in its sixth year
and was commissioned by Babbel, a language-learning
platform with headquarters in Berlin and New York.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Made_To_Spec:_The_Coming_Age_Of_Prototyping_As_A_Service_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
Just over a decade ago, ordering Printed Circuit
Boards (PCBs) was an expensive (nay, too expensive)
ordeal for the hobbyist. Getting a single board
made would cost you several hundred US dollars at
the PCB fab house. The issue wasn’t the price per
board. It was the up-front manufacturing cost to
push the board through the factory. Sadly, PCBs
just aren’t made one-at-a-time. They’re
consolidated with other copies of the same PCB onto
a larger panel to simplify the fixturing process
when moving the design from machine to machine in
manufacturing.
But soon after, a small company called OSH Park did
something wildly different. Acting as middle-agent,
they consolidated different PCBs from various
designers onto a shared panel and sent that panel
design out for manufacturing instead. The result
was that hobbyists could order a single PCB through
OSH Park for a fraction of the cost of needing to
place a batch order directly. And what was once a
professional process became available to the after-
hours engineer for a few dollars and a few weeks
lead time.
# ⚓ Squishy_Robot_Hardware_Does_Well_Under_Pressure_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
If your jealousy for Festo robots is festering,
fret not! [mikey77] has shown us that, even without
giant piggy banks, we can still construct some
fantastic soft robotics projects with a 3D printer
and a visit to the hardware store. To get started,
simply step through the process with this 3D
Printed Artificial Muscles: Erector Set project on
Instructables.
In a nutshell, [mikey77] generously offers us a
system for designing soft robots built around a
base joint mechanism: the Omega Muscle. Fashioned
after its namesake, this base unit contains an
inflatable membrane that expands with pressure and
works in tandem with another Omega Muscle to
produce upward and downward angular movement. Each
muscle also contains two endpoints to connect to a
base, a gripper, or more Omega Muscles. Simply
scale them as needed and stack them to produce a
custom soft robot limb, or use the existing STLs to
make an articulated soft gripper.
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ What_New_Data_On_Gun_Recoveries_Can_Tell_Us_About_Increased
Violence_In_2020⠀⇛
ATF data shows that in 2020, police recovered
almost twice as many guns with a short “time-to-
crime” — in this case, guns recovered within a year
of their purchase — than in 2019. Law enforcement
officials generally view a short time-to-crime as
an indicator that a firearm was purchased with
criminal intent, since a gun with a narrow window
between sale and recovery is less likely to have
changed hands. Altogether, more than 87,000 such
guns were recovered in 2020, almost double the
previous high. And almost 68,000 guns were
recovered in 2020 with a time-to-crime of less than
seven months (meaning they were less likely to have
been purchased the prior year).
# ⚓ The_Right’s_Bad-Faith_Argument_About_Bodily_Autonomy⠀⇛
But these claims willfully ignore crucial
differences. A pregnant person, of course, has the
right to the autonomy of their own body, which
includes the choice of whether to carry a pregnancy
to term. And while the government should not send
shock troops into homes to force needles into
people’s arms, no one has the right to carry a
deadly disease into public space and possibly
infect the bodies of others, at least not when easy
and affordable mitigation tools are at hand.
# ⚓ Instagram_chief_gets_bipartisan_grilling_over_harm_to
teens⠀⇛
Lawmakers on both sides of the aisle grilled
Instagram chief Adam Mosseri Wednesday over steps
his platform has taken to protect young users.
The hearing, in front of the Senate Commerce
subcommittee on consumer protection, was Mosseri’s
first before Congress and showed rare bipartisan
agreement on the harms being caused by social
media.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ EndeavorOS,_4MLinux,_MX-21,_elementary_OS,_VSCode,
Vivaldi_… [Ed: “TechStoney” is promoting a Microsoft
PASSWORD_STEALER and other proprietary software,
spyware]⠀⇛
>
# § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾
# § Openwashing⠀➾
# ⚓ Apple_debuts_new_Open_Source_website,
will_release_projects_on_GitHub [Ed:
Openwashing in Microsoft's proprietary
software monopoly]⠀⇛
Featured Projects details some of
the open source projects that
Apple leads. Additionally, it
also features open source
projects led by third-party
organizations but contributed to
by Apple engineers.
The Releases section will see
Apple publishing the code used in
various macOS, iOS, and Developer
tools. Apple says, alongside the
updated website, it will begin
making its open source projects
available as git repositories on
Github.
# § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾
# § Linux Foundation⠀➾
# ⚓ Linux_Foundation_to_Host_the_Cloud
Hypervisor_Project,_Creating_a
Performant,_Lightweight_Virtual
Machine_Monitor_for_Modern_Cloud
Workloads [Ed: More Microsoft]⠀⇛
The Linux Foundation, the
nonprofit organization
enabling mass innovation
through open source, today
announced it will host the
Cloud Hypervisor project,
which delivers a Virtual
Machine Monitor for modern
Cloud workloads. Written in
Rust with a strong focus on
security, features include
CPU, memory and device hot
plug; support for running
Windows and Linux guests;
device offload with vhost-
user; and a minimal and
compact footprint.
# ⚓ Linux_Foundation_to_Host_the_Cloud
Hypervisor_Project⠀⇛
# ⚓ Intel’s_Cloud-Hypervisor_Moving_To
The_Linux_Foundation_–_Backed_By_Arm,
Microsoft⠀⇛
# ⚓ Linux_Foundation_to_Host_the_Cloud
Hypervisor_Project,_Creating_a
Performant,_Lightweight_Virtual
Machine_Monitor_for_Modern_Cloud
Workloads⠀⇛
# § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Germany’s_new_government_will_firmly_defend
encryption,_key_Social_Democrat_says_–
EURACTIV.com⠀⇛
According to Jens Zimmermann, the
German coalition negotiations had made
it “quite clear” that the incoming
government of the Social Democrats
(SPD), the Greens and the business-
friendly liberal FDP would reject “the
weakening of encryption, which is being
attempted under the guise of the fight
against child abuse” by the coalition
partners.
Such regulations, which are already
enshrined in the interim solution of
the ePrivacy Regulation, for example,
“diametrically contradict the character
of the coalition agreement” because
secure end-to-end encryption is
guaranteed there, Zimmermann said.
Introducing backdoors would undermine
this goal of the coalition agreement,
he added.
# ⚓ Security_updates_for_Wednesday⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by
Debian (nss), Fedora (rubygem-rmagick),
openSUSE (xen), Red Hat (firefox and
nss), SUSE (kernel and xen), and Ubuntu
(mailman and nss).
# ⚓ Security:_This_new_Firefox_feature_could_stop
zero-day_flaws_in_their_tracks_|_ZDNet⠀⇛
Mozilla has released Firefox 95 and
shipped it with its new security
sandboxing technology called RLBox for
Firefox on Windows, Linux and macOS.
# ⚓ Mozilla_Releases_Security_Updates_for_Firefox,
Firefox_ESR,_and_Thunderbird_|_CISA⠀⇛
Mozilla has released security updates
to address vulnerabilities in Firefox,
Firefox ESR, and Thunderbird. An
attacker could exploit some of these
vulnerabilities to take control of an
affected system.
CISA encourages users and
administrators to review the Mozilla
security advisories for Firefox 95,
Firefox ESR 91.4.0, and Thunderbird
91.4.0 and apply the necessary updates.
# ⚓ Protect_your_PHP_websites_with_CrowdSec⠀⇛
PHP is used by 79% of the websites for
which we know the server-side
programming language, according to
W3Techs’ usage statistics. It is
evident that we needed to provide a PHP
bouncer to help you secure your
websites. This day has finally come.
CrowdSec bouncers can be set up at
various levels of your applicative
stack: web server, firewall, CDN), etc.
And today, we are looking at one more
layer: setting up remediation directly
at the application level.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ HAROI:_Human_Readable_Authenticated_Relay
Operator_Identifier⠀⇛
below is a partial proposal draft
for human readable relay operator
IDs that are authenticated by
directory authorities. If there
is any interest in implementing
something like this I’ll complete
the draft and submit it via
gitlab.
# ⚓ How_to_keep_some_of_your_Twitter_data
away_from_advertisers⠀⇛
In April 2020, Twitter began
sharing more of your information
with advertisers. Notice came via
a rather weird notification that
said “your ability to control
mobile app advertising
measurements has been removed” —
which basically meant that
Twitter was now sharing data such
as which ads you looked at or
interacted with, as well as the
tracking identifier for your
phone. Previously, you could turn
that off — no longer. (Unless you
live in the European Union or the
UK, where there are extra
protections.)
# ⚓ Russia_Blocks_Privacy_Service_Tor_In
Latest_Move_To_Control_Internet⠀⇛
Russia’s media regulator has
blocked the online anonymity
service Tor in what is seen as
the latest move by Moscow to
bring the Internet in Russia
under its control.
Roskomnadzor announced it had
blocked access to the popular
service on December 8, cutting
off users’ ability to thwart
government surveillance by
cloaking IP addresses.
# ⚓ Russia_Blocks_TorProject.org_and_Begins
Blocking_of_Wider_Tor_Network⠀⇛
On the orders of Russian
authorities, ISPs in Russia have
blocked TorProject.org, the main
domain of the privacy-focused
anti-censorship tool Tor. The
move comes hot on the heels of
moves to block access to the
wider Tor network following
allegations that the service
helps people to access previously
blocked sites and facilitates
crime, including access to the
dark web.
# ⚓ Instagram_head_says_it’s_bringing_back
the_chronological_feed⠀⇛
The company’s algorithmically
sorted feed, introduced in 2016,
and then updated in 2017 to
include recommended posts, is
widely disliked by users who
prefer to have their posts and
their friends’ posts surface in a
timely manner. The current feed
uses AI to create what Instagram
considers a more personalized
feed, based on users’ activity.
But it has remained generally
unpopular among a vast swath of
users, despite the company’s
assertions otherwise.
Mosseri appeared before the
Senate subcommittee where he was
grilled by senators about child
safety issues on the app,
prompted in part by revelations
from whistleblower Frances
Haugen, who provided internal
documents to The Wall Street
Journal that suggested the
company was aware its app may be
“toxic” for teenagers. “Have some
empathy. Take some
responsibility,” Sen. Marsha
Blackburn (R-TN) chided Mosseri
as the hearing wound down.
# ⚓ How_to_create_an_NFT_—_and_why_you_may
not_want_to⠀⇛
NFTs have been a cultural
phenomenon throughout 2021,
constantly making headlines as
celebrities dabble in the space
and as shenanigans, scams, and
legal fights ensue. With some
creators making millions off
NFTs, though, it’s understandable
why you’d want to try your hand
at it or play around with the
tech to get a better feel for it.
We’re going to go over how to
create an NFT using two of the
most popular marketplaces, but
before we get to that point,
let’s cover some of the basics of
what an NFT is and the decisions
you may have to make before
deciding to sell one. (If you’re
relatively up to speed, you can
go to Step 3 to begin the journey
of actually creating a token.)
# § Confidentiality⠀➾
# ⚓ uBlock,_I_exfiltrate:_exploiting_ad
blockers_with_CSS⠀⇛
Ad blockers like uBlock
Origin are extremely
popular, and typically have
access to every page a user
visits. Behind the scenes,
they’re powered by
community-provided filter
lists – CSS selectors that
dictate which elements to
block. These lists are not
entirely trusted, so
they’re constrained to
prevent malicious rules
from stealing user data.
In this post, we’ll show
you how we were able to
bypass these restrictions
in uBlock Origin, use a
novel CSS-based
exploitation technique to
extract data from scripts
and attributes, and even
steal passwords from
Microsoft Edge. All
vulnerabilities discussed
in this post have been
reported to uBlock Origin
and patched.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Cologne:_Public_call_of_the_muezzin_for_the_first_time_on
Christmas_Eve?⠀⇛
As predicted by the AfD, there are increasing signs
that the two-year “model project” will become
permanent. Ditib” states that “the duration is
currently not foreseeable”.
# ⚓ At_least_30_killed_in_suspected_jihadist_attack_in_central
Mali⠀⇛
Mali has been struggling to contain an Islamist
insurgency that first erupted in the north in 2012
and has since claimed thousands of military and
civilian lives.
Despite the presence of thousands of French and
United Nations troops, the conflict has engulfed
central Mali and spread to neighboring Burkina Faso
and Niger.
# ⚓ News_of_Liverpool_Terrorist_attacker’s_‘reconversion’_to
Islam_is_no_surprise.⠀⇛
It is also believed that an accidental trigger or
overstepping a timer due to traffic delay, caused
the detonation in the taxi. Police have since
confirmed that the Improvised Explosive Device
(IED) was packed with ball bearings and was
definitely created to maim, injure or kill
civilians.
So this was not a personal suicide mission.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ How_Bolivian_lithium_could_help_fight_climate_change⠀⇛
Demand for lithium doubled between 2015 and 2020 to
around 360,000 tonnes per year. Benchmark predicts
it will soon outstrip supply by some 240,000
tonnes. The lithium market is highly speculative;
past predictions of shortages have proven wrong, in
part because people were slow to start buying
electric cars. But the idea that sooner or later
plug-in wheels will go mainstream has led to
renewed interest in Bolivia. It has 21m tonnes of
reserves, says the US Geological Survey. If it
could extract more of its reserves, it would
noticeably increase the global supply.
# § Energy⠀➾
# ⚓ With_Shell_Abandoning_the_Cambo_Project,_the_North
Sea_Urgently_Needs_a_Serious_Just_Transition_Plan⠀⇛
By Dr Daria Shapovalova (School of Law) and
Professor Tavis Potts (School of
Geosciences), University of Aberdeen
News that Shell is pulling out of the
proposed Cambo oilfield in the North Sea has
been met with delight by the climate movement
and concern by the oil and gas sector. The
oil giant has said its decision is
economically-motivated, but in reality it is
a symptom of the public’s growing awareness
of the urgent emissions cuts needed to meet
the Paris Agreement goals.
# ⚓ New_Report_Throws_Doubt_on_Overly_Optimistic_Fracking
Forecasts_From_U.S._Government⠀⇛
Oil and gas investors are anticipating hefty
dividend checks to close out 2021. Following
a decade of red ink — capped by a devastating
2020 when oil prices briefly went negative —
fracking-focused companies finally made some
money this year. High energy prices and a
slower pace of drilling allowed North
America’s shale firms to harvest a bumper
crop of cash through the summer and fall.
They’re now returning much of that bounty to
investors, rather than just plowing it back
into new wells.
Yet a new analysis from earth scientist David
Hughes, writing for the nonprofit Post Carbon
Institute, suggests that the industry’s
future may not be nearly so bright.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ Today’s_GOP_Would_Excommunicate_Bob_Dole⠀⇛
When Bob Dole bid for the presidency in 1996, the
very conservative Republican from Kansas ran a
campaign that proudly announced he “supported the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act
of 1965” and “played an instrumental role in
extending the Voting Rights Act in 1982.”1
# ⚓ Restore_the_4th_Minnesota:_Racking_Up_Victories_in_2021⠀⇛
The EFF Organizing Team caught up with Chris at
RT4MN to hear about how they got organized and won
victories this year for their communities.
What is Restore the Fourth Minnesota?
How did it come back together in 2019? Was
restarting the chapter easier than starting it
initially?
# ⚓ Google_files_lawsuit_against_Russian_[crackers]_as_part_of
disrupting_botnet⠀⇛
As part of the effort, Google filed a lawsuit in
the Southern District of New York on Tuesday
against two Russian nationals, Dmitry Starovikov
and Alexander Filippov, and more than a dozen other
unnamed individuals for allegedly creating and
running the “Glupteba” botnet. Google also worked
with industry partners to disrupt infrastructure
used by the group which means the individuals
behind the botnet currently do not have control
over it.
# ⚓ Estonian_ID_cards_cannot_be_used_to_enter_UK_from_October
1⠀⇛
People who entered the UK before September 30 with
an ID-card may require a passport to leave the
country.
It is possible to apply for a return certificate,
which is a temporary single-use travel document for
returning from the UK to Estonia.
# ⚓ Can_a_New_University_Really_Fix_Academia’s_Free_Speech
Problems?⠀⇛
To debate the free speech crisis — or lack thereof
— on campuses, Jane Coaston brought together Greg
Lukianoff, the president and C.E.O. of the
Foundation for Individual Rights in Education
(FIRE), and Mark Copelovitch, a professor of
political science and public affairs and the
director of the Center for European Studies at the
University of Wisconsin-Madison. They discuss
whether the new university can address deep-rooted
issues on campus or will just fall into the same
“thought bubble” that plagues other institutions.
# ⚓ Crumbling_Constitution⠀⇛
# ⚓ US_Should’t_Be_Invited_to_Summit_for_Democracy,_Let_Alone
Be_Its_Host⠀⇛
This week, the United States is convening a virtual
“Summit for Democracy,” the first of its kind in
what the State Department hopes to make an annual
event.
# ⚓ Biden_Shouldn’t_Use_the_Summit_for_Democracy_to_Start_More
Cold_Wars⠀⇛
On Wednesday and Thursday of this week, US
President Joe Biden will host a virtual “Summit for
Democracy.” The gathering will bring together
leaders from 110 countries who work in government,
civil society, and the private sector, with the
officially declared purpose of developing an agenda
to renew democratic government and keep democracy’s
ideals strong. (The guest list includes Pakistan,
Ukraine, and Brazil.) As authoritarianism grows
around the world, including in the United States,
the administration says it seeks practical ideas
and strong alliances against its spread. This
article was produced by Globetrotter in partnership
with ACURA.
# ⚓ A_One-Sided_Narrative:_U.S._Press_Focuses_on_“Russian
Aggression”_While_Ignoring_U.S._Escalation⠀⇛
During a virtual summit with Russian President
Vladimir Putin, President Biden threatened to
impose new economic sanctions and other measures if
Russia invades Ukraine. The talks were held amid
growing tension between the two countries over the
expansion of NATO in Eastern Europe and Russia’s
deployment of tens of thousands troops along the
border of Ukraine. Editorial director and publisher
at The Nation Katrina vanden Heuvel says the U.S.
has a “one-sided narrative” of the Russia-Ukraine
conflict that neglects to acknowledge its own role
in escalating tensions. “This [the Russia-Ukraine
conflict] is a civil war but it has become a proxy
war between the United States, Russia, NATO.”
o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾
# ⚓ The_political_divide_in_the_United_States_has_become
irreconcilable,_study_says⠀⇛
Politics in the United States have become an
increasingly polarized affair for decades, driven
largely by the right moving further to the right.
Observation of political polarization is not merely
anecdotal; studies repeatedly bear this out.
Now, some researchers say the partisan rift in the
United States has become so extreme that the
country may be at a point of no return.
According to a theoretical model’s findings
published in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, the pandemic failing to unite
the country, despite political differences, is a
signal that the U.S. is at a disconcerting tipping
point.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ Library_display_pairing_Bible_with_explicit_books_removed⠀⇛
The display was removed Tuesday; it’s not clear how
long it had been in place. In a statement, Fairfax
County Public Library Director Jessica Hudson said
the “holiday reading display was intended to
highlight the freedom to read and the fact that
many library patrons have more time during the
holidays to do so. It was not the intention of
staff to create a display that could be construed
as offensive.”
# ⚓ More_than_600_authors,_publishers_condemn_recent_book_bans
in_joint_statement⠀⇛
Wednesday’s statement condemning such acts of
censorship was released by the National Coalition
Against Censorship but included notable
signatories, such as author Judy Bloom, publishing
houses Penguin Random House and Scholastic, and the
American Library Association, among others.
“The First Amendment guarantees that no individual,
group of individuals, legislator, community member,
or even school board member can dictate what public
school students are allowed to read based on their
own personal beliefs or political viewpoint,” the
statement reads. “It is freedom of expression that
ensures that we can meet the challenges of a
changing world. That freedom is critical for the
students who will lead America in the years ahead.
We must fight to defend it.”
# ⚓ RaymondIbrahim.com_Banned_as_a_‘Pornographic’_Website⠀⇛
As anyone who has visited my website since its
inception 16 years ago knows, raymondibrahim.com
focuses almost exclusively on the Islamic question:
it looks at doctrinal and historical issues
pertaining to Islam, that religion’s interactions
with non-Muslims—with a strong focus on Christian
minorities who are regularly persecuted by the
adherents of the religion of peace—and contemporary
Islamic terrorism.
# ⚓ Top_censor_Mutua_received_Sh3.1m_excess_salary⠀⇛
Former Film Classification Board CEO Ezekiel Mutua
may be forced to refund Sh3.1 million in excess
salary he was paid on the financial year ending
June 2020.
As of June 30, 2020, KFCB cumulatively paid Sh15.3
million, comprising Sh9.2 million and Sh6.1 million
in the financial years 2019-20 and 2018-19,
respectively.
