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● 09.08.22

Gemini version available ♊︎

● Links 08/09/2022: KDE Gear 22.08.1 and Charmed Kubeflow 1.6

Posted in News Roundup at 12:50 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz

GNU/Linux

=> ↺ Linux Around The World: USA – Michigan – LinuxLinks

• We cover events and user groups that are running in the US state of Michigan. This article forms part of our Linux Around The World series.

Server

=> ↺ Kubernetes Now Within Reach For Mid-Size Companies

• For years, Kubernetes shined in big organizations supporting vast container-based deployments. With the staff to support large DevOps initiatives, enterprises have seen increased scalability, improved fault tolerance and better reliability by using Kubernetes in their container-based strategy. However, it’s not been as easy for smaller companies to hop on the Kubernetes bandwagon.

Audiocasts/Shows

=> ↺ External GPU’s – A Good Solution for Linux Gaming? Everything You’ll Need to Know – Invidious

• Imagine a future where your ultraportable notebook can morph into a gaming machine while docked at your desk. You don’t have to imagine it – it’s possible right now by utilizing an External GPU (eGPU).

=> ↺ Linux Mint 21 “Vanessa” Cinnamon Quick overview #linux #LinuxMint – Invidious

=> ↺ How to install deepin 20.7 – Invidious

• In this video, I am going to show how to install deepin 20.7

=> ↺ DEF CON 30. Hacking EFBs. Engine Performance | Pen Test Partners

• At DEF CON 30 this year we demonstrated some vulnerabilities in electronic flight bags and the potential impact on flight safety.

• There’s plenty more detail of EFB security issues here.

• As part of the Aerospace Village at DEF CON 30, we invited people to fly our flight sim under instruction from our own pilots, showing the effect of tampered engine and braking performance data.

=> ↺ SCaLE 19x – Debian, Linux Chix LA, and Jenkins! – Invidious

• LearnLinuxTV was present at the Southern California Linux Expo (SCaLE) this year (courtesy of Linode) and what a fantastic event it was! In the final video regarding the 19th annual SCaLE, you’ll see interviews with representatives from Debian, Linux Chix LA, and Jenkins.

=> ↺ “Hey, DT! Will Linux Die Without Linus Torvalds?” (And Other Questions) – Invidious

=> ↺ BSD Now 471: De-Penguinization

• Ten Things To Do After Installing FreeBSD, BSD for Linux users, r2k22 Hackathon Report on rpki-client, Configuring OpenIKED, De-Penguin Me, and more.

=> ↺ When Not to Use Linux

• Today we will talk about the cases where using Linux may not be the best approach. There are cases to boot up a Windows or Mac computer and not use Linux and we will discuss these.

Kernel Space

=> ↺ Crash recovery for user-space block drivers [LWN.net]

• A new user-space block driver mechanism entered the kernel during the 6.0 merge window. This subsystem, called “ublk”, uses io_uring to communicate with user-space drivers, resulting in some impressive performance numbers. Ublk has a lot of interesting potential, but the current use cases for it are not entirely clear. The recently posted crash-recovery mechanism for ublk makes it clear, though, that those use cases do exist.

• If an in-kernel block driver crashes, it is likely to bring down the entire kernel with it. Putting those drivers into user space can, theoretically, result in a more robust system, since the kernel can now survive a driver crash. With ublk as found in the 6.0 kernel, though, a driver crash will result in the associated devices disappearing and all outstanding I/O requests failing.

=> ↺ Toward a better definition for i_version [LWN.net]

• Filesystems maintain a lot of metadata about the files they hold; most of this metadata is for consumption by user space. Some metadata, though, stays buried within the filesystem and is not visible outside of the kernel. One such piece of metadata is the file version count, known as i_version. Current efforts to change how i_version is managed — and to make it visible to user space — have engendered a debate on what i_version actually means and what its behavior should be.

=> ↺ Ushering out strlcpy() [LWN.net]

• With all of the complex problems that must be solved in the kernel, one might think that copying a string would draw little attention. Even with the hazards that C strings present, simply moving some bytes should not be all that hard. But string-copy functions have been a frequent subject of debate over the years, with different variants being in fashion at times. Now it seems that the BSD-derived strlcpy() function may finally be on its way out of the kernel.

