Statistics on the Gemini space

This page presents some statistics on the current state of the Gemini space. It has been updated on 2025-01-19 04:04:01Z.

It cannot claim to represent the entire space. The real number of URIs is certainly higher. There are several reasons why many URIs are not in the database:

• the capsule may forbid retrieval, through robots.txt,
• we do not know all the URIs and some cannot be found from the ones we know,
• Lupa has a maximum number of URIs per capsule, to save resources (currently 10000).

On this page, "working" means there was a successful connection recently. "recently" means "less than 31 days". "Dead" URLs and capsules are removed after 46 days and no longer appear in any statistics.

Currently, our database includes 684,340 URIs, 544,288 of them having been checked successfully (status code 20) and recently. Among the recently accessed, 408,283 URIs serve a Gemini content.

Resources

The average size of the resources is 60,310 bytes.

Quantiles

• 10% of the resources are 265 bytes or less,
• 20% of the resources are 548 bytes or less,
• 30% of the resources are 966 bytes or less,
• 40% of the resources are 1,165 bytes or less,
• 50% of the resources are 1,932 bytes or less, MEDIAN
• 60% of the resources are 3,395 bytes or less,
• 70% of the resources are 5,927 bytes or less,
• 80% of the resources are 11,203 bytes or less,
• 90% of the resources are 71,020 bytes or less,
• 100% of the resources are 4,156,230 bytes or less.

Quantiles only for Gemini pages

• 10% of the resources are 240 bytes or less,
• 20% of the resources are 428 bytes or less,
• 30% of the resources are 741 bytes or less,
• 40% of the resources are 1,102 bytes or less,
• 50% of the resources are 1,208 bytes or less, MEDIAN
• 60% of the resources are 1,985 bytes or less,
• 70% of the resources are 3,304 bytes or less,
• 80% of the resources are 5,531 bytes or less,
• 90% of the resources are 8,535 bytes or less,
• 100% of the resources are 4,156,230 bytes or less.

Ranges

• Less than 10 bytes: 4211 URLs (0.77 %)
• 10 to 100 bytes: 13936 URLs (2.6 %)
• 100 to 1000 bytes: 149058 URLs (27.4 %)
• 1 to 10 kbytes: 261570 URLs (48.1 %)
• 10 to 100 kbytes: 66524 URLs (12.2 %)
• 100 to 1000 kbytes: 29023 URLs (5.3 %)
• More than 1000 kbytes: 19966 URLs (3.67 %)

Most common media (MIME) types

• text/gemini: 408,283 URLs
• text/plain: 34,867 URLs
• image/png: 25,070 URLs
• image/jpeg: 23,189 URLs
• application/pdf: 12,826 URLs
• application/octet-stream: 10,949 URLs
• text/x-go: 5,511 URLs
• image/svg+xml: 3,310 URLs
• application/zip: 2,875 URLs
• audio/mpeg: 1,865 URLs
• image/gif: 1,842 URLs
• text/xml: 1,306 URLs
• MIME: 997 URLs
• text/html: 946 URLs
• text/x-diff: 913 URLs
• text/markdown: 705 URLs
• application/atom+xml: 696 URLs
• application/javascript: 683 URLs
• audio/ogg: 650 URLs
• application/json: 635 URLs

Most common languages

• Unspecified: 425,902 URLs
• en: 83,714 URLs
• de: 12,030 URLs
• it: 7,419 URLs
• fr: 6,390 URLs
• es: 2,923 URLs
• es_ar: 1,271 URLs
• fa: 1,003 URLs
• ru: 773 URLs
• ja: 586 URLs
• arb: 514 URLs
• en_gb: 381 URLs
• en_au: 243 URLs
• grc: 197 URLs
• en_us: 144 URLs
• he: 129 URLs
• pl: 110 URLs
• sv: 110 URLs
• eo: 80 URLs
• gl: 55 URLs

Most common language tags

• Unspecified: 425,852 URLs
• en: 30,328 URLs
• en-us: 29,266 URLs
• en-gb: 23,457 URLs
• de: 11,980 URLs
• it: 7,419 URLs
• fr: 5,543 URLs
• es-es: 1,771 URLs
• es_ar: 1,271 URLs
• es: 1,112 URLs
• fa: 1,003 URLs
• fr-fr: 847 URLs
• ja: 586 URLs
• arb: 514 URLs
• en-ie: 476 URLs
• ru: 445 URLs
• en_gb: 381 URLs
• ru-ru: 328 URLs
• en_au: 243 URLs
• grc: 197 URLs

Most common encodings ("charsets") for all files

(Remember there exists testing capsules, with very exotic encodings, so don't be surprised by some strange ones.)