Auditor General Nancy Gathungu has flagged the
excess payment as irregular, citing lack of
approval by the Salaries and Remuneration
Commission.
# ⚓ Knesset_advances_bill_censoring_‘criminal’_social_media
posts⠀⇛
Proposed law, allowing courts to remove content
that incites violence or ‘endangers mental health,’
is met with pushback from right-wing leaders, who
claim it will crimp speech
# ⚓ [Old] English_schools_banned_from_using_anti-capitalist
material_in_teaching⠀⇛
The guidance reads: “Schools should not under any
circumstances use resources produced by
organisations that take extreme political stances
on matters. This is the case even if the material
itself is not extreme, as the use of it could imply
endorsement or support of the organisation.”
o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ Filipino,_Russian_Journalists_to_Receive_Nobel_Peace_Prize
in_Oslo⠀⇛
Two journalists, one from the Philippines and the
other from Russia, will receive the 2021 Nobel
Peace Prize at a ceremony in Oslo Friday. The
Norwegian Nobel Committee said it was honoring the
pair for their efforts to safeguard press freedom.
The Nobel Peace Prize is the latest accolade for
Filipino American journalist Maria Ressa, who has
received numerous awards for her fight for press
freedom in the Philippines. “There’s a part of me
that is happy (to accept the Nobel Peace Prize),
yes, but also angry, and hoping for a better
future,” Ressa told reporters at the Manila airport
Tuesday on her way to the Norwegian capital, Oslo.
# ⚓ Nobel_laureate_Ressa_urges_journalists_to_defend_their
rights⠀⇛
Her visit to Oslo was long uncertain. Currently on
bail pending an appeal against a conviction last
year in a cyber libel case, she applied to four
courts for permission to travel to Norway for the
ceremony.
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ Free_Speech_Advocates_Contemplate_International_Human
Rights_Obligations_on_Big_Tech⠀⇛
Whereas traditionally, citizens of a democracy can
hold their governments accountable for decisions
related to transparency of information, it is more
difficult to that now with big technology companies
being the gatekeepers, according to Barbora
Bukoská, Senior Director for Law and Policy of
international human rights organization Article 19.
“On the [Internet], this is being more and more
challenged because governments are no longer [the
ones] who are in control of the information they
hold about people,” said Bukoská. “More and more we
see corporations, especially Big Tech, making
decisions on a basis which we don’t know about.
o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾
# ⚓ Fox_News_Ready_to_Go_All-In_On_Streaming_If_Pay-TV_Decline
Keeps_Up⠀⇛
Speaking at a UBS conference Wednesday, Fox CFO
Steve Tomsic underscored that the company is
committed to the linear pay-TV business for its
sports and news assets, but added that it is ready
and willing to push further into streaming if it
has to.
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Snowball_Fights_in_Art_(1400–1946)_–_The_Public
Domain_Review⠀⇛
What’s wondrous about browsing the images of
snowball fights gathered here is how little
changes across centuries and continents.
# ⚓ Little_Switzerlands:_Alpine_Kitsch_in_England_–_The
Public_Domain_Review⠀⇛
Far from the treacherous peaks and ravines of
Switzerland, Alpine cottages arose,
unexpectedly, amid the hillocks and modest
streams of 19th-century England. Seán
Williams recovers the peculiar fad for
“Little Switzerlands”, where the Romantic
sublime meets countryside kitsch.
# ⚓ Roku_settles_YouTube_dispute_and_locks_down_apps_in
‘multi-year’_deal⠀⇛
Roku has reached a deal with Google to
continue distributing the YouTube and YouTube
TV apps on its platform. The two had been at
odds over a contract extension, sparring over
what Roku described as onerous demands by
Google for more data and more prominent
placement on its devices.
If they hadn’t reached an agreement by
tomorrow, Google planned to pull the YouTube
app from Roku — a loss for basically everyone
involved, but especially Roku users who would
have no longer been able to download a key
video service.
# ⚓ Operation_‘IPTV_Special’:_49_Pirate_IPTV_Resellers
Fined_€10,000_Each⠀⇛
Following a 2020 raid in Italy that shut down
a pirate IPTV provider, authorities have been
making progress towards bringing those
involved to justice. More than 70 people face
complaints, with 49 resellers of the service
now required to pay more than 500,000 euros
in fines. Police are also working on a
database of 65,000 customers to determine the
next course of action.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2827
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_9/12/2021:_Kali_Linux_2021.4_Released_and_GNOME_Shell_42_Plans
Outlined⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 8:02 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾
# ⚓ How_much_does_a_Linux_desktop_OS_cost?_–_nixCraft⠀⇛
Let us say you want to support Linux and buy an
actual Linux desktop OS like you buy Windows
desktop operating system from the market. How much
would it cost price-wise, and what would you get in
return when you buy a yearly subscription?
We have some well-known Linux vendors that only
target enterprise Linux desktop users. For example,
a software developer working in a bank, government,
or research facility will likely buy an enterprise
Linux desktop subscription. In addition, these
vendors have tie-up with OEMs such as Dell or HP to
offer pre-installed Linux desktop workstations or
laptops.
# ⚓ My_Recommendations_for_the_Most_Secure_Librem_14
Configuration_–_Purism⠀⇛
The Librem 14 is our most secure laptop to date. We
aim to make the Librem 14 as secure as possible out
of the box for the widest range of customers while
also taking ease-of-use and overall convenience
into account. We also avoid security measures that
take control away from you and give it to us. While
we think you should trust us, you shouldn’t have to
trust us to be secure.
While we always keep the average customer’s
security in mind, we also have a number of
customers who face more extreme threats and are
willing to trade some convenience for extra
security. Those customers have sometimes asked me
which combination of options would make their
Librem 14 order the most secure.
In this post I will provide what I think are the
highest security options you can apply to a Librem
14 order, along with some additional steps to take
once you receive your Librem 14. Before I get
started though, I want to note that even with these
recommendations, there are still additional, more
extreme steps a person could take. While I’m
providing high security recommendations, my goal
here is still to strike a reasonable balance
between high security and some level of
convenience. For those of you facing even more
extreme threats with a higher tolerance for
inconvenience, treat these recommendations as a
baseline to build on.
o § Kernel Space⠀➾
# ⚓ What_to_do_in_response_to_a_kernel_warning_[LWN.net]⠀⇛
The kernel provides a number of macros internally
to allow code to generate warnings when something
goes wrong. It does not, however, provide a lot of
guidance regarding what should happen when a
warning is issued. Alexander Popov recently posted
a patch series adding an option for the system’s
response to warnings; that series seems unlikely to
be applied in anything close to its current form,
but it did succeed in provoking a discussion on how
warnings should be handled.
Warnings are emitted with macros like WARN() and
WARN_ON_ONCE(). By default, the warning text is
emitted to the kernel log and execution continues
as if the warning had not happened. There is a
sysctl knob (kernel/panic_on_warn) that will,
instead, cause the system to panic whenever a
warning is issued, but there is a lack of options
for system administrators between ignoring the
problem and bringing the system to a complete halt.
Popov’s patch set adds another option in the form
of the kernel/pkill_on_warn knob. If set to a non-
zero value, this parameter instructs the kernel to
kill all threads of whatever process is running
whenever a warning happens. This behavior increases
the safety and security of the system over doing
nothing, Popov said, while not being as disruptive
as killing the system outright. It may kill
processes trying to exploit the system and, in
general, prevent a process from running in a
context where something is known to have gone
wrong.
There were a few objections to this option,
starting with Linus Torvalds, who pointed out that
the process that is running when a warning is
issued may not have anything to do with the warning
itself. The problem could have happened in an
interrupt handler, for example, or in a number of
other contexts. “Sending a signal to a random
process is just voodoo programming, and as likely
to cause other very odd failures as anything else”,
he said.
# ⚓ In_search_of_an_appropriate_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK_default⠀⇛
One does not normally expect a lot of disagreement
over a 13-line patch that effectively tweaks a
single line of code. Occasionally, though, such a
patch can expose a disagreement over how the
behavior of the kernel should be managed. This
patch from Drew DeVault, who is evidently taking a
break from stirring up the npm community, is a case
in point. It brings to light the question of how
the kernel community should pick default values for
configurable parameters like resource limits.
The kernel implements a set of resource limits
applied to each (unprivileged) running process;
they regulate how much CPU time a process can use,
how many files it can have open, and more. The
setrlimit() man page documents the full set. Of
interest here is RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, which places a
limit on how much memory a process can lock into
RAM. Its default value is 64KB; the system
administrator can raise it, but unprivileged
processes cannot.
Once upon a time, locking memory was a privileged
operation. The ability to prevent memory from being
swapped out can present resource-management
problems for the kernel; if too much memory is
locked, there will not be enough left for the rest
of the system to function normally. The widespread
use of cryptographic utilities like GnuPG
eventually led to this feature being made available
to all processes, though. By locking memory
containing sensitive data (keys and passphrases,
for example), GnuPG can prevent that data from
being written to swap devices or core-dump files.
To enable this extra security, the kernel community
opened up the mlock() system call to all users, but
set the limit for the number of pages that can be
locked to a relatively low value.
# ⚓ A_different_approach_to_BPF_loops⠀⇛
One of the key features of the extended BPF virtual
machine is the verifier built into the kernel that
ensures that all BPF programs are safe to run. BPF
developers often see the verifier as a bit of a
mixed blessing, though; while it can catch a lot of
problems before they happen, it can also be hard to
please. Comparisons with a well-meaning but rule-
bound and picky bureaucracy would not be entirely
misplaced. The bpf_loop() proposal from Joanne
Koong is an attempt to make pleasing the BPF
bureaucrats a bit easier for one type of loop
construct.
To do its job, the verifier must simulate the
execution of each BPF program loaded into the
kernel. It makes sure that the program does not
reference memory that should not be available to
it, that it doesn’t leak kernel memory to user
space, and many other things — including that the
program will actually terminate and not lock the
kernel into an infinite loop. Proving that a
program will terminate is, as any survivor of an
algorithms class can attest, a difficult problem;
indeed, it is impossible in the general case. So
the BPF verifier has had to find ways to simplify
the problem.
Initially, “simplifying the problem” meant
forbidding loops altogether; when a program can
only execute in a straight-through manner, with no
backward jumps, it’s clear that the program must
terminate in finite time. Needless to say, BPF
developers found this rule to be a bit
constraining. To an extent, loops can be simulated
by manually unrolling them, but that is tiresome
for short loops and impractical for longer ones. So
work soon began on finding a way to allow BPF
programs to contain loops. Various approaches to
the loop problem were tried over the years;
eventually bounded loop support was added to the
5.3 kernel in 2019.
# ⚓ Bootlin_is_now_a_Qualiopi_certified_training_provider_–
Bootlin’s_blog⠀⇛
Bootlin has been delivering training courses in the
field of Embedded Linux since its creation in 2004,
delivering over 430 courses to more than 4500
engineers just since 2009, in over 40 countries,
with a high-level of quality and a full
transparency, with fully open training materials
and publicly available training evaluations.
# § Graphics Stack⠀➾
# ⚓ wayland_1.20.0⠀⇛
Wayland 1.20.0 is released!
This release contains the following major
changes:
- FreeBSD support has been entirely
upstreamed and has been added to
our continuous integration system.
- The autotools build system has been
dropped. Meson has replaced it.
- A few protocol additions: wl_surface.offset
allows clients to update
a surface's buffer offset independently
from the buffer,
wl_output.name and description allow
clients to identify outputs
without depending on xdg-output-unstable-
v1.
- In protocol definitions, events have a new
"type" attribute and can
now be marked as destructors.
- A number of bug fixes, including a race
condition when destroying
proxies in multi-threaded clients.
Commit history since RC1 below.
Simon Ser (2):
meson: override dependencies to ease
use as subproject
build: bump to version 1.20.0 for the
official release
git tag: 1.20.0
# ⚓ Wayland_1.20_Released_With_Proper_FreeBSD_Support,
Protocol_Additions⠀⇛
Wayland 1.20 is out today as the latest
version of the reference Wayland library/
support code and core protocol.
While work on the core Wayland code itself
has slowed down in recent years, Wayland 1.20
is a fairly notable update. In particular,
this first Wayland release in nearly one year
is bringing fully upstreamed FreeBSD support.
All of the FreeBSD support patches have
worked their way upstream into Wayland 1.20
and it’s ready to be supported with this
release. There is also now FreeBSD continuous
integration (CI) test coverage to ensure the
FreeBSD support remains in good shape and
hopefully won’t regress.
# ⚓ Cross-compiling_with_icecream_–_Samuel_Iglesias
Gonsálvez’s_blog⠀⇛
One of the big issues I have when working on
Turnip driver development is that when
compiling either Mesa or VK-GL-CTS it takes a
lot of time to complete, no matter how
powerful the embedded board is. There are
reasons for that: typically those board have
limited amount of RAM (8 GB for the best
case), a slow storage disk (typically UFS 2.1
on-board storage) and CPUs that are not so
powerful compared with x86_64 desktop
alternatives.
[...]
Icecream is a distributed compilation system
that is very useful when you have to compile
big projects and/or on low-spec machines,
while having powerful machines in the local
network that can do that job instead.
However, it is not perfect: the linking stage
is still done in the machine that submits the
job, which depending on the available RAM,
could be too much for it (however you can
alleviate this a bit by using ZRAM for
example).
One of the features that icecream has over
its alternatives is that there is no need to
install the same toolchain in all the
machines as it is able to share the toolchain
among all of them. This is very useful as we
will see below in this post.
# ⚓ Mesa’s_Virgl_Code_Lands_Optimization_For_Lowering
Memory_Use_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
It is not too often getting to talk about
performance optimizations for Mesa’s Virgl
code that along with in conjunction with
related “Virgil” components allows for
hardware-accelerated 3D/OpenGL running within
virtual machines. Hitting Mesa 22.0 this week
though is some Virgl code improvements for
allowing lower memory use within virtual
machines.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ Robert_Haas:_Surviving_Without_A_Superuser_–_Part_One⠀⇛
PostgreSQL users and developers are generally aware
that it is best to minimize the number of tasks
performed as superuser, just as at the operating
system level most Linux and UNIX users are aware
that it’s best not to do too many things as root.
For that reason, PostgreSQL has over the last few
years introduced a number of predefined roles that
have special privileges and which in some case can
be used in place of the superuser role. For
instance, the pg_read_all_data role, new in version
14, has the ability to read all data in every table
in the database – not only the tables that
currently exist, but any that are created in the
future. In earlier versions, you could achieve this
effect only by handing out superuser permissions,
which is not great, because the superuser role can
do much more than just read all the data in the
database. The new predefined role allows for a very
desirable application of the principle of least
privilege.
Unfortunately, the predefined roles which exist in
current releases of PostgreSQL do not, in my view,
really come close to solving the problem. It’s good
that we have them, but there are still a large
number of things which can’t be done without
superuser privileges, and even if we make as much
progress in the next 3 years as we have in the past
10, we still won’t be all that close to a full
solution. We need to do better. Consider, for
example, the case of a service provider who would
like to support a database with multiple customers
as tenants. The customers will naturally want to
feel as if they have the powers of a true
superuser, with the ability to do things like
create new roles, drop old ones, change permissions
on objects that they don’t own, and generally enjoy
the freedom to bypass permission checks at the SQL
level which superusers enjoy. The service provider,
who is the true superuser, also wants this, but
does not want the customers to be able to do the
really scary things that a superuser can do, like
changing archive_command to rm -rf / or deleting
the entire contents of pg_proc so that the system
crashes and the database in which the operation was
performed is permanently ruined.
# ⚓ How_to_install_Webull_Desktop_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛
Today we are looking at how to install Webull
Desktop on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/
audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the
process step by step and use the commands below.
# ⚓ How_To_Install_GlassFish_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
GlassFish on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t
know, the GlassFish server is a free-ware,
lightweight application server for the development
and deployment of Java platforms and web
technologies based on Java technology. It supports
the latest Java platforms such as Enterprise
JavaBeans, JavaServer Faces, JPA, JavaServer Pages,
and many more. GlassFish comes with a simple and
user-friendly administration console with an update
tool for updates and add-on components.
This article assumes you have at least basic
knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
most importantly, you host your site on your own
VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
you are running in the root account, if not you may
need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
privileges. I will show you through the step-by-
step installation of the GlassFish on a Debian 11
(Bullseye).
# ⚓ Learn_Kubernetes_basics_–_NextGenTips⠀⇛
Kubernetes is an open-source container
orchestration system for automating computer
application deployment, scaling, and management.
Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source
platform for managing containerized workloads and
services that facilitates both declarative
configuration and automation.
# ⚓ Hans_de_Goede:_PSA:_The_5.17_kernel_will_require_some
initrd_generator_changes_for_kms_drivers⠀⇛
Starting with kernel 5.17 the kernel supports the
builtin privacy screens built into the LCD panel of
some new laptop models.
This means that the drm drivers will now return -
EPROBE_DEFER from their probe() method on models
with a builtin privacy screen when the privacy
screen provider driver has not been loaded yet.
To avoid any regressions distors should modify
their initrd generation tools to include privacy
screen provider drivers in the initrd (at least on
systems with a privacy screen), before 5.17 kernels
start showing up in their repos.
# ⚓ How_to_Change_Notification_Position_in_Ubuntu_–_OMG!
Ubuntu!⠀⇛
Want to change the position of notifications in
Ubuntu?
As you no doubt know, Ubuntu shows app and other
notifications at the top of the screen, just
beneath the clock (as in upstream GNOME Shell).
This position makes sense within the default UX.
The top of the screen in GNOME Shell is where
status bar items sit, and notification toasts live
in the calendar applet (which is accessed by
clicking the clock).
But you’re not everyone.
Perhaps you want to move notifications to the top
right of your display. This is where Ubuntu used to
show notifications (and is where many other Linux
distros and desktop environments still do).
# ⚓ Install_aaPanel_with_Ubuntu_21.04⠀⇛
Today, in this article we will learn how to install
aaPanel with Ubuntu 21.04. aaPanel is an
alternative to a web control panel like cPanel.
Even the free version of this panel can fulfill
basic needs. Provided with quick updates, rich
documentation is provided. Today, in this article
we will learn how to install aaPanel with Ubuntu
21.04.
# ⚓ How_to_install_OpenGamePanel_on_Ubuntu/Debian_-⠀⇛
OpenGamePanel is a open-source server management
panel based on PHP/MYSQL. It is a server management
tool which provides alot of features. Most of the
game servers/voice servers can be easily installed
just by selecting it in the list. The main features
includes : Custom Web FTP, Auto Updates, Easy
installation of servers. There are several game
server management panel available in the market but
the once which is fairly easy to use and install is
OpenGamePanel. It also provides prebuilt plugins
for better and advanced experience. You can rent
out servers to clients using the panel itself. We
can also configure multiple machines to be used and
managed by a single web panel.
# ⚓ Make_music_on_Linux_with_Ardour⠀⇛
If ever you’ve been curious about making music,
you’ll be pleased to know that the open source
digital audio workstation Ardour makes it easy and
fun, regardless of your level of experience. Ardour
is one of those unique applications that manages to
span beginner-level hobbyists all the way to
production-critical professionals and serves both
equally well. Part of what makes it great is its
flexibility in how you can accomplish any given
task and how most common tasks have multiple levels
of possible depth. This article introduces you to
Ardour for making your own music, assuming that you
have no musical experience and no knowledge of
music production software. If you have musical
experience, it’s easy to build on what this article
covers. If you’re used to other music production
applications, then this quick introduction to how
the Ardour interface is structured ought to be
plenty for you to explore it in depth at your own
pace.
# ⚓ Ubuntu_Blog:_Raspberry_Pi_Tutorial:_Host_a_Minecraft_server
on_Ubuntu_Desktop [Ed: Canonical/Ubuntu blog: Let's install
proprietary software for Microsoft]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Kubernetes_Features_Explained_In_Detail_–_OSTechNix⠀⇛
This is the continuation of Kubernetes introduction
guide. In this article, we are going to learn about
important features of Kubernetes which will help
you to understand the functional concepts of
Kubernetes in deeper level.
# ⚓ 13_Examples_to_Manage_S3_Bucket_Replication_Rules_using_AWS
CLI⠀⇛
Using S3 replication, you can setup automatic
replication of S3 objects from one bucket to
another. The source and destination bucket can be
within the same AWS account or in different
accounts. You can also replicate objects from one
source bucket to multiple destination buckets.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Haguichi_(Graphical_App_for_LogMeIn_Hamachi)
in_Ubuntu_20.04,_18.04_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛
Use LogMeIn Hamachi VPN service? Haguichi is a
graphical app to make easy to join, create and
manage Hamachi networks in Linux.