=> ↺ Debian to vote on its firmware path

• Dealing with the non-free firmware that is increasingly needed to install Debian has been a hot topic for the distribution over the past few months. The problem goes back further still, of course, but Steve McIntyre re-raised the issue in April, which resulted in a predictable lengthy discussion thread on the debian-devel mailing list. Now McIntyre has proposed a general resolution (GR) with the intent of resolving how to give users a way to install the distribution on their hardware while trying to avoid trampling on the “100% free” guarantee in the Debian Social Contract. Finding the right balance is going to be tricky as is shown by the multiple GR options that have been proposed in the discussion.

=> ↺ [GSoC] Optimize Erase Function Selection, wrap-up – coreboot

• GSoC 2022 coding period is about to come to an end this week. It has been an enriching 12 weeks of reading old code, designing algorithms and structures, coding, testing, and hanging out over IRC! I’d like to take this opportunity to present my work and details on how it has impacted Flashrom. 🙂

• You can find the complete list of commits I made during GSoC with this gerrit query. Some of the patches aren’t currently merged and are under review. In any case, you are most welcome to join the review (which will likely be very helpful for me).

=> ↺ Bootlin at Linux Plumbers conference 2022 – Bootlin’s blog

• Next week, almost the entire Bootlin team will be at the Embedded Linux Conference Europe in Dublin, see our previous blog post on this topic. We will give four talks at this event, on a variety of Linux kernel and embedded Linux topics.

• During the same week, also in Dublin albeit in a different location, will take place the Linux Plumbers conference. Bootlin engineer Miquèl Raynal will give a talk at Linux Plumbers, as part of the IoTs a 4-Letter Word micro-conference. Miquèl’s talk will discuss Linux IEEE 802.15.4 MLME improvements, as Miquèl has been working for several months on bringing improvements to the 802.15.4 stack in the Linux kernel.

Instructionals/Technical

=> ↺ Common Networking Port Numbers in Linux

• While using a computer or smartphone, we use various hardware ports such as 3.5mm for audio, HDMI, Type-c, etc. which are used to communicate with hardware peripherals.

• Similarly, networking ports serve the same purpose by enabling us to access various networking services on a single computer. So even if you are an IT student or want to start a carrier in networks, ports are considered one of the most basic and foundational terms.

• So through this article, I will walk you through some basics of networking ports, the range of ports, and some of the most common ports to get started with.

=> ↺ 2 ways to Install LibreCAD on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Linux

• With the free CAD software “LibreCAD” you can create precise technical drawings, design plans or sections, and views of components. The 2D vector graphics program offers a variety of tools for drawing points, lines, circles, curves, ellipses, and other geometric shapes from which you can construct your two-dimensional models. If necessary, you can position drawing objects on different layers (layers) or group selected elements.

• The freeware offers numerous, different options to construct even elaborate 2D outlines. Via the selection menu on the left side, you can bring straight lines, arcs, ellipses, function graphs, or simple dots to the virtual drawing board.

• For a better overview, color outlines and vary the line thickness or stroke shape as needed. To save time, it is best to use the various options and the “Modify” category. Useful functions such as “Mirror”, “Scale” or “Rotate” are hidden here.

=> ↺ How to Install XWiki with Nginx Reverse Proxy on Ubuntu – OSNote

• XWiki is an easy, compact, and efficient wiki platform that enables you to tailor the wiki to fit unique requirements. It is implemented in Java & operates on JBoss or Tomcat-based servlet containers. XWiki is an easy and intuitive online frontend that allows you to generate and organize data from every gadget or search engine. WYSIWYG edit, OpenDocument-based file import/export, tagging, version control, sophisticated wiki syntax, comprehensive search capability, and much more are just a few of the tools included. We’ll demonstrate how to set up XWiki on Ubuntu 20.04 throughout this guide.

=> ↺ How to Allow, Block, and Reject USB Drives to Protect Your System from Malicious USB – TREND OCEANS

• It’s necessary to take extra measures to prevent any kind of mishap. For that reason, we usually close the ports and services. In addition, we also implement firewall rules to block connections.

• SELinux or AppArmor have been enforced, but sometimes it is also necessary to block the USB port, which can also be used as a means to inject something malicious into the system.

• For instance, you are in charge of a computer lab, and you are solely responsible for managing the laboratory. There may be thousands of users may be accessing the system for educational and research purposes.