• Unspecified: 431,600 URLs
• utf-8: 112,515 URLs
• us-ascii: 100 URLs
• binary: 47 URLs
• gzip: 22 URLs
• iso-8859-1: 2 URLs
• bzip2: 2 URLs

Most common encodings for gemtext files only

• Unspecified: 313,354 URLs
• utf-8: 94,926 URLs
• iso-8859-1: 2 URLs
• us-ascii: 1 URLs

By the way, 428 of recently tested URLs (0.065 %) have a wrong encoding (it does not match the actual content).

Status codes

(Remember there are test capsules with funny status codes, to exercice Gemini clients.)

• 20 (Success): 544,288 occurrences (89.92 %)
• 51 (Not found): 25,522 occurrences (4.22 %)
• 40 (Temporary failure): 12,115 occurrences (2.00 %)
• 42 (CGI error): 10,797 occurrences (1.78 %)
• 60 (Client certificate request): 6,157 occurrences (1.02 %)
• 10 (Input request): 4,345 occurrences (0.72 %)
• 30 (Temporary redirect): 1,457 occurrences (0.24 %)
• 44 (Slow down): 228 occurrences (0.04 %)
• 50 (Permanent failure): 169 occurrences (0.03 %)
• 31 (Permanent redirect): 74 occurrences (0.01 %)
• 59 (Bad request): 71 occurrences (0.01 %)
• 53 (Proxy request refused): 57 occurrences (0.01 %)

Links

(We count only backlinks from external capsules, and at most one link per capsule. Also, we exclude links from capsules like search engines or directories.)

Maximum number of incoming links: 333

Average number of incoming links: 0.29

Capsules

There are 4095 capsules. We successfully connected recently to 2928 of them.

Most common capsules by number of working URLs

We have a limit of 10000 URLs per capsule.

• 1436.ninja: 10000 URLs
• gemini.tuxmachines.org: 10000 URLs
• midnight.pub: 10000 URLs
• mirrors.apple2.org.za: 10000 URLs
• gemini.conman.org: 10000 URLs
• gemlog.stargrave.org: 10000 URLs
• federal.cx: 9998 URLs
• gemini.techrights.org: 9998 URLs
• taz.de: 9997 URLs
• dvd.flounder.online: 9997 URLs
• x5dragonfire.flounder.online: 9996 URLs
• fumble-around.mediocregopher.com: 9996 URLs
• gemini.oxydable.fr: 9995 URLs
• hoagie.space: 9993 URLs
• station.martinrue.com: 9983 URLs
• caiofior.pollux.casa: 9978 URLs
• library.inu.red: 9962 URLs
• tjp.lol: 9956 URLs
• gmi.noulin.net: 9954 URLs
• oracular.space: 9946 URLs

Most common capsules by number of bytes in working URLs

We have a limit of bytes per URL.

=> Not properly documented yet

• 1436.ninja: 9588.6 megabytes
• mirrors.apple2.org.za: 2818.6 megabytes
• nytpu.com: 2016.8 megabytes
• gem.librehacker.com: 1029.1 megabytes
• librehacker.com: 979.9 megabytes
• uscoffings.net: 922.0 megabytes
• gael.mooo.com: 755.5 megabytes
• dfdn.info: 601.4 megabytes
• yam655.com: 598.3 megabytes
• norayr.am: 495.7 megabytes
• hoagie.space: 487.9 megabytes
• si3t.ch: 372.9 megabytes
• villastraylight.online: 372.0 megabytes
• b2khgkvb2wn4avjshjp63kknsjwikgwff5dwwydldia6qwf4kdnueyad.onion: 345.6 megabytes
• library.inu.red: 322.0 megabytes
• jpfox.fr: 307.1 megabytes
• tweek.zyxxyz.eu: 306.9 megabytes
• going-flying.com: 299.9 megabytes
• ecs.d2evs.net: 250.0 megabytes
• gemi.dev: 228.3 megabytes
• shit.cx: 182.3 megabytes

All working capsules:

=> As a text file | As a gemtext, with links

Certificates

2672 (91.3 %) capsules are self-signed, 14 (0.5 %) use the Certificate Authority Let's Encrypt, 242 (8.3 %) are signed by another CA (may be not a trusted one).