Haguichi is a free and open-source app that
provides a stylish GTK UI for the official Hamachi
for Linux. It has both dark and light window mode
that shows a searchable and sortable network list
in the left and details and actions in the right.
It’s well integrated with the Gnome desktop with
notifications and system tray indicator applet, and
make it easy to backup and restore configuration,
as well as manage customize commands via
Preferences dialog. And, it supports a list of
keyboard shortcuts to make network and command
actions more efficient.
# ⚓ How_to_Securely_Transfer_Files_and_Directories_on_Linux_–
buildVirtual⠀⇛
Knowing how to transfer files securely between
Linux hosts is a useful skill to have if you are
regularly working with Linux servers. You may just
need to transfer a handful of files, or you may
want to look at backing up files from one Linux
host to another. What ever the reason, there are a
number of ways you can transfer files securely on
Linux. Continue reading to find out about some of
the more common or popular ways to transfer files.
o § Games⠀➾
# ⚓ BattlEye_Anti-Cheat_Works_on_ARMA3_with_Proton_–_Boiling
Steam⠀⇛
Turns out that I have one of them, ARMA3, and I
could test that it indeed works, by filtering for
BattlEye only servers and trying to join such
servers from Linux with Proton (note that you need
to disable most of your mods if you intend on
joining online competition). It seems like Steam
downloads a specific BattlEye package before
running ARMA3 after this update, so you don’t
really have to do anything on your end.
# ⚓ New_Humble_Choice_and_multiple_Humble_Bundles_are_live_|
GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
A fresh month has arrived and so it brings with it
a new Humble Choice, the curated monthly bundle
along with a few other game bundles to go over.
Here’s a roundup of how they all work on Linux
either natively or with Steam Play Proton.
First up is Humble Choice for December. Here you
pay for whatever tier you feel is the best value to
get access to the Humble Trove (a ton of DRM-free
games), a discount at the Humble Store and the
ability to claim Steam keys (sometimes GOG keys)
for multiple titles – the amount of which depends
on what tier you buy into.
# ⚓ Loop_Hero_from_Four_Quarters_hits_a_million_sales_|
GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Looks like publisher Devolver Digital was right to
back this one, as Loop Hero from developer Four
Quarters has managed to hit a million sales on
Steam.
A game all about repetition. Loop Hero sees you
constantly run through a procedurally generated
map, where your character automatically walks
around and engages in battle with various
creatures. It’s also a deck-builder, although you
deck are map tiles so you build up the map from a
blank slate with each loop. It’s deliciously
addictive to keep playing through while it reveals
small bits of story.
# ⚓ Developer_of_The_Falconeer_looking_at_Linux_builds_for_the
Steam_Deck_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
Another developer is looking into native Linux
builds for their game, this time it’s Tomas Sala
for The Falconeer in preparation for the upcoming
Steam Deck handheld.
“Soar through the skies aboard a majestic warbird,
explore a stunning oceanic world and engage in epic
aerial dogfights, in this BAFTA nominated air
combat game from solo developer, Tomas Sala.
# ⚓ Check_out_Ashes_2063_and_Ashes:_Afterglow,_fantastic_Doom
II_total_conversions_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
An incredibly impressive double-episode total
conversation for Doom 2, we have Ashes 2063 and
Ashes: Afterglow. The first episode our own BTRE
talked a bit about back in 2018, and since then
it’s been remastered and a second episode released
only recently. Now, they’re both available easily
from Mod DB.
“Explore and scavenge through dozens of intricate
maps, and use your scratched together arsenal to
fight hordes of dangerous raiders and mutants in
this expansive GZDoom TC. Ashes is part Duke Nukem
3D, part Doom, thrown into a blender with Mad Max,
Fallout and Stalker for that refreshing post-
apocalyptic twist.”
# ⚓ Euro_Truck_Simulator_2_&_American_Truck_Simulator_get_big
upgrades_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛
SCS has upgraded both Euro Truck Simulator 2 &
American Truck Simulator with some major
improvements, and it seems they may work even
better on the upcoming Steam Deck now.
We’ll go over some of the extra content for each
below, but first, some tech changes have come to
each game. For starters, gamepad support on both
has been greatly improved. A big change considering
all the different controls needed, with the primary
aim to allow navigating the entire UI without an
addition device. They said they plan to keep making
improvements on this too.
Another big change is the inclusion of SDF (Signed
Distance Fields) fonts, which “allows texts and
fonts to be displayed perfectly in any resolution,
scale, or distance”.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾
# ⚓ GNOME_41.2_Is_Here_to_Improve_Software,_Boxes,_Orca,
Calendar,_and_Other_Apps⠀⇛
GNOME 41.2 is here five weeks after GNOME
41.1 to update the Orca screen reader
accessibility tool with improved behavior
when the focused back/forward button is
pressed, improved presentation of subscript
and superscript elements, the ability to
identify and present custom-element images,
improved speech generator for browser alerts,
support for handling name/description change
floods in the event manager, improved
presentation of indeterminate progress bars
(busy indicators), and better Python 3.10
compatibility.
# ⚓ GNOME_Shell_42_to_have_better_mouse_input_that_will
help_gaming⠀⇛
# ⚓ GNOME_42_To_Finally_Allow_Input_Events_To_Happen
Full-Rate⠀⇛
# ⚓ An_Eventful_Instant:_GNOME_Shell_42⠀⇛
If you have been following GNOME Shell
development, you might have heard about this
change before. Why it took so long to have
this merged?
The showstopper was probably what you would
suspect the least: applications that are not
handling events. If an application is not
reading events in time (is temporarily
blocking the main loop, frozen, slow, in a
breakpoint, …), these events will queue up.
But this queue is not infinite, the client
would eventually be shutdown by the
compositor. With these input devices that
could take a long… less than half a second.
Clearly, there had to be a solution in place
before we rolled this in.
There’s been some back and forth here, and
several proposed solutions. The applied fix
is robust, but unfortunately still temporary,
a better solution is being proposed at the
Wayland library level but it’s unlikely to be
ready before GNOME 42. In the mean time ,
users can happily shake their input devices
without thinking how many times a second is
enough.
Until the next adventure!
o § Distributions⠀➾
# ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_Lite:_Better_Xfce_with_Much_More_Simplicity⠀⇛
If you want to switch to Linux but don’t know which
distro to choose for your aging PC, Zorin OS 16
Lite is probably the perfect choice.
Zorin OS is an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution
designed especially for newcomers to Linux. There
are several ways you can get started with Zorin OS.
There is Zorin OS Core which is the free edition of
the distro and comes with GNOME as a desktop
environment. If you prefer the Xfce, you can try
Zorin OS Lite, which is targeted for basic use on
low-spec PCs. On top of that, there is also a paid
version which is called Zorin OS Pro.
Ultimately the main difference between the Zorin OS
Lite and the Core or the Pro version is that the
Lite version is going to be using Xfce as the
desktop environment while the other versions are
going to be using a heavily modified version on
GNOME.
# § Kali Linux⠀➾
# ⚓ Kali_Linux_2021.4_Release⠀⇛
Seasoned Kali Linux users are already aware
of this, but for the ones who are not, we do
also produce weekly builds that you can use
as well. If you cannot wait for our next
release and you want the latest packages (or
bug fixes) when you download the image, you
can just use the weekly image instead. This
way you’ll have fewer updates to do. Just
know that these are automated builds that we
do not QA like we do our standard release
images. But we gladly take bug reports about
those images because we want any issues to be
fixed before our next release!
# ⚓ Kali_Linux_2021.4_Released_with_Raspberry_Pi_Zero_2_W
Support,_GNOME_41,_and_New_Hacking_Tools⠀⇛
Coming three months after Kali Linux 2021.3,
the Kali Linux 2021.4 release is here with
Linux kernel 5.14, support for the recently
launched Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W single-board
computer (unfortunately without Nexmon
support), improved support for Apple Silicon
(M1) Macs, extended compatibility for the
Samba client to support almost all Samba
servers out there, and easier configuration
of package manager’s mirrors
# § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾
# ⚓ EndeavourOS_Atlantis_overview_|_An_Arch-based_distro
with_a_friendly_community_in_its_core._–_Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, I am going to show an overview
of EndeavourOS 21.4 and some of the
applications pre-installed.
# ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_Lite⠀⇛
Today we are looking at Zorin OS 16 Lite
edition. It is based on Ubuntu 20.04, Linux
Kernel 5.11, XFCE 4.16, and uses about 1.4 –
1.7 GB of ram when idling. Enjoy!
# ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_Lite_Run_Through_–_Invidious⠀⇛
In this video, we are looking at Zorin OS 16
Lite.
# § OpenEmbedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Claws_Mail_compiled_in_OE⠀⇛
…some plugins are disabled due to missing
dependencies. I don’t know if any of those
are important. I threw in everything I could
think of into the DEPENDS variable, but
something is still missing.
Well, if anyone reports that one of those
missing plugins is required, I will have to
hunt down the required dependencies.
I have a particular interest in using Claws
Mail to download everything from my gmail
account. Need to sort that out, so that the
downloaded emails will be permanently stored.
# ⚓ libetpan_and_bogofilter_compiled_in_OE⠀⇛
Two more optional dependencies of Claws Mail
are ‘libetpan’ and ‘bogofilter’, now also
compiled in OE. Recipe for libetpan…
# ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_Helps_Forgotten_Home_Computer_Rise_From
The_Grave_|_Tom’s_Hardware⠀⇛
Who remembers the Sol-20? Us neither, but it
was an important milestone on the path to
where we, and our computers, are today.
Without the Sol-20 the home computer world
would be very different. This important point
in home computer history is an excellent
choice, then, for a retro computer
reproduction project such as that carried out
by Michael Gardi (and highlighted by
Hackaday) using a Raspberry Pi in place of
the Intel 8080 at the original computer’s
heart.
The first fully assembled microcomputer with
both a built-in keyboard and a TV output, the
Sol-20 had the misfortune to be released in
1976, a year before Apple, Commodore and
Tandy came and stomped all over the market
with the Apple II, Pet and TRS-80. Initially
sold in three versions – a motherboard kit;
the Sol-10 added a case, keyboard and power
supply, but came with no expansion slots; and
the Sol-20 beefed up that power supply and
added five S-100 bus slots (the Sol-20 would
be by far the most popular model). The
computer stayed in production until 1979 and
would sell around 12,000 units, making them
incredibly rare today. For contrast, total
Apple II sales would hit around six million,
including a million in 1983 alone.
For the 2021 version, having an authentic-
looking case was a priority. The distinctive
blue original was made of sheet metal with
wooden sides, but Gardi reached for his 3D
printer rather than his cutting torch to make
the build more accessible to others. The
sides are made from walnut, a material
slightly befitting the aesthetic of the time.
Gardi also made a matching display for the
Sol-20, again 3D printed and embellished with
walnut, it utilises a 4:3 LCD panel and
connects to the Pi via an HDMI cable.
# § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾
# ⚓ What’s_new_in_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_8.5_Container
Tools?⠀⇛
First, if you’ve been testing RHEL 9.0 Beta,
you’ll notice that the versions of Podman,
Buildah, and Skopeo are identical. This is
because the AppStream channel in RHEL 8 and
RHEL 9 are meant to be quite similar. The
idea is that you’ll be able to upgrade much
easier.
You’ll notice this synchronization as RHEL 9
GA releases, and it is planned to continue
until RHEL 8.10 when the versions of Podman,
Buildah, and Skopeo will freeze. At this
point, the RHEL 9 Container Tools Application
Stream will be the source for the latest
Container Tools.
# ⚓ BrickThru_enables_firefighters_to_save_more_lives⠀⇛
When firefighters arrive on the scene of a
fire, they often have only seconds to decide
where to focus their attention to save the
most lives. Visibility may be low and they
may not have enough information about who is
in a building or where they are located. How
could technology be applied to help these
everyday heroes make better split-second
decisions?
The Call for Code Honoring Everyday Heroes
Challenge asked participants to develop new
technology solutions to address challenges
faced by first responders, delivery
personnel, childcare workers, healthcare
frontline workers, educators, and many more
who have been invaluable to society during
the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology solutions
would need to run on a Samsung tablet,
smartphone, and/or wearable device and use
IBM open hybrid cloud technologies such as
IBM Cloud and IBM Watson. Participants also
had access to Samsung toolkits, as well as
data from The Weather Company. Teams had four
weeks to create promising, innovative new
solutions that can be nurtured, improved, and
put to work through the Call for Code
incubation framework with IBM and Samsung
Electronics.
# ⚓ Transitioning_Red_Hat’s_EMEA_leadership_team⠀⇛
Today, we are sharing that Werner Knoblich,
Red Hat’s senior vice president and general
manager for the Europe, Middle East, and
Africa (EMEA) region has decided to retire
from Red Hat at the end of 2021. IT industry
leader and Red Hatter Hans Roth, who is
currently senior vice president and general
manager of Global Services and Technical
Enablement, will succeed him in the role
beginning in January.
Knoblich has been a strong and passionate
advocate for our customers and Red Hatters
throughout his tenure. His mantra, ‘know your
culture first, then build your employee
engagement into it,’ has consistently been at
the heart of his leadership style in addition
to a deep commitment to open source ways of
working to create a highly engaged and
results-driven team.
# ⚓ Gathering_security_data_using_the_Red_Hat_Security
Data_API⠀⇛
Red Hat Product Security is committed to
providing tools and security data to help you
better understand security threats. This data
has been available on our Security Data page
and is also available in a machine-consumable
format with the Security Data API. By
exposing a list of endpoints to query
security data, this tool allows you to
programmatically query the API for data that
was previously exposed only through files on
our Security Data page. To understand how we
share our security data, take a look at this
post.
This post will cover how the Security Data
API can be used to address real-world
security use cases and concerns
programmatically.
These selected use cases are based on
questions which were sent to the Red Hat
Product Security team in recent months. Each
of these examples can be easily modified to
address your own needs.
# ⚓ Edge_computing_benefits_and_use_cases⠀⇛
From telecommunications networks to the
manufacturing floor, through financial
services to autonomous vehicles and beyond,
computers are everywhere these days,
generating a growing tsunami of data that
needs to be captured, stored, processed and
analyzed.
At Red Hat, we see edge computing as an
opportunity to extend the open hybrid cloud
all the way to data sources and end users.
Where data has traditionally lived in the
datacenter or cloud, there are benefits and
innovations that can be realized by
processing the data these devices generate
closer to where it is produced.
This is where edge computing comes in.
# ⚓ The_first_students_from_Jyväskylä_University_of
Applied_Sciences_to_complete_courses_through_Red_Hat
Academy⠀⇛
Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences
(JAMK) offers its 8,500 students high-quality
education, which is built to meet the needs
of the labor market.
It is beneficial for both students and the
job market in the region that student
qualifications match the job requirements.
JAMK has good relations with local companies
and organizations, and 86% of JAMK computer
science students are employed soon after
studies. JAMK faculty and staff consider it
important to listen with an attentive ear to
the requirements set for experts in the
future. Solutions based on open source are on
the rise.
# ⚓ Fedora_revisits_the_Git-forge_debate⠀⇛
A seemingly straightforward question aimed at
candidates for the in-progress Fedora
elections led to a discussion on the Fedora
devel mailing list that branched into a few
different directions. The question was
related to a struggle that the distribution
has had before: whether using non-free Git
forges is appropriate. One of the differences
this time, though, is that the focus is on
where source-git (or src-git) repositories
will be hosted, which is a separate question
from where the dist-git repository lives.
# ⚓ Moshe_Bar’s_Codenotary_Votes_for_AlmaLinux_–_Becomes
a_Platinum_Member⠀⇛
FOSS Force has learned that on Thursday the
AlmaLinux Foundation, the nonprofit
organization behind the eponymous freshman
Linux distribution that’s positioning itself
as a drop-in CentOS alternative, will
announce that Codenotary has joined its
governance board as its first top-tier
Platinum member, and that AlmaLinux board
member Jack Aboutboul has taken a job as VP
of product at Codenotary.
In an email exchange with FOSS Force,
Aboutboul verified Codenotary’s Platinum
membership, his employment there, and that he
will continue to hold his positions at
AlmaLinux.
Houston-based startup Codenotary markets
highly scalable open source software built
around its immudb (for immutable database, a
fast and cryptographically-verifiable ledger
database) for helping companies protect their
software supply chain, which has become
increasingly important in the wake of the
Solarwinds software supply chain attack that
surfaced late last year. The company’s
software is available for enterprises to run
on their own equipment or in cloud instances,
or through Codenotary’s Software as a Service
offering called Codenotary Cloud.
# § Debian Family⠀➾
# ⚓ Two_outreach_organizations_receive_$50000,_career
certificates_from_Google [Ed: Google’s_money_is_not_a
gift but means of control]⠀⇛
# ⚓ Abiola_Ajadi:_Outreachy-_Get_to_know_me!⠀⇛
I have been curious about open source and how
to get started. I wasn’t sure of the right
way to start so i made some research and
spoke to a friend who introduced me to
outreachy as a good place to start. I
submitted my initial application and made it
to the contribution stage. It was exciting to
see my first merged contribution to open
source. I look forward to an exciting
internship with the Debian community and
Outreachy!
# § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾
# ⚓ What_FlutterFire’s_announcement_means_for_Desktop
Developers⠀⇛
At Canonical, we love Flutter and we can’t
stop talking about it. Our Flutter developers
have been working on bringing support to
desktop operating systems since July 2020.
This includes our new Ubuntu Desktop
installer, built with Flutter, which will be
the default user journey in our upcoming
22.04 LTS release. (If you want to see how
it’s coming along you can test it out here.)
Continuing our Flutter journey, we recently
partnered with Invertase to bring FlutterFire
support to Desktop and Dart. In this blog
post, we’ll go over what Flutter’s Firebase
announcement means for desktop developers,
how to get started with Flutter on Desktop,
and where to go to keep an eye on this
exciting project!
# ⚓ Canonical_joins_Magma_Foundation⠀⇛
We at Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu,
are pleased to join hands with the Magma
Foundation. Magma connects the world to a
faster network by providing operators an
open, flexible, and extendable mobile core
network solution. Its simplicity and low-cost
structure empower innovators to build mobile
networks that were never imagined before.
We decided to support this open source
project because of our wider telco efforts.
Our goal is to enable everyone to build an
end-to-end private LTE or 5G based on open
source tools. This is also the reason for
Canonical committing efforts to projects,
such as OpenRAN, OSM, and OMEC.
# ⚓ Ubuntu_22.04_change_hostname⠀⇛
The purpose of this tutorial is to show how
to change the system hostname on Ubuntu 22.04
Jammy Jellyfish Linux. This can be done via
command line or GUI, and will not require a
reboot in order to take effect.
The hostname of a Linux system is important
because it is used to identify the device on
a network. The hostname is also shown in
other prominent places, such as in the
terminal prompt. This gives you a constant
reminder of which system you are working
with.
Hostnames give us a way to know which device
we are interacting with either on the network
or physically, without remembering a bunch of
IP addresses that are subject to change. You
should pick a descriptive hostname like
“ubuntu-desktop” or “backup-server” rather
than something ambiguous like “server2.”
# ⚓ Ubuntu_22.04_minimum_requirements⠀⇛
Are you considering downloading Ubuntu 22.04
but need to know the system requirements? In
this article, we’ll go over the minimum
recommended system requirements for running
Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish. Whether you
want to upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04, or install
the operating system on a PC or as a virtual
machine, we’ll help you make sure you have
the required hardware.
Ubuntu is an inherently lightweight operating
system, capable of running on some pretty
outdated hardware. Canonical (the developers
of Ubuntu) even claims that, generally, a
machine that can run Windows XP, Vista,
Windows 7, or x86 OS X will be able to run
Ubuntu 22.04 even faster. Let’s take a closer
look at the hardware requirements below.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_Zero_2_W_Benchmarks_–_Nice_For_$15⠀⇛
At the end of October came the pleasant surprise of
the introduction of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W. This
drop-in replacement to the original Raspberry Pi
Zero features a more powerful 1.0GHz quad-core
Cortex-A53 compared to the miniscule 1GHz single-
core design of the original Pi Zero while boasting
512MB of LPDDR2 RAM. Here are some initial
benchmarks of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W for those
curious about its performance.
Over the past month I’ve been playing with a
Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W, kindly provided by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation. This 65 x 30 mm single
board computer has been working out well and
offering a nice performance potential for its size
factor — much more interesting for any modest
workloads than the original single-core Raspberry
Pi Zero.
# ⚓ Digging_deep_for_responsible_aluminum⠀⇛
You probably don’t think about aluminum a lot. We
do – it’s one of our 14 focus materials. But we
really dug deep when we decided the Fairphone 4 was
going to have an aluminum case rather than plastic.
And it turns out, aluminum is really interesting.