=> ↺ How to Check Tomcat Version on Linux – TecAdmin

• Tomcat installation provides an shell script version.sh for the Linux-based systems and version.bat for Windows systems. This script provides detailed information about the Tomcat version and other details. This quick blog post will help you to find the Tomcat version installed on your system.

=> ↺ Create a Image Hosting Website with Chevereto-Free on Ubuntu 22.04

• Chevereto is a free and open-source image hosting and sharing software that allows you to host your own image hosting server on the web. It is a self-hosted, multipurpose, multi-user, and full-featured image hosting solution that allows you to create responsive image hosting websites. It offers many features, including multiple languages, bulk image importation, social media integration, multiple servers and more.

• In this post, we will show you how to install the Chevereto image hosting solution on Ubuntu 22.04.

=> ↺ How to use chroot on Debian 11 – VITUX

• At times, when we want to experiment with something new, we always prefer to run it on a virtual machine or in a sandbox environment so that it cannot cause any damage to our original machine or its important files. The chroot command allows us to run commands and programs in a safe environment by creating an alternate root directory for them. Therefore, we will be talking about the method of using this command on Debian 11.

=> ↺ Linux pstree Command Tutorial for Beginners (8 Examples)

• Since every process (except the very first one) in a Linux system has a parent, it sometimes makes things easier to understand if all processes are displayed in a tree structure. You’ll be glad to know there exists a command line utility – dubbed pstree – that displays a tree of processes.

• In this tutorial, we will discuss the basics of the pstree command using some easy-to-understand examples. But before we do that, it’s worth mentioning that all examples here have been tested on an Ubuntu 22.04 LTS machine.

Desktop Environments/WMs

K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt

=> ↺ KDE Gear 22.08 Gets First Point Release to Further Improve Your Favorite KDE Apps

• KDE Gear 22.08.1 is here just three weeks after KDE Gear 22.08, which introduced numerous new features and enhancements, to fix various issues and also improve a few of the existing functionality of various KDE apps.

• For example, it updates the Dolphin file manager so that it won’t prompt you with the “User canceled action” dialog when canceling an operation before confirming the action or completing it.

=> ↺ KDE Gear 22.08.1 – KDE Community

• Over 120 individual programs plus dozens of programmer libraries and feature plugins are released simultaneously as part of KDE Gear.

GNOME Desktop/GTK

=> ↺ GTK MPD Client ‘Ymuse’ Adds Album Art & Seek Support

• Last month the client received a notable update in the shape of Ymuse 0.21. This adds support for embedded album artwork, a new seek function, and an official Flatpak build available from Flathub.

• While older versions of the player could display album art saved as an image file named ‘cover’ in the album directory it couldn’t load album artwork embedded in an audio file itself, which is what’s new here. Additionally, the developer has added a new album art image size setting, ideal for fine-tuning a layout that works for you.

Distributions and Operating Systems

SUSE/OpenSUSE

=> ↺ Tumbleweed Ends Continuous Streak, Keeps Rolling

• Snapshot 20220829 broke the streak, but this week continued to fast forward with several snapshots and package updates.

• Before highlighting those snapshots,GNOME 43 might need some love before making it into a Tumbleweed snapshot. Please read the tweet below and chat with the team on https://matrix.to/#/#gnome:opensuse.org if you are interested.

• The @gnome 43 release candidate is packaged up in @openSUSE’s GNOME:Next, which is our unstable branch. The extensions haven’t been tested. Looking for people to test.

Red Hat / IBM

=> ↺ The purpose-driven organization: 6 tips for fostering diversity and inclusion

• We were fortunate to be joined on Red Hat Coffee Hour by Lee Jourdan and Shuchi Sharma for a discussion about diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI). We talked about what it is, why it’s important for modern organizations and how best to incorporate it into your workplace.

=> ↺ Irving Wladawsky-Berger: A Framework for Understanding the Power of Platforms

• Platforms have long played a key role in the IT industry. IBM’s System 360 family of mainframes, announced in 1964, featured a common hardware architecture and operating system. The ecosystem of add-on hardware, software and services that developed around System 360 helped it become the premier platform for commercial computing over the next 25 years.