81 capsules (2.78 %) have an expired certificate.

Algorithms:

• ecdsa-with-SHA256: 1824 capsules
• sha256WithRSAEncryption: 1028 capsules
• ecdsa-with-SHA384: 46 capsules
• ED25519: 22 capsules
• sha512WithRSAEncryption: 5 capsules
• ecdsa-with-SHA512: 3 capsules

Key types:

• ECDSA: 1875 capsules
• RSA: 1031 capsules
• ED25519: 22 capsules

Key sizes for RSA:

• 2048: 756 capsules
• 4096: 265 capsules
• 3072: 7 capsules
• 1024: 3 capsules

Key sizes for ECDSA:

• 256: 1811 capsules
• 384: 63 capsules
• 521: 1 capsules

TLS

98 % of the capsules use TLS 1.3, 2 % use TLS 1.2.

robots.txt

303 (10 %) the capsules have a robots.txt exclusion file.

Ports

17 working capsules (0.6 %) use an alternative port

Addresses

1087 IP addresses used. 18 % are IPv6.

Addresses with most virtual hosts

• 173.230.145.243: 925 vhosts
• 72.65.51.74: 494 vhosts
• 213.219.38.200: 283 vhosts
• 46.23.81.157: 124 vhosts
• 2a03:6000:1813:1337::157: 102 vhosts
• 86.248.171.38: 34 vhosts
• 90.65.170.44: 34 vhosts
• 109.237.26.252: 32 vhosts
• 45.56.93.217: 19 vhosts
• 128.140.115.191: 13 vhosts
• 212.71.248.87: 11 vhosts
• 2a01:4f8:c17:20f1::42: 10 vhosts
• 2a03:6000:6f67:624::99: 10 vhosts
• 23.88.35.144: 10 vhosts
• 46.23.94.99: 10 vhosts
• 51.222.161.16: 9 vhosts
• 2001:8b0:1d97:eeca:3da5:94ce:b61e:ee69: 8 vhosts
• 143.244.212.63: 8 vhosts
• 81.187.234.86: 8 vhosts
• 85.208.51.149: 8 vhosts

TLDs

There are 250 TLDs in the capsule's names, and 1921 registered domains.

Most common TLDs

By number of registered domains

• com: 305 domains
• net: 169 domains
• org: 161 domains
• xyz: 127 domains
• space: 92 domains
• site: 63 domains
• de: 56 domains
• dev: 53 domains
• me: 46 domains
• eu: 34 domains
• fr: 32 domains
• uk: 32 domains
• info: 28 domains
• io: 24 domains
• club: 23 domains
• ru: 19 domains
• online: 17 domains
• onion: 17 domains
• ca: 17 domains
• ch: 16 domains

By number of capsules

(There's a strong bias towards TLDs which have hosting services such as flounder.online, which has many capsules in subdomains. See before the TLDs per registered domains, which are probably more useful.)

• online: 938 capsules
• org: 710 capsules
• com: 372 capsules
• pub: 297 capsules
• net: 201 capsules
• xyz: 147 capsules
• space: 111 capsules
• site: 64 capsules
• de: 63 capsules
• dev: 61 capsules
• club: 50 capsules
• me: 47 capsules
• eu: 44 capsules
• casa: 42 capsules
• uk: 37 capsules
• fr: 35 capsules
• info: 34 capsules
• io: 31 capsules
• cc: 29 capsules
• ru: 24 capsules

Other statistics on the geminispace

=> At the search engine geminispace.info | At the search engine TLGS | By Nervuri (specially for certificates)

Contact

Maintained by Stéphane Bortzmeyer (email stephane+gemini@bortzmeyer.org). Comments and criticisms are welcome.

=> Home page of the crawler | Source code of the crawler

=> My capsule