Start with this: It’s the most common mineral in
the Earth’s crust. It’s forged in stars when
magnesium picks up an extra electron. So when it
comes to supply, there’s a lot of it. But it’s hard
to make usable. In 1825, Danish chemist Hans
Christian Oersted managed to produce the first
malleable aluminum, but it was an outrageously
expensive process. For decades, aluminum was as
expensive as gold. Napoleon III’s state dinners
were proudly served on aluminum plates, and his son
waved an aluminum rattle.
In 1886, two inventors simultaneously came up with
a process in which aluminum oxide is melted in
cryolite (sodium aluminum fluoride) and subjected
to an electric current. And to this day, that’s how
aluminum is made.
# ⚓ Open_frame_panel_PCs_offer_a_choice_of_V1000,_Whiskey_Lake,
and_Apollo_Lake⠀⇛
Ibase’s IP65-protected, 27-inch “OFP-W2700” panel
PC runs Linux or Win 10 on a choice of Ryzen V1000,
Whiskey Lake, or Apollo Lake along with SATA, 2x
GbE, 4x USB 3.0, and up to 3x M.2.
Ibase announced a 27-inch, open frame panel PC
series that comes in three x86 flavors that support
Linux Kernel 4+ or Windows 10. The OFP-W2700 series
provides both portrait and landscape display modes.
The semi-rugged, IP65-protected systems support
both indoor and semi-outdoor environments for
infotainment terminal and self-service kiosk
applications. One image suggests the product is
just the thing for a gym treadmill display.
# ⚓ ECS_LIVA_Z3_&_Z3E_mini_PCs_to_ship_with_up_to_Pentium
Silver_N6000_Jasper_Lake_SoC_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛
ECS offers support for Windows 10 and Linux
operating systems, and both models are most of the
same specifications, except the thicker LIVA Z3E
adds a 2.5-inch SATA bay and two RS232 DB9 ports.
The new Jasper Lake lake model should be up to 35%
faster than the “previous generation” which should
be the LIVA Z2 based on Gemini Lake processors.
# § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾
# ⚓ One_board_to_rule_them_all:_History_of_the_Arduino
UNO_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛
As familiar as we all are with the UNO,
there’s probably a lot you don’t know about
the iconic Arduino microcontroller board. Put
on your rose-tinted spectacles, and let’s wax
poetic about the origins of this beloved
maker board.
# ⚓ Almost-Modern_TeleType_Is_Silent_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
If you’ve ever used a real TeleType machine
or seen a movie with a newsroom, you know
that one TeleType makes a lot of noise and
several make even more.[CuriousMarc] acquired
the silent replacement, a real wonder of its
day, the TI Silent 703. The $2,600 machine
was portable if you think hauling a 25-pound
suitcase around is portable. In 1971, it was
definitely a step up.19
The machine used a thermal printer, could
have a built-in acoustic coupler for talking
over the phone. You could also get a dual
tape drive that acted like a mostly silent
paper tape reader and punch.
Of course, thermal printers require thermal
paper, which has its own issues. [Marc]
doesn’t just turn the machine on, but
connects it through an RS232 analyzer and
scope to get it working as a real I/O device.
He also tears into it, something you probably
couldn’t do back in the day since you
probably leased them rather than pay the
total price which is almost $18,000 today.
# ⚓ Sifive_Essential_6-Series_RISC-V_processors_target
Linux,_real-time_applications⠀⇛
SiFive has been busy. Just a few days after
SiFive Performance P650 announcement, the
company has announced the SiFive Essential 6-
Series RISC-V processor family starting with
four 64-bit/32-bit real-time core, and two
Linux capable application cores, plus the
SiFive 21G3 release with various improvements
to existing families.
# ⚓ Intel’s_oneDNN_Ported_To_RISC-V,_More_Sapphire_Rapids
Prep_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
Intel’s oneDNN Deep Neural Network Library
that is part of their oneAPI toolkit is out
with version 2.5 and brings RISC-V CPU
support among other updates.
Intel’s oneDNN library that helps developers
build out deep learning applications
continues to support more operating system
platforms and hardware architectures. While
obviously catering to Intel’s own CPUs/GPUs,
oneDNN has also built up support for AArch64,
POWER, IBM Z, NVIDIA GPUs, and now with
oneDNN 2.5 is even RISC-V processor ISA
support.
# ⚓ RISC-V_Summit_2021_–_High_Performance_Processors,
Other_Interesting_Talks_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
Taking place in San Francisco from Monday
through yesterday evening was the RISC-
V Summit for discussions around this dominant
open-source processor ISA. For those that did
not make it to the event, many of the slide
decks are available.
The 2021 RISC-V Summit covered the XiangShan
as an open-source high performance RISC-
V processor out of China, various RISC-
V demonstrations, various IoT / edge
computing talks in the context of using RISC-
V, various Linux kernel features for this
ISA, different RISC-V extensions, the various
wares of leading RISC-V designer SiFive, and
much more.
# ⚓ StarFive_VisionFive_single_board_computer_officially
for_sale,_accelerating_RISC-V_ecosystem_development_
(Sponsored)_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛
# ⚓ SiFive_RISC-V_Rack_Cluster_and_custom_PC_power_up
with_HiFive_Unmatched⠀⇛
SiFive and AB Open demoed a “SiFive RISC-
V Rack Cluster” that runs Linux on four of
SiFive’s RISC-V U74 based HiFive Unmatched
boards. AB Open and Future Computing recently
announced a PC design based on the SBC.
At the RISC-V Summit in San Francisco this
week, RISC-V chipmaker and designer SiFive
demonstrated a SiFive RISC-V Rack Cluster
with 4x HiFive Unmatched SBCs. The four-way,
rackmount cluster collaboration with AB Open
appears to be the first cluster kit using
RISC-V technology. Last month, AB Open joined
with Future Computing to unveil a custom
desktop PC based on the Unmatched and has
posted some open source hardware and software
files for the project (see farther below).
# ⚓ Sifive_Essential_6-Series_RISC-V_processors_target
Linux,_real-time_applications_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛
SiFive has been busy. Just a few days after
SiFive Performance P650 announcement, the
company has announced the SiFive Essential 6-
Series RISC-V processor family starting with
four 64-bit/32-bit real-time core, and two
Linux capable application cores, plus the
SiFive 21G3 release with various improvements
to existing families.
# § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Android_One_page_stuck_in_2019_|_Nokiamob⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_12′s_Scrolling_Screenshot_Feature_Is_Now
Available_In_Google_Chrome⠀⇛
# ⚓ Gmail_fixes_‘undo’_button_on_Android_12_–
9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_S21_FE_tipped_to_debut_with_Android_12
—_why_that’s_a_big_deal_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛
# ⚓ Get_Android_12′s_dynamic_theming_on_older_versions
with_the_latest_Niagara_Launcher_beta⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_uninstall_multiple_apps_at_once_on_Android_–
Phandroid⠀⇛
# ⚓ The_best_PPS_chargers_for_your_Pixel_6_(and_other
Android_phones)⠀⇛
# ⚓ Vivaldi_5.0_Review:_The_Best_Browser_Gets_Better_on
Android_|_WIRED⠀⇛
# ⚓ The_9_Best_Color_by_Number_Apps_for_Android⠀⇛
# ⚓ Learn_How_To_Develop_Android_Apps_For_Only_$13⠀⇛
# ⚓ Beats_Studio_Buds_review:_Brilliant_earphones_for
Android_users_|_Expert_Reviews⠀⇛
* § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
o § Events⠀➾
# ⚓ Open_Source_in_Japan,_virtually⠀⇛
A year of virtual conferences that began with
linux.conf.au will end on a high note next week as
Collaborans will be presenting three talks at the
Open Source Summit Japan + Automotive Linux Summit
2021, taking place entirely online December 14-15.
Open Source Summit Japan is “the leading conference
connecting the Japanese open source ecosystem under
one roof”, while the Automotive Linux Summit
“gathers the most innovative minds from automotive
expertise and open source excellence, for
discussions and learnings that propel the future of
embedded devices in the automotive arena.”
# ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Distributions_Devroom_at_FOSDEM
2022⠀⇛
The Call For Participation is now open for the
Distribution Devroom at the upcoming FOSDEM 2022,
to be hosted virtually on February 6th.
o § Web Browsers⠀➾
# § Mozilla⠀➾
# ⚓ Year_in_Review:_How_we’re_curating_the_web_with_you
and_our_top_Pocket_features⠀⇛
Pocket has long been known as the go-to place
to discover, save and spend time with great
stories from around the web. As we look to
the year ahead of us, we will continue to
empower users to spend time with the stories
that matters most to them and to help users
discover the very best of the web.
# ⚓ Tor_Browser_11.0.2_released._Tor_site_blocking
extension._Possible_attacks_on_Tor⠀⇛
The release of the specialized browser Tor
Browser 11.0.2 , focused on ensuring
anonymity, security and privacy, is presented
. When using the Tor Browser, all traffic is
redirected only through the Tor network, and
it is impossible to contact directly through
the standard network connection of the
current system, which does not allow tracing
the user’s real IP address (in the event of a
browser hacking, attackers can gain access to
the system parameters of the network, so for
a complete to block potential leaks, use
products such as Whonix ). Tor Browser builds
are prepared for Linux, Windows and macOS.
For additional protection, the Tor Browser
includes the HTTPS Everywhere add-on , which
allows you to use traffic encryption on all
sites where possible. To reduce the threat
from attacks using JavaScript and block
plugins by default, a NoScript add-on is
included… To combat blocking and traffic
inspection, alternative transports are used.
To protect against highlighting visitor-
specific features, the APIs WebGL, WebGL2,
WebAudio, Social, SpeechSynthesis, Touch,
AudioContext, HTMLMediaElement, Mediastream,
Canvas, SharedWorker, WebAudio, Permissions,
MediaDevices.enumerateDevices and
screen.orientation are disabled or limited,
and are also disabled telemetry sending
tools, Pocket, Reader View, HTTP Alternative-
Services, MozTCPSocket, “link rel =
preconnect”, libmdns modified.
# ⚓ My_best_holiday_shopping_tip?_Mozilla⠀⇛
It’s that time of year again — when all of
the mail carriers have overflowing trucks,
malls are miraculously busy and budgets are
tight. Yes, it is holiday shopping time. This
year more than 84% of Americans plan to buy
holiday gifts with estimates that Americans
will spend at least as much on gifts as last
year — $789 billion on people’s present
purchases alone. And as much as we love our
family and friends, buying gifts for them can
be just stressful. While Mozilla can’t make
your impossible-to-shop-for dad any easier to
shop for or fix the supply chain issues, we
can help make the process of holiday shopping
more enjoyable.
o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾
# ⚓ LibreOffice_project_and_community_recap:_November_2021⠀⇛
Here’s our summary of updates, events and
activities in the LibreOffice project last month –
click the links to learn more!
o § FSFE⠀➾
# ⚓ 20_Years_FSFE:_Interview_with_Vincent_Lequertier_on_AI⠀⇛
In our sixth birthday publication we are
interviewing Vincent Lequertier about crucial
aspects of artificial intelligence, such as its
transparency, its connection to Open Science, and
questions of copyright. Vincent also recommends
further readings and responds to 20 Years FSFE.
A PhD candidate at the Claude Bernard university in
Lyon who researches artificial intelligence for
healthcare, Vincent supports software freedom and
volunteers for the FSFE in his free time. He has
been a part of the System Hackers, the team
responsible for the technical infrastructure of the
FSFE, for many years. His contribution was valuable
in setting the foundation for the for the good
state that the FSFE’s System Hackers team is today.
Vincent is also a member of the FSFE’s General
Assembly, and participates in the ‘Public Money?
Public Code!’ campaign. In our interview, Vincent
shares his thoughts answering questions about the
current state of AI and its future implications.
o § FSF⠀➾
# ⚓ Fall_Bulletin:_package_management,_e-books,_AGPL,_and
more⠀⇛
As we reach the close of another year of fighting
for free software, and in what is for many people
the most turbulent of times, we have finalized
another Free Software Foundation Bulletin. Our
biannual magazine is printed as well as presented
online – if you’ve received in the mail, we
encourage you to post a picture on social media
with #fsfbulletin!
o § Programming/Development⠀➾
# ⚓ APT_for_Advent_of_Code⠀⇛
Advent of Code, for those not in the know, is a
yearly Advent calendar (since 2015) of coding
puzzles many people participate in for a plenary of
reasons ranging from speed coding to code golf with
stops at learning a new language or practicing
already known ones.
I usually write boring C++, but any language and
then some can be used. There are reports of people
implementing it in hardware, solving them by hand
on paper or using Microsoft Excel… so, after
solving a puzzle the easy way yesterday, this time
I thought: CHALLENGE ACCEPTED! as I somehow
remembered an old 2008 article about solving Sudoku
with aptitude (Daniel Burrows via archive.org as
the blog is long gone) and the good same old a
package management system that can solve [puzzles]
based on package dependency rules is not something
that I think would be useful or worth having
(Russell Coker).
Day 8 has a rather lengthy problem description and
can reasonably be approached in a bunch of
different way. One unreasonable approach might be
to massage the problem description into Debian
packages and let apt help me solve the problem
(specifically Part 2, which you unlock by solving
Part 1. You can do that now, I will wait here.)
# ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel/Thinking_inside_the_box:_qlcal_0.0.1_on
CRAN:_New_Package⠀⇛
A new package of mine arrived on CRAN yesterday in
its inaugural 0.0.1 upload: qlcal.
qlcal is based on the calendaring subset of
QuantLib. It is provided (for the R package) as a
set of included files, so the package is self-
contained and does not depend on an external
QuantLib library (which can be challenging to
build). The only build requirements are Rcpp for
the seamless R/C++ integration, and BH for Boost
headers.
qlcal covers over sixty country / market calendars
and can compute holiday lists, its complement (i.e.
business day lists) and much more.
# ⚓ Peter_Czanik:_Reducing_the_complexity_of_log_management⠀⇛
It is easy to over-complicate log management.
Almost all departments in a company need to log
messages for their daily activities. However,
installing several different log management and
analysis systems in parallel is a nightmare both
from a security and an operations perspective and
wastes many resources. You cannot always reduce the
number of log analysis systems, but you can reduce
the complexity of log management. Let me show you,
how.
# ⚓ Intel,_Arm_&_Khronos_Feel_Ready_to_Land_SPIR-V_Backend
Within_LLVM_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
Engineers from Intel and Arm in cooperation with
The Khronos Group feel ready now to begin landing
their SPIR-V back-end within the upstream LLVM
source tree! This SPIR-V back-end for LLVM would
ultimately allow LLVM front-ends for different
languages to more easily target this industry-
standard shader representation so that it could be
ingested by Vulkan / OpenCL drivers.
Being worked on for a while has been this “LLVM-
SPIRV-BAckend” as a means of generating SPIR-
V binaries from LLVM. This back-end has been in the
works for a while and unlike earlier SPIR-V + LLVM
translation attempts this is a true back-end for
LLVM. Intel for their part has been initially
focused on OpenCL compute portion of SPIR-V while
acknowledging the possibility of extending it to
support 3D shaders for Vulkan.
# ⚓ BOLT_Close_To_Merging_Into_LLVM_For_Optimizing_Performance
Of_Binaries_–_Phoronix⠀⇛
In addition to the LLVM SPIR-V back-end appearing
ready for merging, also working through the final
steps for being mainlined in the LLVM compiler
stack is also Facebook’s BOLT project for
optimizing the performance of binaries.
Going on for the past several years has been
Facebook’s BOLT to speed-up Linux binaries by
collecting an execution profile for large
applications/binaries and then BOLT optimizes the
code layout of the binary.
# § Perl/Raku⠀➾
# ⚓ My_Favorite_Warnings:_shadow⠀⇛
OK, Perl does not literally have a warning
about a 1930′s pulp fiction and radio serial
character. But Perl 5.28 introduced shadow as
a new warning category for cases where a
variable is redeclared in the same scope.
Previously, such warnings were under misc.
# ⚓ Raku_Advent_Calendar:_Day_9:_Raku_code_coverage⠀⇛
Although I love using Raku, the fact that it
is still a relatively young language means
that there is a fair amount that is lacking
when it comes to tooling, etc. Until
recently, this included a way to calculate
code coverage: how much of the code in a
library is exercised (=covered) by that
library’s test suite.
Now, truth be told, this feature has been
available for some time in the Comma IDE. But
this (together with other arguably essential
developer tools like profiling, etc) is only
available in the “Complete” edition, which
requires a paid subscription.
Still, I knew that the Raku compiler kept
track of covered lines, so I always felt like
this should be doable. It only needed someone
to actually do it… and it looks like someone
actually did.
# § Python⠀➾
# ⚓ Python_identifiers,_PEP_8,_and_consistency_
[LWN.net]⠀⇛
While there are few rules on the names of
variables, classes, functions, and so on
(i.e. identifiers) in the Python language,
there are some guidelines on how those things
should be named. But, of course, those
guidelines were not always followed in the
standard library, especially in the early
years of the project. A suggestion to add
aliases to the standard library for
identifiers that do not follow the guidelines
seems highly unlikely to go anywhere, but it
led to an interesting discussion on the
python-ideas mailing list.
To a first approximation, a Python identifier
can be any sequence of Unicode code points
that correspond to characters, but they
cannot start with a numeral nor be the same
as one of the 35 reserved keywords. That
leaves a lot of room for expressiveness (and
some confusion) in those names. There is,
however, PEP 8 (“Style Guide for Python
Code”) that has some naming conventions for
identifiers, but the PEP contains a caveat:
“The naming conventions of Python’s library
are a bit of a mess, so we’ll never get this
completely consistent”.
But consistency is just what Matt del Valle
was after when he proposed making aliases for
identifiers in the standard library that do
not conform to the PEP 8 conventions. The
idea cropped up after reading the
documentation for the threading module in the
standard library, which has a note near the
top about deprecating the camel-case function
names in the module for others that are in
keeping with the guidelines in PEP 8. The
camel-case names are still present, but were
deprecated in Python 3.10 in favor of names
that are lower case, sometimes with
underscores (e.g. threading.current_thread()
instead of threading.currentThread()).
# § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾
# ⚓ Bash_For_Loop_Array:_Iterate_Through_Array_Values⠀⇛
How do I use bash for loop to iterate thought
array values under UNIX / Linux operating
systems? How can I loop through an array of
strings in Bash?
The Bash provides one-dimensional array
variables. Any variable may be used as an
array; the declare builtin will explicitly
declare an array. There is no maximum limit
on the size of an array, nor any requirement
that members be indexed or assigned
contiguously. Arrays are indexed using
integers and are zero-based. This page
explains how to declare a bash array and then
use Bash for Loop to iterate through array
values.
# § Rust⠀➾
# ⚓ Rust_advances_to_become_the_second_language_of_the
Linux_kernel⠀⇛
Rust is called to do great things, to the
extent that it has been proposed that Linux
be rewritten, at least partially, in said
programming language. Linus Torvalds did not
close the door to this possibility, but the
creator of the kernel, who is not very
disruptive, showed some skepticism about how
the technology from Mozilla would work when
push comes to shove.
However, the strong interest in bringing Rust
to Linux, together with the enormous
potential that the official implementation of
the language holds, suggested that its
introduction was going to take place sooner
rather than later, and as has been seen
recently, that’s how it will be, given that
some developers are taking important steps to
make Rust the second language of the Linux
kernel.
Before proceeding further, it is important to
note that Linux, at least at the project
level, not pure C for a long time. This means
that Rust would not be the first outsider
that “sneaks” into one of the projects that,
to this day, remains one of the main bastions
of the C language, which has endured and
continues to endure as one of the great
references of low-level programming.
# ⚓ This_Week_In_Rust:_This_Week_in_Rust_420⠀⇛
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ Picking_a_masthead_colour…_[Off_Topic]⠀⇛
You may have noticed that the design of this site has
changed a bit (mainly on desktop, though a few of the
changes filter out to those of you who read from a
narrower port of view). My main motivation is to make the
site look a bit more punchy.
As I’ve mentioned a few times in the past: I am not a
designer. I really don’t know what I’m doing, other than
making stuff “look nice” to my eyes, turning it into CSS,
and rolling it out and hoping for the best.
But I figured I would run a few things by you, the
reader, since pleasing your eyes matters more than mine.
Also: I very rarely ever mention design changes when we
make them. This sometimes leads people to mail in
reporting things as broken.
o § Science⠀➾
# ⚓ Molding_Complex_Optics_In_A_Completely_Fluid_System_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
Traditional lensmaking is a grind — literally. One
starts with a piece of glass, rubs it against an
abrasive surface to wear away the excess bits, and
eventually gets it to just the right shape and size
for the job. Whether done by machine or by hand,
it’s a time-consuming process, and it sure seems
like there’s got to be a better way.