=> ↺ Changes/KTLSSupportForGnuTLS – Fedora Project Wiki

• Acceleration of GnuTLS with software Kernel TLS (KTLS)

=> ↺ ESG strategy: 3 ways CIOs can play a pivotal role

• Environmental, social, and governance initiatives are increasingly becoming essential for business success. Here’s how IT leaders can help their organizations meet key ESG goals

Debian Family

=> ↺ Thorsten Alteholz: My Debian Activities in August 2022

• This month I accepted 375 and rejected 25 packages. The overall number of packages that got accepted was 386.

• I also had a closer look at the RM-bugs. All in all I addressed about 90 of them and either simply removed the package or added a moreinfo tag. In total I spent 13 hours for this task.

• Anyway, if you want to have your RM-bug processed in a timely manner, please have a look at the removal page and check whether the created dak command is really what you wanted. It would also help if you check the reverse dependencies and write a comment whether they are important or can be ignored or also file a new bug for them. Each removal must have one bug!

Canonical/Ubuntu Family

=> ↺ Linux Mint 21 Review: Still Fresh and Easiest Distro to Try

• Linux Mint 21 arrived on July 31, 2022, with two years of updates after its predecessor Linux Mint 20 Ulyana. Two years is a long time in software. A lot has happened since then. Although Linux Mint 21 Vanessa is based on Ubuntu 22.04 at its core, it’s still different.

• Mint devs diverged away from the certain decisions of Ubuntu for the benefit of its users. In that sense, Linux Mint still “just works” for everyone, for almost all hardware, to this very day.

• In this review article, I will discuss how Linux Mint 21 performed in two bare metal test setups (details below), a benchmark against Ubuntu 22.04 LTS GNOME and some user feedback.

=> ↺ Charmed Kubeflow 1.6 is now available from Canonical | Ubuntu

• Canonical, the publisher of Ubuntu, announces today the release of Charmed Kubeflow 1.6, an end-to-end MLOps platform with optimised complex model training capabilities. Charmed Kubeflow is Canonical’s enterprise-ready distribution of Kubeflow, an open-source machine learning toolkit designed for use with Kubernetes.

• Charmed Kubeflow 1.6 follows the same release cadence as the Kubeflow upstream project. This latest version follows the Kubeflow roadmap and comes with performance enhancements and more advanced model training capabilities.

=> ↺ Canonical adds new data processing and model tracking features to Charmed Kubeflow MLOps platform – SiliconANGLE

• Canonical adds new data processing and model tracking features to Charmed Kubeflow MLOps platform

Devices/Embedded

=> ↺ Radxa CM5 – A Rockchip RK3588S module (somewhat) compatible with Raspberry Pi CM4 – CNX Software

• Radxa has been working on the ROCK 5 Compute Module (aka Radxa CM5) system-on-module compatible with Raspberry Pi CM4, but based on the more powerful Rockchip RK3588S octa-core Cortex-A76/A55 SoC.

• Just like the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4, it comes in a 55 x 40mm form factor, but instead of just two high-density 100-pin board-to-board connectors, the module includes three to cater for the additional I/Os from the Rockchip processor, just like they did for the Radxa CM3 equipped with a Rockchip RK3566 processor.

=> ↺ Fanless rugged controller offers 2.5GbE networking, 5G cellular, 9-36V wide power input – CNX Software

• ARBOR ARES-1980 is a fanless rugged industrial controller powered by an Intel 11th Gen Tiger Lake Core processor with 9-36V wide power input, 2.5GbE, optional 4G/5G cellular and/or WiFi connectivity, and designed for factory automation.

• The embedded computer also comes with two PoE-capable Gigabit Ethernet ports, support for NVMe and SATA storage, eight digital outputs, eight digital inputs, several serial ports compatible with RS232, RS422, and/or RS485, and more.

=> ↺ MontaVista Software Launches MontaVista Linux Carrier Grade eXpress (CGX) 4.0 – EIN Presswire

• MontaVista launches CGX 4.0, based on the Yocto Project 4.0 LTS release and 5.10 LTS kernel, providing commercially supported Linux for all embedded programs.

=> ↺ Android container for Linux devices

• RT-RK, a leading embedded software development house with the background in digital TV, Android TV, and infotainment systems, announced today its novel concept of virtualization enabling Android applications to run on Linux.

Open Hardware/Modding

=> ↺ 10 Best Self-Hosted Apps for Your Raspberry Pi

• This article provides you with the best and most popular applications by categories that you can self-host on your Raspberry Pi device.