Thanks to [Moran Bercovici] at Technion: Israel
Institute of Technology, there is. He leads a team
that uses fluids to create complex optics quickly
and cheaply, and the process looks remarkably
simple. It’s something akin to the injection-molded
lenses that are common in mass-produced optical
equipment, but with a twist — there’s no mold per
se. Instead, a UV-curable resin is injected into a
3D printed constraining ring that’s sitting inside
a tank of fluid. The resin takes a shape determined
by the geometry of the constraining ring and
gravitational forces, hydrostatic forces, and
surface tension forces acting on the resin. Once
the resin archives the right shape, a blast of UV
light cures it. Presto, instant lenses!
# ⚓ Wearable_Sensor_For_Detecting_Substance_Use_Disorder_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
Oftentimes, the feature set for our typical
fitness-focused wearables feels a bit empty. Push
notifications on your wrist? OK, fine. Counting
your steps? Sure, why not. But how useful are those
capabilities anyway? Well, what if wearables could
be used for a more dignified purpose like helping
people in recovery from substance use disorder
(SUD)? That’s what the researchers at the
University of Massachusetts Medical School aimed to
find out.
In their paper, they used a wrist-worn wearable to
measure locomotion, heart rate, skin temperature,
and electrodermal activity of 38 SUD patients
during their everyday lives. They wanted to detect
periods of stress and craving, as these parameters
are possible triggers of substance use.
Furthermore, they had patients self-report times
during the day when they felt stressed or had
cravings, and used those reports to calibrate their
model.
# ⚓ The_Challenges_Of_Finding_A_Substitute_For_Human_Blood_|
Hackaday⠀⇛
Throughout history, the human body has been the
subject of endless scrutiny and wonder. Many
puzzled over the function of all these organs and
fluids found inside. This included the purpose of
blood, which saw itself alternately disregarded as
being merely for ‘cooling the body’, to being
responsible for regulating the body’s humors,
leading to the practice of bloodletting and other
questionable remedies. As medical science
progressed, however, we came to quite a different
perspective.
Simply put, our circulatory system and the blood
inside it, is what allows us large, multi-celled
organisms to exist. It carries oxygen and nutrients
to cells, while enabling the removal of waste
products as well as an easy path for the cells that
make up our immune system. Our blood and the
tissues involved with it are crucial to a healthy
existence. This is something which becomes
painfully clear when we talk about injuries and
surgeries that involve severe blood loss.
While the practice of blood transfusions from
donated blood has made a tremendous difference
here, it’s not always easy to keep every single
type of blood stocked, especially not in remote
hospitals, in an ambulance, or in the midst of a
war zone. Here the use of artificial blood — free
from complicated storage requirements and the need
to balance blood types — could be revolutionary and
save countless lives, including those whose
religion forbids the transfusion of human blood.
o § Hardware⠀➾
# ⚓ Ham_Radio_SSB_Transceiver_Fits_In_Pocket_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
Talking about this Chinese ham radio transceiver
requires a veritable flurry of acronyms: HF, SSB,
QRP, and SDR to start with. [Paul] does a nice job
of unboxing the rig and checking it out. The radio
is a clone of a German project and provides a low-
power radio with a rechargeable battery. You can
see his video about the gear below.
SSB is an odd choice for low power operation,
although we wonder if you couldn’t feed digital
data in using a mode like PSK31 that has good
performance at low power. There are several
variations of the radio available and they cost
generally less than $200 — sometimes quite a bit
less.
# ⚓ MAC_TIP_Diagnoses_Your_Old_Zip_And_Jaz_Drives_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
Trouble In Paradise (TIP) was a popular Windows-
only tool for troubleshooting Iomega Jaz and Zip
drives way back when. The drives have fallen out of
favor with PC, but the drives are still highly
prized amongst classic Mac collectors, who use the
SCSI versions as boot disks for the vintage
machines. Thus, [Marcio Luis Teixeira] set about
porting the TIP tool to the platform.
# ⚓ The_Ins_and_Outs_of_Casting_Lenses_from_Epoxy⠀⇛
If you need a lens for a project, chances are
pretty good that you pick up a catalog or look up
an optics vendor online and just order something.
Practical, no doubt, but pretty unsporting,
especially when it’s possible to cast custom lenses
at home using silicone molds and epoxy resins.
Possible, but not exactly easy, as [Zachary Tong]
relates. His journey into custom DIY optics began
while looking for ways to make copies of existing
mirrors using carbon fiber and resin, using the
technique of replication molding. While playing
with that, he realized that an inexpensive glass or
plastic lens could stand in for the precision-
machined metal mandrel which is usually used in
this technique. Pretty soon he was using silicone
rubber to make two-piece, high-quality molds of
lenses, good enough to try a few casting shots with
epoxy resin. [Zach] ran into a few problems along
the way, like proper resin selection, temperature
control, mold release agent compatibility, and even
dealing with shrinkage in both the mold material
and the resin. But he’s had some pretty good
results, which he shares in the video below.
# ⚓ Keynote_Video:_Dr._Keith_Thorne_Explains_The_Extreme
Engineering_Of_The_LIGO_Hardware_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
Observatory (LIGO) is a huge installation measured
in kilometers that is listening for wrinkles in
space-time. Pulling this off is a true story of
hardware and software hacking, and we were lucky to
have Dr. Keith Thorne dive into those details with
his newly published “Extreme Instruments for
Extreme Astrophysics” keynote from the 2021
Hackaday Remoticon.
Gravity causes space-time to stretch — think back
to the diagrams you’ve seen of a massive orb (a
star or planet) sitting on a plane with grid lines
drawn on it, the fabric of that plane being stretch
downward from the mass of the orb. If you have two
massive entities like black holes orbiting each
other, they give off gravitational waves. When they
collide and merge, they create a brief but very
strong train of waves. Evidence of these events are
what LIGO is looking for.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# ⚓ Apple_CEO_Tim_Cook_‘Secretly’_Signed_$275_Billion
Deal_With_China_in_2016⠀⇛
# § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾
# § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾
# § Linux Foundation⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Cyber-Investigation_Analysis
Standard_Expression_(CASE)_Becomes
Part_Of_Linux_Foundation⠀⇛
The Linux Foundation has
announced that the Cyber-
investigation Analysis
Standard Expression (CASE)
is becoming a community
project as part of the
Cyber Domain Ontology
(CDO) project under the
Linux Foundation. CASE is
an ontology-based
specification that supports
automated combination and
intelligent analysis of
cyber-investigation
information. CASE
concentrates on advancing
interoperability and
analytics across a broad
range of cyber-
investigation domains,
including digital forensics
and incident response
(DFIR).
Organizations involved in
joint operations or
intrusion investigations
can efficiently and
consistently exchange
information in standard
format with CASE, breaking
down data silos and
increasing visibility
across all information
sources. Tools that support
CASE facilitate correlation
of differing data sources
and exploration of
investigative questions,
giving analysts a more
comprehensive and cohesive
view of available
information, opening new
opportunities for
searching, pivoting,
contextual analysis,
pattern recognition,
machine learning and
visualization.
# ⚓ Facing_Economic_Challenges:_Open
Source_Opportunities_are_Strong
During_Times_of_Crisis⠀⇛
Our recently published Open
Source Jobs Report examined
the demand for open source
talent and trends among
open source professionals.
What did we find?
# ⚓ LFX_Platform:_An_Update_on_Growing
and_Sustaining_Open_Source [Ed: Tons
of puff pieces from LF this week;
can't help but wonder if in response
to our criticisms earlier in the week
and the IRS conundrum in
particular]⠀⇛
Open source fuels the
world’s innovation, yet
building impactful,
innovative, high-quality,
and secure software at
scale can be challenging
when meeting the growing
requirements of open source
communities. Over the past
two decades, we have
learned that ecosystem
building is complex. A
solution was needed to help
communities manage
themselves with the proper
toolsets in key functional
domains.
From infrastructure to
legal and compliance, from
code security to marketing,
our experience in project
governance among
communities within the
Linux Foundation has
accumulated years of
expertise and proven best
practices. As a result, we
have spent the year
productizing the LFX
Platform, a suite of tools
engineered to grow and
sustain and grow the
communities of today and
build the communities of
tomorrow.
# § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Elastic_Announces_New_Osquery_Manager
Integration_and_Memory_Threat_Protection_for
macOS_and_Linux⠀⇛
Elastic (NYSE: ESTC) (“Elastic”), the
company behind Elasticsearch and the
Elastic Stack, announced new
integrations and enhancements across
the Elastic Security solution in its
7.16 release, enabling users to
accelerate detection and response,
increase real-time visibility into
their data, protect endpoints against
advanced attacks, and streamline
workflows.
# ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday⠀⇛
Security updates have been issued by
Fedora (firefox, libopenmpt, matrix-
synapse, vim, and xen), Mageia (gmp,
heimdal, libsndfile, nginx/vsftpd,
openjdk, sharpziplib/mono-tools, and
vim), Red Hat (java-1.8.0-ibm),
Scientific Linux (firefox), SUSE
(kernel-rt), and Ubuntu (bluez).
# ⚓ Google_Shuts_Down_Glupteba_Botnet,_Sues
Operators_–_Schneier_on_Security⠀⇛
Google took steps to shut down the
Glupteba botnet, at least for now. (The
botnet uses the bitcoin blockchain as a
backup command-and-control mechanism,
making it hard to get rid of it
permanently.) So Google is also suing
the botnet’s operators.
# ⚓ CISA_Releases_Guidance_on_Protecting
Organization-Run_Social_Media_Accounts_|_CISA⠀⇛
CISA has released Capacity Enhancement
Guide (CEG): Social Media Account
Protection, which details ways to
protect the security of organization-
run social media accounts. Malicious
cyber actors that successfully
compromise social media
accounts—including accounts used by
federal agencies—could spread false or
sensitive information to a wide
audience. The measures described in the
CEG aim to reduce the risk of
unauthorized access on platforms such
as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.
# ⚓ Cisco_Releases_Security_Advisory_for_Multiple
Products_Affected_by_Apache_HTTP_Server
Vulnerabilities⠀⇛
Cisco has released a security advisory
to address Cisco products affected by
multiple vulnerabilities in Apache HTTP
Server 2.4.48 and earlier releases. An
unauthenticated remote attacker could
exploit this vulnerability to take
control of an affected system.
# ⚓ Mozilla_Security_Blog:_Improving_the_Quality_of
Publicly_Trusted_Intermediate_CA_Certificates
with_Enhanced_Oversight_and_Automation⠀⇛
In keeping with our commitment to the
security and privacy of individuals on
the internet, Mozilla is increasing our
oversight and adding automation to our
compliance-checking of publicly trusted
intermediate CA certificates
(“intermediate certificates”). This
improvement in automation is important
because intermediate certificates play
a critical part in the web PKI (Public-
Key Infrastructure). Intermediate CA
keys directly sign server certificates,
and we currently recognize nearly 3,000
intermediate certificates, which chain
up to approximately 150 root CA
certificates embedded as trust anchors
in NSS and Firefox. More specifically,
we are updating the Mozilla Root Store
Policy (MRSP) and associated guidance,
improving the public review of third-
party intermediate certificates on the
Mozilla dev-security-policy list, and
enhancing automation in the Common CA
Database (CCADB).
[...]
With the CCADB, Mozilla has provided a
variety of tools to examine the status
of intermediate certificates where none
existed before. These include
improvements that allow us to
automatically process CA audit reports
using Audit Letter Validation (ALV),
advise CAs on the status of their
intermediate certificates, and provide
CAs and root store operators with lists
of tasks relevant to intermediate
certificates listed in the CCADB.
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ UK_privacy_chief_denies_conflict_of
interest_in_new_role⠀⇛
The UK’s outgoing information
commissioner Elizabeth Denham is
set to join global law firm Baker
McKenzie, which previously
defended Facebook against privacy
enforcement by her office.
Denham joined the Information
Commissioner’s Office (ICO) in
2016, where she oversaw the
introduction of the General Data
Protection Regulation (GDPR) in
May 2018, and is due to be
replaced by current New Zealand
privacy commissioner John
Edwards.
# ⚓ The_EU_Digital_Services_Act_won’t_work
without_strong_enforcement_–_Access_Now⠀⇛
The European Union is in the
process of adopting its Digital
Service Act (DSA), a law that
will govern how content can be
shared and viewed online. But
this landmark legislation won’t
help secure our rights without
strong enforcement.
The enforcement mechanism of the
DSA hasn’t shared the same
spotlight as other “hot topics”
received throughout the ongoing
legislative negotiations, but it
is an incredibly important one.
Without effective and properly-
functioning enforcement, the
future “content moderation
rulebook” that should
revolutionise the platform
governance model will remain an
empty shell.
This is not the first time that
the European Union has set itself
up to be the forerunner in
internet regulation. Back in
2018, the internationally
acclaimed General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR) was labelled as
the new world standard for
privacy and data protection.
While the GDPR is a legislative
success, it has been an
enforcement failure.The blame is
often placed at the feet of
insufficiently funded and
understaffed Data Protection
Authorities (DPAs), whose slow
action has left a huge number of
complaints — from both
individuals and NGOs —
unaddressed. But, in reality,
this is just one part of a much
more complicated story.
So what can the EU learn from its
experience with the GDPR to
ensure a strong enforcement of
the DSA?
# ⚓ Use_of_Facial_Recognition_Technologies_on
a_steep_rise_in_India⠀⇛
In November 2021, Amnesty
International, along with the
Internet Freedom Foundation and
Article 19, drew attention to
Hyderabad, a city in the Indian
state of Telangana, which has
established a ‘Command and
Control Centre’ – a hundred and
seven million dollar project that
is meant to support the
processing of over six hundred
thousand surveillance cameras in
Hyderabad at once. This, combined
with Hyderabad police’s existing
facial recognition software for
identifying individuals will
enable the police to track
individuals across the city in
real time.
[...]
Currently, the Indian government
is deliberating the third draft
of a proposed Personal Data
Protection Bill. The law comes
with some important milestones
regarding regulating cross-border
data flows and prior consent
before use of personal data,
although experts concur that some
of the most worrying aspects of
the proposed bill are unchecked
biases, overbroad authority of
the government to bypass the law,
and built-in obstacles to
informing data subjects if there
has been a breach of their
personal data.
The escalating use of FRT in
India despite the absence of
related legislation can be in
part understood by examining how
FRT has been used in the past,
since this may help predict
whether the future use of a large
urban CCTV network along with FRT
is likely to result in any
effective oversight.
In October 2021, in response to
questions about uncovered footage
of Hyderabad’s police forcing
civilians walking on streets to
remove their masks and capturing
their photos and in some cases,
also demanding their fingerprint,
the local police stations stated
that this was a part of ‘the
patrolling cops official duty’
and that the police was scanning
‘suspicious persons only’.
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ Rohingya_refugees_file_$150_billion_lawsuit_against
Facebook_for_alleged_content_moderation_malpractices⠀⇛
On December 6, 2021, a refugee who fled Myanmar
when she was sixteen, filed a class action lawsuit
against Facebook in California’s Superior Court for
alleged incitement to violence and facilitation of
genocide in Myanmar (formerly Burma). The suit was
on behalf of herself and all Rohingya who fled
Myanmar on or after June 1, 2012, and who now
reside in the USA as refugees or asylum seekers. A
similar coordinated action is due in the United
Kingdom representing Rohingya refugees in UK and
Bangladesh, and a letter of notice to this effect
was submitted to Facebook’s London office on the
same day. The case comes two years after Facebook,
in a statement, officially admitted that it hadn’t
done enough to prevent its platform from “being
used to foment division and incite offline violence
in Myanmar.”
o § Government⠀➾
# ⚓ The_European_Commission_pledges_to_release_more_software⠀⇛
The European Union and its legislative body, the
European Commission continues to advance its
digital strategy with open source software as one
of the fundamental pillars. On this occasion it was
the latter that announced news for the distribution
of software developed to meet internal needs of the
organization.
According to the published information, the
European Commission has approved a new regulation
that favors free access to the software they
produce as long as there are potential benefits for
‘citizens, businesses or other public services’,
which from theory to practice may well encompass
everything that unfolds under its roof.
This new provision is supported in turn by a recent
study also carried out by the Commission on the
impact of open source software in areas such as
technological independence, competitiveness and
innovation in the economy of the European Union.
The objective is to find solid evidence with which
to shape European open source policies for the next
few years.
In economic terms, in fact, the calculations are
most optimistic and point to a strong economic
impact, of billions of euros of savings per year -
by way of example, it is estimated between 65 and
95 billion euros in 2018 alone- and, with a minimal
increase in the bet, there could be a growth in the
EU’s GDP of around 100 billion euros.
# ⚓ OSI_welcomes_the_Decision_of_the_European_Commission⠀⇛
OSI welcomes the Decision of the European
Commission on the open source licensing and reuse
of Commission software. The December 8 Decision
means that Commission services may choose to make
Commission software available under open source
licenses, something OSI has long advocated and
which opens great opportunities both for
individuals and companies.
OSI encourages every part of the Commission to make
the most of this new Decision, both for economic
and civil reasons. A recent report for the
Commission by Open Forum Europe (an OSI Affiliate)
estimates that “open source software contributes
between €65 to €95 billion to the European Union’s
GDP” and observed that “if open source
contributions increased by 10% in the EU, they
would generate an additional 0.4% to 0.6% (around
€100 billion) to the bloc’s GDP.” But as observed
in the 2018 UNESCO “Paris Call” report, a document
that OSI contributed to, software is also an
essential element of our cultural heritage and
legislators need to “create an enabling legal,
policy and institutional environment where software
source code can flourish as an integral part of
knowledge societies” and especially leverage open
source licensing to “enable effective independent
auditing of software source code used to make
decisions that may affect fundamental rights of
human beings”.
# § Patents⠀➾
# ⚓ Smart_Phones_without_headphone_3.5mm_jack_–_why_this
sucks_and_wireless_headphones_with_tiny_batteries_make
no_sense_(in_general)_–_Apple’s_lack_of_innovation_–
the_Microsoft_recycling_catastrophe_–_Corona_shows:
patents_suck_and_kill_people_(part_of_the_problem)⠀⇛
Actually making the case for: screw patents,
they are what makes the Corona pandemic that
worse (now effectively killing people by US
gov not enforcing Pfizer & Biontech to make
the COVID19 vaccine “Open Source” or “Public
Domain” aka open knowledge, as Tesla does)
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ Could_India_Be_The_Crucial_Battleground_For_Open
Access_To_Scientific_Research?_|_Hackaday⠀⇛
One of the hottest topics in the world of
scientific publishing over the last couple of
decades has been the growing pressure to
release the fruits of public-funded
scientific research from the paywalled
clutches of commercial publishers. This week
comes news of a new front in this ongoing
battle, as a group of Indian researchers have
filed an intervention application with the
help of the Indian Internet Freedom
Foundation in a case that involves the
publishers Elsevier, Wiley, and the American
Chemical Society who have filed a copyright
infringement suit against in the Delhi High
Court against the LibGen & Sci-Hub shadow
library websites.
The researchers all come from the field of
social sciences, and they hope to halt moves
to block the websites by demonstrating their
importance to research in India in the light
of unsustainable pricing for Indian
researchers. Furthermore they intend to
demonstrate a right of access for researchers
and teachers under Indian law, thus
undermining the legal standing of the
original claim.
䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 5747
╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕
⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧
Gemini_version_available_♊︎
✐ Links_9/12/2021:_EU_Antitrust_Probe_Against_Microsoft,_Tor_Browser_11.0.2
Released⠀✐
Posted in News_Roundup at 11:17 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈
§ Contents⠀➾
* GNU/Linux
o Distributions
o Devices/Embedded
* Free_Software/Open_Source
* Leftovers
* § GNU/Linux⠀➾
o § Server⠀➾
# ⚓ Pod_Security_Graduates_to_Beta⠀⇛
With the release of Kubernetes v1.23, Pod Security
admission has now entered beta. Pod Security is a
built-in admission controller that evaluates pod
specifications against a predefined set of Pod
Security Standards and determines whether to admit
or deny the pod from running.
Pod Security is the successor to PodSecurityPolicy
which was deprecated in the v1.21 release, and will
be removed in Kubernetes v1.25. In this article, we
cover the key concepts of Pod Security along with
how to use it. We hope that cluster administrators
and developers alike will use this new mechanism to
enforce secure defaults for their workloads.
o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾
# ⚓ Capturing_and_Correcting_the_Perfect_Video_Color⠀⇛
Next in our video editing series for the Librem 14,
Gardiner Bryant dives into color balancing. In this
video, you’ll learn how to capture images without
losing color data and how to use effects to correct
color using Kdenlive, a free software video editing
solution. This video will help those looking to
level up their overall video production. We hope to
do similar projects like this in the future, so if
you have ideas for topics you’d like us to cover,
please let us know!
# ⚓ KDE_News:_What’s_Up_With_KDE,_And_How_Was_It_Implemented!_–
Kockatoo_Tube⠀⇛
# ⚓ BSDNow_432:_Introducing_OpenZFS_3.0_–_Yeah⠀⇛
HAMBug hybrid meeting, Demystifying OpenZFS 2.0,
OpenZFS 3.0 introduced at Dev Summit, HardenedBSD
Home Infrastructure Status, Running Awk in
parallel, FreeBSD Announces Wayland 1.19.91, and
more
# ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_933⠀⇛
kubernetes networking, aws goes down, video games
o § Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Blender_3_comes_with_great_improvements_and_changes_at_the
GPU_level⠀⇛
Blender 3.0 It is now available as the new major
version of the well-known three-dimensional
graphics creation and rendering solution, which is
also one of the prides of free software as its base
components are licensed under GPLv2 (although there
are parts and plugins under other licenses such as
Apache ).
Much has been done to beg the third major version
of Blender, since version 2.0 was released in
August 2000, which is 21 years apart. Blender 3 has
come with the intention of being a turning point
for a project that has gone from being a relatively
small player to competing with the great
professional and proprietary solutions of the
sector, which has ended up generating many
interests around it by receiving supported by
giants such as Ubisoft, Epic Games, Unity
Technologies, AMD, NVIDIA, Adobe, Canonical, and
Microsoft. After explaining the situation a bit, we
go with the most important changes and news.
Blender 3 includes changes and new features on all
or almost all fronts, covering internals,
animation, navigation between assets, wax brush,
modeling, nodes and physics, Python API, Cycles for
rendering physics, user interface, virtual reality,
sculpting, painting and textures.
o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾
# ⚓ How_To_Install_LAMP_Stack_on_Fedora_35_–_idroot⠀⇛
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
LAMP Stack on Fedora 35. For those of you who
didn’t know, the LAMP stack is a known combination
of Linux, Apache, MariaDB, and PHP. Here Linux is
an operating system, Apache is the popular web
server developed by Apache Foundation, MariaDB is a
relational database management system used for
storing data and PHP is the widely used programming
language. With LAMP it is possible to develop and
deploy web applications created in PHP.
This article assumes you have at least basic
knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
most importantly, you host your site on your own
VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
you are running in the root account, if not you may
need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
privileges. I will show you through the step-by-
step installation of the Apache, MariaDB & PHP
(LAMP Stack) on a Fedora 35.
# ⚓ How_to_Change_WordPress_Port_in_Apache_and_Nginx⠀⇛
When installed or running applications and/or
services want to communicate (send and receive
data), they need to be assigned a specific/default
port. These ports facilitate multiple communication
sessions within a defined network address.
When you successfully install your WordPress site
on a local or server machine, you have the option
of it being powered by popular web servers like
Apache and Nginx.
# ⚓ How_to_colourise_black_&_white_pictures_with_OpenVINO™_on
Ubuntu_containers_(Part_2)_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛
This blog is the last part of a series – don’t miss
parts one and zero. We’re on a mission to
demonstrate OpenVINO™ on Ubuntu containers; from
the consistently outstanding developer experience
to the added trust to your software supply chain.
In this blog, I’ll guide you on your way to
building and deploying an AI colouriser app on
MicroK8s. The demo will give you a better feel of
the Ubuntu in containers experience and how it
makes developers’ lives easier, especially in
complex environments like AI/ML.
The story so far: I misplanned my Christmas
shopping and had to find a last-minute present for
my grandparents (still hoping they’re not reading).
Fortunately, I came across this blog. It gave me
the best Christmas present idea ever: a handcrafted
photo book of their childhood pictures, colourised
using deep learning. Easy peasy, you think
(sarcastically). But seriously, thanks to OpenVINO™
and Ubuntu containers, it is much easier than it
sounds! You’ll see.
# ⚓ How_to_Sort_Top_Command_in_Linux_Based_on_Memory_Usage⠀⇛
As a Linux user, you cannot avoid the top command.
This simple command gives an overview of the all
running system process. It refreshes the stats
every three seconds and gives you the feeling of
continuously monitoring the processes.
By default, the output of the top command is sorted
on the CPU consumption. This means that you see the
processes that consume the most CPU is on the top
of the command.
But what if you want to see the processes that
consume the most of the RAM? You can sort top
command based on memory usage instead of CPU
consumption.
# ⚓ How_to_Install_Samba_on_RHEL_and_CentOS_Stream⠀⇛
Operating system users might have different
egoistic opinions on which operating system
distribution is better but always find a common
ground when it comes to issues like finding ideal
file sharing solutions.
Samba is such a solution. Whether you are on a
Windows or Linux operating system environment,
Samba makes it possible to flexible share files
among remote operating system users.
# ⚓ How_to_use_wall_command_in_linux_–_Unixcop_the_Unix_/_Linux
the_admins_deams⠀⇛
wall (an abbreviation of write to all) is a Unix
command-line utility that displays the contents of
a computer file or standard input to all logged-in
users. It is typically used by root to send out
shutting down message to all users just before
poweroff.
# ⚓ How_to_install_and_set_up_Gitlab_CE_Server_on_Debian_11⠀⇛
GitLab allows you to host an on-premise Git
repository that can be accessed from either your
local LAN or (if you have an available public IP
address) from outside your company. GitLab is an
open-source repository manager based on Rails
developed by GitLab Inc. It is a web-based git
repository manager that allows your team to
collaborate on coding, testing, and deploying
applications. GitLab provides several features,
including wikis, issue tracking, code reviews, and
activity feeds.
In this guide, we will install the GitLab CE on the
Debian 11. We will install the GitLab CE using the
‘omnibus’ package provided by GitLab.
# ⚓ How_to_install_Postman_client_on_Ubuntu_21.10_–
NextGenTips⠀⇛
Postman is an API platform for building and using
APIs. Postman simplifies each step of the API
lifecycle and streamlines collaborations so you can
create better APIs faster.
So what is API? API is an acronym for Application
Programming Interface, which is a software
intermediary that allows two applications to talk
to each other.
In this tutorial, I will take you through the
installation of Postman on Ubuntu 21.10
# ⚓ How_to_install_Docker_on_Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛
The purpose of this tutorial is to show how to
install Docker on Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish
Linux. Docker is a tool that is used to run
software in a container. It’s a great way for
developers and users to worry less about
compatibility with an operating system and
dependencies because the contained software should
run identically on any system.
Docker is available for download and installation
on Ubuntu 22.04 as well as most other distributions
of Linux. After Docker is installed, you can use it
to install software packages much the same way you
would use your distro’s package manager to download
an app. The difference of using Docker is that
everything is more automated, with compatability
and dependencies no longer being potential issues.
In this guide, we’ll show you how to install Docker
on Ubuntu 22.04 and get started with installing
containerized software.
# ⚓ 20_YUM_Commands_for_Linux_Package_Management⠀⇛
In this article, we will learn how to install,
update, remove, find packages, manage packages and
repositories on Linux systems using YUM (Yellowdog
Updater Modified) tool developed by RedHat.
The example commands shown in this article are
practically tested on our RHEL 8 server, you can
use these materials for study purposes, RHEL
certifications, or just to explore ways to install
new packages and keep your system up-to-date.
# ⚓ 2_Best_ways_to_Install_Skype_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_Jammy_–
Linux_Shout [Ed: bad idea; it's a spyware that wiretaps
calls]⠀⇛
If you don’t know about Skype then you either don’t
spend much time on the internet or you haven’t come
into contact with messengers yet. Well, in both
scenarios, if you are a Linux then this tutorial
will help you to understand what is Skype and how
to install it on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Linux.
Skype is Microsoft’s Voice over IP Messenger. Using
it you can make free internet telephony and use
instant messaging functions and data transfer.
Video call is also possible.
o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾
# ⚓ CrossOver_21.1_supports_running_GTA_V_and_recovers_Outlook
2016/365_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛
CodeWeavers has announced the publication of
CrossOver 21.1, the first maintenance release of
version 21 that comes with enhancements for some of
the most popular Windows applications. For the
lost, this software is the commercial
implementation of Wine, developed by the main
contributor to the compatibility layer (Wine leader
Alexandre Julliard is an employee of CodeWeavers),
and is available for Linux, macOS, and Chrome OS. .
The main novelty of CrossOver 21.1 is that now the
popular video game Grand Theft Auto V is officially
supported on Linux and macOS, including also GTA
Online. The game can be run both through Steam (we
assume the Windows version of the application) and
through Rockstar’s own launcher. Despite having
appeared in 2013 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 and
seen the light in 2015 for PC, GTA V it is still
one of the most popular video games today.
For Linux, support for Outlook 2016/365 has been
restored, one of the most recent versions of the
mail client that is part of the well-known
Microsoft office suite. On the other hand,
dependency problems have been resolved to offer a
better experience with Chrome OS and macOS Monterey
is officially supported as of this release.
o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾
# § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾
# ⚓ KDE_Gear_21.12_Software_Suite_Released_as_a_Massive
Update,_Here’s_What’s_New⠀⇛
After several months of development, KDE Gear
21.12 is now ready for mass deployment with
an improved Dolphin file manager that now
makes it easier than ever to locate and
identify files and folders, shows previews
for .cbz comic book files that contain WebP
images, and improves icon zooming.
Dolphin is also one of the first KDE app to
adopt the new mechanism for saving volatile
state data, such as window position and size,
into a separate config file instead of the
one that explicitly stores configurable
settings. More KDE apps will adopt this major
new feature in future updates.
# ⚓ KDE_Gear_21.12⠀⇛
KDE Gear 21.12 has landed and comes with a
massive number of updates and new versions of
applications and libraries. Literally, dozens
of classic KDE everyday tools and the
specialised sophisticated apps you use to
work, be creative and play, are getting
refreshers with design improvements, new
features and performance and stability
enhancements.
And the whole set of packages comes just in
time for the season of giving. Hanukkah/the
Winter Solstice/the Generic Mid-Winter
Holiday/Christmas/whatever-you-celebrate is
just around the corner, so why not share with
those that are less fortunate, that is, those
who do not use KDE software yet?
Install Plasma for your friends and family
and deck them out with the brand new versions
of KDE’s utilities and programs!
o § Distributions⠀➾
# § Reviews⠀➾
# ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_Lite_Review_–_Perfect_Combination_of
Beauty,_Performance_and_Simplicity⠀⇛
We review the Zorin OS 16 Lite with Xfce
desktop in this post and summarize the
features, performance with our exclusive deep
dive.
# § New Releases⠀➾
# ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_Lite_is_the_Windows_11_alternative_you’ve
been_waiting_for⠀⇛
So, if you want something new and feel like
switching to Linux but don’t know which
operating system to choose for your old PC,
we might be able to help you with that.
Zorin OS 16 Lite, which was actually released
today, should be an excellent Linux-based
Windows 11 alternative for aging devices.
Although its distribution is based on Ubuntu
20.04.3 LTS and uses Xfce 4.16 as its desktop
environment, Zorin is actually going to feel
rather familiar to Windows users.
It comes with pre-installed software, which
makes it great for beginners, who can start
using it right after installation, and, it
even offers a simple way to install and run
Windows programs.
And it even looks almost exactly like Windows
11, making this transition even smoother than
you might actually expect.
# § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾
# ⚓ 10_tips_for_machine_learning_experiment_tracking_and
reproducibility:_Do_it_yourself_approach_without
additional_tooling_–_IBM_Developer⠀⇛
As machine learning practitioners, we invest
significant time and effort to improve our
models. You usually do it iteratively and
experimentally by repeatedly changing your
model, running an experiment, and examining
the results, then deciding whether the recent
model change was positive and should be kept
or discarded.
Changes in each iteration might involve, for
example, changing a value for a
hyperparameter, adding a new input feature,
changing the underlying machine learning
model (for example, by using gradient
boosting classification instead of random
forest classification), trying a new
heuristic, or trying an entirely new
approach.
Experimentation cycles can cause a great deal
of confusion. It’s easy to get lost,
forgetting what changes you made in the
recent experiments and whether the latest
results are indeed better than before. A
single experiment can take hours or even
longer to complete. So, you try to optimize
your time and execute multiple experiments
simultaneously. This makes it even less
manageable, and the confusion gets even
worse.
In this blog, I share lessons and good
practices that I learned in my recent machine
learning projects. Although I call it a “Do
it yourself” approach, some might call it
“The caveman way.” I am fully aware that
nowadays there are many experiment tracking
and management platforms, but it is not
always possible or convenient to use them.
Some platforms require that you execute your
experiments on their platform. Sometimes you
can’t share sensitive information outside of
your organization, not just the data sets but
also results and code. Many platforms require
a paid subscription, which can also be a
problem in some cases. Sometimes you just
want full control of your experiment
management approach and data.
The following practices are easy to implement
and do not require additional tooling. They
are mostly suitable for small to medium
machine learning projects with a single
researcher or a small team. Most of the
artifacts are saved locally, and adaptations
might be required if you want to use a shared
storage. As a seasoned developer of
production systems, I’m aware that a few of
the tips might be considered ‘code-smells’ or
bad practices when it comes to traditional
development of such systems. However, I
believe that they have their place and are
justified for short-term research projects. I
would like to emphasize that the tips reflect
my personal journey and point of view, and
not necessarily any official views or
practices.
# ⚓ Goodbye,_CentOS_…_and_welcome_back,_CentOS_9_Stream_–
itsfoss.net⠀⇛
The last couple of years have been messy for
the CentOS project and, coinciding with the
final stages of this couple of years, there
have been announcements that have shaped the
new reality of it, whose outcome is
fulfilled, following tradition, when we are
ending this year. That’s why we say goodbye
to CentOS, as we welcome you to CentOS 9
Stream All in a somewhat figurative way, it
should be added.
Recomposing the facts for those who are not
up to date, in September 2009 Red Hat
announced two releases of its community
distribution: CentOS 8, which as always up to
that point had been built directly from the
source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
(RHEL); and CentOS Stream, a new variant in
format rolling release It was never quite
clear how it would fit into the project org
chart, given the nature of CentOS, whose
pillars have always revolved around
stability, long-term support, and a
professional solution approach.
# ⚓ How_we_use_Linux_Test_Project_to_test_and_improve
Linux_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛
The Linux Test Project (LTP) is a general-
purpose, integrated test suite designed to
help organizations using and developing Linux
better understand what things work and what
still needs work. It is comprised of
regression and conformance tests designed to
confirm the behavior of the Linux kernel and
glibc. Its tools and test suites aim to
verify the Linux kernel and related
subsystems.
In short, the Linux Test Project (LTP) is
aimed at testing and improving Linux. Its
goal is to deliver a suite of automated
testing tools for Linux and publish the
results of the tests they run. For example,
we use LTP tests on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
(RHEL) to improve the Linux kernel and system
libraries.
# ⚓ DevSecOps_jobs:_3_ways_to_get_hired_|_The
Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛
In the specialty of DevSecOps, demand for
talent has outpaced supply. Many
organizations have realized that the
traditional siloed development structure is
no longer adequate for maintaining
application security in light of the ever-
increasing pace of software development and
delivery. To remedy this problem, many have
started shifting security left – having
developers run tests and fix security issues
in their code.
As a result, DevSecOps, a function tasked
with continuous AppSec testing throughout the
DevOps pipeline, has become essential.
However, this is a tough field to break into,
and figuring out the right path can be
challenging. With such a huge demand in the
industry for DevSecOps expertise, those who
are looking for new opportunities should
understand the skills and qualifications
needed for this emerging role.
# ⚓ Get_started_with_Gradle_plugins_for_Eclipse_JKube⠀⇛
Eclipse JKube is a collection of plugins and
libraries to help Java developers
containerize and deploy their applications.
At the end of the Summer of 2020, Eclipse
JKube published its first stable release (see
the article, Cloud-native Java applications
made easy: Eclipse JKube 1.0.0 now available
). The Eclipse JKube team has just released
Eclipse JKube v1.5.1, which includes Gradle
plugins for Kubernetes and Red Hat OpenShift.
This article introduces the new Gradle
plugins in Eclipse JKube. You will learn how
to build a Java application into a container
image and deploy it onto either vanilla
Kubernetes or an OpenShift cluster using
Gradle.
# ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_CPE_Weekly_Update_–_Week_of
December_6th_–_10th⠀⇛
This is a weekly report from the CPE
(Community Platform Engineering) Team. If you
have any questions or feedback, please
respond to this report or contact us on
#redhat-cpe channel on libera.chat (https://
libera.chat/).
# ⚓ Printf-style_debugging_using_GDB,_Part_3⠀⇛
Welcome back to this series about using the
GNU debugger (GDB) to print information in a
way that is similar to using print statements
in your code. The first article introduced
you to using GDB for printf-style debugging,
and the second article showed how to save
commands and output. This final article
demonstrates the power of GDB to interact
with C and C++ functions and automate GDB
behavior.
# ⚓ How_Node.js_uses_the_V8_JavaScript_engine_to_run_your
code_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛
Ever wondered how your JavaScript code runs
seamlessly across different platforms? From
your laptop to your smartphone to a server in
the cloud, the Node.js runtime ensures that
your code is executed flawlessly regardless
of the underlying architecture. What’s the
magic that makes that possible? It’s the V8
JavaScript engine.
This article discusses how our team enhanced
V8 to handle certain platform differences,
notably big-endian versus little-endian byte
order.
o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾
# ⚓ A_deep_dive_into_Raspberry_Pi_Zero_2_W’s_power
consumption⠀⇛
When I completed my review of Raspberry Pi Zero 2
W, I mentioned I would test the power consumption
of the board later. It took a while, but I’ve
finally come around it using Otii Arc from Qoitech
and Otii software to provide some pretty power
consumption charts, and even energy consumption.
Since the Raspberry Pi Foundation recommends a 5V/
2.5A power supply, I’ll first try to get as close
as possible as 2.5A, then I’ll go through tricks to
reduce idle power consumption to less than 75 mA /
375 mW, and finally check the energy consumption
under various CPU core count and frequency.
I started with the latest Raspberry Pi OS Lite
“BullEyes” image and connected my Raspberry Pi Zero
2 W board to Qoitech Otii Arc tools as shown below.
It used to cost around $500, but now pricing starts
at $699, and it’s a great tool for people
developing battery-powered devices, and I admit
it’s a bit over the top, but the purpose of this
post, but it still does the job.
# ⚓ Jolla:_Congrats_UK,_we’re_back!⠀⇛
Last month, as part of our 10-year celebrations, we
announced that we’re working to expand the Sailfish
X availability to include new countries in addition
to the current EU, Norway, and Switzerland.
Now we have great news for you: we have re-opened
Sailfish X sales in the UK!
The UK has always been a stronghold for Sailfish
OS. This started already in the early days when
many Brits decided to purchase the Jolla phone and
start their Sailfish OS journey. Over the years,
our developer community and fan base has grown in
the UK, and many of our employees (aka sailors) are
also from this great island nation.
All this in mind, we were disappointed when we had
to leave the UK for a while (Brexit), but now we
are thrilled to start again!
# § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾
# ⚓ Chrome_now_supports_Android_12_scrolling_screenshots
–_9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ TickTock:_The_rugged_outdoor_Android_smartphone_with
5G_can_now_be_pre-ordered_on_Kickstarter_for_US$279_–
NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛
# ⚓ Nokia_Suzume_with_Exynos_7884B,_Android_12_spotted_at
Geekbench_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_12_rollout_for_Galaxy_Z_Fold_3/Flip_3_may_be
paused_–_9to5Google⠀⇛
# ⚓ Galaxy_S21_gets_its_third_Android_12_update,_now_with
December_security_patch_–_SamMobile⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_Automotive_12_includes_UI_improvements_and_no
32-bit_support⠀⇛
# ⚓ OnePlus_9,_OnePlus_9_Pro’s_Android_12-Based_OxygenOS
12_Update_Buggy,_Faces_Backlash_|_Technology_News⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_12_fixes_Material_You_glitches_when
previewing_widgets⠀⇛
# ⚓ VBox_Adds_New_Capabilities_to_Its_ATSC_3.0_Android_TV
Gateway_|_TV_Tech⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_to_Install_an_APK_on_an_Android_TV⠀⇛
# ⚓ Today’s_best_Android_app_deals:_Green_Project,
Meteogram_Pro_Weather_Widget,_more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛
# ⚓ Top_10_Best_Material_You_Android_Apps_–_2021⠀⇛
# ⚓ A_long-awaited_Android_privacy_feature_is_coming_soon
to_Chromebooks⠀⇛
# ⚓ Android_malware_infected_more_than_300,000_devices
with_banking_trojans_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛
# ⚓ Wallpaper_Wednesday:_Android_wallpapers_2021-12-08_–
Android_Authority⠀⇛
o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾
# ⚓ 13_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Build_Systems⠀⇛
Build automation is the process of automating the
creation of a software build and the associated
processes including: compiling computer source code
into binary code, packaging binary code, and
running automated tests.