• Instead of renting services from a cloud provider, for example, self-hosting involves installing, running, and maintaining the hardware locally and administering the software application. The main advantage is that the user has complete control over their data.

• Nowadays, self-hosting web-facing services and applications is a popular hobby among open-source software enthusiasts. Raspberry Pi is one of the best platforms to accomplish this. But, before we go any further, let us address an important question.

Free, Libre, and Open Source Software

Web Browsers

Mozilla

=> ↺ Hacks.Mozilla.Org: The 100% Markdown Expedition

• In June 2021, we decided to start converting the source code for MDN web docs from HTML into a format that would be easier for us to work with. The goal was to get 100% of our manually-written documentation converted to Markdown, and we really had a mountain of source code to climb for this particular expedition.

• In this post, we’ll describe why we decided to migrate to Markdown, and the steps you can take that will help us on our mission.

SaaS/Back End/Databases

=> ↺ PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL 15 Beta 4 Released!

• The PostgreSQL Global Development Group announces that the fourth beta release of PostgreSQL 15 is now available for download. This release contains previews of all features that will be available when PostgreSQL 15 is made generally available, though some details of the release can change during the beta period.

• You can find information about all of the PostgreSQL 15 features and changes in the release notes:

• https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/release-15.html

• In the spirit of the open source PostgreSQL community, we strongly encourage you to test the new features of PostgreSQL 15 on your systems to help us eliminate bugs or other issues that may exist. While we do not advise you to run PostgreSQL 15 Beta 4 in production environments, we encourage you to find ways to run your typical application workloads against this beta release.

Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra

=> ↺ LibreOffice 7.3.6 Community has been released – The Document Foundation Blog

• LibreOffice 7.3.6 Community, the sixth minor release of the LibreOffice 7.3 family for Windows, macOS (for Apple and Intel silicon) and Linux, targeted at personal productivity users, is available for download from https://www.libreoffice.org/download/. The LibreOffice 7.3 family offers the highest level of compatibility in the office suite market segment, starting with native support for the OpenDocument Format (ODF) – beating proprietary formats in the areas of security and robustness – to superior support for DOCX, XLSX and PPTX files.

Programming/Development

=> ↺ Choosing a CPU – KDAB

• When building an embedded systems product, among your earliest decisions is the choice of hardware. More specifically, on what CPU should you base your design? Today’s system-on-chip processors have a huge array of resources to contribute to your solution: multiple cores and on-board DSPs, graphics engines and display controllers, peripheral support and connectivity interfaces, and more. Because a new hardware platform entails a costly investment in hardware engineering, electrical design, and software development – as well as being the basis for future product spin-offs – it makes sense to consider your hardware selection wisely.

=> ↺ Qt 5.15.6 Opensource released

Python

=> ↺ Python multi-level break and continue [LWN.net]

• A fairly lengthy discussion of whether there should be a way to break out of (or continue) more than one level of nested loops in Python recently took place in the Ideas category of the language’s discussion forum. The idea is attractive, at least in an abstract sense—some other languages support jumping out of multiple loops at once—but it seems unlikely to go anywhere for Python. The barrier to new features is fairly high, for sure, but there is also a need for proponents to provide real-world examples that demonstrate their advantages. That, too, is a difficult bar to clear, as was seen in the discussion.

Leftovers

Pseudo-Open Source

Openwashing

=> ↺ OSI Executive Director to speak at Open Source Summit Europe

=> see http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-budget-for-proprietary-software-monopoly/ ↺ paid by them to push their proprietary agenda

Security

=> ↺ Next-Gen Linux Malware Takes Over Devices With Unique Tool Set

=> ↺ promotes this shallow puff

=> ↺ Cyber Security Headlines: CISA incident reporting, Linux-focused IoT malware, Albania cuts ties over cyberattack

=> ↺ Security updates for Thursday [LWN.net]

• Security updates have been issued by Debian (libgoogle-gson-java), Fedora (autotrace, insight, and open-vm-tools), Oracle (open-vm-tools), Red Hat (open-vm-tools, openvswitch2.13, openvswitch2.15, openvswitch2.16, openvswitch2.17, ovirt-host, and rh-nodejs14-nodejs and rh-nodejs14-nodejs-nodemon), Scientific Linux (open-vm-tools), Slackware (python3), SUSE (clamav, gdk-pixbuf, gpg2, icu, ImageMagick, java-1_8_0-ibm, libyajl, mariadb, udisks2, webkit2gtk3, and yast2-samba-provision), and Ubuntu (dnsmasq).