This type of software takes as input the
interdependencies of files (typically source code
and output executables) and orchestrates building
them, quickly.
In the beginning, Make was the only build
automation tool available beyond home-grown
solutions. Make has been around since 1976. Make
remains widely used, especially in Unix and Unix-
like operating systems. But there are lots of other
high quality build systems
Here’s our recommendations captured in a legendary
LinuxLinks chart.
# § Web Browsers⠀➾
# § Mozilla/Web⠀➾
# ⚓ litehtml_compiled_in_OpenEmbedded⠀⇛
Have received feedback that Balsa email
client does not work in EasyOS 3.1.13.
It’s email filtering is pretty weak
anyway, so reckon that I will go over
to Claws Mail.
Claws Mail is optionally able to view
HTML emails by the ‘litehtml’ library.
Very interesting, the developer of
litehtml also has a little browser,
named ‘litebrowser’…
# ⚓ Kristen_Trubey,_Mozilla’s_New_Chief_People
Officer⠀⇛
I am pleased to share that Kristen
Trubey has joined Mozilla as our Chief
People Officer. Kristen initially came
to Mozilla in August in an interim
capacity but she quickly settled in and
made an immediate impact. Her
expertise, experience and focus to
create connections between company
culture, employee experience, and
business results proved to be exactly
the kind of leadership we were looking
for to lead our people teams.
As Chief People Officer, Kristen will
be responsible for all areas of HR and
Organizational Development at Mozilla
Corporation with an overall focus on
ensuring we’re building and growing a
resilient, high impact global
organization to support Mozilla’s next
chapter.
# ⚓ New_Release:_Tor_Browser_11.0.2⠀⇛
Tor Browser 11.0.2 is now available
from the Tor Browser download page and
also from our distribution directory
This version updates Firefox on
Windows, macOS, and Linux to 91.4.0esr.
This version includes important
security updates to Firefox.
# § FSF⠀➾
# § Licensing/Legal⠀➾
# ⚓ Principles_for_License_Enforcement_published⠀⇛
# § Public Services/Government⠀➾
# ⚓ The_European_Commission_Will_Make_its_Software
Solutions_Open_Source_for_Public_Benefit_–_It’s_FOSS
News⠀⇛
The EU Commission is known for its strong
take on privacy and open-source. A year ago,
they asked their staff to use Signal for
messaging instead of WhatsApp.
Now, they plan to make their software
solutions publicly accessible for the benefit
of society. In other words, anything that the
EU uses for its internal work will be made
open-source.
Public Money, Public Code
Considering that the taxpayers pay for the
operations and fund the software, the code
should also be available to the public.
* § Leftovers⠀➾
o ⚓ What_We_Can_Learn_From_Sports_Fandom’s_Moral_Drift⠀⇛
If you think that the true focus of the recent World
Series was what the Houston Astros and Atlanta Braves
were doing on the field, you were either living in Texas
or Georgia or on some billionaire’s space station. In the
world that lies somewhere between rabid fandom and total
baseball disinterest, the fall classic actually proved to
be a contest pitting the cheaters against the racists
with a disturbing outcome that might be summed up this
way: To the spoiled belongs the victory.
o ⚓ Elizabeth_Hardwick’s_Life_of_the_Mind⠀⇛
“Until someone has the temerity to write a biography of
Elizabeth Hardwick,” Hilton Als remarked in 1998, “we
will have to rely on her work for its powerful evocation
of the life of her mind, and on hearsay from friends and
acquaintances for the details of the life itself.” That
someone is Cathy Curtis, whose biography of Hardwick, A
Splendid Intelligence, is the first comprehensive
portrait of the writer, critic, professor, and cofounder
of The New York Review of Books, from her working-class
origins in Kentucky to an insider of “New York’s cultural
A-list” until her death in 2007, at the age of 91.
o ⚓ EFF,_Partners_Launch_New_Edition_of_Santa_Clara_Principles,
Adding_Standards_Aimed_at_Governments_and_Expanding_Appeal
Guidelines⠀⇛
o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾
# ⚓ The_Non-Winter_of_Our_Discontent⠀⇛
Montana’s hunting season just went by without a
shred of snow on the ground. As hunters can tell
you, it’s mighty handy to be able to track deer and
elk in the snow if you’re trying to fill the
freezer for your family. Likewise, without heavy
snows to push them down to lower elevations, the
elk in our mountains stay up high and well away
from the roads and hunters. As a consequence, many
of those family freezers will not see their normal
yearly harvest.
What will appear, however, is Omicron, the latest
variant of the extremely persistent COVID-19
pandemic. Whatever progress was made against the
virus once Trump got booted out of office is now at
stake as, once again, the travel and social
shutdowns begin — and with them the inevitable
negative economic impacts.
# ⚓ Omicron_and_the_Travel_Ban_Itch⠀⇛
History’s record of humanity’s response to plagues,
pandemics and disease is one of isolation,
marginalisation, and exclusion. The infected shall
be kept away and sealed off from the healthy and
wealthy. This, inevitably, results in partiality,
prejudice and distinctions. Omicron, having been
pumped with the prestige of a potential COVID super
variant, has given dozens of countries grounds to
stop travel, halt movement and stem flights. As
always, these measures have been applied unevenly
and hypocritically.
First reported by South Africa, the country now has
the distinction of being, along with a range of
other Southern African countries, pariahs in terms
of international travel. Little wonder that
individuals such as the Chair of the South African
Medical Association, Dr. Angelique Coetzee are
alarmed at what was essentially a replay of the
initial global response to COVID-19.
# ⚓ The_Origins_of_Covid-19:_What_Were_the_Final_Steps?⠀⇛
Instead, the main controversy has been how the
pandemic virus originated. While this debate has
been exceptionally rancorous, what is not generally
recognized is how much agreement there is among the
adversaries. Nearly everyone agrees that the virus,
SARS-CoV2, is derived from a type of coronavirus
that is endemic to, and tolerated by, bats, and
that it emerged after a few genetic changes in the
city of Wuhan, in the Huwei province of China.
Those changes made the virus particularly well
suited to attaching to human cells that line the
respiratory tract and blood vessels, and
particularly pathogenic in some vulnerable
subpopulations – the old, the obese, the diabetic.
It is also unpredictably fatal in some individuals
with no obvious predispositions. But these random
strikes are rare, leaving ample opportunity for
people to live in fear, or alternatively, to
disdain those who do, depending on temperamental
proclivities that under the current situation
inevitably align with political allegiance.
o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾
# § Proprietary⠀➾
# § Security⠀➾
# ⚓ Missouri_Governor_Still_Lying_About_Reporters
Who_Uncovered_Ridiculous_Bad_State_Computer
Security;_Still_Insists_They_Were_Hackers⠀⇛
Missouri Governor Mike Parson is
nothing if not committed to shamelessly
lying. As you’ll recall, after
journalists from the St. Louis Post-
Dispatch ethically informed the state
that the Department of Elementary and
Secondary Education (DESE) website
included a flaw that revealed the
social security numbers of over 600,000
state teachers and school
administrators, Parson responded by
calling the reporters hackers and
vowing to prosecute them. Again, the
DESE system displayed this information
directly in the HTML, available for
anyone to see if they knew where to
look. That’s not hacking. That’s
incompetent computer security.
# ⚓ Canada_Charges_Its_“Most_Prolific
Cybercriminal”⠀⇛
A 31-year-old Canadian man has been
arrested and charged with fraud in
connection with numerous ransomware
attacks against businesses, government
agencies and private citizens
throughout Canada and the United
States. Canadian authorities describe
him as “the most prolific cybercriminal
we’ve identified in Canada,” but so far
they’ve released few other details
about the investigation or the
defendant. Helpfully, an email address
and nickname apparently connected to
the accused offer some additional
clues.
# ⚓ Microsoft_error_could_open_the_door_to_the_most
damaging_phishing_scam_to_date⠀⇛
A DS_STORE file was left open on a
Microsoft-owned web server
# § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾
# ⚓ Life360_Scandal_Once_Again_Shows_Nobody
In_The_U.S._Actually_Wants_To_Fix_Our
Rampant_Privacy_Problems⠀⇛
For several years now a steady
parade of scandals have showcased
how the collection and sale of
consumer location data (to
governments and data brokers
alike) is a hugely unaccountable
mess with few if any guardrails.
And every week or so a new
scandal emerges making that point
abundantly clear. This week it’s
the unsurprising revelation that
“security” and “family safety”
app Life360, which lets parents
track the location of their kids,
has been selling access to this
data to data brokers for years:
# ⚓ Apple_Notifies_More_Victims_Of_NSO
Malware_Hacking_Attempts⠀⇛
Apple’s announcement that it was
suing Israeli malware purveyor
NSO Group for targeting iPhone
users was coupled with another,
equally dismaying (I mean, for
NSO…) announcement: it would be
informing targets of malware
anytime it detected a suspected
intrusion.
# ⚓ Controversial_Facial_Recognition_Company
Calls_Out_Clearview,_Demands_It_Ditch_Its
Database_Of_10_Billion_Scraped_Images⠀⇛
Clearview has burned its bridges
inside the facial recognition
tech industry. Despite it being
largely morally malleable, the
industry as a whole appears to
have cut ties with CEO Hoan Ton-
That’s startup, which relies on
more than 10 billion images
scraped from the web to generate
a database for its customers to
match faces with.
o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Should_Parents_Be_Held_Responsible_for_Their
Children’s_Unspeakable_Gun_Violence?⠀⇛
When Ethan Crumbley, a troubled 15 year old, shot
and killed four students at Oxford High School, in
Oxford, Michigan, he was charged with terrorism and
murder. The prosecutor, Karen McDonald, also
indicted Crumbley’s parents for involuntary
manslaughter, arguing that they should have known
their son was a danger to his school and should
have revealed that he had access to a handgun that
was their early Christmas gift to him.
# ⚓ Mark_Meadows_Expected_to_Join_Other_Trumpists_Charged_With
Contempt_of_Congress⠀⇛
# ⚓ ‘Reckless_Misuse_of_Resources’:_House_Approves_$778_Billion
Military_Budget⠀⇛
In bipartisan fashion, the U.S. House of
Representatives late Tuesday passed a sprawling
military policy bill that contains nearly twice as
much funding on an annual basis as Democrats’
flagship social spending and climate bill.
That reality led Stephen Miles, executive director
of Win Without War, to slam the $778 billion
National Defense Authorization Act as “a reckless
misuse of resources, a windfall for war profiteers,
and proof positive that most in Congress have
little concern for the actual security of people in
the United States or around the world.”
# ⚓ House_Passes_$778_Billion_Military_Bill_as_Other_Priorities
Stall⠀⇛
# ⚓ How_Congress_Loots_the_Treasury_for_the_Military-
Industrial-Congressional_Complex⠀⇛
The U.S. military’s incredible record of systematic
failure—most recently its final trouncing by the
Taliban after twenty years of death, destruction
and lies in Afghanistan—cries out for a top-to-
bottom review of its dominant role in U.S. foreign
policy and a radical reassessment of its proper
place in Congress’s budget priorities.
Instead, year after year, members of Congress hand
over the largest share of our nation’s resources to
this corrupt institution, with minimal scrutiny and
no apparent fear of accountability when it comes to
their own reelection. Members of Congress still see
it as a “safe” political call to carelessly whip
out their rubber-stamps and vote for however many
hundreds of billions in funding Pentagon and arms
industry lobbyists have persuaded the Armed
Services Committees they should cough up.
# ⚓ The_United_States_Can_Solve_the_Ukraine_Crisis⠀⇛
If the United States could find a way to
acknowledge this betrayal and to concede that
additional membership for Ukraine and Georgia would
threaten Russia’s geopolitical universe, it would
be possible to pursue a compromise to the current
crisis. Russian President Vladimir Putin reasonably
wants guarantees that NATO must halt its eastward
expansion and not deploy certain weapons systems on
its borders. In return, the United States should
insist on the return to the Minsk II agreement in
2015 that was designed to ensure a bilateral
ceasefire, to create security zones on the border
between Ukraine and Russia, and to decentralize
political power in eastern Ukraine (the Donetsk and
Luhansk Regions). Russia would be required to
withdraw all foreign mercenaries from the regions.
Washington and Moscow were able to create a process
for removing nuclear weapons from Ukraine after the
dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991; they
should be able to find a compromise that recognizes
Ukraine’s sovereignty but limits the Western
military presence on Russia’s borders. Arms
control negotiations opened the door to Soviet-
American detente in the 1980s. A compromise on
Ukraine would allow for improved bilateral
relations in key areas between the United States
and Russia.
# ⚓ There’s_a_Nonsensical_Propaganda_Campaign_to_Make_China
Look_Bad_in_Uganda⠀⇛
The article in the Daily Monitor, which was written
by Yasiin Mugerwa, said that the Chinese
authorities were going to take control of the
airport because of the failure of Uganda to pay off
the loan. A few days after the Daily Monitor
article, U.S. media company Bloomberg also ran a
similar article on November 28 without providing
any further details on this news development, as
did other U.S. and international outlets. The story
by the Daily Monitor, meanwhile, went viral on
Twitter, WhatsApp, and beyond.
The story is not new. On October 28, the Ugandan
Parliament Committee on Commissions, Statutory
Authority and State Enterprises (COSASE) held a
hearing on the loan with the Minister of Finance
Matia Kasaija (member of parliament [MP] for
Buyanja County) in attendance, according to NTV
Uganda. Several members of parliament grilled
Kasaija about the loan, with Nathan Itungo (MP from
Kashari South) asking him if he and his department
had been “doing due diligence” within the
negotiating framework. Answering this question,
Kasaija said, “I think we did, by looking at other
agreements that have been signed along the same
lines.” While explaining why the government went
ahead with the loan agreement for the Entebbe
International Airport, the finance minister said of
the agreement that Uganda was looking at the
“cheapest alternative, and we jumped on it.”
# ⚓ Is_There_Rule_of_Law_in_Iraq?⠀⇛
Human rights advocates in Iraq use these
descriptions all the time when we refer to the men
with guns behind the killings, abductions, and
torture of protesters, activists, journalists, and
communities seen to have been close to ISIS in
Iraq.
In recent days we have seen these men go further
than ever before, including a brazen effort on
November 7 to assassinate Iraqi Prime Minister
Mustafa al-Kadhimi in his home, using three armed
drones.
o § Environment⠀➾
# ⚓ Revealed:_US_Public_Pension_Funds_Are_‘Quiet_Culprits_of
Climate_Chaos’⠀⇛
As banks, insurance companies, and institutional
investors face mounting criticism worldwide for
their contributions to the destruction of the
planet, a report published Wednesday exposes how
U.S. public pension funds are “bankrolling the
climate crisis.”
“With 10 years of data, there’s hard evidence:
Divestment is a winning financial strategy.”
# ⚓ Opinion_|_What_Can_Individual_Bank_Customers_Do_for_Climate
Justice?_Unite.⠀⇛
For years now, climate activists have been
campaigning hard on U.S. banks. They have shut down
bank branches, disrupted Wall Street CEOs public
speaking events, organized shareholder revolts and
swamped bank executives with thousands of phone
calls and millions of emails, demanding that they
stop funding fossil fuels. But there is one major
block of power that climate activists have yet to
activate: bank customers.
# ⚓ The_US_Biofuels_Mandate_Helps_Farmers,_But_Does_Little_for
Energy_Security_and_Harms_the_Environment⠀⇛
With the recent rise in pump prices, biofuel
lobbies are pressing to boost that target to 15% or
more. At the same time, some policymakers are
calling for reforms. For example, a bipartisan
group of U.S. senators has introduced a bill that
would eliminate the corn ethanol portion of the
mandate.
Enacted in the wake of the attacks of Sept. 11,
2001, the RFS promised to enhance energy security,
cut carbon dioxide emissions and boost income for
rural America. The program has certainly raised
profits for portions of the agricultural industry,
but in my view it has failed to fulfill its other
promises. Indeed, studies by some scientists,
including me, find that biofuel use has increased
rather than decreased CO2 emissions to date.
# § Energy⠀➾
# ⚓ ‘Alarming’:_ALEC’s_New_Model_Bill_Would_Penalize
Banks_for_Divesting_From_Fossil_Fuels⠀⇛
Progressives are sounding the alarm about a
recently launched right-wing campaign that
seeks to preempt green investment policies
throughout the United States by portraying
the financial sector’s potential turn toward
clean energy as discriminatory—and
introducing legislation that would punish
banks and asset managers for divesting from
fossil fuels.
“This bill cannot stop the reality that
continued investments in fossil fuels are bad
for communities and the planet.”
# ⚓ ‘Like_a_Teenager_Promising_to_Clean_Their_Room_in_30
Years’:_Biden_Net-Zero_Climate_Goal_for_2050
Ridiculed⠀⇛
Progressive climate campaigners on Wednesday
overwhelmingly called U.S. President Joe
Biden’s plan for the federal government to
achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 an
inadequate attempt to address the worsening
climate emergency.
“Biden cannot make an announcement like this
and also reopen oil and gas leasing, nor
approve more oil and gas permits on federal
lands. That’s taking one step forward and two
steps back.”
# ⚓ UK’s_Tax_Breaks_for_Oil_and_Gas_‘Unlawful’_and_Harm
Climate_Action,_Court_Hears⠀⇛
The strategy being pursued by the UK
government’s oil and gas regulator and
business secretary is “unlawful” because it
fails to regulate tax breaks for oil and gas
companies, a court has been told.
The hearing today at the Royal Court of
Justice in London also heard that the latest
Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) strategy, which
came into force in February, is not
consistent with the government’s legal
commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions to
net zero by 2050.
# § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾
# ⚓ Are_Wildlife_Identification_Apps_Good_for
Conservation?⠀⇛
# ⚓ Compassion_Is_Not_a_Crime:_Animal_Rights_Activist
Avoids_Jail_After_Conviction_for_Baby_Goat_Rescue⠀⇛
Animal rights activist Wayne Hsiung has been
convicted on felony charges of burglary and
larceny for removing a sick baby goat from a
goat meat farm in North Carolina in 2018.
Hsiung is the co-founder of the animal rights
organization Direct Action Everywhere. He was
given a suspended sentence and 24 months
probation. He describes how the prosecutor in
the case hugged him at the end of the trial
and says the case revolves around a simple
question: “Are the living creatures of this
Earth property or are they living creatures
that deserve some form of dignity and
respect?”
o § Finance⠀➾
# ⚓ When_You’re_a_Billionaire,_Your_Hobbies_Can_Slash_Your_Tax
Bill⠀⇛
When the Kentucky Derby allowed spectators to
return this spring, after the pandemic had
curtailed attendance in 2020, the mood was
euphoric. Under cloudless skies, ladies swanned
about in colorful broad-brimmed hats and gentlemen
donned seersucker suits, the trademark pageantry of
the sport of kings.
The sport’s royalty, including the billionaire
owners of thoroughbreds, was well represented.
Basking in the glory of their racehorses’
appearance on the most prestigious stage in the
world, they knew all but one of them would see
their colt or filly suffer defeat. A victory would
bring not only a seven-figure purse, but possibly
also tens of millions of dollars in breeding rights
over years to come.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Socialism_Creeps_Into_Dilbert’s_Office⠀⇛
To the delight of some and the dismay of others,
the socialist idea continues to slowly, if very
belatedly, make its way throughout the channels of
American culture. Of particular recent note was its
appearance in Dilbert, the daily comic strip send-
up of the foibles of corporate office life. Of
course, since it is the office’s peripatetic do-
nothing Wally who has experienced a socialist
awakening, we get the lazy man’s take on the
subject. Still, the simple fact of “socialism”
making it to the “funny pages” of the nation’s
remaining newspapers—has to qualify as some kind of
news in itself.
# ⚓ Nail-Biter_in_Seattle_as_Recall_of_Socialist_Kshama_Sawant
Remains_Too_Close_to_Call⠀⇛
The outcome of the recall effort targeting
socialist Seattle City Council member Kshama Sawant
was still too close to call early Wednesday, as
supporters pointed to her 2019 electoral win as a
sign she may still have a chance to fend off the
challenge.
“Big business and the right wing want to remove
Kshama because she’s such an effective fighter for
working people.”
# ⚓ ‘It_Is_Urgent’:_Progressives_Push_for_Bill_to_Expand_and
Improve_Social_Security⠀⇛
House Democrats and outside groups this week are
urging the U.S. Congress to quickly take up
legislation that would strengthen Social Security.
“There is a fierce urgency of now to vote on Social
Security. Seniors, people with disabilities,
widows, and other beneficiaries cannot wait.”
# ⚓ Biden_Should_Cancel_Student_Debt_or_Watch_$85_Billion
Evaporate_From_US_Economy:_Analysis⠀⇛
With a suspension of student loan payments
scheduled to end early next year, three
congressional Democrats on Wednesday cited a new
economic analysis as they urged President Joe Biden
to immediately cancel $50,000 in student loan debt
per borrower.
“The cancellation of up to $50,000 of student debt
would relieve an enormous burden from borrowers
while pumping billions of dollars per year back
into our national economy.”
# ⚓ Warren_Slams_Hertz_for_Raising_Prices_147_Percent_While
Pursuing_$2B_in_Buybacks⠀⇛
# ⚓ As_Columbia’s_Endowment_Grows_to_$14_Billion,_Student
Workers_Demand_Living_Wage⠀⇛
# ⚓ Report_Showcases_How_Elon_Musk_Undermined_His_Own_Engineers
And_Endangered_Public_Safety⠀⇛
For a long time now, it’s been fairly clear that
consumer safety was an afterthought for some of the
more well known companies developing self-driving
technology. That was made particularly clear a few
years back with Uber’s fatality in Tempe, Arizona,
which revealed that the company really hadn’t
thought much at all about public safety. The car
involved in the now notorious fatality wasn’t even
programmed to detect jaywalkers, and there was
little or no structure at Uber to meaningfully deal
with public safety issues. The race to the pot of
innovation gold was all consuming, and all other
considerations (including human lives) were
afterthoughts.
# ⚓ Top_Democrat_Says_US_Tax_Havens_‘A_Stunning_Indictment’_of
Policy_Failures⠀⇛
During Wednesday’s hearing on the Pandora Papers
and Hidden Wealth, Democratic Rep. Bill Pascrell
condemned the “dangerous” growth of tax shelters in
the United States and insisted that lawmakers must
enact reforms to ensure that the wealthy cannot
avoid paying their fair share in taxes.
“The ultra-wealthy and powerful live under a
different set of rules than everyone else.”
# ⚓ Given_Cover_by_Red-Baiting_GOP,_Corporate_Dems_Rebuked_for
Tanking_Biden_Nominee_for_Top_Bank_Regulator⠀⇛
While a number of Democratic senators joined the
White House is decrying the “red scare McCarthyism”
that Republicans lobbed at President Joe Biden’s
nominee for a top bank regulatory position,
progressives on Wednesday argued that the GOP’s
attacks on Saule Omarova simply gave cover to
corporate Democrats who also objected to the
nomination.
Omarova on Tuesday withdrew herself from
consideration to lead the Office of the Comptroller
of the Currency, which is tasked with regulating
the largest banks in the country, telling the White
House that it was “no longer tenable” for her to
continue in the confirmation process.
o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾
# ⚓ Matt_Gaetz_Says_He’s_Talked_to_Donald_Trump_About_Becoming
Speaker_of_the_House⠀⇛
# ⚓ Marxism,_Anarchism,_and_The_Dawn_of_Everything⠀⇛
They identify the Enlightenment as the source of
many of the ways of thinking with which we are
stuck. They trace how many of the good ideas that
came out of the Enlightenment, particularly about
freedom, were cribbed from Native Americans like
Kandiaronk (a philosopher-statesman from the Wendat
Confederacy, people living around the Great Lakes
under French colonial rule in the late 18th
century). They describe how the conceptualization
of human history as a series of material stages
came about. This conventional narrative starts with
small bands of hunter-gatherers, progresses through
the invention of agriculture, the founding of
cities (where some priest or king tells everybody
else what to do), to your workplace (where your
boss tells you what to do). Other than how it ends
up at socialism, then communism, the Marxist
conception of human history does not differ greatly
from the contemporary conventional narrative. While
such evolutionary accounts of human history are now
commonplace, it is important to keep in mind that
until Darwin and the fossil record came to be
accepted, educated Western thought simply accepted
the biblical story of the creation of the Earth.
The book is so long because Graeber and Wengrow lay
out the case for why this conventional narrative is
simply a just-so story, i.e. wrong. Much of the
evidence marshalled is a recounting of archaeology
that has happened in the last thirty years. Some of
it is Wengrow’s own work. To appreciate it
properly, one has to have a maps program open, so
one can look up just where Göbekli Tepe (Turkey),
Poverty Point (Louisiana), or Taljanky (Ukraine)
are. The archaeological finds already in museums
are reinterpreted, e.g. Minoan Crete as a polity
ruled by women. Societies dependent on hunting and
gathering are shown to have been organized on
regional scales. Cities are shown to have been
organized without the central authority of priests
or kings. In the end, The Dawn of Everything
demonstrates that humans have been less tolerant of
bosses and more creative in how they come together
in societies than we usually give them credit for.
# ⚓ Elections:_Is_There_Light_at_the_End_of_the_“Big_Lie”
Tunnel?⠀⇛
There’s nothing new about claims that an election
was stolen, or is about to be. The phenomenon
stretches back into the 19th century — most
famously the 1876 presidential election, which was
arguably stolen from Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on
behalf of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes.
Of the six presidential elections since 2000, at
least four have generated loud claims of fraud.
Democrats complained of judicial skulduggery in
Florida in 2000 and voting machine rigging in 2004.
In 2016, Democrats asserted “Russian meddling” to
explain Hillary Clinton’s loss to Donald Trump,
while Trump (and Republican supporters) insisted in
both 2016 and 2020 that he could only lose (and
lost) if the election was “rigged.”
# ⚓ Senate_Rejects_Sanders’s_Resolution_to_Block_$650M_Weapons
Sale_to_Saudi_Arabia⠀⇛
# ⚓ Why_I_Oppose_the_Saudi_Weapons_Deal⠀⇛
Thank you, M. President. Let me begin by thanking
my colleagues Senator Paul and Senator Lee for
their years of work reclaiming Congress’s
Constitutional war powers. The understanding that
it is Congress that has the Constitutional
responsibility to authorize war, not the president,
should transcend partisan disagreements.
On November 18th, we introduced a Congressional
resolution of disapproval to block the sale of 280
air-to-air missiles, 596 missile launchers, and
other weapons and support – totaling some $650
million – to Saudi Arabia. And that is what we will
be voting on in a few moments.
# ⚓ Critics_Warn_Biden_‘Summit_for_Democracy’_Will_Highlight
Democrats’_Failures_at_Home⠀⇛
Leading up to U.S. President Joe Biden’s so-called
Summit for Democracy this week, critics suggested
Wednesday that the two-day virtual event will show
how the American leader and congressional Democrats
have failed to address relevant issues at home
while pointing fingers abroad.
“While the notion of advancing democracy around the
world is noble, America’s democracy is in a state
of emergency and demands our attention and focus
just as urgently.”
# ⚓ Ayanna_Pressley_Introduces_Resolution_to_Remove_Lauren
Boebert_From_Committees⠀⇛
# ⚓ Pressley_Leads_Resolution_Targeting_Boebert’s_Islamophobia
as_Hill_Staffers_Fear_‘Incendiary_Rhetoric’⠀⇛
With Rep. Ilhan Omar reportedly facing mounting
death threats following racist comments from Rep.
Lauren Boebert comparing Omar to a terrorist,
progressive lawmakers on Wednesday signaled that
they were losing patience with the Democratic
leadership’s failure to hold the right-wing
lawmaker accountable, as Rep. Ayanna Pressley
announced a resolution calling for Boebert to be
stripped of her committee assignments.
Pressley (D-Mass.) was joined by nearly a dozen co-
sponsors in introducing the resolution, including
Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.), Cori Bush
(D-Mo.), Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), and Rashida
Tlaib (D-Mich.), all of whom have demanded House
leaders take decisive action to make clear that
racist attacks on lawmakers won’t be tolerated in
the House.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Will_Democracy_Summit_Address_US_Role_in
Supporting_Authoritarianism?⠀⇛
The Biden administration’s upcoming Summit of
Democracy sets out a noble goal: bringing together
democratic governments to defend against
authoritarianism, address and fight corruption, and
promote respect for human rights. Coming after
President Trump spent four years overtly courting
authoritarians and undermining America’s democratic
institutions—culminating in a riot targeting the
peaceful transfer of power—President Biden clearly
hopes that the Summit can restore American
leadership and start to buck the trend of illiberal
and oligarchic authoritarianism that has spread
across the globe and found roots in the Republican
Party.
# ⚓ As_Putin_Asserts_Russia’s_Right_to_Defend_Against_NATO,_US
Urged_to_Avoid_‘New_Cold_War’⠀⇛
As Russian President Vladimir Putin responded
Wednesday to NATO provocations along his nation’s
western frontier by warning that his country
reserves the right to defend itself, peace
advocates stressed the need for U.S. self-awareness
and restraint in order to avoid a “new Cold War.”
“We can see Russia as a partner rather than an
adversary in Eastern Europe.”
o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾
# ⚓ China_Unleashed_Its_Propaganda_Machine_on_Peng_Shuai’s
#MeToo_Accusation._Her_Story_Still_Got_Out.⠀⇛
When inconvenient news erupts on the Chinese
internet, the censors jump into action.
Twenty minutes was all it took to mobilize after
Peng Shuai, the tennis star and one of China’s most
famous athletes, went online and accused Zhang
Gaoli, a former vice premier, of sexual assault.
# ⚓ Content_Moderation_Case_Study:_Twitter_Briefly_Restricts
Account_Of_Writer_Reporting_From_The_West_Bank_(2021)⠀⇛
Summary: In early May 2021, writer and researcher
Mariam Barghouti was reporting from the West Bank
on escalating conflicts between Israeli forces and
Palestinian protestors, and making frequent social
media posts about her experiences and the events
she witnessed. Amidst a series of tweets from the
scene of a protest, shortly after one in which she
stated “I feel like I’m in a war zone,” Barghouti’s
account was temporarily restricted by Twitter. She
was unable to post new tweets, and her bio and
several of her recent tweets were replaced with a
notice stating that the account was “temporarily
unavailable because it violates the Twitter Media
Policy”.
o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾
# ⚓ Assange_Christmas_Card⠀⇛
# ⚓ The_Media_Bias_Wars:_Can’t_We_All_Just_Get_Along?⠀⇛
The Kyle Rittenhouse Saga. What happened? It’s easy
to get lost in the Minotaur’s Maze that the MSM’s
coverage of any important national topic of public
interest turns into these days. But, nevertheless,
here’s a succinct recounting of the shooting of the
29-year-old Jacob Blake, front of his children,
followed by predictable marches and protests by
Black Lives Matter (BLM) supporters, followed by
the Rittenhouse shootings. It should be noted, as
it was in court, that the 17-year-old Rittenhouse
crossed from Illinois into Wisconsin with a gun
because of the protesting he knew to be going on
there. Here’s how the timeline went, according to
ABC News in this brief video recounting:
o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾
# ⚓ Drowning_in_the_Channel_Courtesy_of_the_Tories⠀⇛
Since the start of 2020, more than 30,000 people
have risked their lives making the 21mile/34km
crossing on inflatable dinghies, a miscellany of
small boats, and even kayaks.
On a personal note, while an undergraduate in the
60s at my English university I’d make this crossing
in a small but seaworthy sailboat owned by a fellow
student who was a very experienced sailor. The
Channel was a chock-a-block sea route even then,
and keeping an eye on large ships required constant
vigilance. An ocean-going ship could never
manoeuvre in time to avoid a small boat, so the
onus was entirely on the small vessel to take
evasive action.
# ⚓ The_Charges_Against_Ethan_Crumbley’s_Parents⠀⇛
On the 6th of January 2001, two Presa Canarios got
loose in a hallway of a San Francisco highrise
apartment building. The dogs, owned by Cornfed
Schneider of the Aryan Brotherhood prison gang, had
been abused and were known to be extremely
aggressive. On that January day, they attacked
another resident of the building. Diane Whipple
died from 77 bite wounds.
Lawyers Robert Noel and Marjorie Knoller were
keeping the dogs for Schneider. Knoller, who lost
control of them, was convicted of second-degree
murder. The jury agreed with the prosecutors, who
described the dogs as ticking time bombs and said
Knoller’s conduct transcended negligence and rose
to the level of implied malice. The second-chair
prosecutor, it might be remembered, was Kimberly
Guilfoyle.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Draconian_UK_Law_Puts_Vulnerable_Asylum_Seekers
at_Risk⠀⇛
Perhaps the most draconian immigration bill in the
United Kingdom’s history is moving swiftly through
parliament, currently in its final days of scrutiny
in the Commons. The Nationality and Borders Bill
seeks to dismantle core tenets of the international
refugee regime, one which the UK helped establish.
It would see vulnerable Afghans and other asylum
seekers being criminalized and imprisoned for up to
four years; pushed back at sea; sent abroad for
offshore asylum processing, and afforded lesser
rights as refugees simply for exercising their
basic right to seek asylum in the UK.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_The_American_Psychological_Association_Still_Owes
Guantanamo’s_Victims_an_Apology⠀⇛
Next month will mark the 20th anniversary of the
opening of the U.S. detention center at Guantanamo
Bay, Cuba. In the years since January 11, 2002,
nearly 800 “detainees”—few with any meaningful
connections to international terrorism—have been
imprisoned there, where they have been subjected to
abuse and, in some cases, torture. From the outset,
members of my own profession—psychologists—played
key roles in operations at Guantanamo, CIA “black
sites,” and other overseas detention facilities.
Their involvement included designing and
implementing inhumane conditions of confinement and
brutal techniques of interrogation.
# ⚓ Students_in_Arizona_Launch_Hunger_Strike_to_Pass_Freedom_to
Vote_Act⠀⇛
# ⚓ California_to_Become_Abortion_Sanctuary_If_Supreme_Court
Upends_Roe_Protections⠀⇛
# ⚓ Abortion_is_a_Class_Issue⠀⇛
Was it not moralism that drove Manifest Destiny and
the genocide of Native Americans? Is it not
moralism that the American Empire runs on, as each
year there appears to be another crisis of
democracy that only America can solve by murdering
civilians? Is it not moralism that drives mass
incarceration, as a barbaric abuse of human beings
mostly without a trial becomes the evidence of a
civilized society?
In a land of freedom what really drives America is
the ability to restrict the freedom of others. This
wholly negative conception of freedom indeed drives
America’s adoration of the rich and famous where
people are admired for putting their boots on the
neck of others. For America, this is what freedom
looks like and we do not question this definition
but hope that somehow we could achieve it ourselves
even as the odds become more stacked against us.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_What_It’s_Like_to_Live_In_a_Country_With
Restricted_Abortion_Rights⠀⇛
# ⚓ Democrats_Are_Running_Out_of_Time_to_Pass_Voting_Rights
Legislation⠀⇛
# ⚓ ‘S.O.S.!’:_Groups_in_Red_States_Nationwide_Plead_With
Democrats_to_Pass_Voting_Rights_Bill⠀⇛
A coalition of more than 75 progressive advocacy
groups based in Republican-led states sent a letter
Wednesday imploring Democrats in the U.S. Senate to
“do whatever it takes” to quickly pass the Freedom
to Vote Act, a compromise bill that would help
counter the GOP’s nationwide assault on the
franchise.
“In many of our states, our ability to participate
in our democracy is under attack by Republican-led
legislatures and Republican governors,” reads the
new letter to Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer
(D-N.Y.). “These legislators went to work almost
immediately after the 2020 election to pass extreme
voter suppression laws, and many are now in the
midst of drawing highly gerrymandered congressional
maps to undermine the political power of hundreds
of thousands of people who live in our respective
states.”
# ⚓ ‘They_Are_Taking_Aim_at_Our_Fundamental_American_Right_to
Protest’⠀⇛
The December 3, 2021, episode of CounterSpin
included an archival interview with the ACLU’s Vera
Eidelman about anti-protest laws. Janine Jackson
originally interviewed Eidelman for the July 2,
2021, show. This is a lightly edited transcript.
# ⚓ Opinion_|_Indian_Farmers_Score_Major_Victory_After_Year-
Long_Strike⠀⇛
India’s farmers have mobilized to create one of the
world’s most vibrant protests in history, camping
on the outskirts of New Delhi for an entire year.
# ⚓ Striking_Columbia_Student_Workers_Demand_Living_Wage_as
School’s_Endowment_Grows_to_$14_Billion⠀⇛
In the largest strike happening right now in the
United States, 3,000 student workers at New York
City’s Columbia University are on their fifth week
of strike. Today the student workers are calling on
others to help them shut down the university.
Striking student worker, Johannah King-Slutzky,
accuses Columbia’s administration of an “illegal
form of retaliation” for threatening to replace the
striking student workers who do not return to work
by Friday. On Monday, many Columbia faculty members
walked out of their classes in a show of
solidarity. “Graduate student labor is the
invisible labor of the university,” says Jack
Halberstam, professor of gender studies and English
at Columbia University. “We’re bankrupting a whole
generation in order to provide more profits for the
university.”
# ⚓ ‘Media_Bears_a_Responsibility’_–_Protesters_Demand_Justice
for_Survivors_amid_Maxwell_Trial⠀⇛
o § Monopolies⠀➾
# ⚓ Microsoft’s_$19.7B_Nuance_buy_hits_a_snag_with_EU_antitrust
probe⠀⇛
Several months after the U.S. Department of Justice
(DOJ) signed off on Microsoft’s plan to acquire the
artificial intelligence software developer Nuance
Communications, its watchdog counterpart across the
pond is taking a closer look at the proposed
buyout.
The European Commission’s competition authority is
quizzing the companies’ clients and competitors
about their views of the transaction, according to
a report from Reuters, which viewed one of the
questionnaires compiled in November.
# ⚓ Microsoft_Office_prices_going_up_20%_for_some_business
clients_unless_they_move_from_monthly_to_annual
subscriptions⠀⇛
# ⚓ Social_media_giants_have_released_their_Compliance_Reports
for_the_month_of_September._We’ve_analysed_them.⠀⇛
Google (including YouTube), Facebook, Instagram,
WhatsApp, and Twitter have released their reports
in compliance with Rule 4(1)(d) of the Information
Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and
Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 for the
month of September. The reports continue to suffer
from the same deficiencies – lack of reporting on
government requests, use of misleading metrics, and
lack of transparency on algorithms used for
proactive monitoring. You can read our analysis of
the previous reports here. We have also analysed
the compliance report of ShareChat and transparency
reports of LinkedIn and Snap this time!
[...]
As per its reports (which now has a Meta logo
instead!), Facebook and Instagram adopt the metrics
of (i) ‘content actioned’ which measures the number
of pieces of content (such as posts, photos, videos
or comments) that they take action on for going
against their standards and guidelines, (ii)
proactive rate which refers to the percentage of
‘content actioned’ that they detected proactively
before any user reported for the same. This metric
is problematic because the proactive rate only
gives a percentage of that content on which action
was taken, and excludes all content on Facebook
(which may otherwise be an area of concern) on
which action was not taken. This problem in the
metric becomes a glaring concern in light of the
documents leaked by Frances Haugen which show that
Facebook has boasted of proactive removal of over
90% of identified hate speech in its “transparency
reports” when internal records showed that “as
little as 3-5% of hate” speech was actually
removed. These documents confirm what civil society
organizations have been asserting for years, that
Facebook has been fueling hate speech around the
world because of its failure to moderate content
and its use of algorithms to amplify inflammatory
content.
Be that as may, as per the metrics provided, the
proactive rate for actioning of content for
bullying and harassment still stands at the lowest
at 48.7% which has fallen from last month’s 50.9%.
This figure is particularly low as compared to 8
other issues (including hate speech and violent
content) where the rate is more than 96%. This
means that maximum user complaints were received
under this category, and that Facebook is
consistently failing to curb the menace of bullying
and harassment.
# § Patents⠀➾
# ⚓ $25_Billion_Pentagon_Budget_Boost_Alone_Could_Fund
Enough_Vaccines_for_the_World:_Analysis⠀⇛
The extra $25 billion that the U.S. Congress
is moving to pour into the Pentagon’s
overflowing coffers is the exact sum
researchers say is needed to produce enough
coronavirus vaccines to achieve widespread
global inoculation and end the pandemic,
which is still raging a year after the first
vaccine dose was administered.
“With a $25 billion investment in vaccine
production, we could vaccinate the world and
end the global pandemic.”
# § Copyrights⠀➾
# ⚓ YouTube_Copyright_Transparency_Report_Shows_The
Absurd_Volume_Of_Copyright_Claims_It_Gets⠀⇛
Any cursory look at Techdirt for stories
involving YouTube and copyright issues will
give you a very accurate impression of the
state of all things copyright for the
platform: it’s a complete shitshow. You will
see all kinds of craziness in those posts:
white noise getting hit with a copyright
claim, labels claiming copyright on songs in
the public domain, and all kinds of issues
with automated systems like ContentID causing
chaos. That really is a sample platter rather
than the whole meal, but it’s also worth
noting that YouTube knows this is a problem.
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