=> ↺ #PrivacyOfThePeople: The flight is about to take off…. with your luggage and data!

• On August 08, 2022, the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (“CBITC”) under the Ministry of Finance recently notified the Passenger Name Record Information Regulations, 2022 (“Regulations”) under the Customs Act, 1962. As per the Regulations, all registered airlines will have to mandatorily provide details of all international passengers, flying to or from India, to the Customs department. The details to be shared include a total of 19 passenger data points listed under ‘Annexure-II’ of the Regulations, several of which fall under the category of personal data as defined by the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). Such over-broad sharing of personal data and non-personal data, i.e., at scale, raises several privacy concerns, especially given the recent withdrawal of the draft Data Protection Bill (“DPB”), 2021.

Privacy/Surveillance

=> ↺ Why data minimisation matters for safe data transfers and more – Access Now

• Data flows with trust are critical, not only for a free and open internet, but also for realising human rights online. But none of these benefits can be achieved without robust and comprehensive data protection, data security, privacy safeguards, and human rights frameworks that protect people’s information. In the last decade, governments around the world have made progress in protecting personal data – yet remaining gaps are preventing people from being able to fully exercise their data protection and privacy rights.

• When it comes to protecting personal data, the largest outstanding gap relates to data harvesting. This currently underpins the digital economic model, despite the misgivings of many civil society representatives, academics, and regulators about its economical and social benefits or even its legality. Most tech companies and many governments take a “collect it all” approach, which is directly at odds with basic data protection principles such as data minimisation and purpose limitation. To be sustainable, the digital economy requires that public and private organisations alike move from data harvesting to data detoxing; prioritising quality over quantity.

=> ↺ Skeptics of World Bank’s ID4D want more transparency and harm reduction for digital IDs

• Dozens of civil society organizations and individual human rights advocates say digital ID programs “regularly” erode human rights. Signatories to an open letter are urging global organizations including the World Bank to stop activities that promote unsafe digital ID models.

• They say there is “mounting evidence” that harms are not the exception to the rule. “Many” digital ID systems are “arbitrarily de-linked from legal status,” according to the letter.

=> ↺ Facebook Engineers Don’t Know Where They Keep Your Data

• Facebook’s stonewalling has been revealing on its own, providing variations on the same theme: It has amassed so much data on so many billions of people and organized it so confusingly that full transparency is impossible on a technical level. In the March 2022 hearing, Zarashaw and Steven Elia, a software engineering manager, described Facebook as a data-processing apparatus so complex that it defies understanding from within. The hearing amounted to two high-ranking engineers at one of the most powerful and resource-flush engineering outfits in history describing their product as an unknowable machine.

• The special master at times seemed in disbelief, as when he questioned the engineers over whether any documentation existed for a particular Facebook subsystem. “Someone must have a diagram that says this is where this data is stored,” he said, according to the transcript. Zarashaw responded: “We have a somewhat strange engineering culture compared to most where we don’t generate a lot of artifacts during the engineering process. Effectively the code is its own design document often.” He quickly added, “For what it’s worth, this is terrifying to me when I first joined as well.”

Censorship/Free Speech

=> ↺ This Clever Anti-Censorship Tool Lets Russians Read Blocked News | WIRED UK

• Samizdat Online syndicates banned news sites by hosting them on uncensored domains—allowing people to access independent reporting.

Internet Policy/Net Neutrality

=> ↺ http://http://http://@http://http://?http://#http://

• As it took off, got an amazing attention and I received many different comments and replies, I felt a need to elaborate a little. To add some meat to this.

• Is this string really a legitimate URL? What is a URL? How is it parsed?

• http://http://http://@http://http://?http://#http://

Monopolies

Copyrights

=> ↺ Howard Pyle’s The Mermaid (1910) – The Public Domain Review

Gemini* and Gopher

Personal

=> ↺ WGHIPSA Wordo: JACOB

• Gemini (Primer) links can be opened using Gemini software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. Share in other sites/networks: These icons link to social bookmarking sites where readers can share and discover new web pages. Permalink  Send this to a friend

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